Article(id=1200023158980969052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200023152219746543, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1861.2023.0427, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1662393600000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1670256000000, acceptedDateStr=2022-12-06, onlineDate=1764037416453, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1698422400000, pubDateStr=2023-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037416453, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037416453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037416453, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200023152219746543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='10', pageStart='1115', pageEnd='1236', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1764037414841, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764038706792, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200028571126301693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200023152219746543, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200028571126301694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1200023152219746543, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1174, endPage=1179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200023159362650727, articleId=1200023158980969052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole in children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection and its potential mechanisms, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effect and potential mechanism of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole in children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection. Methods The clinical data of 58 children, who used voriconazole for treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infection in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2013 to September 2021, were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including demographic information, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The CYP2C19 genotype of children was detected by gene chip method, and the blood drug concentration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. According to the drug concentration, the children were divided into low concentration group and normal concentration group. The difference of blood drug concentration in patients with different genotypes was compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors affecting the blood concentration of voriconazole in children. Results Four of the 58 children refused to make gene test, the rest 54 patients including 35 males and 19 females; Among the six CYP2C19 genotypes, most children were with *1/*1 (636 GG, 681 GG) genotype (30 cases); The others were *1/*2 (636 GG, 681 GA) genotype (20 cases), *1/*3 (636 GA, 681 GG) genotype (2 cases), and *2/*3 (636 GA, 681 GA) genotype (2 cases), children without *2/*2 (636 GG, 681 AA) genotype and *3/*3 (636 AA, 681 GG) genotype. Among the gene phenotypes, extensive metabolizer type was the highest (30 cases), followed by intermediate metabolizer type and poor metabolizer type (22 cases and 2 cases, respectively). The frequency of allele CYP2C19*1 was the highest (82 cases), followed by the allele CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 (22 cases and 4 cases, respectively). Genotype and allele were significantly correlated with voriconazole minimum concentration. Compared with intermediate metabolizer and poor metabolizer, extensive metabolizer significantly reduced voriconazole minimum concentration. Compared with CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles, CYP2C19*1 allele significantly reduced the concentration of voriconazole. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that BMI, CRP, IL-6 and genotype can significantly affect the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole. Conclusions The genotype of CYP2C19 is mainly *1/*1 (636 GG, 681 GG), the extensive metabolizer genotype is the most, and the allele of CYP2C19*1 is the most common. Inflammatory factors, BMI and genotype significantly affected voriconazole metabolism.

, correspAuthors=De-Hui Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探究CYP2C19基因多态性对肺部侵袭性真菌感染患儿伏立康唑血药谷浓度的影响及其潜在机制。方法 收集2013年9月-2021年9月广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科收治的因治疗和预防侵袭性真菌感染使用过伏立康唑的58例患儿的临床资料[包括基本信息,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平]进行回顾性分析。抽取患儿外周血,使用基因芯片法检测CYP2C19基因型,高效液相色谱法检测血药浓度。根据药物浓度将患儿分为低浓度组和正常浓度组。比较不同血药浓度患儿基因型的差异;采用二元logistics回归分析影响患儿伏立康唑血药浓度的因素。结果 58例患儿中4例拒绝行CYP2C19基因型检测,共检测54例,其中男35例,女19例。在6种CYP2C19基因型中,*1/*1(636 GG,681 GG)基因型患儿最多(30例),其余依次为*1/*2(636 GG,681 GA)基因型(20例)、*1/*3(636 GA,681 GG)基因型(2例)和*2/*3(636 GA,681 GA)基因型(2例),无*2/*2(636 GG,681 AA)基因型和*3/*3(636 AA,681 GG)基因型患儿。基因表型中快代谢型最多,30例;其次为中代谢型和慢代谢型,分别为22例和2例。等位基因CYP2C19*1的频率最高(82例),其次为CYP2C19*2CYP2C19*3(分别o 22例和4例)。基因型和等位基因与伏立康唑药谷浓度明显相关,与中、慢代谢型表型比较,快代谢型表型可明显降低伏立康唑的血药谷浓度。与CYP2C19*2CYP2C19*3等位基因比较,CYP2C19*1等位基因可明显降低伏立康唑药物浓度。二元logistics回归分析结果显示,BMI、CRP、IL-6和基因型可明显影响伏立康唑血药谷浓度。结论 CYP2C19基因型以*1/*1(636 GG,681 GG)基因型为主,表型以快代谢型最多,等位基因以CYP2C19*1最常见。炎性因子、BMI和基因型可明显影响伏立康唑的药物代谢。

, correspAuthors=陈德晖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈德晖,E-mail:
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杨森,医学硕士,住院医师,主要从事儿童呼吸系统疾病方面的研究

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杨森,医学硕士,住院医师,主要从事儿童呼吸系统疾病方面的研究

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Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2017, 102(1): 45-51., articleTitle=Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium (CPIC) guidelines for CYP2C19 and voriconazole therapy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200061232595173747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, awardId=81770063, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770063), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200061232662282614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, awardId=81770063, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81770063), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200061232750363001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, awardId=202102010343, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic and Applied Research Foundation of Guangdong Province Zhong Nan-Shan Medical Foundation(202102010343), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200061233945739644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, awardId=202102010343, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省钟南山医学基金会基础与应用基础研究联合资助项目(202102010343), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200061225469051055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200061225481633968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, companyId=1200061225469051055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200061225502605489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, companyId=1200061225469051055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科,广东广州 510120)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200061225594880181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200061225603268790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, companyId=1200061225594880181, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200061225607463095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, companyId=1200061225594880181, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广州医科大学附属第一医院检验科,广东广州 510120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200061231156527442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chip color rendering mode of different genotypes and phenotypes, figureFileSmall=VfBmwH+1EeuNEQTXItjDxw==, figureFileBig=JjqDuTX9FLspAMXKdEfINg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061231269773653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同基因型及表型的芯片显色模式

EM. 快代谢型;IM. 中代谢型;PM. 慢代谢型

, figureFileSmall=VfBmwH+1EeuNEQTXItjDxw==, figureFileBig=JjqDuTX9FLspAMXKdEfINg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200061231412379991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Inflammatory indicators and drug minimum concentration of included children with invasive fungal infections in lungs [M(Q1, Q3)]

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指标低浓度组(n=40)正常浓度组(n=14)P
GGT(U/L)20.55(12.9, 52.35)21.42(11.5, 51.84)0.758
ALT(U/L)18.85(14.1, 28.7)20.51(14.8, 29.2)0.792
Cr(μmol/L)53.82(32.14, 69.02)49.65(30.01, 71.49)0.838
CRP(mg/dl)17.64(0.04, 4.25)19.72(0.08, 5.04)0.042
IL-6(μg/dl)53.38(30.29, 72.62)30.72(18.20, 58.19)0.017
伏立康唑药谷浓度(μg/ml)0.28(0.26, 0.32)0.50(0.37, 0.78)0.031
), ArticleFig(id=1200061231529820507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患儿炎症指标及药谷浓度比较[M(Q1, Q3)]

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指标低浓度组(n=40)正常浓度组(n=14)P
GGT(U/L)20.55(12.9, 52.35)21.42(11.5, 51.84)0.758
ALT(U/L)18.85(14.1, 28.7)20.51(14.8, 29.2)0.792
Cr(μmol/L)53.82(32.14, 69.02)49.65(30.01, 71.49)0.838
CRP(mg/dl)17.64(0.04, 4.25)19.72(0.08, 5.04)0.042
IL-6(μg/dl)53.38(30.29, 72.62)30.72(18.20, 58.19)0.017
伏立康唑药谷浓度(μg/ml)0.28(0.26, 0.32)0.50(0.37, 0.78)0.031
), ArticleFig(id=1200061231773090143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Distribution of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in different drug concentrations

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基因型/表型低浓度组(例)正常浓度组(例)χ2P
CYP2C19*1/*1/EM(参考值)(n=30)2557.8020.004
CYP2C19*1/*2/IM(n=20)1461.2430.311
CYP2C19*1/*3/IM(n=2)111.3680.345
CYP2C19*2/*3/PM(n=2)0(1)2(1)7.6190.006
), ArticleFig(id=1200061231932473698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CYP2C19基因多态性在不同药物浓度患儿中的分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因型/表型低浓度组(例)正常浓度组(例)χ2P
CYP2C19*1/*1/EM(参考值)(n=30)2557.8020.004
CYP2C19*1/*2/IM(n=20)1461.2430.311
CYP2C19*1/*3/IM(n=2)111.3680.345
CYP2C19*2/*3/PM(n=2)0(1)2(1)7.6190.006
), ArticleFig(id=1200061232020554086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Distribution of CYP2C19 allele in different drug concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等位基因低浓度组(例)正常浓度组(例)χ2P
CYP2C19*1(参考值)65176.0830.034
CYP2C19*214(1)8(1)6.7820.026
CYP2C19*3130.9930.385
), ArticleFig(id=1200061232121217385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CYP2C19等位基因在不同药物浓度患儿中的分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等位基因低浓度组(例)正常浓度组(例)χ2P
CYP2C19*1(参考值)65176.0830.034
CYP2C19*214(1)8(1)6.7820.026
CYP2C19*3130.9930.385
), ArticleFig(id=1200061232280600940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Analysis of the related factors affecting the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βOR(95%CI)P
年龄01(0.763~1.312)0.997
ALT01(0.864~1.473)0.982
Cr01(0.963~1.631)0.893
BMI0.2861.332(1.030~1.721)0.029
CRP0.2561.291(1.045~1.595)0.018
IL-6-0.3440.709(0.508~0.991)0.044
基因型-1.4270.240(0.064~0.902)0.035
), ArticleFig(id=1200061232398041454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1200023158980969052, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

影响伏立康唑血药谷浓度的相关因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βOR(95%CI)P
年龄01(0.763~1.312)0.997
ALT01(0.864~1.473)0.982
Cr01(0.963~1.631)0.893
BMI0.2861.332(1.030~1.721)0.029
CRP0.2561.291(1.045~1.595)0.018
IL-6-0.3440.709(0.508~0.991)0.044
基因型-1.4270.240(0.064~0.902)0.035
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CYP2C19基因多态性对肺部侵袭性真菌感染患儿伏立康唑血药谷浓度的影响及其潜在机制
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杨森 1 , 吴上志 1 , 黄展航 1 , 林育能 1 , 陈晓雯 1 , 谭锦莉 2 , 徐清云 1 , 卢成瑜 1 , 陈德晖 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(10): 1174-1179
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(10): 1174-1179
CYP2C19基因多态性对肺部侵袭性真菌感染患儿伏立康唑血药谷浓度的影响及其潜在机制
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杨森1, 吴上志1, 黄展航1, 林育能1, 陈晓雯1, 谭锦莉2, 徐清云1, 卢成瑜1, 陈德晖1, *
作者信息
  • 1广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科,广东广州 510120
  • 2广州医科大学附属第一医院检验科,广东广州 510120
  • 杨森,医学硕士,住院医师,主要从事儿童呼吸系统疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈德晖,E-mail:
Effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole in children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection and its potential mechanisms
Sen Yang1, Shang-Zhi Wu1, Zhan-Hang Huang1, Yu-Neng Lin1, Xiao-Wen Chen1, Jin-Li Tan2, Qing-Yun Xu1, Cheng-Yu Lu1, De-Hui Chen1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
  • 2Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
出版时间: 2023-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1861.2023.0427
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目的 探究CYP2C19基因多态性对肺部侵袭性真菌感染患儿伏立康唑血药谷浓度的影响及其潜在机制。方法 收集2013年9月-2021年9月广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科收治的因治疗和预防侵袭性真菌感染使用过伏立康唑的58例患儿的临床资料[包括基本信息,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平]进行回顾性分析。抽取患儿外周血,使用基因芯片法检测CYP2C19基因型,高效液相色谱法检测血药浓度。根据药物浓度将患儿分为低浓度组和正常浓度组。比较不同血药浓度患儿基因型的差异;采用二元logistics回归分析影响患儿伏立康唑血药浓度的因素。结果 58例患儿中4例拒绝行CYP2C19基因型检测,共检测54例,其中男35例,女19例。在6种CYP2C19基因型中,*1/*1(636 GG,681 GG)基因型患儿最多(30例),其余依次为*1/*2(636 GG,681 GA)基因型(20例)、*1/*3(636 GA,681 GG)基因型(2例)和*2/*3(636 GA,681 GA)基因型(2例),无*2/*2(636 GG,681 AA)基因型和*3/*3(636 AA,681 GG)基因型患儿。基因表型中快代谢型最多,30例;其次为中代谢型和慢代谢型,分别为22例和2例。等位基因CYP2C19*1的频率最高(82例),其次为CYP2C19*2CYP2C19*3(分别o 22例和4例)。基因型和等位基因与伏立康唑药谷浓度明显相关,与中、慢代谢型表型比较,快代谢型表型可明显降低伏立康唑的血药谷浓度。与CYP2C19*2CYP2C19*3等位基因比较,CYP2C19*1等位基因可明显降低伏立康唑药物浓度。二元logistics回归分析结果显示,BMI、CRP、IL-6和基因型可明显影响伏立康唑血药谷浓度。结论 CYP2C19基因型以*1/*1(636 GG,681 GG)基因型为主,表型以快代谢型最多,等位基因以CYP2C19*1最常见。炎性因子、BMI和基因型可明显影响伏立康唑的药物代谢。

基因,CYP2C19  /  多态性  /  伏立康唑  /  血药谷浓度

Objective To explore the effect and potential mechanism of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole in children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection. Methods The clinical data of 58 children, who used voriconazole for treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infection in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2013 to September 2021, were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including demographic information, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The CYP2C19 genotype of children was detected by gene chip method, and the blood drug concentration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. According to the drug concentration, the children were divided into low concentration group and normal concentration group. The difference of blood drug concentration in patients with different genotypes was compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors affecting the blood concentration of voriconazole in children. Results Four of the 58 children refused to make gene test, the rest 54 patients including 35 males and 19 females; Among the six CYP2C19 genotypes, most children were with *1/*1 (636 GG, 681 GG) genotype (30 cases); The others were *1/*2 (636 GG, 681 GA) genotype (20 cases), *1/*3 (636 GA, 681 GG) genotype (2 cases), and *2/*3 (636 GA, 681 GA) genotype (2 cases), children without *2/*2 (636 GG, 681 AA) genotype and *3/*3 (636 AA, 681 GG) genotype. Among the gene phenotypes, extensive metabolizer type was the highest (30 cases), followed by intermediate metabolizer type and poor metabolizer type (22 cases and 2 cases, respectively). The frequency of allele CYP2C19*1 was the highest (82 cases), followed by the allele CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 (22 cases and 4 cases, respectively). Genotype and allele were significantly correlated with voriconazole minimum concentration. Compared with intermediate metabolizer and poor metabolizer, extensive metabolizer significantly reduced voriconazole minimum concentration. Compared with CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles, CYP2C19*1 allele significantly reduced the concentration of voriconazole. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that BMI, CRP, IL-6 and genotype can significantly affect the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole. Conclusions The genotype of CYP2C19 is mainly *1/*1 (636 GG, 681 GG), the extensive metabolizer genotype is the most, and the allele of CYP2C19*1 is the most common. Inflammatory factors, BMI and genotype significantly affected voriconazole metabolism.

gene, CYP2C19  /  polymorphism  /  voriconazole  /  blood minimum concentration
杨森, 吴上志, 黄展航, 林育能, 陈晓雯, 谭锦莉, 徐清云, 卢成瑜, 陈德晖. CYP2C19基因多态性对肺部侵袭性真菌感染患儿伏立康唑血药谷浓度的影响及其潜在机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (10) : 1174 -1179 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1861.2023.0427
Sen Yang, Shang-Zhi Wu, Zhan-Hang Huang, Yu-Neng Lin, Xiao-Wen Chen, Jin-Li Tan, Qing-Yun Xu, Cheng-Yu Lu, De-Hui Chen. Effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the blood minimum concentration of voriconazole in children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection and its potential mechanisms[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (10) : 1174 -1179 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1861.2023.0427
伏立康唑是一种广谱三唑类抗真菌药物,用于治疗侵袭性曲霉病、足放线病菌属、镰刀菌属等所致严重感染及非中性粒细胞减少的念珠菌血症,以及经过其他抗真菌药物治疗后无效或不能耐受的患者[1],对新型隐球菌、念珠菌、病原性酵母菌等有良好的抗菌活性,亦可用于预防真菌感染[2]。一项纳入9项研究的Meta分析显示,伏立康唑治疗和预防儿童深部真菌感染的最佳药谷浓度为1~3 mg/L[3],低浓度常致临床治疗效果不佳,高浓度则可产生明显的不良反应。伏立康唑主要由细胞色素P450(CYP)酶代谢,尤其是CYP2C19。CYP2C19基因在不同个体中的表型有显著差异,CYP2C19*2CYP2C19*3CYP2C19*4CYP2C19*17常发生等位基因缺陷。CYP2C19基因型对伏立康唑治疗和预防真菌感染效果的影响是目前的研究热点[4-6],成人此方面的报道较多,但儿童CYP2C19基因型与伏立康唑血药浓度相关性的研究相对较少,伏立康唑药谷浓度在患儿中的差异极大[7],不仅受CYP2C19基因型和表型的影响,还可能受其他多种因素影响。本研究对使用伏立康唑患儿所携带的CYP2C19基因型、表型和等位基因分布情况进行分析,并探讨其与血清药谷浓度的关系,为临床达到最佳伏立康唑药物浓度提供参考。
收集2013年9月-2021年9月因肺部侵袭性真菌感染在广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科住院的58例患儿进行回顾性分析。纳入标准:符合英国抗微生物与化疗协会发布的肺部侵袭性真菌感染诊断标准[8],并同时满足以下条件:(1)病原学检查结果提示应使用伏立康唑或用其他抗真菌药治疗无效,而改用伏立康唑治疗或粒细胞缺乏,无病原学结果而需抢先治疗者;(2)使用伏立康唑疗程需≥5次;(3)伏立康唑起始剂量为6 mg/(kg.d),1次/12 h。排除标准:(1)年龄>18岁;(2)合并严重的肝肾功能不全需要调整伏立康唑剂量者;(3)拒绝使用伏立康唑或对伏立康唑过敏者。58例中4例拒绝行CYP2C19基因检测,最终纳入54例进行数据分析。本研究获广州医科大学附属第一医院伦理委员会审核批准(C202210040443)。
收集患儿年龄、性别、体重、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)等一般临床资料,同时检测血常规、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷酰转肽酶(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,GGT)、血肌酐(creatinine,Cr)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)等炎症指标水平。
伏立康唑开始治疗≥5次后进行血药谷浓度检测,即在下一次给药前使用乙二胺四乙酸(EDAT)抗凝管抽取静脉血3 ml,2000 r/min离心10 min,保留上清液。采用高效液相色谱法-荧光法测定血清伏立康唑浓度。同时记录伏立康唑的起始剂量、给药方式、血药谷浓度等情况。伏立康唑有效的血药谷浓度为0.4~5.0 μg/ml,<0.4 μg/ml达不到临床效果[9],而>5.0 μg/ml则可增加药物的不良反应。由于儿童血清伏立康唑浓度超标的情况较少见,本研究依据血药浓度范围将患儿分为低浓度组(<0.4 μg/ml,n=40)与正常浓度组(0.4~5.0 μg/ml,n=14)。
抽取患儿空腹外周静脉血2 ml于EDTA抗凝管中,反复颠倒混匀数次,2 h内送至检验科检测。检测伏立康唑的耐药CYP2C19基因表型,主要有3种类型:快代谢型(extensive metabolizer,EM,CYP2C19 *1/*1)、中代谢型(intermediate metabolizer,IM,CYP2C19 *1/*2、CYP2C19 *1/*3)、慢代谢型(poor metabolizer,PM,CYP2C19 *2/*2、CYP2C19 *3/*3CYP2C19 *2/*3)。检测过程:(1)全血伏立康唑耐药基因组DNA的提取。采用上海百傲科技有限公司生产的血液基因组DNA提取试剂盒进行提取,操作过程严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。随后检测DNA的浓度和纯度,DNA的浓度须达到10~60 ng/μl,A260/A280比值为1.7~2.0,然后进行下一步实验。如不能立即检测,DNA产物应保存在-20 ℃冰箱,以防DNA降解。(2)PCR扩增。按照CYP2C19基因检测试剂盒准备好扩增液,在各扩增管中加入1 μl PCR扩增酶液和5 μl提取的样品DNA溶液,振荡混匀,12 000 r/min离心15 min。将各管放入PCR仪中,扩增条件如下:50 ℃ 5 min;94 ℃ 5 min;94 ℃ 25 s、48 ℃ 40 s、72 ℃ 30 s,35个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。取出扩增产物,2~8 ℃保存。
取出显色杂交试剂盒,按照使用说明书将完成杂交的芯片置入BE-2.0生物芯片识读仪的扫描窗口,启动配套的芯片分析系统,扫描芯片并对结果进行分析。不同基因型对应不同的显色模式,根据软件读取的显色模式,判断各个患儿的基因型。基因型和表型对应的基因模式图见图1
分析CYP2C19基因型及等位基因在肺部侵袭性真菌感染患儿中的分布情况,比较不同基因型及等位基因对伏立康唑血药浓度的影响;比较低浓度组与正常浓度组患儿年龄、肝肾功能(GGT、ALT、Cr)、炎症指标(CRP、IL-6)的差异,并进一步分析伏立康唑血药浓度的影响因素。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用Shapiro-Wilktest法检验数据是否符合正态分布,符合正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验,偏态分布者以M(Q1Q3)表示,两组间比较采用秩和检验;计数资料以例或%表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验,不同药谷浓度下基因型和等位基因的差异采用Bonferroni校正分析;采用二元logistics回归分析年龄、BMI、CRP、IL-6、ALT、Cr对患儿伏立康唑血药谷浓度的影响。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
58例患儿病因包括社区获得性肺炎并急性肺部真菌感染42例(有肺部基础疾病26例),原发免疫缺陷病6例,化疗相关粒细胞缺乏所致感染10例。4例存在肺部基础疾病患儿拒绝行CYP2C19基因检测,其余54例纳入本研究。其中,男35例(64.8%),女19例(35.2%),年龄2.7(1.2,6.5)岁,BMI 15.3(13.5,16.5) kg/m2;其中伏立康唑口服10例(18.5%),静脉输注44例(81.5%)。两组患儿的肝肾功能基线特征无统计学差异(P>0.05);炎症指标和伏立康唑血药谷浓度差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)(表1)。
完成检测的54例样本中共检出4种CYP2C19基因型,其中*1/*1(636 GG,681 GG)基因型患儿最多(30例);其余患儿基因型依次为*1/*2(636 GG,681 GA,20例)、*1/*3(636 GA,681 GG,2例)和*2/*3(636 GA,681 GA,2例),未检出*2/*2(636 GG,681 AA)基因型和*3/*3(636 AA,681 GG)基因型患儿。54例中,30例CYP2C19*1/*1型为快代谢型,22例CYP2C19*1/*2和CYP2C19*1/*3型为中代谢型,2例CYP2C19*2/*3为慢代谢型。CYP2C19*1/*1、CYP2C19*1/*2、CYP2C19*1/*3、CYP2C19*2/*3基因型对患儿伏立康唑血药浓度的影响差异有统计学意义(趋势χ2=7.008,P=0.045);以CYP2C19*1/*1为参考值,采用Bonferroni校正法进一步行两两比较显示,与CYP2C19*1/*1比较,CYP2C19*2/*3对血药浓度的影响差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。正常浓度组与低浓度组在快代谢和慢代谢基因型间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
54例患儿中,等位基因CYP2C19*1出现的频数为82,频率最高,为75.9%;等位基因CYP2C19*2出现的频数为22,频率为20.4%;等位基因CYP2C19*3出现的频数为4,频率为3.7%。CYP2C19*1、CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3等位基因型对患儿伏立康唑血药浓度的影响差异有统计学意义(趋势χ2=6.782,P=0.026);以CYP2C19*1为参考值,采用Bonferroni校正法进一步行两两比较显示,与CYP2C19*1比较,CYP2C19*2对血药浓度的影响差异有统计学意义(P=0.026)。CYP2C19*1、CYP2C19*2等位基因在正常浓度组与低浓度组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
二元logistics回归分析结果显示,BMI、CRP、IL-6和基因型对伏立康唑药谷浓度有明显影响(P<0.05),其中BMI、CRP可升高伏立康唑血药浓度,而IL-6和基因型可降低伏立康唑血药浓度。患儿年龄、ALT及Cr对伏立康唑血药谷浓度无明显影响(P>0.05)(表4)。
伏立康唑主要通过肝脏细胞色素P450酶CYP2C19代谢[10],也可经CYP3A代谢[11],还有少部分经CYP2C9代谢[12]。不同基因型对伏立康唑药代动力学的影响十分明显。CYP2C19基因型及表型常见的有以下几种:CYP2C19*1/*17为超快代谢型(UM),CYP2C19*1/*1为快代谢型(EM),CYP2C19*1/*2和CYP2C19*1/*3为中代谢型(IM),CYP2C19*2/*2、CYP2C19*2/*3、CYP2C19*3/*3为慢代谢型(PM)[13]。然而根据CYP2C19基因型和催化能力可分为UM、EM、IM和PM四种代谢型,其中EM为CYP2C19*1/*1野生纯合子,UM为CYP2C19*17基因突变,IM包括CYP2C19*1/*2和CYP2C19*1/*3杂合子两种基因型,PM基因型则包括CYP2C19*2/*3CYP2C19*2/*2和CYP2C19*3/*3。当CYP2C19为PM[10](即纯合突变,*2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3)时,伏立康唑代谢极慢[5],其暴露浓度为EM(即野生型,*1/*1)的3~4倍[14];当CYP2C19为IM(即杂合突变,*1/*2、*1/*3)时,伏立康唑代谢减慢,其暴露浓度为EM的1.5~2倍[15],可能导致药物不良反应的发生风险明显增高[14]。相反,当CYP2C19为UM时(*1/*17或*17/*17),伏立康唑的暴露浓度相比正常代谢降低约50%[16],因此,使用标准剂量治疗时,暴露浓度低是治疗失败的一个重要原因。本研究发现,患儿中以EM和IM居多,共占96.3%,与亚洲地区成年人CYP2C19弱代谢者发生率不一致[17],可能与本研究所纳入病例种类不同或样本量较小有关。
CYP2C19具有遗传多态性,是引起个体和种族间对同一药物表现出不同代谢能力的原因之一[18]CYP2C19基因突变导致编码的酶活性改变,产生不同的表型。CYP2C19*1/*1型无突变位点,酶活性正常,表型为EM;CYP2C19*1/*2和CYP2C19*1/*3型为杂合突变,突变位点分别为681G>A和636G>A,酶活性为中间型,表型为IM;CYP2C19*2/*2、CYP2C19*2/*3CYP2C19*3/*3型为纯合突变,突变位点为681G>A和636G>A,酶活性弱,表型为PM。白种人和黑种人中CYP2C19弱代谢者发生率为3%~5%,而亚洲人中弱代谢者发生率则高达15%~20%[19]。对健康白种人和健康日本人的研究结果显示,同一种族中弱代谢者伏立康唑的血药浓度较强代谢者高4倍以上[19-20]。一项来自加沙地带健康儿童的CYP2C19基因型流行病学调查表明,CYP2C19的*1/*1、*1/*2*1/*3*2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3基因型占比分别为86.5%、6.5%、3.0%、1.5%、2.0%、0.5%[21]。本研究中CYP2C19*1/*1、*1/*2基因型是常见的类型,以快代谢和中代谢表型居多,与文献报道一致。既往研究发现,亚洲人群中UM代谢类型占比仅约4%[16,22],而PM占比为12%~23%,检测CYP2C19*2CYP2C19*3两个位点即可覆盖99%以上的突变类型[20]。本研究发现,等位基因CYP2C19*1CYP2C19*2占比为97%,与文献报道不一致,可能存在地域或人种的差异。
本研究对影响伏立康唑血药谷浓度的相关因素(年龄、BMI、CRP、基因型、肝肾功能)进行分析,结果显示,CRP和基因型对药谷浓度有明显影响(P<0.05)。CRP较高时,药谷浓度也较高,考虑可能的原因为:CRP是反映炎性严重程度、炎症急性时相的非特异性指标,主要受IL-6的调控,而IL-6和一些上游促炎因子均可下调CYP2C19CYP3A4基因的表达,最终导致药谷浓度升高[23];CRP和IL-6同为炎性因子,CRP主要在肝脏产生,而IL-6主要由粒细胞和淋巴细胞产生且为CRP的上游促炎因子,这可能是IL-6和CRP对血药浓度的影响不一致的原因,与文献研究结果相似[24]。本研究还发现,PM的药谷浓度明显高于EM(P<0.05),且PM患儿的CRP较高时具有更高的药谷浓度,提示PM与EM患儿使用相同剂量药物时可导致药谷浓度上升,因此,应降低患儿的起始用药剂量,密切关注不良反应的发生[6,25-26]。此外,建议所有使用伏立康唑治疗的患儿应尽早进行耐药基因检测,以便更早地达到有效的药谷浓度,及时调整药物剂量,减少药物不良反应,并提高治疗效果。
综上所述,本研究发现,伏立康唑用于儿童肺部侵袭性真菌感染的治疗效果与CYP2C19基因多态性密切相关,CYP2C19基因型决定了代谢表型,影响了伏立康唑的血药谷浓度,进而影响了临床效果,与文献报道的结果一致[4,27-28]。进一步分析发现,BMI、CRP、IL-6也同样可影响药谷浓度,提示在使用伏立康唑治疗侵袭性真菌感染患儿时,除基因外还应关注其他指标,以提高用药安全性。本研究仍存在一些不足之处:(1)研究对象仅限于侵袭性真菌感染的儿童患者,未纳入成人进行对比分析;(2)为只针对中国人种的小部分研究;(3)是一项回顾性研究,不能证明因果关系,只能说明相关性和影响因素。未来有待设计高质量的随机对照临床试验来验证本研究结果的可靠性。总之,尽早完成侵袭性真菌感染患儿的CYP2C19基因型检测并关注炎性因子的变化,可合理指导患儿首次给药的剂量,尽快达到有效的药谷浓度,为伏立康唑合理、安全、有效地运用于此类患儿的治疗提供临床依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81770063)
  • 广东省钟南山医学基金会基础与应用基础研究联合资助项目(202102010343)
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2023年第48卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1861.2023.0427
  • 接收时间:2022-09-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2023-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-06
  • 录用日期:2022-12-06
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770063)
国家自然科学基金(81770063)
Basic and Applied Research Foundation of Guangdong Province Zhong Nan-Shan Medical Foundation(202102010343)
广东省钟南山医学基金会基础与应用基础研究联合资助项目(202102010343)
作者信息
    1广州医科大学附属第一医院儿科,广东广州 510120
    2广州医科大学附属第一医院检验科,广东广州 510120

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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