Article(id=1199688712163525271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0333.2023.0828, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1677772800000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1680710400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-04-06, onlineDate=1763957678118, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1703692800000, pubDateStr=2023-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763957678118, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763957678118, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763957678118, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199688705905623579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='12', pageStart='1359', pageEnd='1491', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763957676626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763958367038, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1370, endPage=1377, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199688712520041119, articleId=1199688712163525271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Study on the preventive effect of schisandrin on neural tube defects in mice and its mechanism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of schisandrin (SCH) on fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) of mice and its mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were mated with female and male at a ratio of 2:1. Pregnant female mice with vaginal plug after mating were randomly divided into control group, model group, SCH group, and folic acid group, with 9 mice in each group. The NTDs fetal mice model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) (7.5 mg/kg) on embryonic day 7.5 (E 7.5 d). During E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d, pregnant rats in folic acid group were given folic acid [61.0 μg/(kg·d)] by gavage once a day, and pregnant rats in SCH group were given SCH [8.0 mg/(kg·d)] by gavage once a day. Fetal mice were removed by cesarean section on E 11.5 d. PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group and SCH group. PC12 cells were treated with atRA (20 μmol/L) for 12 hours to establish cell damage model in model group, and treated with SCH (2.5 μmol/L) for 24 hours in SCH group. Fetuses were identified NTDs by stereoscopic microscopy. HE staining was used to observe the closure of the neural tube. The expression levels of p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt molecules in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected by Western Blotting. Results Compared with control group, the incidence of NTDs was significantly increased in mice of model group (P<0.01); compared with model group, the incidence of NTDs was decreased in folic acid group and SCH group (P<0.01); compared with folic acid group, SCH group had a lower incidence of NTDs (P<0.01). Western Blotting results showed that compared with control group, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in fetal tissues of model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with model group, there was no significant difference in expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in fetal tissues of folic acid group (P>0.05), while the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in SCH group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with control group, PC12 cells in model group showed lower expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.05); compared with model group, PC12 cells in SCH group showed higher expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.05). Conclusions SCH can reduce the incidence of atRA-induced NTDs in fetal mice, and its preventive effect is better than folic acid, which may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Cun-Gen Ma, Hui-Jie Fan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Fan Hui-Jie, E-mail:
Ma Cun-Gen, E-mail:
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目的 探究五味子醇甲(SCH)对小鼠神经管畸形(NTDs)的预防作用及其机制。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠按照雌雄2∶1比例合笼,将交配后有阴栓的雌鼠(孕鼠)随机分为对照组、模型组、SCH组与叶酸组,每组9只。除对照组外,在孕鼠妊娠7.5 d(E 7.5 d)时腹腔注射全反式维甲酸(atRA)(7.5 mg/kg)诱导胎鼠NTDs模型;在E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d,叶酸组孕鼠连续灌胃给予叶酸(61.0 μg/(kg·d),SCH组孕鼠连续灌胃给予SCH(8.0 mg/(kg·d),1次/d;在E 11.5 d实行剖宫产手术取出胎鼠。将PC12细胞分为对照组、模型组与SCH组,模型组采用atRA(20 μmol/L)处理12 h建立细胞损伤模型,SCH组再使用SCH(2.5 μmol/L)处理24 h。体视显微镜下鉴定胎鼠NTDs;HE染色观察胎鼠神经管闭合情况;Western blotting检测磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/Akt)信号通路p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组胎鼠NTDs发病率明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,叶酸组和SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率降低(P<0.01);与叶酸组比较,SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率降低(P<0.01)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组胎鼠组织p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);与模型组比较,叶酸组胎鼠组织p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SCH组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组PC12细胞p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SCH组PC12细胞p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平增高(P<0.05)。结论 SCH可降低atRA导致的胎鼠NTDs发病率,其预防效果优于叶酸,这可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。

, correspAuthors=马存根, 樊慧杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
樊慧杰,E-mail:
马存根,E-mail:
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茹意,硕士研究生,主要从事神经系统疾病的中西医结合防治研究

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茹意,硕士研究生,主要从事神经系统疾病的中西医结合防治研究

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BDNF介导PI3K/Akt信号通路在神经病理性疼痛中的作用及干预研究进展[J]. 赣南医学院学报, 2021, 41(4): 327-331., articleTitle=BDNF介导PI3K/Akt信号通路在神经病理性疼痛中的作用及干预研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199700895630980001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712163525271, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=120, issue=null, pageStart=228, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Li H, Tang Z, Chu P, journalName=Free Radic Biol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H, Tang Z, Chu P, et al. Neuroprotective effect of phosphocreatine on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo: involvement of dual PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways[J]. 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Genet Mol Res, 2016, 15(1): 7184., articleTitle=PI3K, AKT, and P-AKT levels in thin endometrium, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199700895781974949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712163525271, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=128, issue=null, pageStart=110743, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Yan TX, Sun Y, Gong GW, journalName=Exp Gerontol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan TX, Sun Y, Gong GW, et al. The neuroprotective effect of schisandrol A on 6-OHDA-induced PD mice may be related to PI3K/AKT and IKK/IκBα/NF-κB pathway[J]. 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articleId=1199688712163525271, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Morphology of fetus mice under stereomicroscope, figureFileSmall=6H1V8cPYV15pp/dBYBwowQ==, figureFileBig=VuHJCeQVlb8JBplTfAMqJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700886009246448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712163525271, language=CN, label=图1, caption=体视显微镜下胎鼠形态观察

A. 正常胎鼠;B. 脊柱裂畸形;C. 无脑畸形;D. 脑裂畸形;E. 脑膨出畸形;F. 无眼畸形;G. 颌面部畸形;H. 发育迟缓;I. 吸收胎

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SCH. 五味子醇甲;MY. 末脑;MT. 后脑;MS. 中脑;D. 间脑;T. 端脑

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p-PI3K. 磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶;Akt. 蛋白激酶B;p-Akt. 磷酸化蛋白激酶B;NTDs. 神经管畸形;SCH. 五味子醇甲;*P<0.05,**P<0.01

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p-PI3K. 磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶;Akt. 蛋白激酶B;p-Akt. 磷酸化蛋白激酶B;SCH. 五味子醇甲;*P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=3jMO62+FmPhdrzpL/id2Zg==, figureFileBig=9k/tCJztKFXzhDqNyHhu5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199700886755832580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712163525271, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The incidence of NTDs in each group of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别孕鼠(只)胎鼠(只)NTDs [只(%)]
对照组9720
模型组97359(80.8)(1)
SCH组98919(21.4)(1)(2)(3)
叶酸组96926(37.7)(1)(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886843912967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688712163525271, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组胎鼠NTDs发病率比较

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组别孕鼠(只)胎鼠(只)NTDs [只(%)]
对照组9720
模型组97359(80.8)(1)
SCH组98919(21.4)(1)(2)(3)
叶酸组96926(37.7)(1)(2)
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五味子醇甲对小鼠神经管畸形的预防作用及其机制研究
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茹意 1 , 谢良骐 1 , 王新亮 1 , 肖保国 2 , 金小明 3 , 马存根 1, * , 柴智 1 , 樊慧杰 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(12): 1370-1377
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(12): 1370-1377
五味子醇甲对小鼠神经管畸形的预防作用及其机制研究
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茹意1, 谢良骐1, 王新亮1, 肖保国2, 金小明3, 马存根1, * , 柴智1, 樊慧杰1, *
作者信息
  • 1山西中医药大学多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619
  • 2复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025
  • 3美国印第安纳大学医学院,印第安纳波利斯 46202
  • 茹意,硕士研究生,主要从事神经系统疾病的中西医结合防治研究

通讯作者:

樊慧杰,E-mail:
马存根,E-mail:
Study on the preventive effect of schisandrin on neural tube defects in mice and its mechanism
Yi Ru1, Liang-Qi Xie1, Xin-Liang Wang1, Bao-Guo Xiao2, Xiao-Ming Jin3, Cun-Gen Ma1, * , Zhi Chai1, Hui-Jie Fan1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Multiple Sclerosis Supplementing Qi and Promoting Blood Circulation/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China
  • 2Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China
  • 3Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA
出版时间: 2023-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0333.2023.0828
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目的 探究五味子醇甲(SCH)对小鼠神经管畸形(NTDs)的预防作用及其机制。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠按照雌雄2∶1比例合笼,将交配后有阴栓的雌鼠(孕鼠)随机分为对照组、模型组、SCH组与叶酸组,每组9只。除对照组外,在孕鼠妊娠7.5 d(E 7.5 d)时腹腔注射全反式维甲酸(atRA)(7.5 mg/kg)诱导胎鼠NTDs模型;在E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d,叶酸组孕鼠连续灌胃给予叶酸(61.0 μg/(kg·d),SCH组孕鼠连续灌胃给予SCH(8.0 mg/(kg·d),1次/d;在E 11.5 d实行剖宫产手术取出胎鼠。将PC12细胞分为对照组、模型组与SCH组,模型组采用atRA(20 μmol/L)处理12 h建立细胞损伤模型,SCH组再使用SCH(2.5 μmol/L)处理24 h。体视显微镜下鉴定胎鼠NTDs;HE染色观察胎鼠神经管闭合情况;Western blotting检测磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/Akt)信号通路p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组胎鼠NTDs发病率明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,叶酸组和SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率降低(P<0.01);与叶酸组比较,SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率降低(P<0.01)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组胎鼠组织p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);与模型组比较,叶酸组胎鼠组织p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SCH组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组PC12细胞p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SCH组PC12细胞p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平增高(P<0.05)。结论 SCH可降低atRA导致的胎鼠NTDs发病率,其预防效果优于叶酸,这可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。

神经管畸形  /  五味子醇甲  /  PI3K/Akt信号通路  /  预防

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of schisandrin (SCH) on fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) of mice and its mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were mated with female and male at a ratio of 2:1. Pregnant female mice with vaginal plug after mating were randomly divided into control group, model group, SCH group, and folic acid group, with 9 mice in each group. The NTDs fetal mice model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) (7.5 mg/kg) on embryonic day 7.5 (E 7.5 d). During E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d, pregnant rats in folic acid group were given folic acid [61.0 μg/(kg·d)] by gavage once a day, and pregnant rats in SCH group were given SCH [8.0 mg/(kg·d)] by gavage once a day. Fetal mice were removed by cesarean section on E 11.5 d. PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group and SCH group. PC12 cells were treated with atRA (20 μmol/L) for 12 hours to establish cell damage model in model group, and treated with SCH (2.5 μmol/L) for 24 hours in SCH group. Fetuses were identified NTDs by stereoscopic microscopy. HE staining was used to observe the closure of the neural tube. The expression levels of p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt molecules in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected by Western Blotting. Results Compared with control group, the incidence of NTDs was significantly increased in mice of model group (P<0.01); compared with model group, the incidence of NTDs was decreased in folic acid group and SCH group (P<0.01); compared with folic acid group, SCH group had a lower incidence of NTDs (P<0.01). Western Blotting results showed that compared with control group, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in fetal tissues of model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with model group, there was no significant difference in expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in fetal tissues of folic acid group (P>0.05), while the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in SCH group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with control group, PC12 cells in model group showed lower expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.05); compared with model group, PC12 cells in SCH group showed higher expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.05). Conclusions SCH can reduce the incidence of atRA-induced NTDs in fetal mice, and its preventive effect is better than folic acid, which may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

neural tube defects  /  schisandrin  /  PI3K/Akt signaling pathway  /  prevention
茹意, 谢良骐, 王新亮, 肖保国, 金小明, 马存根, 柴智, 樊慧杰. 五味子醇甲对小鼠神经管畸形的预防作用及其机制研究. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1370 -1377 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0333.2023.0828
Yi Ru, Liang-Qi Xie, Xin-Liang Wang, Bao-Guo Xiao, Xiao-Ming Jin, Cun-Gen Ma, Zhi Chai, Hui-Jie Fan. Study on the preventive effect of schisandrin on neural tube defects in mice and its mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1370 -1377 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0333.2023.0828
神经管畸形(neural tube defects,NTDs)是常见的严重出生缺陷性疾病之一[1]。据世界卫生组织统计,全球每年约有9万例NTDs患儿死亡,860万例患儿残疾[2]。目前叶酸(folic acid)是预防NTDs的唯一用药,但仍有约30%的NTDs不能被预防[3-4],因此,亟需寻找更有效的药物来弥补该不足。NTDs的发病机制尚不明确,但大量研究显示,磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)信号通路与NTDs的发生密切相关[5]。有研究显示,激活PI3K/Akt信号通路可降低NTDs的发生率[6]
五味子醇甲(schisandrin,SCH)是中药五味子中可通过血脑屏障的二苯并环辛二烯(dibenzocycloo-ctadiene lignans)木脂素类成分[7-8],具有抗凋亡、抗氧化、神经保护等多种药理作用[9-11]。有临床研究报道,SCH对人体健康不会造成危害[12-13]。研究显示,SCH对多种神经系统疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等)有一定的治疗作用[14-15],但其能否预防全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,atRA)诱导的NTDs仍不明确。本研究利用atRA建立NTDs小鼠模型和PC12细胞损伤模型,观察SCH对NTDs是否有预防作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。
8~10周龄SPF级未经产近交系C57BL/6小鼠58只(雌性40只,雄性18只),体重(18±2) g,购自北京维通利华实验动物科技有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2021-0006]。饲养于恒温(22±2) ℃、相对湿度40%~60%、12 h/12 h昼夜循环的标准实验室条件下。所有动物实验均按照《实验动物-动物福利伦理审查指南》的伦理标准进行。本研究方案经山西中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(AWE20200319)。
大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC12细胞)由山西中医药大学益气活血国家中医药管理局重点实验室提供,培养于含有10%胎牛血清、1%青链霉素的DMEM高糖培养基中,于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养。
(1)SCH购自成都普菲德生物技术有限公司,白色粉末状,纯度≥99%;分子式C24H32O7;分子量432.51;批号20120205。SCH药液配制:①动物实验,将SCH粉末溶解于5%羧甲基纤维素钠中配制成浓度8 mg/kg的药液,采用超声使其充分溶解,于4 ℃冰箱中保存,使用前恢复至室温并充分摇匀。②细胞实验,将SCH粉末溶解于DMSO中,用移液枪反复吹打至药物粉末完全溶解,配置成浓度8000 μmol/L的母液分装放置于-20 ℃保存,避免反复冻融。使用时用完全培养基稀释为2.5 μmol/L的浓度。
(2)叶酸购自北京斯利安药业有限公司;规格0.4 mg/片;批号S181112。避光密封保存。叶酸药液配制:将叶酸药片在研磨钵中研磨成粉末状,于电子天平上精确称量,用生理盐水作为溶剂溶解,将其配制成终浓度为2.44 μg/ml的叶酸药液,再经超声进一步充分溶解,将配好的药液分装,避光保存于4℃冰箱中。使用前恢复至室温并充分摇匀。根据人(60 kg)︰小鼠(20 g)=1︰9.1确定小鼠的叶酸用药剂量为61.0 μg/kg。
(3)atRA购自美国Sigma公司,避光密封置于-20 ℃保存;批号WXBD1910V。atRA混悬液配制:①动物实验中,atRA的用药剂量为7.5 mg/kg,如小鼠体重为20 g,则注射含有atRA粉末0.15 mg的混悬液。精确称取atRA粉末,用无水乙醇和橄榄油的混合液(无水乙醇体积︰橄榄油体积=8︰92)作为溶剂,将配好的药液分装,避免反复冻融,避光存储在-20℃冰箱中。使用时提前取出,恢复至室温并充分摇匀。②细胞实验,将atRA粉末溶解于DMSO中,用移液枪反复吹打至药物粉末完全溶解,配置成为浓度为5000 μmol/L的母液分装、避光放置于-20 ℃保存,使用前用完全培养基稀释为2.5 μmol/L浓度。
磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)抗体(#4228S)、p-Akt抗体(#4060)、Akt抗体(#4685)购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司;β-actin抗体(AP0060)和羊抗兔IgG(ZJ2020-R)购自南京Bioworld科技有限公司。
HE染色试剂盒(20201016)购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;体视显微镜(EZ4D)、荧光显微镜(DM4000B LED)、冰冻切片机(CM1950)购自德国Leica公司;显微镜(DP72)购自日本OLYMPUS公司;电泳仪(PowerPacTM)、转膜仪(PowerPacTM)购自美国Bio-Rad公司;凝胶成像分析仪(Azure C300)购自美国Azure Biosystems公司。
(1)动物实验:在小鼠适应性喂养1周后,雌鼠与雄鼠交配过夜(下午7时至早晨7时),次日早晨7时取出雌鼠检查阴道栓,将有阴道栓的雌鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、叶酸组与SCH组,每组9只。将发现阴道栓当天中午记为胚胎(embryo,E)0.5 d(E 0.5 d)。在E 7.5 d时,除对照组外各组孕鼠腹腔注射atRA(7.5 mg/kg),对照组孕鼠给予等体积橄榄油腹腔注射;在E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d,叶酸组孕鼠持续灌胃给予叶酸[61.0 μg/(kg·d)],SCH组持续灌胃给予SCH[8.0 mg/(kg·d)]干预,对照组和模型组孕鼠则灌胃给予等体积的生理盐水。
E 11.5 d麻醉脱颈处死孕鼠,剖宫产分离胚胎。
(2)细胞实验:将PC12细胞分为对照组、模型组与SCH组。使用atRA(20 μmol/L)处理PC12细胞12 h,建立PC12细胞损伤模型。在atRA处理12 h后,使用浓度为2.5 μmol/L的SCH继续处理24 h。
在E 11.5 d实行剖宫产、取出胎鼠后,于体视显微镜下辨别是否发生NTDs及其畸形类型,记录、拍照并计算NTDs发病率。
每组随机取出整个胎鼠组织,置于1×PBS溶液中洗涤(3 min×3次),后置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中4 ℃固定6~12 h;置于10%、20%、30%蔗糖溶液中进行梯度脱水处理各24 h;3 d后用1×PBS溶液洗涤,使用OCT(optimum cutting temperature)包埋胶制作整个胎鼠组织包块,置于液氮中快速冷冻,保存于-80℃冰箱,用于制作冷冻切片(于胎鼠冠状位进行7 μm的连续切片),切片晾干后保存于-80 ℃冰箱,以备后续HE染色。
取出冷冻切片,按照HE染色试剂盒说明书进行HE染色操作,待切片自然晾干后中性树胶封片。在显微镜下观察各组胎鼠神经管的发育闭合情况并拍照。
提取各组胎鼠脑组织和PC12细胞的蛋白,计算30 μg蛋白样本量,用合适的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白。电泳完毕后,将分离好的蛋白凝胶用湿转膜法转移到硝酸纤维(PVDF)膜上,5%脱脂奶粉摇床上封闭2 h;充分洗涤后分别加入相应稀释后抗体,p-PI3K抗体(1︰1000)、p-Akt抗体(1︰1000)、Akt抗体(1︰1000)、β-actin抗体(1︰5000),4 ℃孵育过夜;次日洗涤后加入相应的IgG(1︰5000),置于摇床上慢速室温孵育2 h。使用化学发光凝胶成像系统进行化学发光反应曝光条带,ImageJ软件进行灰度值比较。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
体视显微镜下观察各组胎鼠形态,可见正常胎鼠后脑部及后颈部外观饱满光滑,后脑神经上皮完全融合,形成前、中、后脑泡,眼、耳泡,尾弯曲细长;atRA干预后,部分胎鼠表现出不同的畸形类型(图1)。
与对照组比较,其他各组胎鼠NTDs发病率均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,叶酸组和SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率降低(P<0.01);与叶酸组比较,SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率降低(P<0.01,表1)。
HE染色结果显示,对照组、SCH组、叶酸组胎鼠中脑、后脑、末脑、间脑、端脑、四脑室等各结构发育良好,外观光滑,发育状态良好;模型组胎鼠只见中脑、间脑、端脑,而后脑、末脑被破坏,神经组织外露;对照组、SCH组、叶酸组胎鼠神经管管腔规则,闭合良好,各结构清晰,细胞排列整齐;模型组胎鼠神经管呈现未闭合状态(图2)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组胎鼠脑组织中p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);与模型组比较,叶酸组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SCH组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05);与叶酸组比较,SCH组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05,图3)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SCH组p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达水平明显增高(P<0.05,图4)。
NTDs是常见的出生缺陷性疾病[16],主要包括脊柱裂(spinal bifida)、无脑儿(anencephaly)和其他畸形类型[17],在世界范围内发病率为0.5‰~2.0‰[18]。中国出生缺陷防治报告指出,我国目前出生缺陷发生率为5.6%,每年新增出生缺陷患儿约90万例,其中NTDs占2%左右[19]。我国的NTDs发病呈现明显的地域差异,北方地区是NTDs的高发区,其中山西吕梁的发病率达5.57‰[20-21]。有报道指出,NTDs患儿呈现明显的性别差异,女患儿发病率∶男患儿发病率=3∶1[22]。NTDs呈现高病死率和高致残率,患儿一般在孕期即流产,仅小部分患儿可出生,出生后大部分会在短时间内死亡,平均寿命不到1年[23-24],是导致死胎、死产和新生儿死亡的主要诱因,给家庭和社会带来了沉重负担[25]。目前NTDs发病机制尚不完全清楚,且其主要预防药物叶酸仍然存在不足。因此,寻找更加有效的NTDs预防药物显得尤为重要。近年来,草本植物的提取物由于其突出的生物活性越来越受到关注。
atRA作为一种维生素A的生物活性形式,在神经系统发育过程中发挥重要作用[26],是诱导小鼠NTDs的常用药物[27-28]。本课题组前期研究显示,五子衍宗丸(WYP)可较好地预防atRA诱导的NTDs胎鼠发病[29]。大量研究显示,SCH可发挥多种药理作用,如神经保护、抗神经细胞凋亡、抗氧化应激、增强小鼠的学习与认知能力等[30]。此外,本课题组利用网络药理学构建了“药物WYP主要单体成分—NTDs关键靶点”网络,提示SCH与NTDs关系密切[31];2022年中国药典显示,SCH是WYP的主要质控成分之一[32-33]。因此,虽未有SCH预防NTDs的相关报道,但基于前期研究,推测SCH可能具有预防NTDs的作用。本研究观察到,SCH可明显降低atRA诱导的NTDs胎鼠模型的发病率,并且SCH组胎鼠NTDs发病率低于叶酸组,提示SCH对胎鼠NTDs具有更好的预防作用。
NTDs的发病机制复杂,涉及多条信号通路,如PI3K/Akt信号通路[6]、经典Wnt/β-catenin信号通路[34]、平面细胞极性(planar cell polarity,PCP)信号通路[35]、骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)信号通路[36]、音猬因子(sonic hedgehog,Shh)信号通路[37]、维甲酸代谢通路[38]等。其中PI3K/Akt信号通路更受关注,被认为是神经信号转导的关键通路,与神经发育密切相关;通过激活该通路的关键分子,可增强或抑制其下游因子,进而减少NTDs的发生[6]。同时,PI3K/Akt信号通路也是一条抗细胞凋亡保护性通路,其激活能够促进细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡[39],而这正与NTDs的基本发病机制(神经细胞过度凋亡)相契合[40]。因此,激活PI3K/Akt信号通路成为多种药物治疗疾病的作用靶点[41-42]。Akt为PI3K下游重要的靶激酶,也是调节神经细胞凋亡的重要因子[43]。Akt激酶的磷酸化是PI3K/Akt信号通路被激活的主要表现[44]。事实上,SCH通过正向激活PI3K/Akt信号通路减轻疾病症状,已在多种神经系统疾病模型中得到验证,如SCH激活PI3K/Akt信号通路改善帕金森病小鼠运动障碍[45]
本研究的小鼠体内实验结果显示,SCH可影响PI3K/Akt信号通路主要蛋白的表达,上调p-PI3K和p-Akt表达水平,降低NTDs的发病率;采用SCH进一步干预损伤后的神经元样细胞,可增强p-PI3K、p-Akt的表达,提示SCH可能激活PI3K/Akt信号通路。由此可见,SCH降低NTDs发病率的作用机制可能是通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路而实现的。
综上所述,SCH可降低小鼠NTDs发病率,且其预防作用优于叶酸;这种预防作用可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81703978)
  • 山西省自然科学基金(20210302124293)
  • 山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育项目(2020PY-JC-03)
  • 山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育项目(2022PY-TH-16)
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2023年第48卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0333.2023.0828
  • 接收时间:2023-03-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-03
  • 录用日期:2023-04-06
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81703978)
国家自然科学基金(81703978)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(20210302124293)
山西省自然科学基金(20210302124293)
Science and Technology Innovation Ability Cultivation Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2020PY-JC-03)
山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育项目(2020PY-JC-03)
Science and Technology Innovation Ability Cultivation Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022PY-TH-16)
山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育项目(2022PY-TH-16)
作者信息
    1山西中医药大学多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/神经生物学研究中心,山西晋中 030619
    2复旦大学华山医院神经病学研究所,上海 200025
    3美国印第安纳大学医学院,印第安纳波利斯 46202

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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