Article(id=1200024246631104724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200024241572770746, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0831.2022.1006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1649865600000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1653148800000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-22, onlineDate=1764037675769, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1695830400000, pubDateStr=2023-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037675769, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037675769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037675769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200024241572770746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='9', pageStart='993', pageEnd='1112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764037674563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038723302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200028640353288193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200024241572770746, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200028640353288194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200024241572770746, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1076, endPage=1080, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200024248333992160, articleId=1200024246631104724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and gastroesophageal reflux disease, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Method A total of 5832 patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from August 2019 to August 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into GERD group (n=1752) and non-GERD group (n=4080) according to gastroesophageal reflux disease. The two groups were compared for general features and SIBO prevalence. Subgroup analysis was performed in GERD group. The gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) scores between the SIBO-positive group (n=1051) and the SIBO-negative group (n=701) were compared. The prevalence of SIBO was compared between the group with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (n=1280) and the group without PPI (n=472). The prevalence of SIBO was compared between patients in non-erosive esophagitis (n=1051), erosive esophagitis (n=643) and Barrett's esophagus (n=58). Risk factors for GERD were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Age, body mass index, GerdQ score, smoking and prevalence of SIBO in GERD group were higher than those in non-GERD group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis found that SIBO, obesity, drinking and smoking were risk factors for GERD. Subgroup analysis showed that the GerdQ score in SIBO-positive group (9.54±1.59) was higher than that in SIBO-negative group (8.40±1.54, P<0.05). The prevalence of SIBO in patients taking PPI (64.9%) was higher than that in patients without PPI (46.6%, P<0.05); The prevalence of SIBO in patients with erosive esophagitis (68.7%) and Barrett's esophagus (69.0%) was higher than that in patients with non-erosive esophagitis (54.1%, P<0.05). Conclusions SIBO is risk factor for GERD. Reflux symptoms are more severe when GERD patients have SIBO.

, correspAuthors=Li-Hong Cui, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 分析小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)与胃食管反流病(GERD)的相关性。方法 选取2019年8月-2021年8月解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科收治的GERD或其他消化病患者5832例,根据是否存在GERD分为GERD组(n=1752)与非GERD组(n=4080),比较两组患者的一般资料及SIBO患病率,采用多因素logistic回归分析GERD的影响因素。对GERD组进行亚组分析,比较SIBO阳性(n=1051)与SIBO阴性(n=701)患者的GerdQ评分;比较服用质子泵抑制剂(PPI)(n=1280)与未服用PPI(n=472)患者的SIBO患病率;比较非糜烂性食管炎(n=1051)、糜烂性食管炎(n=643)、Barrett食管(n=58)患者的SIBO患病率。结果 GERD组年龄、体重指数、GerdQ评分、吸烟比例、SIBO患病率等均高于非GERD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,SIBO、肥胖、饮酒及吸烟是GERD的独立危险因素。对GERD组进行亚组分析发现,SIBO阳性患者GerdQ评分(9.54±1.59)高于SIBO阴性患者(8.40±1.54,P<0.05),服用PPI患者的SIBO患病率(64.9%)高于未服用PPI患者(46.6%,P<0.05),糜烂性食管炎患者(68.7%)及Barrett食管患者的SIBO患病率(69.0%)均高于非糜烂性食管炎患者(54.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SIBO是GERD的独立危险因素,存在SIBO时,GERD患者的反流症状更加严重。

, correspAuthors=崔立红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
崔立红,E-mail:
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赵飞燕,硕士研究生,主要从事肠道微生态与消化系统疾病方面的研究

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赵飞燕,硕士研究生,主要从事肠道微生态与消化系统疾病方面的研究

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Comparison of general data between patients in GERD group and non-GERD group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

GERD组
(n=1752)

非GERD组
(n=4080)

χ2/t P
性别(男/女, 例) 979/773 2203/1877 1.755 0.185
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 51.68±13.50 50.21±13.72 3.811 <0.001
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$) 24.68±3.64 24.42±3.22 2.711 0.007
GerdQ评分(分, $\bar{x}±s$) 9.08±1.67 4.11±1.55 109.775 <0.001
吸烟[例(%)] 798(45.5) 1285(31.5) 105.423 <0.001
饮酒[例(%)] 693(39.5) 1614(39.6) 0.000 0.998
SIBO患病[例(%)] 1051(60.0) 2182(53.5) 21.015 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1200066179659297564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024246631104724, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GERD组与非GERD组患者一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

GERD组
(n=1752)

非GERD组
(n=4080)

χ2/t P
性别(男/女, 例) 979/773 2203/1877 1.755 0.185
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 51.68±13.50 50.21±13.72 3.811 <0.001
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$) 24.68±3.64 24.42±3.22 2.711 0.007
GerdQ评分(分, $\bar{x}±s$) 9.08±1.67 4.11±1.55 109.775 <0.001
吸烟[例(%)] 798(45.5) 1285(31.5) 105.423 <0.001
饮酒[例(%)] 693(39.5) 1614(39.6) 0.000 0.998
SIBO患病[例(%)] 1051(60.0) 2182(53.5) 21.015 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1200066179755766560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024246631104724, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for GERD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 回归系数 标准误 Wald χ2 P OR 95%CI
SIBO 0.198 0.066 9.126 0.003 1.219 1.072~1.386
肥胖 0.367 0.096 14.635 <0.001 1.443 1.196~1.741
饮酒 2.154 0.073 878.869 <0.001 8.619 7.475~9.938
吸烟 1.243 0.073 287.256 <0.001 3.466 3.002~4.002
), ArticleFig(id=1200066179831264036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024246631104724, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

多因素logistic回归分析GERD的危险因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 回归系数 标准误 Wald χ2 P OR 95%CI
SIBO 0.198 0.066 9.126 0.003 1.219 1.072~1.386
肥胖 0.367 0.096 14.635 <0.001 1.443 1.196~1.741
饮酒 2.154 0.073 878.869 <0.001 8.619 7.475~9.938
吸烟 1.243 0.073 287.256 <0.001 3.466 3.002~4.002
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小肠细菌过度生长与胃食管反流病的相关性分析
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赵飞燕 1, 2 , 崔立红 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(9): 1076-1080
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(9): 1076-1080
小肠细菌过度生长与胃食管反流病的相关性分析
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赵飞燕1, 2, 崔立红1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1南方医科大学第二临床医学院,广东广州 510280
  • 2解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科,北京 100048
  • 赵飞燕,硕士研究生,主要从事肠道微生态与消化系统疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

崔立红,E-mail:
Relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Fei-Yan Zhao1, 2, Li-Hong Cui1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
  • 2Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2023-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0831.2022.1006
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目的 分析小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)与胃食管反流病(GERD)的相关性。方法 选取2019年8月-2021年8月解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科收治的GERD或其他消化病患者5832例,根据是否存在GERD分为GERD组(n=1752)与非GERD组(n=4080),比较两组患者的一般资料及SIBO患病率,采用多因素logistic回归分析GERD的影响因素。对GERD组进行亚组分析,比较SIBO阳性(n=1051)与SIBO阴性(n=701)患者的GerdQ评分;比较服用质子泵抑制剂(PPI)(n=1280)与未服用PPI(n=472)患者的SIBO患病率;比较非糜烂性食管炎(n=1051)、糜烂性食管炎(n=643)、Barrett食管(n=58)患者的SIBO患病率。结果 GERD组年龄、体重指数、GerdQ评分、吸烟比例、SIBO患病率等均高于非GERD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,SIBO、肥胖、饮酒及吸烟是GERD的独立危险因素。对GERD组进行亚组分析发现,SIBO阳性患者GerdQ评分(9.54±1.59)高于SIBO阴性患者(8.40±1.54,P<0.05),服用PPI患者的SIBO患病率(64.9%)高于未服用PPI患者(46.6%,P<0.05),糜烂性食管炎患者(68.7%)及Barrett食管患者的SIBO患病率(69.0%)均高于非糜烂性食管炎患者(54.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SIBO是GERD的独立危险因素,存在SIBO时,GERD患者的反流症状更加严重。

小肠细菌过度生长  /  胃食管反流病  /  肠道菌群失调  /  短链脂肪酸

Objective To analyze the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Method A total of 5832 patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from August 2019 to August 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into GERD group (n=1752) and non-GERD group (n=4080) according to gastroesophageal reflux disease. The two groups were compared for general features and SIBO prevalence. Subgroup analysis was performed in GERD group. The gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) scores between the SIBO-positive group (n=1051) and the SIBO-negative group (n=701) were compared. The prevalence of SIBO was compared between the group with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (n=1280) and the group without PPI (n=472). The prevalence of SIBO was compared between patients in non-erosive esophagitis (n=1051), erosive esophagitis (n=643) and Barrett's esophagus (n=58). Risk factors for GERD were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Age, body mass index, GerdQ score, smoking and prevalence of SIBO in GERD group were higher than those in non-GERD group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis found that SIBO, obesity, drinking and smoking were risk factors for GERD. Subgroup analysis showed that the GerdQ score in SIBO-positive group (9.54±1.59) was higher than that in SIBO-negative group (8.40±1.54, P<0.05). The prevalence of SIBO in patients taking PPI (64.9%) was higher than that in patients without PPI (46.6%, P<0.05); The prevalence of SIBO in patients with erosive esophagitis (68.7%) and Barrett's esophagus (69.0%) was higher than that in patients with non-erosive esophagitis (54.1%, P<0.05). Conclusions SIBO is risk factor for GERD. Reflux symptoms are more severe when GERD patients have SIBO.

small intestinal bacterial overgrowth  /  gastroesophageal reflux disease  /  intestinal dysbacteriosis  /  short chain fatty acids
赵飞燕, 崔立红. 小肠细菌过度生长与胃食管反流病的相关性分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (9) : 1076 -1080 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0831.2022.1006
Fei-Yan Zhao, Li-Hong Cui. Relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and gastroesophageal reflux disease[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (9) : 1076 -1080 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0831.2022.1006
大量微生物定植于人类的口腔、皮肤及胃肠道等,其中肠道是定植微生物最多的器官。健康人体肠道中的菌群通常处于平衡状态,这种平衡状态的维持需要人体分泌胃酸、胰酶及胆汁酸,小肠蠕动功能正常,回盲瓣的结构及功能完整,机体免疫系统的保护等多种因素去维护[1]。当以上保护机制出现异常时,会导致原本相对无菌的小肠内大量细菌繁殖,并通过发酵碳水化合物产生大量的氢气、甲烷及短链脂肪酸等,导致腹胀、腹泻等症状,从而发生小肠细菌过度生长(small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,SIBO)[2]。胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是由于胃和(或)十二指肠内容物反流至食管引起的以胸骨后的烧灼感、反酸等为主要临床表现的疾病[3-4]。在我国,19.8%~23.4%的人患有GERD,且这一患病率仍在逐年升高[5-6]。GERD的病因与食管下括约肌松弛、食管廓清能力减弱、胃排空延迟、肠道微生态紊乱等众多因素相关[7]。有研究发现,肠道内大量碳水化合物如不能被小肠吸收,则会被细菌酵解产生大量气体、短链脂肪酸等,而这些物质将延缓胃排空,一过性松弛食管下括约肌,使胃内容物更容易反流至食管,导致GERD[8]。目前GERD与SIBO之间的关系尚未明确。本研究通过对比GERD与非GERD患者的SIBO患病情况,探讨SIBO与GERD的关系。
选择2019年8月-2021年8月于解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科就诊的GERD及其他消化道疾病患者5832例,其中男3182例,女2650例,年龄18~92岁。纳入标准:(1)具有腹胀、腹痛、腹部不适等症状;(2)初次行甲烷和氢呼气检查;(3)已完善胃镜检查;(4)具有完整的病史资料;(5)年龄≥18岁。排除标准:(1)近4周有乳果糖、抗生素和(或)促进胃肠动力等药物服用史;(2)近2周有益生菌和(或)抑酸制剂等药物服用史;(3)具有胃部手术、胆囊切除术和(或)肠道手术史;(4)伴有功能性消化不良;(5)妊娠期或哺乳期女性。本研究已获得本院伦理委员会批准(HZKY2020-41),入组患者均签署知情同意书。
收集患者性别、年龄、身高、体重等资料,计算患者的体重指数(body mass index,BMI)。BMI=体重(kg)/身高(m)2。收集患者的吸烟、饮酒及质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor,PPI)服用情况。吸烟定义:每天吸烟至少1支,吸烟时间连续超过6个月以上;饮酒定义:每周饮酒1次及以上,时间≥1年。PPI服用定义:在近6个月内有至少2个月的每日标准剂量PPI持续服用史。采用多因素logistic回归分析GERD的影响因素,并对GERD进行亚组分析。
使用美国QuinTron公司的QuinTron Breath TrackerTM Digital MicroLyzer SC呼气仪测定受试者呼出气中的甲烷和氢气浓度,受试者在检测前应注意以下事项:(1)在进行呼气试验前24 h内应避免过量进食,同时禁止进食豆乳、麦面及高纤维蔬菜;(2)检查前12 h禁食水;(3)在接受检查当日晨起后需要刷牙漱口,同时禁止吸烟(包括二手烟);(4)在进行呼气试验期间禁止饮食、饮酒、吸烟,且需要保持安静清醒,避免剧烈活动。检测流程:首先空腹收集受试者一次呼出气中的氢气和甲烷浓度,单位为ppm(part per million),之后服用10 g乳果糖溶液(荷兰苏威制药公司),从服用乳果糖溶液开始计时,每间隔30 min收集一次,到210 min为最后一次。同一受试者共收集8个时间点的数据,以时间为横坐标,气体浓度为纵坐标,分别绘制甲烷和氢气的时间浓度曲线,依据此浓度曲线进行SIBO的诊断。
目前暂无统一的SIBO诊断标准,本研究依据国内外文献[2,9-11]总结出以下标准:(1)呼出氢气阳性需满足下列条件中的一条及以上:①空腹呼出气中氢气浓度≥20 ppm,服用乳果糖后连续测定2次呼出气中氢气浓度均≥20 ppm;②服用乳果糖后90 min内氢气浓度出现一个较空腹值升高≥12 ppm的峰值,90 min后再次出现更高的峰值,形成双峰曲线图;③呼出氢气浓度在服用乳果糖90 min内出现高平峰,在180 min内该高峰值较空腹氢气浓度升高≥20 ppm;④在服用乳果糖90 min内氢气浓度值较空腹值升高≥20 ppm。(2)呼出甲烷阳性要求满足以下条件中的一条及以上:①检测者空腹呼出气中甲烷浓度≥10 ppm,并且服用乳果糖后连续2次甲烷浓度均≥10 ppm;②呼出甲烷浓度在口服乳果糖后90 min内出现高平峰,在180 min内最大峰值较空腹升高≥10 ppm。呼出氢气阳性和(或)甲烷阳性均可诊断为SIBO。
(1)通过胃镜检查及病理组织活检证实食管存在反流导致的炎症或Barrett病变;(2)通过24 h食管pH监测手段检测到食管有异常的酸性和(或)碱性物质反流;(3)连续使用1~2周PPI治疗后,患者反酸、胃灼热等症状明显缓解。满足以上标准任意一条即可诊断为GERD[12]。据此标准将5832例患者分为GERD组(n=1752)与非GERD组(n=4080)。
患者按照要求做好胃肠道准备,由我科内镜中心医师使用奥林巴斯CV-290胃肠镜完成此项检查。依据胃镜下表现,将GERD分为3类:(1)非糜烂性食管炎,胃镜下食管未见破损但患者存在反流症状;(2)糜烂性食管炎,胃镜下可见食管反流导致的黏膜破损;(3)Barrett食管,胃镜下可见食管黏膜柱状上皮化生区,范围≥1 cm,同时行活组织病理检查确诊。据此标准将1752例GERD患者分为非糜烂性食管炎组(n=1051)、糜烂性食管炎组(n=643)、Barrett食管组(n=58)。
GerdQ量表由胃灼热、反流、睡眠障碍及使用非处方药物4个阳性症状和上腹疼痛、恶心2个阴性症状组成,根据前1周的症状出现频率,每个项目评分0~3分,症状总分为以上6个症状得分之和[13]
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,两组间比较用χ2检验。采用多因素logistic回归分析GERD的危险因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
两组性别及饮酒比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GERD组的年龄、BMI、GerdQ评分、吸烟比例均高于非GERD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。
GERD患者SIBO患病率高于非GERD患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,表1)。
以GERD为因变量(GERD=1,非GERD=0),以性别(男=1,女=0)、年龄、BMI(BMI≥28 kg/m2为肥胖,<28 kg/m2为非肥胖)及吸烟、饮酒、SIBO(赋值均为是=1,否=0)为自变量,采用多因素logistic回归分析GERD的危险因素,结果显示,SIBO、肥胖、饮酒、吸烟是GERD的独立危险因素(P<0.05,表2)。
GERD患者中,SIBO阳性患者1051例,GerdQ评分(9.54±1.59)分,SIBO阴性患者701例,GerdQ评分(8.40±1.54)分,SIBO阳性患者的GerdQ评分高于SIBO阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(t=14.903,P<0.001)。
GERD患者中,服用PPI患者的SIBO患病率[64.9%(831/1280)]高于未服用PPI的患者[46.6%(220/472)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.175,P<0.001)。
非糜烂性食管炎组SIBO患病率为54.1%(569/1051),糜烂性食管炎组SIBO患病率为68.7%(442/643),Barrett食管组SIBO患病率为69.0%(40/58),三组差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.449,P<0.001),糜烂性食管炎组、Barrett食管组的SIBO患病率均高于非糜烂性食管炎组组(P<0.05)。糜烂性食管炎组与Barrett食管组的SIBO患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
SIBO作为一种临床综合征,可以独立发生,也可作为某些疾病的伴随症状出现,而合并SIBO常会导致恶性循环,潜在的病因诱发SIBO,SIBO直接或间接导致疾病的恶化。SIBO与多种疾病相关,在GERD中有33%~67%的患者会发生SIBO[14-15]
本研究发现,GERD组患者SIBO患病率为60.0%,明显高于非GERD组(53.5%)。进一步对不同类型GERD患者SIBO的患病率进行对比发现,糜烂性食管炎患者SIBO患病率为68.7%、Barrett食管患者SIBO患病率为69.0%,均高于非糜烂性食管炎患者(54.1%),提示SIBO与GERD具有相关性。采用logistic回归分析GERD的影响因素,结果显示,SIBO、肥胖、饮酒、吸烟是GERD的独立危险因素。本研究结果显示,与SIBO阴性的GERD患者相比,SIBO阳性的GERD患者GerdQ评分更高,提示SIBO能够直接或间接加重GERD患者的反流症状。SIBO最常见的病因是肠道蠕动功能异常,GERD发生的病因是胃食管运动功能异常,将胃肠道作为整体,二者有着共同的病因即运动功能障碍,结合本研究的结果及相关研究资料,可能存在以下几种机制。
第一种机制是肠道内大量甲烷和(或)氢气生成。当小肠内有过量的细菌繁殖后,将会导致营养物质尤其是碳水化合物吸收障碍,大量异常细菌分解小肠内的碳水化合物产生过量的甲烷和氢气。这些气体可以导致胃内压增高,增高的胃内压将会促使大量胃内容反流至食管,从而破坏食管黏膜[16-19]
第二种机制是肠道内大量短链脂肪酸生成,通过体液途径反射性导致胃排空延迟及食管下括约肌一过性松弛。肠道内细菌在发酵过程中会产生大量短链脂肪酸,脂肪酸会激活肠道内L细胞释放胰高糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)及YY肽(PYY)至血液中,而GLP-1及YY肽不仅会延缓胃排空,还能导致食管下括约肌出现一过性松弛,使胃内容物更容易反流至食管,导致GERD症状更加严重[6,20-23]。第三种机制是炎症反应介导的食管平滑肌受损。小肠内细菌大量繁殖将会导致肠道黏膜屏障功能受损,大量细菌及毒素通过肠道黏膜进入黏膜固有层甚至血液,这些细菌及毒素与机体免疫系统相互作用,产生大量的炎性因子如肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6等,导致全身低度炎症状态。加之免疫激活及GERD患者的遗传易感性,上述几种因素综合引起食管炎症,损伤食管平滑肌的功能[24-28]。第四为其他外部因素,最常见的是服用PPI。本研究通过对GERD组患者的PPI服用情况进行亚组分析发现,服用PPI组的SIBO患病率高于未服用PPI组,差异有统计学意义,提示长期服用PPI可能会导致SIBO。张茹等[29]研究发现,长期服用PPI组的SIBO患病率为88.6%,明显高于按需服用PPI组(65.7%)及对照组(58.3%)。使用PPI导致SIBO的原因可能是:胃酸分泌减少会导致大量细菌进入小肠,小肠依靠自身廓清及免疫能力难以清除这些细菌,导致大量细菌在小肠内繁殖;此外,小肠液的pH值提高及肠腔生态环境改变会致使原本不该生长的细菌大量繁殖[30]。服用PPI不仅会影响小肠内细菌,还会影响胃及食管内菌群。Castellani等[31]研究发现,服用PPI的非糜烂性食管炎及糜烂性食管炎患者肠内的拟杆菌明显少于未服用PPI者,而服用PPI的Barrett食管患者后壁菌门及变形菌门量高于未服用PPI者。这些变化可能是由于使用抑酸药使得胃酸分泌下降,食管及胃内pH值升高,导致既往不能生长的细菌在胃及食管内定植。此外,低胃酸状态可使从口腔摄入的微生物能够在食管、胃乃至小肠内存活。
综上所述,GERD发生的危险因素包括SIBO、肥胖、饮酒、吸烟,其中SIBO与GERD存在密切关联,可能作为GERD的众多诱发因素之一,与其他因素共同导致反流的发生。本研究的不足之处在于仅采用了呼气试验,并未对肠道菌群进行具体分析,且本研究属于观察性研究,存在较多混杂因素,下一步需行前瞻性研究进行验证。
  • 首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2020-2-5113)
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2023年第48卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0831.2022.1006
  • 接收时间:2022-04-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-14
  • 录用日期:2022-05-22
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Capital Health Development Scientific Research Special Project(首发2020-2-5113)
首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2020-2-5113)
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    1南方医科大学第二临床医学院,广东广州 510280
    2解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科,北京 100048

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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