Article(id=1200023161556267412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200023152219746543, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1834.2023.0307, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1662307200000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1667577600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-05, onlineDate=1764037417067, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1698422400000, pubDateStr=2023-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037417067, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037417067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037417067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200023152219746543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='10', pageStart='1115', pageEnd='1236', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764037414841, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038706792, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200028571126301693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200023152219746543, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200028571126301694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200023152219746543, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1122, endPage=1128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200023163108159905, articleId=1200023161556267412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Therapeutic effect and mechanism of angiopoietin 1 on choroidal neovascularization, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of rats. Methods A total of 30 Norwegian (BN) rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into three groups (n=10/group): normal group, model group, and Ang1 treatment group. The normal group was not processed, but the other two groups used multi-wavelength krypton laser to model the eyes of BN rats. We then performed fundus fluorescein angiography 14 days post-surgery. After confirming the success of the surgery, on the next day, the Ang1 treatment group received 200 μg/L Ang1 20 μl through vitreous cavity injection, while the other two groups received an equal volume of saline. After another 10-day, we performed Fundus fluorescein angiography examination, measured the CNV area through choroidal patching using FITC-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran) cardiac perfusion, and observed the retinal-choroidal structure changes of rats by Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining. We also detected the expression of Ang1, Rap1, GAPRap1, and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in the retinal-choroidal-sclera complex by Western blotting. Next, we cultured the rat choroidal vascular endothelial cells (RCVECs). When the cells were in the logarithmic growth phase, we stimulated these cells with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cultured them for 24 hours, and divided into negative control group (siRNA-NC group), GAPRap1-siRNA group and GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group. We further transfected cells with siRNA-NC (siRNA-NC group) or GAPRap1 small interfering RNA (GAPRap1-siRNA group and GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group). In the GAPGAPRap1 small interfering RNA transfected cells, 6 hours after transfection, we set aside some cells coculture with 200 μg/L Ang1 (GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group). After another 24 hours, we extracted and quantified the expression levels of GAPRap1, Rap1, and VE-cadherin by Western blotting. We detected the expression of VE-cadherin using immunofluorescence. Results Compared with normal group, in model group, the neovascular leakage area and choroidal damage degree significantly increased (P<0.01), the expression of GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin proteins significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the expression of Rap1 had no significant change (P>0.05). Compared with model group, in the Ang1 treatment group the neovascular leakage area and choroidal damage degree were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the expression of GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin proteins in the choroid and cells significantly increased (P<0.01), the expression of Rap1 had no statistical change (P>0.05). In choroidal tissue, the expression of Ang1 protein in Ang1 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.01). In the cell experiment, the expressions of GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin in GAPRap1-siRNA group were significantly lower than those in the GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group and the siRNA-NC group (P<0.01), while the expression of Rap1 had no significant change (P>0.05). The immunofluorescence results showed that the fluorescence of VE-cadherin in the GAPRap1-siRNA group was significantly lower than that in the GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group and siRNA-NC group (P<0.001). Conclusion Ang1 can reduce the leakage of choroidal neovascularization in rats, which has an inhibitory effect on CNV growth, and its mechanism may be related to the enhancement of cell adhesion through the GAPRap1-VE-cadherin pathway.

, correspAuthors=Xi-Yuan Zhou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探究血管生成素1(Ang1)对大鼠脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的治疗作用及其可能机制。方法 选取30只6~8周龄挪威(BN)大鼠,雌雄不限,随机分为正常组、模型组、Ang1治疗组,每组10只。正常组不做处理;其余两组采用多波长氪激光对BN大鼠双眼进行CNV造模,于造模后14 d进行眼底荧光素血管造影检查。造模成功后1 d,Ang1治疗组玻璃体腔注射200 μg/L的Ang1 20 μl,其余两组注射等量生理盐水;注药后10 d进行眼底荧光素血管造影检查,使用FITC标记葡聚糖(FITC-dextran)心脏灌注法进行脉络膜铺片测量CNV面积,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠视网膜-脉络膜结构变化;取大鼠视网膜-脉络膜-巩膜复合体,采用Western blotting检测Ang1、Rap1、小分子G蛋白Rap1(GAPRap1)、血管内皮-钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)的表达情况。取对数生长期大鼠脉络膜血管内皮细胞(RCVECs),用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)刺激培养24 h后,分为阴性对照组(siRNA-NC组)、GAPRap1小干扰RNA组(GAPRap1-siRNA组)、GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组。GAPRap1-siRNA组及GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组转染GAPRap1-siRNA试剂,siRNA-NC组细胞转染siRNA-NC试剂,转染6 h后,在GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组中加入200 μg/L Ang1,继续培养24 h后提取细胞蛋白,采用Western blotting检测细胞中GAPRap1、Rap1、VE-cadherin的表达情况,免疫荧光染色检测转染后细胞中VE-cadherin的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠新生血管渗漏面积、脉络膜损伤程度明显升高,脉络膜中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05),Rap1蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05);与模型组比较,Ang1治疗组大鼠新生血管渗漏面积、脉络膜损伤程度明显降低,脉络膜与细胞中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达明显升高(均为P<0.01),Rap1蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05)。脉络膜组织中,Ang1蛋白在Ang1治疗组的表达明显高于其余两组(P<0.01)。细胞实验中,GAPRap1-siRNA组GAPRap1与VE-cadherin的表达水平较GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组及siRNA NC组明显降低(P<0.01),而Rap1表达无明显变化(P>0.05)。免疫荧光染色检测结果显示,GAPRap1-siRNA组VE-cadherin表达水平较GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组及siRNA NC组明显降低(P<0.001)。结论 Ang1可减少大鼠CNV的渗漏,对CNV生长具有一定抑制作用,其机制可能与通过GAPRap1-VE-cadherin途径加强细胞黏附作用有关。

, correspAuthors=周希瑗, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周希瑗,E-mail:
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徐欢,硕士研究生,主要从事视网膜脉络膜等疾病的相关研究

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徐欢,硕士研究生,主要从事视网膜脉络膜等疾病的相关研究

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Angiogenic sprouting requires the fine tuning of endothelial cell cohesion by the Raf-1/Rok-α complex[J]. Dev Cell, 2012, 22(1): 158-171., articleTitle=Angiogenic sprouting requires the fine tuning of endothelial cell cohesion by the Raf-1/Rok-α complex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200061236252602832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=28, issue=18, pageStart=5803, pageEnd=5810, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Yan J, Li F, Ingram DA, journalName=Mol Cell Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan J, Li F, Ingram DA, et al. Rap1a is a key regulator of fibroblast growth factor 2-induced angiogenesis and together with Rap1b controls human endothelial cell functions[J]. 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Ang1. 血管生成素1

, figureFileSmall=7Qo3ZoVMBKXlle8HbgAk7w==, figureFileBig=0i/80D3HL6rQFRdbKQioug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061229961146763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Choroidal patches and the area of choroidal neovascular leakage in rats of model group and Ang1 treatment group (n=12), figureFileSmall=6ThwrjV+ejqo0TByh5auhw==, figureFileBig=kfaMYMazT9NJPjHfY+2bcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230137307533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=CN, label=图2, caption=模型组与Ang1治疗组大鼠脉络膜铺片及CNV渗漏面积(n=12)

Ang1. 血管生成素1;CNV. 脉络膜新生血管;与模型组比较,(1)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=6ThwrjV+ejqo0TByh5auhw==, figureFileBig=kfaMYMazT9NJPjHfY+2bcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230242165134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Structural damage degree of retina and choroid of rats in each group (HE ×400), figureFileSmall=G8TOOTBiiGQa7BReUTwbdQ==, figureFileBig=Wm1YK85XjV8H9/F/K/omDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230351217040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠视网膜脉络膜结构损伤程度观察(HE ×400)

Ang1. 血管生成素1

, figureFileSmall=G8TOOTBiiGQa7BReUTwbdQ==, figureFileBig=Wm1YK85XjV8H9/F/K/omDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230435103122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Expression levels of Rap1, GAPRap1, VE-cadherin and Ang1 proteins in retina and choroidal tissues of rats in each group (n=3), figureFileSmall=msCYL4nbRW0CIJ6xGhEQPg==, figureFileBig=x/EwZ5GKhijMNlrjLqhEhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230539960724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠视网膜-脉络膜组织中Rap1、GAPRap1、VE-cadherin、Ang1蛋白表达比较(n=3)

Ang1. 血管生成素1;与正常组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=msCYL4nbRW0CIJ6xGhEQPg==, figureFileBig=x/EwZ5GKhijMNlrjLqhEhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230711927191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Expression of Rap1, GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin in RCVECs of rats after GAPRap1 interference in each group (n=3), figureFileSmall=RCy4wvgtwSyQ4eMPuLUc/g==, figureFileBig=tHG+VHC1g3iGj20hQc3hNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061230879699353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023161556267412, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组干扰GAPRap1后大鼠RCVECs细胞中Rap1、GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达比较 (n=3)

RCVESs. 大鼠脉络膜血管内皮细胞;与siRNA-NC组比较,(1)P<0.01;与GAPRap1-siRNA组比较,(2)P<0.01

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RCVESs. 大鼠脉络膜血管内皮细胞;与siRNA-NC组比较,(1)P<0.001;与GAPRap1-siRNA组比较,(2)P<0.001

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血管生成素1对大鼠脉络膜新生血管的治疗作用及其初步机制
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徐欢 , 姚浩 , 雷武龙 , 周希瑗 *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(10): 1122-1128
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(10): 1122-1128
血管生成素1对大鼠脉络膜新生血管的治疗作用及其初步机制
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徐欢, 姚浩, 雷武龙, 周希瑗*
作者信息
  • 重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科/眼科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400010
  • 徐欢,硕士研究生,主要从事视网膜脉络膜等疾病的相关研究

通讯作者:

周希瑗,E-mail:
Therapeutic effect and mechanism of angiopoietin 1 on choroidal neovascularization
Huan Xu, Hao Yao, Wu-Long Lei, Xi-Yuan Zhou*
Affiliations
  • Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing 400010, China
出版时间: 2023-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1834.2023.0307
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目的 探究血管生成素1(Ang1)对大鼠脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的治疗作用及其可能机制。方法 选取30只6~8周龄挪威(BN)大鼠,雌雄不限,随机分为正常组、模型组、Ang1治疗组,每组10只。正常组不做处理;其余两组采用多波长氪激光对BN大鼠双眼进行CNV造模,于造模后14 d进行眼底荧光素血管造影检查。造模成功后1 d,Ang1治疗组玻璃体腔注射200 μg/L的Ang1 20 μl,其余两组注射等量生理盐水;注药后10 d进行眼底荧光素血管造影检查,使用FITC标记葡聚糖(FITC-dextran)心脏灌注法进行脉络膜铺片测量CNV面积,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠视网膜-脉络膜结构变化;取大鼠视网膜-脉络膜-巩膜复合体,采用Western blotting检测Ang1、Rap1、小分子G蛋白Rap1(GAPRap1)、血管内皮-钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)的表达情况。取对数生长期大鼠脉络膜血管内皮细胞(RCVECs),用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)刺激培养24 h后,分为阴性对照组(siRNA-NC组)、GAPRap1小干扰RNA组(GAPRap1-siRNA组)、GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组。GAPRap1-siRNA组及GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组转染GAPRap1-siRNA试剂,siRNA-NC组细胞转染siRNA-NC试剂,转染6 h后,在GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组中加入200 μg/L Ang1,继续培养24 h后提取细胞蛋白,采用Western blotting检测细胞中GAPRap1、Rap1、VE-cadherin的表达情况,免疫荧光染色检测转染后细胞中VE-cadherin的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠新生血管渗漏面积、脉络膜损伤程度明显升高,脉络膜中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05),Rap1蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05);与模型组比较,Ang1治疗组大鼠新生血管渗漏面积、脉络膜损伤程度明显降低,脉络膜与细胞中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达明显升高(均为P<0.01),Rap1蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05)。脉络膜组织中,Ang1蛋白在Ang1治疗组的表达明显高于其余两组(P<0.01)。细胞实验中,GAPRap1-siRNA组GAPRap1与VE-cadherin的表达水平较GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组及siRNA NC组明显降低(P<0.01),而Rap1表达无明显变化(P>0.05)。免疫荧光染色检测结果显示,GAPRap1-siRNA组VE-cadherin表达水平较GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组及siRNA NC组明显降低(P<0.001)。结论 Ang1可减少大鼠CNV的渗漏,对CNV生长具有一定抑制作用,其机制可能与通过GAPRap1-VE-cadherin途径加强细胞黏附作用有关。

血管生成素1  /  脉络膜新生血管  /  小分子G蛋白Rap1  /  VE-钙黏蛋白

Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of rats. Methods A total of 30 Norwegian (BN) rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into three groups (n=10/group): normal group, model group, and Ang1 treatment group. The normal group was not processed, but the other two groups used multi-wavelength krypton laser to model the eyes of BN rats. We then performed fundus fluorescein angiography 14 days post-surgery. After confirming the success of the surgery, on the next day, the Ang1 treatment group received 200 μg/L Ang1 20 μl through vitreous cavity injection, while the other two groups received an equal volume of saline. After another 10-day, we performed Fundus fluorescein angiography examination, measured the CNV area through choroidal patching using FITC-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran) cardiac perfusion, and observed the retinal-choroidal structure changes of rats by Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining. We also detected the expression of Ang1, Rap1, GAPRap1, and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in the retinal-choroidal-sclera complex by Western blotting. Next, we cultured the rat choroidal vascular endothelial cells (RCVECs). When the cells were in the logarithmic growth phase, we stimulated these cells with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cultured them for 24 hours, and divided into negative control group (siRNA-NC group), GAPRap1-siRNA group and GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group. We further transfected cells with siRNA-NC (siRNA-NC group) or GAPRap1 small interfering RNA (GAPRap1-siRNA group and GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group). In the GAPGAPRap1 small interfering RNA transfected cells, 6 hours after transfection, we set aside some cells coculture with 200 μg/L Ang1 (GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group). After another 24 hours, we extracted and quantified the expression levels of GAPRap1, Rap1, and VE-cadherin by Western blotting. We detected the expression of VE-cadherin using immunofluorescence. Results Compared with normal group, in model group, the neovascular leakage area and choroidal damage degree significantly increased (P<0.01), the expression of GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin proteins significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the expression of Rap1 had no significant change (P>0.05). Compared with model group, in the Ang1 treatment group the neovascular leakage area and choroidal damage degree were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the expression of GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin proteins in the choroid and cells significantly increased (P<0.01), the expression of Rap1 had no statistical change (P>0.05). In choroidal tissue, the expression of Ang1 protein in Ang1 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.01). In the cell experiment, the expressions of GAPRap1 and VE-cadherin in GAPRap1-siRNA group were significantly lower than those in the GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group and the siRNA-NC group (P<0.01), while the expression of Rap1 had no significant change (P>0.05). The immunofluorescence results showed that the fluorescence of VE-cadherin in the GAPRap1-siRNA group was significantly lower than that in the GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1 group and siRNA-NC group (P<0.001). Conclusion Ang1 can reduce the leakage of choroidal neovascularization in rats, which has an inhibitory effect on CNV growth, and its mechanism may be related to the enhancement of cell adhesion through the GAPRap1-VE-cadherin pathway.

angiopoietin 1  /  choroidal neovascularization  /  GAPRap1  /  VE-cadherin
徐欢, 姚浩, 雷武龙, 周希瑗. 血管生成素1对大鼠脉络膜新生血管的治疗作用及其初步机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (10) : 1122 -1128 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1834.2023.0307
Huan Xu, Hao Yao, Wu-Long Lei, Xi-Yuan Zhou. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of angiopoietin 1 on choroidal neovascularization[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (10) : 1122 -1128 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1834.2023.0307
老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是老年致盲的主要疾病,而脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)是AMD患者发生不可逆视觉障碍的主要原因[1-5],且发病因素较复杂[6-7]。抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是CNV治疗的主要方式,但有部分患者对抗VEGF治疗应答不明显[8-10]。目前非甾体抗炎药(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)、二甲双胍、激素治疗(hormone therapy,HT)及年龄相关眼病补充剂(age related eye disease supplements,AREDS)等药物已被证实在AMD的治疗中具有一定作用[11-13]。血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)在血管形成、重塑、成熟及维持中起重要作用[14-15],酪氨酸激酶-2(tyrosine kinase-2,Tie-2)/Ang通路调节可作为视网膜疾病的治疗策略[16]。Ang是一族分泌型的生长因子,在血管重塑、胚胎血管发育、血管生成等过程中起着重要作用。有研究证实,Ang2与VEGF合作并通过破坏现有血管的稳定来启动血管生成,引发血管的重新塑型及内膜去稳定作用[17-18]。而Ang1在病理性血管生成中起保护作用,使新生血管趋于表现出静止的成熟血管表型,具有调节内皮之间、内皮-基质之间相互作用的功能;Ang1还能稳定内皮细胞(endothelial cells,EC)并促进其生长、抑制其凋亡[19-20]。Ang1作用于血管内皮-钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin),其作用是通过rap1或小分子G蛋白rap1进行调节的,关于Ang1在CNV治疗过程中的作用机制尚待进一步明确。本研究采用多波长氪激光建立大鼠CNV模型,并通过玻璃体腔注射Ang1来评估Ang1对CNV的治疗效果,探讨Ang1在CNV治疗中的作用机制,旨在为临床治疗CNV提供理论依据。
30只6~8周龄SPF级挪威(BN)大鼠,体重(180±30) g,雌雄不限,购于重庆医科大学动物中心,饲养于本校动物中心实验室。将30只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、Ang1治疗组,每组10只。实验过程中对动物的各种处理均遵照中华人民共和国科技部2006年颁布的《关于善待实验动物的指导性意见》中有关动物的使用及伦理学规定。
多波长氪激光仪(美国Lumenis公司),Western blotting仪(美国Bio-Rad公司),石蜡切片机、倒置显微镜、正置显微镜(德国Leica公司)。Ang1(中国义翘神州科技有限公司),苏木精-伊红(HE)染色试剂盒、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)试剂盒、Anti-Rap1抗体、Anti-小分子G蛋白Rap1(GAPRap1)抗体、TBS、HRP-羊抗鼠IgG(武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司),VE-cadherin多克隆抗体(苏州百远生物公司),Anti-Ang1(杭州华安生物技术有限公司),HRP-羊抗兔IgG(中国武汉博士德生物工程有限公司),特超敏ECL化学发光试剂盒(中国大连美仑生物技术有限公司),荧光素钠注射液(美国爱尔康公司),FITC标记葡聚糖(FITC-dextran)(中国西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司),多聚甲醛(中国兰杰柯科技有限公司),大鼠脉络膜血管内皮细胞(rat choroid vascular endothelial cells,RCVECs,中国北纳创联生物科技有限公司),LipofectamineTM 8000转染试剂盒(中国碧云天生物技术有限公司),GAPRap1-SiRNA试剂盒(中国擎科生物技术有限公司)。
30只挪威大鼠中随机取20只造模。造模方法:大鼠麻醉后采用复方托比卡胺眼液散瞳,双眼用盖玻片压平后,找到视盘,以视盘为中心的2PD(视盘直径)范围为使用波长532 nm的氪激光(功率140 mW,直径100 μm,曝光时间0.07 s)光凝7个点,以气泡产生为标志表示Bruch膜破裂,造模成功。
造模成功后第1天,各组大鼠完全麻醉后,在其结膜囊滴用盐酸丙美卡因进行眼部表面麻醉,Ang1治疗组大鼠玻璃体腔注射20 μl Ang1(200 μg/L),模型组在同一时间注射等量生理盐水,正常组不予任何处理。
玻璃体腔注药后10 d,对各组大鼠进行麻醉,暴露心脏,用生理盐水注入右心室,将体内血液从右心房排净后,注射4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,再灌注FITC-dextran溶液,直至大鼠双唇及四肢出现荧光黄。取下眼球,剔除前节组织及玻璃体,小心取出视网膜-脉络膜-巩膜复合体进行铺片。通过荧光渗漏点大小测量CNV渗漏面积。
各组玻璃体腔注药10 d后随机抽取2只大鼠,取其眼球进行石蜡切片,并选取视网膜及脉络膜结构完整连续的石蜡切片,放入60 ℃恒温箱中烤片20 min;使用二甲苯液脱蜡,使用体积分数75%、95%、100%的乙醇梯度脱水;漂洗后使用苏木精染色5 min,再次漂洗后使用1%盐酸乙醇分化10 s,再用氨水返蓝15 s;继续使用蒸馏水漂洗3次,伊红染色5 min,蒸馏水漂洗3次;中性树脂封片并在显微镜下观察脉络膜结构的损伤程度。
SDS裂解法提取大鼠眼球视网膜-脉络膜-巩膜复合体及细胞总蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白浓度,煮沸15 min后,取20 μg样品进行SDS-PAGE电泳,转PVDF膜,用快速封闭液封闭15 min,加入Rap1、GAPRap1、VE-cadherin及内参β-actin一抗(稀释比例1∶1000) 4 ℃过夜,TBST洗膜3次,加入二抗(稀释比例1∶5000),室温孵育2 h,TBST洗膜3次,超敏ECL显色液曝光显影。以目的蛋白与内参蛋白条带灰度值的比值表示蛋白相对表达水平。实验重复3次。
取对数生长期的RCVECs细胞接种于6孔板(2×105个/孔)。加入20 μmol/L VEGF后于37 ℃、5%CO2条件下培养24 h,待细胞融合至70%时按照转染试剂操作说明进行细胞转染,设置阴性对照组(siRNA-NC组,转染siRNA-NC)、GAPRap1-siRNA组(转染GAPRap1 siRNA)及GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组(转染GAPRap1 siRNA),转染后培养6 h,吸出培养基,3组均加入完全培养基,GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组加入200 μmol/L的Ang1继续培养细胞24 h,提取蛋白进行Western blotting实验。实验重复3次。
将RCVECs接种于24孔板(5×104个/孔)的细胞爬片上,按“1.4.1”的方法对细胞进行转染并加药。培养后对爬片上的细胞用PBS洗涤3次,4%多聚甲醛溶液固定20 min,山羊血清溶液封闭30 min,VE-cadherin抗体(1∶200) 4 ℃过夜,山羊抗兔Alexa Fluor R488染料(1∶400)室温孵育1 h,DAPI(1 μg/ml)染色核3 min,PBS清洗3次,防淬灭封片液封片,在荧光显微镜下观察并拍照。
采用SPSS 25.0、Image J软件进行统计学分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
BN大鼠造模后14 d眼底荧光素血管造影可见激光斑形成,提示造模成功(图1)。FITC-dextran心脏灌注结果显示,与模型组比较,Ang1治疗组大鼠CNV渗漏面积明显减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图2)。
正常组大鼠视网膜、脉络膜结构完整、清晰;模型组大鼠视网膜、Bruch膜及RPE层结构紊乱,内、外核层处可见组织构造不连续,并可见异常增生的细胞突破脉络膜血管网基底膜。Ang1治疗组大鼠视网膜、脉络膜损伤面积及程度较模型组明显减小(图3)。
Ang1治疗组Ang1蛋白表达水平高于其他两组(P<0.05);3组Rap1蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠视网膜-脉络膜中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,Ang1治疗组大鼠视网膜-脉络膜中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显增高(P<0.05,图4)。
在沉默GAPRap1后,GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组的GAPRap1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达较GAPRap1-siRNA组明显增加(P<0.01),但3组Rap1蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图5)。
免疫荧光检测结果显示,在GAPRap1干扰后,GAPRap1-siRNA+Ang1组的VE-cadherin蛋白荧光强度较GAPRap1-siRNA组明显增加(P<0.01,图6)。
CNV是湿性老年性黄斑病变(wet age-related macular degeneration,wAMD)晚期最严重的症状之一,如不及时治疗还会不断加重,给视力造成不可逆的损害[2,6]。目前CNV的治疗方法主要是抗VEGF治疗,但临床上发现有部分患者抗VEGF治疗无效,很多眼科专家也在研究新的药物或治疗靶点,目前也有一些公司在研究双抗药物,可以双途径阻断CNV的发生发展,但仍没有具体的药物应用于临床[21]。Ang1可通过稳定血管内皮细胞而减少血管渗漏,促进未成熟血管成熟[22-23]。此外,Ang1还可通过吸引血管周细胞及内皮平滑肌细胞聚集并相互作用,增强血管内皮细胞间连接,从而有利于维持血管壁完整,具有稳定血管、防止血管渗漏的作用[24],与本研究结果一致。本研究采用激光建立CNV模型成功后,玻璃体腔注射Ang1后脉络膜铺片可见脉络膜血管渗漏较模型组减少,HE染色可见模型组大鼠视网膜、Bruch膜及RPE层结构紊乱,内、外核层处可见组织构造不连续,并可见异常增生的细胞突破脉络膜血管网基底膜,Ang1治疗组大鼠视网膜、脉络膜损伤面积及程度较模型组明显减小。
体外研究证实,GAPRap1活性受鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(guanine nucleotide exchange factor,GEF)与GTPase激活蛋白(GTPase activating protein,GAPs)的时空调节,且是多种细胞(包括内皮细胞)中细胞-基质及细胞-细胞黏附的重要调节剂[25-26]。在内皮细胞中,GTP结合的Rap1可通过微调血管通透性来调节血管生成与内皮屏障[27-28]。Rap1在Ang1刺激后被激活,且是Ang1对单层内皮细胞发挥抗渗透作用所必需的。在CNV的治疗中,已有实验证实活化的Rap1(GAPRap1)在CNV中的表达明显降低,而Rap1的表达无明显变化[29-30]。基于过去的研究,本实验主要研究在Ang1治疗CNV的过程中GAPRap1是否作为下游因子调控VE-cadherin的表达。Western blotting检测结果证实,Ang1治疗组大鼠脉络膜组织中GAPRap1、VE-cadherin的表达较模型组明显增加。细胞实验证实Ang1可在rap1GTP结合状态下激活Rap1,从而诱导血-视网膜屏障信号通路的激活,表明GAPRap1(一种抑制Rap1活性的GTPase激活蛋白)的过度表达阻断了内皮细胞的血管生成发芽及成管活性[25,31]。本实验证实,在Ang1治疗CNV的过程中,GAPRap1与VE-cadherin对于调节黏附连接组装及内皮通透性的动力学至关重要,且Ang1刺激在血管生成发芽期间诱导这两种蛋白质之间的合作,揭示了GAPRap1在Ang1抑制大鼠CNV生成及渗漏中的作用。
综上所述,Ang1对大鼠CNV的渗漏有抑制作用,其作用机制可能是Ang1激活下游因子Rap1,GAPRap1促进大鼠CNV中VE-cadherin的生成,使血管黏附紧密,从而减少血管渗漏,抑制新生血管的继续生长。但是对于激活GAP后,下游是否存在其他蛋白因子改变还需进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070976)
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2023年第48卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1834.2023.0307
  • 接收时间:2022-09-05
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-05
  • 录用日期:2022-11-05
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General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070976)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070976)
作者信息
    重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科/眼科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400010

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周希瑗,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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