Article(id=1199703039062929665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199703037368430831, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2656.2023.0911, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1672070400000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1673452800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-01-12, onlineDate=1763961093917, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1694361600000, pubDateStr=2023-09-11, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763961093917, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763961093917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763961093917, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199703037368430831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='11', pageStart='1237', pageEnd='1358', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763961093513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763961140964, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199703236451070744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199703037368430831, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199703236451070745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199703037368430831, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1305, endPage=1313, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199703039318782214, articleId=1199703039062929665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of TDP-43 on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in mouse HL-1 atrial myocytes cells, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells). Methods The in vitro cultured mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) were divided into: (1) control group and groups with different OGD treatment times (2, 4, 8, 16 h), and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, and TDP-43 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting, which was used to determine the time point of OGD induction for the subsequent study; (2) control and OGD groups, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, chemiluminescence to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) relative content, microplate method to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and WST-1 method to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. Mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) transfected with lentivirus were divided into: (1) negative control lentiviral intervention group (NC-shRNA), TDP-43 knockdown lentiviral intervention group (TDP-43-shRNA1, TDP-43-shRNA2, TDP-43-shRNA3), and Western blotting was used to detect the TDP-43 protein expression level, and the group with the highest lentiviral knockdown efficiency was selected as the TDP-43-shRNA for subsequent experiments; (2) NC-shRNA group, TDP-43-shRNA group, OGD+NC-shRNA group, OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group, under normoxic and OGD conditions, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate, MitoTracker staining to detect mitochondrial morphology, JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, chemiluminescence to detect the relative content of ATP, flow cytometry to detect the fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), microplate to detect the content of MDA, and WST-1 to detect the content of SOD. Results CCK-8 method showed that, with the prolongation of OGD time, the viability of mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) gradually decreased; Western blotting assay showed that the expression level of TDP-43 protein gradually increased, and both of them showed a strong time-dependence. Compared with control group, mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) viability was the lowest (P<0.05) and TDP-43 protein expression was the highest (P<0.05) at 16 h of OGD, accordingly, OGD 16 h was chosen as the induction time point for subsequent experiments. Compared with control group, the apoptosis rate, the fluorescence intensity ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential and the content of MDA increased, the relative content of ATP and SOD decreased in OGD group, and the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Western blotting detection showed that compared with NC-shRNA group, the TDP-43-shRNA2 group had the most obvious reduction in TDP-43 protein expression level (P<0.05) and the highest knockdown efficiency, so the TDP-43-shRNA2 group was selected for subsequent experiments. The results of flow cytometry showed that under normoxic conditions, there was no significant change in the apoptosis rate in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group (P>0.05); and under OGD conditions, the apoptosis rate in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group reduced when compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group (P<0.05). MitoTracker staining results showed that the mitochondrial morphology of TDP-43-shRNA group was intact without significant changes compared with NC-shRNA group; the mitochondria of OGD+NC-shRNA group increased in number, most of which were fragmented and scattered in distribution; compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group, the mitochondrial morphology of OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group was restored. Under normoxic conditions, there were no significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, relative ATP content, ROS fluorescence intensity, MDA content, and SOD content in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group (P>0.05); however, under OGD conditions, the ratio of fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial membrane potential of cells the fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the content of MDA decreased, and the relative content of ATP and the content of SOD increased in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group compared with that of OGD+NC-shRNA group, and all of these differences was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion TDP-43 exacerbates OGD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis; therefore, knockdown of TDP-43 expression is expected to be a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.

, correspAuthors=Hai-Feng Pei, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TDP-43)对氧糖剥夺(OGD)诱导小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法 将体外培养的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为:(1)对照组及不同OGD处理时间(2、4、8、16 h)组,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,Western blotting检测TDP-43蛋白表达水平,以此确定OGD诱导时间点用于后续研究;(2)对照组与OGD组,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位,化学发光法检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)相对含量,微板法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,WST-1法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。将转染慢病毒的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为:(1)阴性对照慢病毒干预组(NC-shRNA)、TDP-43敲低慢病毒干预组(TDP-43-shRNA1、TDP-43-shRNA2、TDP-43-shRNA3),Western blotting检测TDP-43蛋白表达水平,选择慢病毒敲低效率最高的TDP-43-shRNA用于后续试验;(2)NC-shRNA组、TDP-43-shRNA组、OGD+NC-shRNA组、OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组,在常氧条件和OGD条件下,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,MitoTracker染色法检测线粒体形态,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位,化学发光法检测ATP含量,流式细胞术检测活性氧(ROS)荧光强度,微板法检测MDA含量,WST-1法检测SOD含量。结果 CCK-8法检测结果显示,随OGD时间的延长,小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的活力逐渐下降;Western blotting检测结果显示,TDP-43蛋白表达水平逐渐升高,两者均呈现较强的时间依赖性。与对照组比较,在OGD 16 h时小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞活力最低(P<0.05)、TDP-43蛋白表达量最高(P<0.05),据此后续实验选择OGD 16 h为诱导时间点。与对照组比较,OGD组细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值、MDA含量升高,ATP相对含量、SOD含量降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA2组TDP-43蛋白表达水平降低最为明显(P<0.05),敲低效率最高,因此选择TDP-43-shRNA2进行后续实验。流式细胞术检测结果显示,在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组细胞凋亡率无明显变化(P>0.05);在OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05)。MitoTracker染色结果显示,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体形态完整,无明显变化;OGD+NC-shRNA组线粒体数量增多,多数为碎片状,分布散乱;与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体形态有所恢复。在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值、ATP相对含量、ROS荧光强度、MDA含量、SOD含量均无明显变化(P>0.05);但在 OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组细胞线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值、ROS荧光强度、MDA含量降低,ATP相对含量、SOD含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TDP-43通过调控心肌细胞凋亡加重OGD诱导的线粒体功能障碍,因此,敲低TDP-43的表达有望成为缺血性心肌病的潜在治疗策略。

, correspAuthors=裴海峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
裴海峰,E-mail:
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岳娇,硕士研究生,主要从事心肌损伤与心肌重构方面的研究

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岳娇,硕士研究生,主要从事心肌损伤与心肌重构方面的研究

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岳娇,硕士研究生,主要从事心肌损伤与心肌重构方面的研究

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OGD. 氧糖剥夺;TDP-43. TAR DNA结合蛋白43;A. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞活力;B. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的TDP-43蛋白相对表达水平(Western blotting);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=7Tr5JFX1ZiAmB6lvx2vW7g==, figureFileBig=CJeCJSwS42MTWBX1F/+X9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711038892503773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) on injury in mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) (n=3), figureFileSmall=ZsUPL9j9EPTuYD40IU07TQ==, figureFileBig=8MTDO44mr4AsEPSQZANgUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711038988972769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=CN, label=图2, caption=OGD诱导对小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞损伤的影响(n=3)

OGD. 氧糖剥夺;ATP. 三磷酸腺苷;MDA. 丙二醛;SOD. 超氧化物歧化酶;A. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡率;B. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体膜电位(绿色荧光与红色荧光强度比值);C. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的ATP相对含量、MDA含量、SOD含量;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=ZsUPL9j9EPTuYD40IU07TQ==, figureFileBig=8MTDO44mr4AsEPSQZANgUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039144162020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Detection of relative TDP-43 protein expression levels in mouse atrial myocytes transfected with lentivirus using Western blotting (HL-1 cells) (n=3), figureFileSmall=VW3emZ0MBKXmoILLR1vKBg==, figureFileBig=LG3GEr5H9o6fVswUkVGPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039303545576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Western blotting检测小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞转染慢病毒后 TDP-43蛋白相对表达水平(n=3)

TDP-43. TAR DNA结合蛋白43;与NC-shRNA组比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=VW3emZ0MBKXmoILLR1vKBg==, figureFileBig=LG3GEr5H9o6fVswUkVGPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039383237355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in apoptotic injury after TDP-43 knockdown in mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) (n=3), figureFileSmall=i8/yke6auwfbXZNZ0VD2ZA==, figureFileBig=sHkStD8ZVkyA69XfNy+6iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039479706352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=CN, label=图4, caption=TDP-43敲低后小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡损伤变化(n=3)

TDP-43. TAR DNA结合蛋白43;OGD. 氧糖剥夺;与NC-shRNA组比较,(1)P<0.05;与TDP-43-shRNA组比较,(2)P<0.05;与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=i8/yke6auwfbXZNZ0VD2ZA==, figureFileBig=sHkStD8ZVkyA69XfNy+6iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039563592435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of TDP-43 knockdown on mitochondrial damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) (n=3), figureFileSmall=ioa2ScwGtJtfQGYA730gew==, figureFileBig=g7Yj8XMRaHd78o/4+3a6yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039676838648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=CN, label=图5, caption=敲低TDP-43对OGD诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体损伤的影响(n=3)

OGD. 氧糖剥夺;TDP-43. TAR DNA结合蛋白43;A. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体形态;蓝色荧光(Hoechst 33342)、绿色荧光(MitoTracker);B、C. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体膜电位(绿色荧光与红色荧光强度比值);D. 小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的 ATP 相对含量;与NC-shRNA组比较,(1)P<0.05;与TDP-43-shRNA组比较,(2)P<0.05;与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=ioa2ScwGtJtfQGYA730gew==, figureFileBig=g7Yj8XMRaHd78o/4+3a6yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039819444989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of knockdown of TDP-43 on oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) (n=3), figureFileSmall=kPy3Mccy/zCM/8lWtkXdVg==, figureFileBig=UJBbpR8QYXmXR/el4BQuxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199711039899136767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199703039062929665, language=CN, label=图6, caption=敲低TDP-43对OGD诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞氧化应激水平的影响(n=3)

ROS. 活性氧;MDA. 丙二醛;SOD. 超氧化物歧化酶;与NC-shRNA组比较,(1)P<0.05;与TDP-43-shRNA组比较,(2)P<0.05;与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,(3)P<0.05

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TDP-43对氧糖剥夺诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制
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岳娇 1, 2 , 龚美婷 1, 2 , 徐伍 3 , 王鹏 2 , 袁木 4 , 谭言飞 5 , 裴海峰 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(11): 1305-1313
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(11): 1305-1313
TDP-43对氧糖剥夺诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制
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岳娇1, 2, 龚美婷1, 2, 徐伍3, 王鹏2, 袁木4, 谭言飞5, 裴海峰1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610031
  • 2解放军西部战区总医院心内科,四川成都 610083
  • 3南方医科大学第五附属医院泌尿外科,广东广州 510900
  • 4解放军西部战区总医院卫勤训练中心,四川成都 610083
  • 5四川大学国家生物医学工程研究中心,四川成都 610064
  • 岳娇,硕士研究生,主要从事心肌损伤与心肌重构方面的研究

通讯作者:

裴海峰,E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of TDP-43 on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in mouse HL-1 atrial myocytes cells
Jiao Yue1, 2, Mei-Ting Gong1, 2, Wu Xu3, Peng Wang2, Mu Yuan4, Yan-Fei Tan5, Hai-Feng Pei1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Clinical Medical College, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
  • 2Department of Cardiology, Western Theater General Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
  • 3Department of Urology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900, China
  • 4Health Service Training Center, Western Theater General Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
  • 5National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
出版时间: 2023-09-11 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2656.2023.0911
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目的 探讨TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TDP-43)对氧糖剥夺(OGD)诱导小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法 将体外培养的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为:(1)对照组及不同OGD处理时间(2、4、8、16 h)组,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,Western blotting检测TDP-43蛋白表达水平,以此确定OGD诱导时间点用于后续研究;(2)对照组与OGD组,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位,化学发光法检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)相对含量,微板法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,WST-1法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。将转染慢病毒的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为:(1)阴性对照慢病毒干预组(NC-shRNA)、TDP-43敲低慢病毒干预组(TDP-43-shRNA1、TDP-43-shRNA2、TDP-43-shRNA3),Western blotting检测TDP-43蛋白表达水平,选择慢病毒敲低效率最高的TDP-43-shRNA用于后续试验;(2)NC-shRNA组、TDP-43-shRNA组、OGD+NC-shRNA组、OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组,在常氧条件和OGD条件下,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,MitoTracker染色法检测线粒体形态,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位,化学发光法检测ATP含量,流式细胞术检测活性氧(ROS)荧光强度,微板法检测MDA含量,WST-1法检测SOD含量。结果 CCK-8法检测结果显示,随OGD时间的延长,小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的活力逐渐下降;Western blotting检测结果显示,TDP-43蛋白表达水平逐渐升高,两者均呈现较强的时间依赖性。与对照组比较,在OGD 16 h时小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞活力最低(P<0.05)、TDP-43蛋白表达量最高(P<0.05),据此后续实验选择OGD 16 h为诱导时间点。与对照组比较,OGD组细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值、MDA含量升高,ATP相对含量、SOD含量降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA2组TDP-43蛋白表达水平降低最为明显(P<0.05),敲低效率最高,因此选择TDP-43-shRNA2进行后续实验。流式细胞术检测结果显示,在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组细胞凋亡率无明显变化(P>0.05);在OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05)。MitoTracker染色结果显示,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体形态完整,无明显变化;OGD+NC-shRNA组线粒体数量增多,多数为碎片状,分布散乱;与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体形态有所恢复。在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值、ATP相对含量、ROS荧光强度、MDA含量、SOD含量均无明显变化(P>0.05);但在 OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组细胞线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值、ROS荧光强度、MDA含量降低,ATP相对含量、SOD含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TDP-43通过调控心肌细胞凋亡加重OGD诱导的线粒体功能障碍,因此,敲低TDP-43的表达有望成为缺血性心肌病的潜在治疗策略。

TAR DNA结合蛋白43  /  氧糖剥夺  /  细胞凋亡  /  氧化应激

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells). Methods The in vitro cultured mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) were divided into: (1) control group and groups with different OGD treatment times (2, 4, 8, 16 h), and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, and TDP-43 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting, which was used to determine the time point of OGD induction for the subsequent study; (2) control and OGD groups, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, chemiluminescence to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) relative content, microplate method to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and WST-1 method to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. Mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) transfected with lentivirus were divided into: (1) negative control lentiviral intervention group (NC-shRNA), TDP-43 knockdown lentiviral intervention group (TDP-43-shRNA1, TDP-43-shRNA2, TDP-43-shRNA3), and Western blotting was used to detect the TDP-43 protein expression level, and the group with the highest lentiviral knockdown efficiency was selected as the TDP-43-shRNA for subsequent experiments; (2) NC-shRNA group, TDP-43-shRNA group, OGD+NC-shRNA group, OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group, under normoxic and OGD conditions, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate, MitoTracker staining to detect mitochondrial morphology, JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, chemiluminescence to detect the relative content of ATP, flow cytometry to detect the fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), microplate to detect the content of MDA, and WST-1 to detect the content of SOD. Results CCK-8 method showed that, with the prolongation of OGD time, the viability of mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) gradually decreased; Western blotting assay showed that the expression level of TDP-43 protein gradually increased, and both of them showed a strong time-dependence. Compared with control group, mouse atrial myocytes (HL-1 cells) viability was the lowest (P<0.05) and TDP-43 protein expression was the highest (P<0.05) at 16 h of OGD, accordingly, OGD 16 h was chosen as the induction time point for subsequent experiments. Compared with control group, the apoptosis rate, the fluorescence intensity ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential and the content of MDA increased, the relative content of ATP and SOD decreased in OGD group, and the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Western blotting detection showed that compared with NC-shRNA group, the TDP-43-shRNA2 group had the most obvious reduction in TDP-43 protein expression level (P<0.05) and the highest knockdown efficiency, so the TDP-43-shRNA2 group was selected for subsequent experiments. The results of flow cytometry showed that under normoxic conditions, there was no significant change in the apoptosis rate in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group (P>0.05); and under OGD conditions, the apoptosis rate in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group reduced when compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group (P<0.05). MitoTracker staining results showed that the mitochondrial morphology of TDP-43-shRNA group was intact without significant changes compared with NC-shRNA group; the mitochondria of OGD+NC-shRNA group increased in number, most of which were fragmented and scattered in distribution; compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group, the mitochondrial morphology of OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group was restored. Under normoxic conditions, there were no significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, relative ATP content, ROS fluorescence intensity, MDA content, and SOD content in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group (P>0.05); however, under OGD conditions, the ratio of fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial membrane potential of cells the fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the content of MDA decreased, and the relative content of ATP and the content of SOD increased in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group compared with that of OGD+NC-shRNA group, and all of these differences was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion TDP-43 exacerbates OGD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis; therefore, knockdown of TDP-43 expression is expected to be a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.

TAR DNA-binding protein 43  /  oxygen-glucose deprivation  /  apoptosis  /  oxidative stress
岳娇, 龚美婷, 徐伍, 王鹏, 袁木, 谭言飞, 裴海峰. TDP-43对氧糖剥夺诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (11) : 1305 -1313 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2656.2023.0911
Jiao Yue, Mei-Ting Gong, Wu Xu, Peng Wang, Mu Yuan, Yan-Fei Tan, Hai-Feng Pei. Effect and mechanism of TDP-43 on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in mouse HL-1 atrial myocytes cells[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (11) : 1305 -1313 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2656.2023.0911
缺血性心肌病(ischemic heart disease,IHD)是临床常见的一种心血管疾病[1],各种原因导致的心脏供血或供氧不足,均可引发心肌电生理、功能、代谢和结构等方面的失衡紊乱[2],严重时可能导致死亡[3-4]。心房颤动(简称房颤)被认为是IHD发生发展过程中最常见的一种心律失常类型,房颤发生时线粒体结构功能受损,电子传递链功能下降,活性氧(ROS)堆积,造成氧化应激损伤[5]。最新研究显示心房肌细胞凋亡是引起房颤进展的重要机制之一[6]。虽然介入手术、药物干预、干细胞替代疗法等诸多治疗手段在一定程度上改善了IHD合并房颤的预后,但实际治疗效果仍不容乐观,故寻找新的治疗靶点意义重大。TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TDP-43)属于异质性细胞核核糖蛋白家族成员,其在神经退行性病变中突变或过度表达会引起线粒体形态异常、运输障碍、功能失调等,损害细胞能量供应,从而导致神经元损伤[7-8],引起神经细胞和胶质细胞凋亡[9-10]。目前,TDP-43在IHD中是否发挥作用仍未证实。本研究在体外模拟心肌梗死缺氧模型,观察小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的发生情况,初步探讨TDP-43在小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡中的机制,并为IHD提供新的干预靶点和治疗思路。
小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司。TDP-43-shRNA购自上海吉凯基因医学科技股份有限公司,MEM培养基购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自江苏凯基生物技术有限公司,CCK-8检测试剂盒、ATP检测试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司,ROS检测试剂盒、线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,丙二醛(MDA)检测试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒购自南京建成生物科技有限公司,线粒体荧光探针购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,胎牛血清购自美国Gibco公司,TDP-43抗体、Tubulin抗体购自美国CST公司。
小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞使用含10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素/链霉素的MEM培养基,置于5% CO2、37 ℃培养箱中培养。氧糖剥夺(OGD)模型:小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞密度达70%~80%时,PBS洗2次,更换为无糖无血清培养基,置于含95% N2和5% CO2混合气体的缺氧箱中培养。后续实验均采用对数生长期细胞。
待小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞生长融合至50%~60%时,根据试剂盒说明书进行慢病毒转染,37 ℃培养8~10 h,更换新的培养基继续培养48 h,加入2 μg/ml的嘌呤霉素后收集细胞,筛选稳定转染的细胞群用于后续实验。
将对数生长期的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为对照组、OGD 2 h组、OGD 4 h组、OGD 8 h组、OGD 16 h组。将对数生长期的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞稀释至5.0×104 /ml,每孔100 μl的细胞悬液接种到96孔板。当小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞生长至70%~80%时,将对照组置于5% CO2细胞培养箱中正常培养,OGD组分别给予2、4、8、16 h的OGD处理,然后在每个孔中加入10 μl的CCK-8溶液,置于相应培养箱内孵育2 h。实验重复3次。最后,采用酶标仪测量各组细胞450 nm处的吸光度值并计算细胞活力,以初步确定合适的OGD造模时间。
细胞分组同1.2.3。用RIPA裂解液提取全细胞蛋白。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白后,将蛋白从凝胶转移到PVDF膜上。在室温下用5% BSA封闭1 h后,切下所需的蛋白条带,4 ℃下孵育一抗(TDP-43按1:1000稀释)12 h。第2天加入相应的HRP标记的二抗(按1:5000稀释),室温孵育1 h,加入ECL发光溶液充分反应后扫描显色。实验重复3次。最后用ImageJ软件计算TDP-43蛋白表达水平,确定最佳OGD造模时间。将转染慢病毒的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为阴性对照慢病毒干预组(NC-shRNA)、TDP-43敲低慢病毒干预组(TDP-43-shRNA1、TDP-43-shRNA2、TDP-43-shRNA3),再次检测TDP-43蛋白表达水平以确定TDP-43敲低效率最高组。实验重复3次。
(1)将对数生长期的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为对照组与OGD组,检测两组小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞损伤情况。(2)另将转染慢病毒的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞分为NC-shRNA组、TDP-43-shRNA组、OGD+NC-shRNA组及OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组,检测常氧条件和OGD条件下,敲低TDP-43对小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞损伤的影响。稀释对数生长期细胞至1.0×105 /ml,每孔2 ml的细胞悬液接种到6孔板,等细胞生长贴壁后更换培养液,收集各组细胞培养液于另一离心管,用不含EDTA的胰酶消化细胞收集至相应离心管,用PBS洗涤后按照Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测试剂盒说明书进行染色,随即用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡情况。实验重复3次。
细胞分组同1.2.5。根据线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒说明书,配置JC-1工作液。于37 ℃孵育20 min后用1×JC-1缓冲液洗2次,使用激光共聚焦显微镜检测;收集各组细胞后,加入ATP含量检测试剂盒中的对应成分,充分混匀后测定吸光度值。实验重复3次。
微板法检测MDA含量、WST-1法检测SOD含量细胞分组同1.2.5。用超声裂解的方式处理收集到的细胞沉淀,按照试剂盒说明书添加相应试剂,采用微板法和WST-1法分别检测MDA、SOD含量。实验重复3次。
细胞分组同1.2.5(2)。将对数生长期的细胞悬液接种于共聚焦培养皿中,待细胞贴壁后弃去培养液,用PBS洗1次,加入37 ℃预热的线粒体绿色荧光探针Mitotracker,在相应实验培养条件下孵育30 min,用PBS洗3次,加入Hoechst 33342孵育30 min,用PBS洗1次,随即采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察并采集图像。实验重复3次。
细胞分组同1.2.5(2)。无血清培养液以1∶1000稀释DCFH-DA为工作液,细胞收集后悬浮于此工作液中,置于37 ℃细胞培养箱中避光孵育20 min,每间隔3~5 min颠倒混匀1次,孵育结束后用无血清培养液洗涤细胞3次,随即使用流式细胞仪进行检测。实验重复3次。
利用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行统计分析。所有计量资料均以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
CCK-8法检测显示,OGD诱导小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞2、4、8、16 h后,与对照组(97.77%±1.67%)比较,OGD 2 h(92.19%±2.98%)、OGD 4 h(77.05%±1.49%)、OGD 8 h(62.31%±4.97%)及OGD 16 h(48.99%±2.23%)的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞活力逐渐下降,且与OGD处理时间的长短密切相关,在OGD 16 h时小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞活力降至最低(P<0.05,图1A)。Western blotting检测结果显示,随着OGD处理时间的延长,小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞TDP-43蛋白相对表达水平逐渐升高,并表现出时间依赖性,在OGD 16 h时TDP-43蛋白表达量达到最高(P<0.05,图1B),这与OGD诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞损伤的趋势一致。根据以上实验结果,后续实验选择OGD 16 h为诱导时间点。
流式细胞术检测结果显示,OGD组小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的细胞凋亡率(49.19%±0.79%)较对照组(4.06%±0.41%)明显升高(P<0.05,图2A)。JC-1染色法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,OGD组的线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值升高(P<0.05,图2B)。化学发光法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,OGD组的ATP相对含量降低(P<0.05);微板法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,OGD组的MDA含量升高(P<0.05);WST-1法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,OGD组的SOD含量降低(P<0.05,图2C)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与NC-shRNA组(0.96±0.03)比较,TDP-43-shRNA1组(0.76±0.15)的TDP-43蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),TDP-43-shRNA2组(0.53±0.09)、TDP-43-shRNA3组(0.69±0.01)TDP-43蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),其中TDP-43-shRNA2组的敲低效率最高(图3)。因此,选择TDP-43-shRNA2进行后续试验。
流式细胞术检测显示,在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组(11.74%±0.35%)比较,TDP-43-shRNA组(8.77%±2.08%)小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡率无明显变化(P>0.05);但在OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组(45.01%±0.93%)比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组(34.83%±1.39%)小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡率有所降低,一定程度上缓解了OGD造成的细胞凋亡(P<0.05,图4)。
MitoTracker染色法检测结果显示,NC-shRNA组小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体形态完整、分布均匀,多数呈棒杆状,交连成网;与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组无明显变化。而OGD+NC-shRNA组小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体数量增多,多数为碎片状,且分布散乱;与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体形态有所恢复(图5A)。在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值和ATP相对含量无明显变化(P>0.05);但在OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值明显降低(P<0.05),ATP相对含量升高(P<0.05,图5B-D)。
在常氧条件下,与NC-shRNA组比较,TDP-43-shRNA组小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞ROS荧光强度、MDA含量和SOD含量无明显变化(P>0.05);然而在OGD条件下,与OGD+NC-shRNA组比较,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA组小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的ROS荧光强度和MDA含量降低(P<0.05),SOD含量升高(P<0.05)(图6)。
IHD是全世界最主要的死因之一,其发病率持续上升,严重危害人类身体健康。心肌细胞受损不仅可引起心肌缺血缺氧,还可能诱发进行性心肌重构,如心肌细胞坏死、凋亡、肥大、纤维化及心腔扩大等,使心功能持续降低,严重时可导致死亡[11]。有研究发现,房颤诱发的炎症及内质网应激可直接影响心房肌细胞凋亡,而抑制心房肌细胞凋亡是治疗房颤及保护心功能的重要途径[12]。心肌活动主要依赖有氧代谢产生的能量,因此对缺氧极其敏感,而心肌缺血或缺氧作为IHD的常见诱因,一旦发生,即可损伤线粒体功能,激活ROS并引起不同程度的氧化应激反应,从而触发线粒体凋亡途径,导致心肌细胞凋亡及损伤[13]。因此,本研究通过探讨OGD条件下心肌细胞的调控机制,寻找有助于IHD治疗的靶点。
TDP-43是大多数细胞普遍存在并表达的DNA和RNA结合蛋白,被鉴定为人免疫缺陷病毒结合蛋白1型TAR DNA元件,TDP-43在早期发育过程中发挥着重要作用[14],敲除小鼠的Tardbp(编码TDP-43的基因)会导致E3.5和E8.5之间的早期胚胎死亡。
Lee等[15]研究发现,在神经元细胞和HeLa细胞中过表达TDP-43可激活部分Bcl-2、p53依赖的G2/M期阻滞,进而导致细胞凋亡。Vogt等[16]通过构建TDP-43野生型及突变型转基因小鼠模型发现,过表达TDP-43可使促凋亡基因Bbc3Bax表达上调,Bbc3Bax基因为p53的下游靶点,过表达TDP-43可诱导p53介导的神经元细胞凋亡,而抑制p53可挽救神经元细胞凋亡。然而TDP-43是否在心肌细胞中表达,是否参与IHD,以及具体调控机制尚不完全清楚。本研究通过检测不同OGD时间的TDP-43表达水平,验证了TDP-43在缺氧过程中表达增加,流式细胞术结果显示TDP-43参与小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞的凋亡,并探讨TDP-43在OGD诱导的小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞凋亡的具体机制。
线粒体作为心肌细胞能量代谢的主要场所,其结构和功能的完整性是细胞存活的关键[17-19],线粒体功能障碍直接影响心肌细胞ATP的合成和ROS的产生,因此线粒体靶向策略极有可能是解决心脏疾病的有效手段。近年来有研究发现,在细胞渗透压改变、氧化应激、热应激等病理状态下,TDP-43过表达会影响线粒体的形态和功能,加剧氧化应激反应,促使细胞凋亡水平升高[20]。Zanini等[21]通过电镜观察发现,TDP-43野生型小鼠的线粒体有一个完整的外膜,嵴及基质均清晰可见,与之形成鲜明对比的是,TDP-43A315T转基因小鼠模型的线粒体则出现嵴断裂和基质肿胀等损伤表现;Wang等[22]发现,TDP-43过表达会降低线粒体膜电位、增加ROS的产生,并抑制ATP的生成,提示TDP-43会诱发线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激。本研究发现,在OGD条件下小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞线粒体损伤加重,且敲低TDP-43的表达后线粒体形态趋向正常,线粒体膜电位荧光强度比值有所下降,减少了ROS的产生,并增加了ATP的生成,进一步提示TDP-43的表达不利于OGD条件下的线粒体损伤恢复。
近年来研究发现,氧化应激可能导致心肌细胞凋亡,其被认为是动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死、缺血性心脏病、再灌注损伤和心力衰竭等疾病的重要致病机制[23]。线粒体既是ROS的主要产生部位,又是氧化应激损伤的主要靶点。当细胞受到有害刺激后,激活ROS产生,打破了机体氧化与抗氧化系统之间的平衡,造成氧化应激及细胞凋亡,最终可能导致细胞死亡[24-25]。本研究发现,在OGD诱导的情况下,敲低TDP-43可降低细胞内MDA和ROS的表达水平,升高SOD的表达水平,缓解OGD诱导的细胞凋亡,提示敲低TDP-43能够保护心肌细胞免受OGD诱导的氧化应激和细胞凋亡。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,OGD可诱导小鼠HL-1心房肌细胞发生线粒体形态异常、线粒体功能障碍及氧化应激损伤,敲低TDP-43可能通过线粒体调节的信号通路保护心肌细胞免受OGD诱导的氧化应激和凋亡的影响,进而发挥心肌细胞保护作用。但本研究中仍存在诸多不足之处,例如,未设置在体实验的验证,且体外实验未设置TDP-43过表达组,因此,在下一步的实验中将增加动物模型进一步揭示敲低TDP-43对心血管疾病的保护作用及相关机制,以期为防治IHD提供新的治疗靶点,也为保护线粒体形态功能提供新的思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81970241)
  • 西部战区总医院院管重点项目(2021-XZYG-A03)
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2023年第48卷第11期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2656.2023.0911
  • 接收时间:2022-12-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-09-11
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-27
  • 录用日期:2023-01-12
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970241)
国家自然科学基金(81970241)
Key Project of Western Theater General Hospital Management(2021-XZYG-A03)
西部战区总医院院管重点项目(2021-XZYG-A03)
作者信息
    1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 610031
    2解放军西部战区总医院心内科,四川成都 610083
    3南方医科大学第五附属医院泌尿外科,广东广州 510900
    4解放军西部战区总医院卫勤训练中心,四川成都 610083
    5四川大学国家生物医学工程研究中心,四川成都 610064

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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