Article(id=1200024244898853871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200024241572770746, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1404.2023.0213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1656000000000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1658505600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-07-23, onlineDate=1764037675356, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1695830400000, pubDateStr=2023-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037675356, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037675356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037675356, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200024241572770746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='9', pageStart='993', pageEnd='1112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764037674563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038723302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200028640353288193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200024241572770746, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200028640353288194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200024241572770746, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1034, endPage=1039, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200024245343449090, articleId=1200024244898853871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Influence of external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate on postoperative infection and bone healing in patients with open tibia and fibula fractures, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the influence of external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate on postoperative infection and bone healing in patients with open tibia and fibula fractures. Methods A total of 83 patients with open tibia and fibula fractures admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from June 2017 to June 2020 were selected, and according to the throwing method randomly divided into observation group (n=41) and control group (n=42). Patients in the control group were treated with external fixator, and those in the observation group were treated with external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate. The bone healing (including complete weight bearing time, swelling elimination time, external fixator removal time, bone healing time), knee function (HSS score), ankle function (AOFAS score), quality of life, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the general data between the two groups (P>0.05). The complete weight bearing time, swelling elimination time, external fixator removal time, and bone healing time in observation group were shorter than in control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in HSS score, AOFAS score and SF-36 score between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the HSS scores and AOFAS scores of the two groups increased, and the observation group had higher scores than the control group (P<0.05). The SF-36 scores of the two groups increased, and the scores for energy, general health and physiological function in observation group were higher than in control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of malunion, nonunion and decreased muscle strength between the two groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of wound infection was lower in observation group than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion External fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate is effective in treatment of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures, which can significantly reduce the postoperative infection rate and accelerate bone healing.

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目的 探讨外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响。方法 选取2017年6月-2020年6月海南医学院第一附属医院收治的83例胫腓骨开放性骨折患者,采用投掷法随机分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=42)。对照组采用外固定支架治疗,观察组采用外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗。比较两组骨愈合情况(包括完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间、骨愈合时间)、膝关节功能(HSS评分)、踝关节功能(AOFAS评分)、生活质量及并发症发生情况。结果 两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间、骨愈合时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组HSS评分、AOFAS评分及SF-36量表各维度评分比较差异无统计意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组HSS评分、AOFAS评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),两组SF-36量表各维度评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组精力、总体健康、生理机能3个维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后两组畸形愈合、骨不连、肌力减退的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组伤口感染发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 胫腓骨开放性骨折患者采用外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗疗效较高,可明显降低术后感染发生率,加速骨愈合。

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唐崧杰,主治医师,主要从事骨科疾病、脊柱微创导航等方面的研究

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唐崧杰,主治医师,主要从事骨科疾病、脊柱微创导航等方面的研究

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唐崧杰,主治医师,主要从事骨科疾病、脊柱微创导航等方面的研究

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Int Orthop, 2019, 43(5): 1061-1070., articleTitle=One-stage surgery for adult chronic osteomyelitis: concomitant use of antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate and bone marrow aspirate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200024259687969203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=22, issue=4, pageStart=286, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Wang Q, Lu Y, Ma T, journalName=Chin J Orthop Trauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Q, Lu Y, Ma T, et al. Effects of external fixation as a terminal versus staged treatment on prognosis in patients with open tibiofibular fracture[J]. Chin J Orthop Trauma, 2020, 22(4): 286-291., articleTitle=Effects of external fixation as a terminal versus staged treatment on prognosis in patients with open tibiofibular fracture, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200024259788632501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=22, issue=4, pageStart=286, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=王谦, 路遥, 马腾, journalName=中华创伤骨科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王谦, 路遥, 马腾, 等. 胫腓骨开放性骨折外固定支架分期治疗和终末治疗对患者预后的影响[J]. 中华创伤骨科杂志, 2020, 22(4): 286-291., articleTitle=胫腓骨开放性骨折外固定支架分期治疗和终末治疗对患者预后的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200024254365397284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, awardId=81760260, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81760260), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200024254461866279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, awardId=81760260, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81760260), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200024246186504248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200024246194892859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, companyId=1200024246186504248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Spinal Osteopathy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200024246203281467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, companyId=1200024246186504248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=海南医学院第一附属医院脊柱骨病外科,海南海口 570102)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200024249655193814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Treatment methods for open tibia and fibula fractures, figureFileSmall=NBDimVaXGMLW5m37BtAzPw==, figureFileBig=qNLcDtluVLLLoL7u3Rx1zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200024249764245726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=CN, label=图1, caption=胫腓骨开放性骨折治疗方式

A. 外固定支架治疗(患者男,19岁,左侧胫腓骨粉碎性骨折,对应图片分别为外固定支架术后不同角度CT三维重建影像,均显示骨折固定良好);B. 外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗(患者男,19岁,左侧胫腓骨开放性骨折,从左至右依次为外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗后CT三维重建侧位与正位、X线片侧位与正位影像,均显示骨折固定良好)

, figureFileSmall=NBDimVaXGMLW5m37BtAzPw==, figureFileBig=qNLcDtluVLLLoL7u3Rx1zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200024250162704623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of the general data between the two groups of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目

对照组
(n=42)

观察组
(n=41)

χ2/tP
性别[例(%)]0.1200.729
23(54.8)24(58.5)
19(45.2)17(41.5)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)42.2±4.341.9±4.30.3080.759
骨折部位[例(%)]0.6240.430
右侧22(52.4)25(61.0)
左侧20(47.6)16(39.0)
骨折原因[例(%)]0.1280.938
交通伤25(59.5)24(58.5)
重物砸伤10(23.8)9(22.0)
高处坠落伤7(16.7)8(19.5)
Gustilo分型[例(%)]0.1200.942
Ⅰ型11(26.2)12(29.3)
Ⅱ型23(54.8)22(53.7)
Ⅲ型8(19.0)7(17.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1200024250284339445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组胫腓骨开放性骨折患者一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目

对照组
(n=42)

观察组
(n=41)

χ2/tP
性别[例(%)]0.1200.729
23(54.8)24(58.5)
19(45.2)17(41.5)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)42.2±4.341.9±4.30.3080.759
骨折部位[例(%)]0.6240.430
右侧22(52.4)25(61.0)
左侧20(47.6)16(39.0)
骨折原因[例(%)]0.1280.938
交通伤25(59.5)24(58.5)
重物砸伤10(23.8)9(22.0)
高处坠落伤7(16.7)8(19.5)
Gustilo分型[例(%)]0.1200.942
Ⅰ型11(26.2)12(29.3)
Ⅱ型23(54.8)22(53.7)
Ⅲ型8(19.0)7(17.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1200024250443723003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the bone healing between the two groups of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures (d, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别完全负重时间肿胀消除时间外固定支架拆除时间骨愈合时间
对照组(n=42)156.69±19.1413.21±3.05139.94±18.67137.84±16.03
观察组(n=41)145.48±18.2611.16±2.37128.35±14.48125.19±20.93
t2.7293.4143.1553.096
P0.0080.0010.0020.003
), ArticleFig(id=1200024250598912257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组胫腓骨开放性骨折患者骨愈合情况比较(d,$\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别完全负重时间肿胀消除时间外固定支架拆除时间骨愈合时间
对照组(n=42)156.69±19.1413.21±3.05139.94±18.67137.84±16.03
观察组(n=41)145.48±18.2611.16±2.37128.35±14.48125.19±20.93
t2.7293.4143.1553.096
P0.0080.0010.0020.003
), ArticleFig(id=1200024250720547079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of the HSS and AOFAS scores between the two groups of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures (score, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别HSS评分AOFAS评分
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
对照组(n=42)46.13±6.8564.28±3.57(1)47.05±6.8966.32±4.35(1)
观察组(n=41)45.82±6.7971.32±4.15(1)46.79±6.8372.16±5.09(1)
t0.2078.2920.1735.624
P0.837<0.0010.863<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1200024250846376203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组胫腓骨开放性骨折患者HSS、AOFAS评分比较(分,$\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别HSS评分AOFAS评分
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
对照组(n=42)46.13±6.8564.28±3.57(1)47.05±6.8966.32±4.35(1)
观察组(n=41)45.82±6.7971.32±4.15(1)46.79±6.8372.16±5.09(1)
t0.2078.2920.1735.624
P0.837<0.0010.863<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1200024250976399634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of the postoperative complications between the two groups of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别伤口感染畸形愈合骨不连肌力减退
对照组(n=42)6(14.3)4(9.5)1(2.4)1(2.4)
观察组(n=41)01(2.4)01(2.4)
χ24.3630.8010.9880.488
P0.0370.3710.3200.485
), ArticleFig(id=1200024252113056022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后并发症发生情况比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别伤口感染畸形愈合骨不连肌力减退
对照组(n=42)6(14.3)4(9.5)1(2.4)1(2.4)
观察组(n=41)01(2.4)01(2.4)
χ24.3630.8010.9880.488
P0.0370.3710.3200.485
), ArticleFig(id=1200024254096961818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of the quality of life between the two groups of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures (score, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组(n=42)观察组(n=41)
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
情感职能56.21±6.4362.54±7.21(1)55.30±6.3563.15±7.42(1)
躯体疼痛51.25±6.7361.13±7.17(1)50.38±6.4962.86±7.35(1)
精力55.69±5.6360.54±7.62(1)56.71±5.8365.23±6.91(1)(2)
总体健康55.62±6.8568.64±7.92(1)55.38±6.8168.64±7.92(1)(2)
精神健康53.15±6.1263.04±6.95(1)52.47±5.9664.17±7.13(1)
生理职能53.51±6.1764.92±7.11(1)53.84±6.2664.38±7.21(1)
生理机能48.25±5.2455.29±6.15(1)49.31±5.1761.14±6.87(1)(2)
社会功能52.17±5.1464.03±6.96(1)53.84±5.2665.72±6.85(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1200024254222790942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200024244898853871, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组胫腓骨开放性骨折患者生活质量比较(分, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组(n=42)观察组(n=41)
治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后
情感职能56.21±6.4362.54±7.21(1)55.30±6.3563.15±7.42(1)
躯体疼痛51.25±6.7361.13±7.17(1)50.38±6.4962.86±7.35(1)
精力55.69±5.6360.54±7.62(1)56.71±5.8365.23±6.91(1)(2)
总体健康55.62±6.8568.64±7.92(1)55.38±6.8168.64±7.92(1)(2)
精神健康53.15±6.1263.04±6.95(1)52.47±5.9664.17±7.13(1)
生理职能53.51±6.1764.92±7.11(1)53.84±6.2664.38±7.21(1)
生理机能48.25±5.2455.29±6.15(1)49.31±5.1761.14±6.87(1)(2)
社会功能52.17±5.1464.03±6.96(1)53.84±5.2665.72±6.85(1)
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外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响
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唐崧杰 , 崔红旺 , 王挺锐
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(9): 1034-1039
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(9): 1034-1039
外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响
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唐崧杰, 崔红旺, 王挺锐
作者信息
  • 海南医学院第一附属医院脊柱骨病外科,海南海口 570102
  • 唐崧杰,主治医师,主要从事骨科疾病、脊柱微创导航等方面的研究

Influence of external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate on postoperative infection and bone healing in patients with open tibia and fibula fractures
Song-Jie Tang, Hong-Wang Cui, Ting-Rui Wang
Affiliations
  • Spinal Osteopathy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China
出版时间: 2023-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1404.2023.0213
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目的 探讨外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响。方法 选取2017年6月-2020年6月海南医学院第一附属医院收治的83例胫腓骨开放性骨折患者,采用投掷法随机分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=42)。对照组采用外固定支架治疗,观察组采用外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗。比较两组骨愈合情况(包括完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间、骨愈合时间)、膝关节功能(HSS评分)、踝关节功能(AOFAS评分)、生活质量及并发症发生情况。结果 两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间、骨愈合时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组HSS评分、AOFAS评分及SF-36量表各维度评分比较差异无统计意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组HSS评分、AOFAS评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),两组SF-36量表各维度评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组精力、总体健康、生理机能3个维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后两组畸形愈合、骨不连、肌力减退的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组伤口感染发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 胫腓骨开放性骨折患者采用外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗疗效较高,可明显降低术后感染发生率,加速骨愈合。

外固定支架  /  抗生素  /  硫酸钙  /  胫腓骨开放性骨折  /  感染

Objective To explore the influence of external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate on postoperative infection and bone healing in patients with open tibia and fibula fractures. Methods A total of 83 patients with open tibia and fibula fractures admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from June 2017 to June 2020 were selected, and according to the throwing method randomly divided into observation group (n=41) and control group (n=42). Patients in the control group were treated with external fixator, and those in the observation group were treated with external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate. The bone healing (including complete weight bearing time, swelling elimination time, external fixator removal time, bone healing time), knee function (HSS score), ankle function (AOFAS score), quality of life, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the general data between the two groups (P>0.05). The complete weight bearing time, swelling elimination time, external fixator removal time, and bone healing time in observation group were shorter than in control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in HSS score, AOFAS score and SF-36 score between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the HSS scores and AOFAS scores of the two groups increased, and the observation group had higher scores than the control group (P<0.05). The SF-36 scores of the two groups increased, and the scores for energy, general health and physiological function in observation group were higher than in control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of malunion, nonunion and decreased muscle strength between the two groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of wound infection was lower in observation group than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion External fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate is effective in treatment of patients with open tibia and fibula fractures, which can significantly reduce the postoperative infection rate and accelerate bone healing.

external fixator  /  antibiotic  /  calcium sulfate  /  open tibia and fibula fractures  /  infection
唐崧杰, 崔红旺, 王挺锐. 外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (9) : 1034 -1039 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1404.2023.0213
Song-Jie Tang, Hong-Wang Cui, Ting-Rui Wang. Influence of external fixator combined with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate on postoperative infection and bone healing in patients with open tibia and fibula fractures[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (9) : 1034 -1039 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1404.2023.0213
胫腓骨开放性骨折较为常见,主要由高能量损伤引起,常合并神经、肌肉损伤,严重影响患者的生活质量[1-2]。该病的常规治疗方法为钢板内固定术,但术后患者极易出现并发症[3]。随着医学技术的不断发展,骨折外固定术在胫腓骨开放性骨折的治疗中广泛应用。外固定支架创伤小,可保持骨折处的稳定及维护血运,避免内固定带来的异物反应及二次手术取内固定物的伤害[4-6],但术后患者仍有一定感染率,且全身抗生素应用难以产生局部有效杀菌效果。硫酸钙为无机陶瓷类载体,可负载抗生素,抑制骨折手术患者的炎症反应,促进骨愈合[7]。但目前关于胫腓骨开放性骨折患者手术方案的相关研究较少,外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响仍有待明确。本研究探讨了外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染及骨愈合的影响,以期为胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床治疗提供参考。
本研究为前瞻性对照研究。选取2017年6月-2020年6月海南医学院第一附属医院收治的83例胫腓骨开放性骨折患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)经临床影像学检查证实为胫腓骨开放性骨折;(2)单侧骨折,无重要神经血管受损;(3)骨折处未见明显感染,且骨折时间<12 h;(4)神志清楚,认知正常。排除标准:(1)存在病理性骨折;(2)合并严重脏器疾病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病等;(3)患有高钙血症;(4)伴有内外踝骨折、关节脱位;(5)患肢既往进行过手术治疗。采用投掷法将83例患者随机分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=42)。本研究经海南医学院第一附属医院医学伦理委员会审批通过(LC20172228),所有研究对象均签署知情同意书。
对照组采用外固定支架治疗:患者置于仰卧位,抬高患肢;全身麻醉后将骨折断端及其周围皮肤用生理盐水清洗3次,第1次清洗6 min以上,后两次则各5 min;清洗完毕常规备皮,对伤口进行清创,顺序为由浅至深、由外至内,彻底清除伤口中的血块、异物等,保留完整且未被污染的骨组织。彻底清创完毕后,常规消毒患肢,利用C形臂X线机对患肢进行轴向牵引,待骨折解剖复位成功后将交叉全针打入骨折端,将斯氏针打入较远端,安装连杆并拧紧各固定架,依据骨折断端实际情况进行螺纹半针固定,固定后给予外固定支架处理(图1A)。术毕常规抗感染治疗。
观察组采用外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗:外固定支架操作方法同上。术中将负载抗生素硫酸钙置入患者骨折断端,其中抗生素为万古霉素(华北制药华胜有限公司,国药准字H20173350)或庆大霉素(华中药业股份有限公司,国药准字H42021503),依据患者实际情况选择任一抗生素。将万古霉素与硫酸钙按1∶10比例进行配制,或6万单位庆大霉素与硫酸钙直接混合,配制成糊状后置入骨折断端(图1B),注意保护周围残余骨膜及软组织,以防灼伤,待其凝固后继续行外固定支架术。术后常规抗感染治疗。
骨折处无叩击痛及压痛;局部无异常活动;X线片示骨折部位存在连续性,骨折线模糊;支架拆除后不扶拐能够在平地连续行走30步以上且行走时间为3 min;骨折部位进行为期2周的观察未发现变形。
(1)比较两组一般资料。收集患者性别、年龄、骨折部位、骨折原因、Gustilo分型等一般资料。(2)比较两组骨愈合情况,指标包括完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间及骨愈合时间等。(3)比较两组膝关节功能。治疗前后,采用美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分[9]进行评估,共6个维度,总分100分,评分越高表明患者膝关节功能越好。(4)比较两组踝关节功能。治疗前后,采用美国矫形外科足踝协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足评分系统[10]评估,共9个维度,总分100分,评分越高表明患者踝关节功能越好。(5)比较两组术后并发症发生情况,包括伤口感染、畸形愈合、骨不连、肌力减退等。(6)比较两组生活质量。治疗前后,采用SF-36量表[11]进行评估,包括情感职能、躯体疼痛、精力、总体健康、精神健康、生理职能、生理机能、社会功能8个维度,每个维度满分100分,得分越高表明患者生活质量越高。
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用连续性χ2检验;计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
两组年龄、骨折部位、骨折原因等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
观察组完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间、骨愈合时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。
治疗前,两组HSS、AOFAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组HSS、AOFAS评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表3)。
两组畸形愈合、骨不连、肌力减退发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组伤口感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表4)。
治疗前,两组SF-36量表各维度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组SF-36量表各维度评分均高于治疗前,且观察组精力、总体健康、生理机能三个维度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表5)。
胫腓骨开放性骨折为骨科常见的骨折之一,患者症状多以局部肿胀、疼痛为主[12],其治疗原则主要为简捷、高效地进行骨固定以降低再损伤风险。外固定支架创伤小,固定简单,可对骨折断端的血运及骨膜形成保护,稳定骨折断端的长度与有效力线,有利于早期功能锻炼及骨痂生长,加速骨愈合[13]。陈星等[14]研究发现,与内固定治疗相比,胫骨开放性骨折采取外固定支架治疗效果更明显,可促进骨愈合。因此,外固定支架治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折具有重要临床价值,但开放性骨折极易出现感染、坏死,故预防感染为外固定支架治疗需重点关注的问题。董红等[15]研究发现,胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后感染发生率高达25%。当前众多学者认为,开放性骨折的治疗原则为及早进行彻底清创、牢固固定骨折及彻底修复创面,同时早期合理联合应用抗生素是预防感染的关键。但全身使用抗生素,其到达骨折处的药效浓度较低,预防效果不理想。
黄培镇等[16]研究发现,对胫腓骨开放性骨折患者骨折处进行局部抗生素治疗疗效显著。骨折处局部使用抗生素可明显增加骨折断端药物浓度,有利于提高抗感染效果。
负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗骨折为当前医务人员关注的热点之一。硫酸钙为无机陶瓷类载体,可负载抗生素,已成为骨移植替代品之一。本研究结果显示,观察组完全负重时间、肿胀消除时间、外固定支架拆除时间、骨愈合时间均短于对照组,表明相较于单纯外固定治疗,外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙有利于促进胫腓骨开放性骨折患者术后骨愈合。姜大伟[17]研究发现,四肢开放性骨折患者采取负载抗生素硫酸钙联合内固定治疗疗效更佳,安全性更高。有研究发现,庆大霉素、万古霉素等热稳定性较好的抗生素在骨折中应用效果良好[18-20]。本研究对伤口感染、畸形愈合、骨不连、肌力减退等并发症进行统计,结果显示,观察组伤口感染发生率低于对照组,但两组畸形愈合、骨不连、肌力减退发生率无明显差异,表明外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗可降低胫腓骨开放性骨折患者感染率,促进骨愈合。究其原因可能是负载抗生素硫酸钙增加了骨折局部的药物浓度,且硫酸钙具有完全降解功能,可维持局部抗菌效果,与外固定支架优势互补,进而有效降低了术后感染风险。骨不连是开放性胫腓骨骨折常见的并发症,本研究观察组未发现骨不连并发症者,一方面可能与本研究样本量较少有关,另一方面可能是在治疗时清创彻底,注意保护周围残余骨膜及软组织,同时外固定支架的创伤小,可保护组织血运,从而降低了骨不连的发生风险。
本研究对患者膝踝关节功能及术后生活质量进行了分析,发现观察组治疗后HSS、AOFAS评分高于对照组,进一步表明外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗可明显改善患者膝、踝关节功能。分析原因为:(1)硫酸钙属于抗生素载体,能够以患者实际情况为依据进行不同种类抗生素负载,形成有针对性的用药方案;(2)硫酸钙能够增加局部药效,减少全身抗生素使用,进而减轻药物的毒副作用;(3)硫酸钙能够完全降解,避免二次手术;(4)硫酸钙的空间填充及生物相容性较好,能够促进成骨[21-22]。王谦等[23]研究发现,胫腓骨开放性骨折患者因病情严重影响正常生活,加之治疗时程长、形象破坏等因素,导致患者生活质量下降。本研究中,观察组精力、总体健康、生理机能评分高于对照组,表明观察组的治疗方案更能改善患者生活质量。
综上所述,胫腓骨开放性骨折患者采用外固定支架联合负载抗生素硫酸钙治疗疗效较高,可明显降低术后感染发生率,加速骨愈合。但本研究样本量较小且未进行远期随访,在进行量表评分时部分患者可能存在主观因素的影响,一定程度上导致研究结果存在偏倚,后续仍需扩大样本量、严格控制干扰因素、完善胫腓骨开放性骨折手术方案进行深入研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81760260)
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2023年第48卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1404.2023.0213
  • 接收时间:2022-06-24
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-24
  • 录用日期:2022-07-23
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81760260)
国家自然科学基金(81760260)
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    海南医学院第一附属医院脊柱骨病外科,海南海口 570102
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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