Article(id=1199688712868168368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1297.2023.0524, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1654704000000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1667577600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-05, onlineDate=1763957678285, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1703692800000, pubDateStr=2023-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763957678285, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763957678285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763957678285, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199688705905623579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='12', pageStart='1359', pageEnd='1491', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763957676626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763958367038, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1395, endPage=1402, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199688713203712704, articleId=1199688712868168368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Protective effect of CysLT2 receptor antagonist HAMI3379 on cerebral ischemia injury of rats and its mechanism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of cysteinyl leukotriene 2 (CysLT2) receptor antagonist HAMI3379 on cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and HAMI3379 group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats of model group were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to construct the cerebral ischemia injury model, while HAMI3379 group received intraperitoneal injection of HAMI3379 (0.2 mg/kg) before and after MCAO 30 min. The rats after cerebral ischemia injury were scored for neurological symptoms. The infarction volume of rats was observed by TTC staining, the activation marker Iba1 of microglia was detected by immunofluorescence staining, the mRNA level of M1/M2 polarized phenotype molecules of microglia was detected by Real-time PCR, the number of neurons was observed by NeuN staining, and neuronal degeneration was observed by Fluoro-Jade B staining. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of CysLT2 protein and nuclear factors κB-related protein Cα (PKCα), IκBα, p65 and p50 proteins in brain tissue. Results Compared with sham operation group, the neurological symptom score and cerebral infarction volume of model group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the neurological symptom score and cerebral infarction volume of HAMI3379 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of microglia activation marker Iba1 was increased in brain tissue of rats after cerebral ischemia injury (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, mRNA expression of M1 polarized molecules (CD86, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 polarized molecules (CD206, TGF-β, IL-10) were significantly increased in the ischemic central brain tissue of model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the expression of M1 polarized molecules in HAMI3379 group was significantly downregulated (P<0.05), while the expression of M2 polarized molecules was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, the expressions of PKCα, IκBα, p65 and p50 in brain tissue of model group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05); compared with model group, the expressions of PKCα, IκBα, p65, and p50 in HAMI3379 group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). The NeuN staining results showed that the number of neurons in the brain tissue of model group was decreased when compared with sham operation group (P<0.05), while the number of degenerated neurons was increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the number of neurons in HAMI3379 group was increased (P<0.05), while the number of degenerated neurons was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions CysLT2 receptor antagonist HAMI3379 may regulate PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibits M1 polarization activation of microglia and promotes its transition to M2 polarization, inhibits neuronal degeneration, and plays a neuroprotective role.

, correspAuthors=Rui Zhao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探究半胱氨酰白三烯2(CysLT2)受体拮抗剂HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组与HAMI3379组,每组10只。模型组大鼠采用大脑中动脉阻断术(MCAO)构建脑缺血损伤模型,HAMI3379组在MCAO术前和术后30 min腹腔注射HAMI3379(0.2 mg/kg)。对脑缺血损伤后的大鼠行神经症状评分,TTC染色法观察大鼠脑梗死体积,免疫荧光染色法检测小胶质细胞活化标志物 Iba1,Real-time PCR 检测小胶质细胞M1/M2极化表型分子mRNA 水平的变化,NeuN染色法观察神经元数量,Fluoro-Jade B 染色法观察神经元变性情况,Western-blotting检测脑组织中CysLT2蛋白和核因子κB相关蛋白Cα(PKCα)、NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκBα)、p65和p50 蛋白的表达变化。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠神经症状评分、脑梗死体积均明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组大鼠的神经症状评分、脑梗死体积明显降低或缩小(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色法检测结果显示,脑缺血损伤后大鼠脑组织中小胶质细胞活化标志物 Iba1 表达增加(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠缺血中心区脑组织中M1极化分子CD86IL-1βTNF-α和M2极化分子CD206TGF-βIL-10的mRNA表达均明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组M1 极化分子表达明显下调(P<0.05),M2 极化分子表达明显上调(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中 PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05)。NeuN染色结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中神经元数量减少(P<0.05),变性神经元数量增多(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组神经元数量增多(P<0.05),变性神经元数量减少(P<0.05)。结论 CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379可能通过调控PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB信号通路,抑制小胶质细胞的M1型极化激活,促进其向M2型极化转变,抑制神经元的变性,发挥神经保护作用。

, correspAuthors=赵蕊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
赵蕊,E-mail:
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李明星,主管药师,主要从事脑缺血损伤及肺血管重构的分子机制研究

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李明星,主管药师,主要从事脑缺血损伤及肺血管重构的分子机制研究

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orderNo=3, keyword=小胶质细胞激活), Keyword(id=1199700886143464179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=M1/M2极化), Keyword(id=1199700886252516087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=神经元损伤)], refs=[Reference(id=1199700890258076482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=335, issue=null, pageStart=113518, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E, journalName=Exp Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E. 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与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=AtlSbJhS0pzTvv0v/n4mZw==, figureFileBig=As3znVsFz9srqXgItun+4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700886785192708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of HAMI3379 on cerebral infarct volume in rats, figureFileSmall=aQ3NC59NmA8dTQOiL+u/DQ==, figureFileBig=HlYzQzifW2oq1aNTGwiJQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700886860690184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血后脑梗死体积的影响

与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=aQ3NC59NmA8dTQOiL+u/DQ==, figureFileBig=HlYzQzifW2oq1aNTGwiJQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700886948770571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The expression of CysLT2 and count of Iba1 positive cells in brain tissue of rats after cerebral ischemia injury ($\bar{x}±s$, n=3), figureFileSmall=VMLqxW557ISB0dBU5/SKkA==, figureFileBig=9xtCfNFv1dCblIkuLq7gNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700887045239567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大鼠脑缺血损伤后脑组织中CysLT2表达水平和Iba1阳性细胞数的变化($\bar{x}±s$,n=3)

CysLT2. 半胱氨酰白三烯2受体;Iba1. 离子钙结合衔接分子1;A. CysLT2表达水平(Western blotting);B. Iba1阳性细胞数(免疫荧光染色);与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=VMLqxW557ISB0dBU5/SKkA==, figureFileBig=9xtCfNFv1dCblIkuLq7gNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700887133319952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of HAMI3379 on mRNA level of M1/M2 polarized phenotype molecules in rat`s microglia after cerebral ischemia injury ($\bar{x}±s$, n=5), figureFileSmall=NsHtK1dLsyUKfliXGNv94w==, figureFileBig=AOPbrvISq2oikHAWXl/KKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700888274170641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤后小胶质细胞 M1/M2 极化分子 mRNA 表达的影响($\bar{x}±s$,n=5)

IL. 白细胞介素;TNF-α. 肿瘤坏死因子-α;TGF-β. 转化生长因子-β;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=NsHtK1dLsyUKfliXGNv94w==, figureFileBig=AOPbrvISq2oikHAWXl/KKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700888366445331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of HAMI3379 on the number and degeneration of neurons in rats after cerebral ischemia injury ($\bar{x}±s$, n=3), figureFileSmall=Q7WttMIOBn/YiYDBbeDZNg==, figureFileBig=sTBIlnXCJGEEUCGYimzwZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700888454525719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, label=图5, caption=HAMI3379 对大鼠脑缺血损伤后神经元数量及变性情况的影响($\bar{x}±s$,n=3)

A. NeuN 染色;B. Fluoro-Jade B 染色;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=Q7WttMIOBn/YiYDBbeDZNg==, figureFileBig=sTBIlnXCJGEEUCGYimzwZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700888550994713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of HAMI3379 on protein expression of PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway in rat's brain after cerebral ischemia injury ($\bar{x}±s$, n=3), figureFileSmall=WBlB4rLa23SngQkDoK9T0A==, figureFileBig=1eEeu0AWm1EGV3kdMWxNKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700888647463707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤后脑组织中PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB信号通路蛋白表达的影响($\bar{x}±s$,n=3)

PKCα. CysLT2受体蛋白和NF-κB相关的蛋白激酶Cα;IκBα. NF-κB抑制蛋白;与假手术组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=WBlB4rLa23SngQkDoK9T0A==, figureFileBig=1eEeu0AWm1EGV3kdMWxNKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700888823624479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences for real-time PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列长度(bp)
CD86正义:F-5'-AGGACACGGGCTTGTATGATTG-3'190
反义:R-5'-GGTTTCGGGTATCCTTGCTTAG-3'
IL-1β正义:F-5'-GGCAACTGTCCCTGAACTCAAC-3'249
反义:R-5'-AAGCTCCACGGGCAAGACATA-3'
TNF-α正义:F-5'-CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTACTG-3'151
反义:R-5'-TGGGCTACGGGCTTGTCACT-3'
CD206正义:F-5'-TGTTTTGGCTGGGACTGACCTA-3'240
反义:R-5'-CGGGTGTAGGCTCGGGTAGTAG-3'
IL-10正义:F-5'-CACTGCTATGTTGCCTGCTCTT-3'100
反义:R-5'-GTCTGGCTGACTGGGAAGTGG-3'
TGF-β正义:F-5'-GGCGGTGCTCGCTTTGTA-3'201
反义:R-5'-TCCCGAATGTCTGACGTATTGA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1199700889041728289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712868168368, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Real-time PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列长度(bp)
CD86正义:F-5'-AGGACACGGGCTTGTATGATTG-3'190
反义:R-5'-GGTTTCGGGTATCCTTGCTTAG-3'
IL-1β正义:F-5'-GGCAACTGTCCCTGAACTCAAC-3'249
反义:R-5'-AAGCTCCACGGGCAAGACATA-3'
TNF-α正义:F-5'-CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTACTG-3'151
反义:R-5'-TGGGCTACGGGCTTGTCACT-3'
CD206正义:F-5'-TGTTTTGGCTGGGACTGACCTA-3'240
反义:R-5'-CGGGTGTAGGCTCGGGTAGTAG-3'
IL-10正义:F-5'-CACTGCTATGTTGCCTGCTCTT-3'100
反义:R-5'-GTCTGGCTGACTGGGAAGTGG-3'
TGF-β正义:F-5'-GGCGGTGCTCGCTTTGTA-3'201
反义:R-5'-TCCCGAATGTCTGACGTATTGA-3'
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CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其机制
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李明星 , 应苗法 , 顾胜龙 , 赵蕊 *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(12): 1395-1402
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(12): 1395-1402
CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其机制
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李明星, 应苗法, 顾胜龙, 赵蕊*
作者信息
  • 浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院药剂科,浙江杭州 310016
  • 李明星,主管药师,主要从事脑缺血损伤及肺血管重构的分子机制研究

通讯作者:

赵蕊,E-mail:
Protective effect of CysLT2 receptor antagonist HAMI3379 on cerebral ischemia injury of rats and its mechanism
Ming-Xing Li, Miao-Fa Ying, Sheng-Long Gu, Rui Zhao*
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
出版时间: 2023-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1297.2023.0524
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目的 探究半胱氨酰白三烯2(CysLT2)受体拮抗剂HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组与HAMI3379组,每组10只。模型组大鼠采用大脑中动脉阻断术(MCAO)构建脑缺血损伤模型,HAMI3379组在MCAO术前和术后30 min腹腔注射HAMI3379(0.2 mg/kg)。对脑缺血损伤后的大鼠行神经症状评分,TTC染色法观察大鼠脑梗死体积,免疫荧光染色法检测小胶质细胞活化标志物 Iba1,Real-time PCR 检测小胶质细胞M1/M2极化表型分子mRNA 水平的变化,NeuN染色法观察神经元数量,Fluoro-Jade B 染色法观察神经元变性情况,Western-blotting检测脑组织中CysLT2蛋白和核因子κB相关蛋白Cα(PKCα)、NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκBα)、p65和p50 蛋白的表达变化。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠神经症状评分、脑梗死体积均明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组大鼠的神经症状评分、脑梗死体积明显降低或缩小(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色法检测结果显示,脑缺血损伤后大鼠脑组织中小胶质细胞活化标志物 Iba1 表达增加(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠缺血中心区脑组织中M1极化分子CD86IL-1βTNF-α和M2极化分子CD206TGF-βIL-10的mRNA表达均明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组M1 极化分子表达明显下调(P<0.05),M2 极化分子表达明显上调(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中 PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05)。NeuN染色结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中神经元数量减少(P<0.05),变性神经元数量增多(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组神经元数量增多(P<0.05),变性神经元数量减少(P<0.05)。结论 CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379可能通过调控PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB信号通路,抑制小胶质细胞的M1型极化激活,促进其向M2型极化转变,抑制神经元的变性,发挥神经保护作用。

脑缺血损伤  /  CysLT2受体  /  小胶质细胞激活  /  M1/M2极化  /  神经元损伤

Objective To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of cysteinyl leukotriene 2 (CysLT2) receptor antagonist HAMI3379 on cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and HAMI3379 group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats of model group were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to construct the cerebral ischemia injury model, while HAMI3379 group received intraperitoneal injection of HAMI3379 (0.2 mg/kg) before and after MCAO 30 min. The rats after cerebral ischemia injury were scored for neurological symptoms. The infarction volume of rats was observed by TTC staining, the activation marker Iba1 of microglia was detected by immunofluorescence staining, the mRNA level of M1/M2 polarized phenotype molecules of microglia was detected by Real-time PCR, the number of neurons was observed by NeuN staining, and neuronal degeneration was observed by Fluoro-Jade B staining. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of CysLT2 protein and nuclear factors κB-related protein Cα (PKCα), IκBα, p65 and p50 proteins in brain tissue. Results Compared with sham operation group, the neurological symptom score and cerebral infarction volume of model group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the neurological symptom score and cerebral infarction volume of HAMI3379 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of microglia activation marker Iba1 was increased in brain tissue of rats after cerebral ischemia injury (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, mRNA expression of M1 polarized molecules (CD86, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 polarized molecules (CD206, TGF-β, IL-10) were significantly increased in the ischemic central brain tissue of model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the expression of M1 polarized molecules in HAMI3379 group was significantly downregulated (P<0.05), while the expression of M2 polarized molecules was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, the expressions of PKCα, IκBα, p65 and p50 in brain tissue of model group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05); compared with model group, the expressions of PKCα, IκBα, p65, and p50 in HAMI3379 group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). The NeuN staining results showed that the number of neurons in the brain tissue of model group was decreased when compared with sham operation group (P<0.05), while the number of degenerated neurons was increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the number of neurons in HAMI3379 group was increased (P<0.05), while the number of degenerated neurons was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions CysLT2 receptor antagonist HAMI3379 may regulate PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibits M1 polarization activation of microglia and promotes its transition to M2 polarization, inhibits neuronal degeneration, and plays a neuroprotective role.

cerebral ischemia injury  /  cysLT2 receptor  /  activation of microglia  /  M1/M2 polarization  /  neurons injury
李明星, 应苗法, 顾胜龙, 赵蕊. CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1395 -1402 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1297.2023.0524
Ming-Xing Li, Miao-Fa Ying, Sheng-Long Gu, Rui Zhao. Protective effect of CysLT2 receptor antagonist HAMI3379 on cerebral ischemia injury of rats and its mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1395 -1402 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1297.2023.0524
缺血性脑卒中又称为脑梗死,是临床常见的脑卒中类型,具有较高的致残率、病死率及复发率;由于其治疗时间窗窄,预后效果差,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗手段[1-2]。已有研究显示,缺血性脑损伤的发生与氧化应激损伤、炎症反应、谷氨酸的兴奋毒性、钙超载、细胞凋亡及线粒体功能紊乱相关,其中炎症反应在脑缺血损伤过程中发挥重要作用[3]。在缺血性脑损伤发生后,小胶质细胞的激活是炎症反应发生的第一步;在缺血急性期,活化的小胶质细胞能够分泌炎性因子,促进炎症反应的发生[4]。与外周巨噬细胞极化类似,小胶质细胞的激活也有M1和M2两种极化表型,M1型称为经典的激活,可促进炎症反应的发生,对神经元有损伤作用;M2型称为替代激活,对神经元有保护作用[5]。半胱氨酰白三烯2(cysteinyl leukotriene 2,CysLT2)受体是高度活化的脂质调控子,在缺血的脑组织和受损的神经元中高度表达,参与调控脑损伤的过程[6]。本课题组前期研究显示,CysLT2受体激动剂NMLTC4能够诱导小胶质细胞呈M1型激活,促进炎性因子如白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α的释放,促进神经元凋亡;CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379可逆转小胶质细胞的M1型激活,促进其向M2型转化,抑制神经元凋亡,发挥神经保护作用[7]。本研究拟在动物水平进一步观察HAMI3379对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用,并探讨其可能的机制。
健康成年雄性SD大鼠30只,体重200~250 g,购于浙江省医学科学院实验动物中心[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(浙)2014-0001]。动物饲养及所有动物实验均在浙江省医学科学院实验动物中心完成。本研究获浙江省医学科学院实验动物伦理委员会批准(SRRSH202102027)。
将雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组与HAMI3379组,每组10只。采用大脑中动脉阻断术(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)构建大鼠脑缺血损伤模型[8],具体步骤如下:SD大鼠术前称重后麻醉、固定,在颈正中部切开,暴露并分离双侧颈总动脉,结扎颈总动脉近心端,用动脉夹夹住颈总动脉的远心端并剪开一小切口,将尼龙线从切口插入,将切口用缝线轻轻扎住,然后松开颈总动脉远心端的动脉夹,将尼龙线轻轻送入颈内动脉,再送入Willian's 环,尼龙线头端距颈总动脉分叉处约1.0 cm,阻塞大脑中动脉起始部,造成大脑中动脉缺血。最后,将尼龙线固定好,缝合皮肤,消毒,将大鼠放在加热箱内保温,待其麻醉完全苏醒后放回动物饲养室。待实验到达终点,大鼠断头取脑组织,用于后续相关指标的检测。HAMI3379组大鼠分别在MCAO术前和术后30 min腹腔注射HAMI3379(美国Cayman,No.10580)0.2 mg/kg,共给药2次;假手术组和模型组大鼠按同样时间腹腔注射生理盐水(1 ml/kg)2次。
大鼠脑缺血损伤后,参照神经症状评分标准,每组取5只大鼠进行神经症状评分:0分,无任何神经功能缺损症状;1分,轻度神经功能缺损,左前爪不能完全伸直;2分,中度神经功能缺损,向左侧行走;3分,重度神经功能缺损,向左侧转圈;4分,不能自发行走且意识丧失。
将冷冻脑组织切成厚 2 mm的切片,置于0.5% TTC溶液中37 ℃避光孵育15 min,然后将切片置于多聚甲醛中固定,染成红色者为正常脑组织,染成白色者为梗死脑组织;采用 ImageJ 软件测定脑组织梗死面积,计算脑梗死体积。脑梗死体积=脑切片梗死面积×切片厚度之和。
将脑组织切片PBS洗3次,3%过氧化氢室温孵育30 min,PBS洗3次,5%山羊血清室温封闭2 h,加入抗离子钙结合衔接分子1(ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1,Iba1)抗体(英国Abcam, EPR16589,1∶100),4 ℃孵育过夜;回收一抗,加入Cy3标记的山羊抗兔IgG (H+L)(上海碧云天,A0516,1∶200),37 ℃避光孵育 30 min;中性树脂封片;荧光显微镜下观察、拍照。
取脑组织冷冻切片用0.01 mol/L PBS 冲洗5 min×3次,山羊血清室温封闭30 min,吸水纸吸干,滴加小鼠NeuN抗体(1∶200),置于湿盒中孵育,4 ℃冰箱中过夜。用0.01 mol/L PBS冲洗 5 min×3次,然后加Cy3荧光素标记山羊抗小鼠IgG二抗(1∶500)孵育2 h,PBS洗5 min×3次;DAPI复染15 min,PBS洗5 min×1次;甘油封片,荧光显微镜下观察、拍照,选取60倍油镜视野下的图片统计神经元数量。
取脑组织切片,依次将切片放入二甲苯Ⅰ 15 min、二甲苯Ⅱ 15 min、无水乙醇Ⅰ 5 min、无水乙醇Ⅱ 5 min、85%乙醇5 min、75%乙醇5 min、蒸馏水洗;0.1%冰醋酸作溶剂,配置 FJB 工作液,FJB染色4 ℃过夜;二甲苯透明1 min,中性树脂封片;荧光显微镜下观察、拍照。
取脑组织100 mg,用组织匀浆器研磨成匀浆,加入1 ml Trizol裂解液和200 μl氯仿,12 000 r/min离心15 min,取上清加入等体积的异丙醇,10 000 r/min离心10 min,去上清并加入75%乙醇洗1次,7500 r/min离心5 min,加入100 μl DEPC 水溶解。设计并合成 M1/M2 表型基因引物 (表 1),引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。按照试剂盒说明书进行反转录和扩增实验;以 GAPDH 作为内参对照基因,以2-ΔΔCt法处理结果数据。
取脑组织100 mg,加入500 μl RIPA裂解液(上海碧云天,P0013B),采用组织匀浆器研磨,冰上裂解30 min,12 000 r/min离心15 min,收集上清,采用BCA试剂盒进行定量(上海碧云天,P0009);取30 mg 蛋白样品与上样缓冲液混合,行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h,加入兔抗CysLT2(英国Abcam,1∶500)、PKCα(美国Proteintech,1∶1000)、IκBα(美国Proteintech,1∶1000)、p65(美国Proteintech,1∶1000)抗体,4 ℃孵育过夜;加入山羊抗兔IgG二抗常温孵育1 h,TBST洗膜,显影、定影;采用ImageJ 软件对蛋白条带进行灰度分析。
采用 SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料符合正态分布时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),进一步两两比较采用Tukey检验;神经症状评分数据采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis(K-W)检验[7]P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
大鼠脑缺血损伤模型构建成功24 h后,对各组大鼠神经症状进行评分,结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠神经症状评分明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组大鼠神经症状评分明显降低(P<0.05,图1)。
大鼠脑缺血损伤后,缺血一侧大脑半球能够观察到明显的梗死区,提示脑缺血损伤模型构建成功。脑冠状切片的 TTC 染色结果显示,正常脑组织呈红色,梗死区呈白色(图2)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑梗死体积明显增大(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组大鼠脑梗死体积明显缩小(P<0.05)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,脑缺血损伤后,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中CysLT2蛋白表达水平明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组CysLT2蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图3A)。免疫荧光染色检测结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织小胶质细胞标志分子Iba1阳性细胞数明显增多(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组小胶质细胞Iba1阳性细胞数明显减少(P<0.05,图3B)。
Real-time PCR法检测显示,与假手术组比较,模型组M1/M2极化表型分子CD86IL-1βTNF-αCD206TGF-βIL-10的mRNA表达均明显上调(P<0.05,图4);与模型组比较,HAMI3379 组M1 极化分子CD86IL-1βTNF-α的mRNA表达均明显下调(P<0.05),M2极化表型分子CD206TGF-βIL-10的mRNA表达均明显上调(P<0.05)。
NeuN染色结果显示,神经元胞质被染成红色,细胞核呈蓝色,与假手术组比较,模型组神经元数量明显减少(P<0.05,图5A);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组神经元数量明显增多(P<0.05)。Fluoro-Jade B 染色结果显示,变性神经元胞体和轴突或树突呈绿色荧光;与假手术组比较,模型组变性神经元数量明显增多(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组变性神经元数量明显减少(P<0.05,图5B)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50蛋白的表达均明显上调(P<0.05);与模型组比较,HAMI3379组大鼠脑组织中PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50 蛋白的表达均明显下调(P<0.05,图6)。
5-脂氧酶产物CysLT是一类重要的炎性介质,在外周和中枢神经系统均可发挥调节作用。CysLT受体可分为CysLT1和CysLT2受体,均属于G蛋白偶联受体[9]。CysLT1受体分布于支气管、肺、鼻黏膜及外周血白细胞、肥大细胞等组织和细胞,在脑内分布较少,正常情况下仅在脑微血管内皮细胞表达;CysLT2受体除表达于人外周血白细胞、脾和淋巴结外,还特异性地表达于心脏、肾上腺和脑[10]。既往研究显示,CysLT2受体在人、大鼠、小鼠脑内均有表达;在人脑,CysLT2受体主要表达于血管平滑肌细胞,在脑外伤及肿瘤时,CysLT2受体表达增强;在大鼠脑内,CysLT2受体主要表达于大脑皮层和脑室周围的星形胶质细胞,局灶性脑缺血后,CysLT2受体表达上调;另外,在小鼠脑缺血损伤模型中,CysLT2受体的表达也显著上调[11-12]。本研究探究HAMI3379对CysLT2受体的表达是否有影响,结果显示,HAMI3379可显著下调CysLT2受体的表达。有研究显示,在大鼠脑缺血损伤模型构建前后30 min,脑内注射CysLT2受体shRNA或腹腔注射CysLT2受体选择性拮抗剂HAMI3379可抑制CysLT2受体功能,脑损伤变化观察结果显示,两者均可改善大鼠局灶性脑缺血后神经功能缺陷,减少脑梗死体积,减轻神经元损伤;两者对神经损伤保护作用的有效时间窗是缺血后0~1 h,且两次给药比单次注射HAMI3379效果更好,HAMI3379腹腔注射给药可剂量依赖性改善大鼠脑缺血后的神经功能损伤[13]。因此,本研究在探究HAMI3379对脑缺血损伤的保护作用时,采取MCAO 术前和术后两次腹腔注射HAMI3379。
既往研究显示,CysLT2受体并不直接介导神经元损伤,而是通过激活小胶质细胞间接介导神经元损伤;大鼠脑缺血损伤24 h后,小胶质细胞被激活,IL-1β、TNF-α、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)的表达量增加;HAMI3379能够抑制缺血中心区小胶质细胞活化及中性粒细胞聚集,减轻炎症反应及神经元损伤[11]。在小鼠创伤性脑损伤早期,小胶质细胞与巨噬细胞中M1/M2极化表型分子均显著表达,随着损伤时间的延长,M2极化表型的小胶质细胞不断增多,逐渐取代M1极化表型的小胶质细胞,发挥抗炎作用[14-15]。在缺血缺氧的小鼠模型中,缺血诱导小鼠小胶质细胞呈M1型极化激活,促进炎性因子释放及加重组织损伤;而抑制小胶质细胞的M1型极化激活,增加M2型极化相关基因的表达,可抑制炎性因子释放及减轻组织损伤[16-17]。另有研究显示,在大鼠缺血再灌注损伤1~8周,免疫荧光染色观察显示CD68+/Iba1、CD206+/Iba1比值增大,小胶质细胞呈M1型极化,脑血流循环不足,发生慢性灌注损伤[18]
本研究在大鼠脑缺血损伤模型中观察到,脑缺血损伤后,大鼠脑组织缺血中心区小胶质细胞标志分子Iba1表达增加,小胶质细胞被激活;小胶质细胞M1和M2极化表型分子的mRNA表达均明显上调;HAMI3379可抑制M1极化表型分子mRNA表达上调,增加M2极化表型分子mRNA的表达,促进小胶质细胞由M1向M2极化表型转化,且抑制神经元变性及神经元数量的减少。Zhao等[19]研究显示,抑制CysLT2受体表达及ERK1/2磷酸化,可抑制小胶质细胞的M1型极化,增加M2型小胶质细胞的数量,以及缺血半球皮质和海马中抗炎细胞因子及神经营养因子的生成,减轻脑缺血损伤。在原代小胶质细胞和BV-2细胞系水平,CysLT2受体能够直接调控小胶质细胞的M1与M2型极化,CysLT2受体激动剂NMLTC4可诱导小胶质细胞呈M1型极化激活,促进炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α的释放,增加其吞噬功能,促进神经元的凋亡;HAMI3379可抑制M1极化分子的表达,上调M2极化分子的表达,抑制炎性因子释放及吞噬功能,减少神经元凋亡,发挥神经保护作用。
本研究存在一定的局限性。研究显示,大鼠脑缺血损伤后,脑组织中PKCα、IκBα、p65、p50蛋白的表达明显上调,PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB信号通路呈活化状态;而HAMI3379可抑制上述蛋白的表达,改善脑缺血损伤,提示CysLT2受体可能通过调控PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB信号通路介导大鼠脑缺血损伤;但在动物水平,未能将CysLT2受体沉默或使用NF-κB抑制剂Bay11-7082干预,探究HAMI3379对脑缺血损伤的调控作用,后续研究将进一步深入探究。
综上所述,本研究从动物水平探究了CysLT2受体拮抗剂HAMI3379对小胶质细胞M1/M2极化表型的调控作用,结果表明,其可能通过PKCα/IκBα/NF-κB信号通路调控小胶质细胞极化表型的转化,抑制小胶质细胞的M1型极化激活,促进其由M1向M2型转变,抑制神经元变性,发挥神经保护作用。
  • 浙江省自然科学基金(LYY20H310002)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金(LYY21H310002)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金(LYY19H310010)
  • 浙江省中医药科技计划项目(2023ZF124)
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2023年第48卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1297.2023.0524
  • 接收时间:2022-06-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-09
  • 录用日期:2022-11-05
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LYY20H310002)
浙江省自然科学基金(LYY20H310002)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LYY21H310002)
浙江省自然科学基金(LYY21H310002)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LYY19H310010)
浙江省自然科学基金(LYY19H310010)
Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province(2023ZF124)
浙江省中医药科技计划项目(2023ZF124)
作者信息
    浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院药剂科,浙江杭州 310016

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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