Article(id=1199688710913618537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2414.2023.0327, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1668528000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1673452800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-01-12, onlineDate=1763957677820, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1703692800000, pubDateStr=2023-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763957677820, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763957677820, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763957677820, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199688705905623579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='12', pageStart='1359', pageEnd='1491', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763957676626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763958367038, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1387, endPage=1394, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199688711303688831, articleId=1199688710913618537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Xuebijing injection inhibits the degradation of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx to improve acute lung injury induced by severe heatstroke, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of Xuebijing injection in regulating abnormal degradation of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx to improve acute lung injury induced by severe heatstroke. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, heatstroke group and Xuebijing group. Before heatstroke induction, rats in Xuebijing group were administrated with Xuebijing injection (2 ml/kg, 2 times/d) for 3 days. All rats were exposed to an environment with temperature of (40±2) ℃ and humidity of 65%±5% for 60 minutes to induce heatstroke. Two hours later, the lung wet/dry weight ratio was recorded; the concentration of proteins in BALF was measured; the pulmonary vascular permeability was measured by Evans blue (EB); HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue; the changes of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface of pulmonary vessels were observed by immunofluorescence; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Syndecan-1, Glypican-1, VE-Cadherin, Occludin, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in lung tissues; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and heparanase (HPA) in lung tissue. Results Xuebijing could decrease the lung wet/dry weight ratio, reduce protein exudation and improve pulmonary vascular permeability (P<0.01); reduce the histological injury (P<0.01); reduce the degradation of HA, Syndecan-1 and Glypican-1 on the surface of pulmonary vessels (P<0.01); increase the expression of VE-Cadherin and Occludin (P<0.01); regulate the overexpression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin (P<0.01); down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and HPA (P<0.01). Conclusion Xuebijing injection decrease the expression of HPA, improve the disintegration of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx, repair the integrity of pulmonary vessels, reduce the damage of cell connections, down-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, relieving acute lung injury caused by severe heat stroke.

, correspAuthors=Hua-Sheng Tong, Yi Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Chen Yi, E-mail:
Tong Hua-Sheng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cheng-Jia Ding, Jing Tuo, Jing-Jing Cao, Jie-En Huang, Chao-Fan Liu, Hua-Sheng Tong, Yi Chen), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199688712771695319, articleId=1199688710913618537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=血必净注射液抑制肺血管内皮糖萼降解改善重症中暑大鼠急性肺损伤, columnId=1190310110472798614, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探讨血必净注射液调控血管内皮糖萼异常,改善重症中暑大鼠急性肺损伤的机制。方法 将48只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、中暑组、血必净组,每组16只,其中8只用于伊文思蓝(EB)法测定。采用高温高湿[温度(40±2) ℃,湿度65%±5%]打击60 min制备中暑大鼠模型,血必净组大鼠于造模前连续3 d尾静脉注射血必净注射液(2 ml/kg,2次/d)。各组大鼠于造模后2 h行麻醉处理并取材,记录肺湿/干重比,测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)蛋白浓度,EB法测定肺血管通透性,HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化,免疫荧光染色观察肺血管表面透明质酸(HA)的表达变化,Western blotting检测肺组织多配体蛋白聚糖-1(Syndecan-1)、磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-1(Glypican-1)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-Cadherin)、紧密连接蛋白(Occludin)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)及E-选择素(E-selectin)等蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肺组织中乙酰肝素酶(HPA)的表达水平。结果 血必净可下调肺湿/干重比,减少蛋白渗出,改善肺血管通透性(P<0.01),减轻肺组织损伤(P<0.01),减少肺血管表面HA、Syndecan-1、Glypican-1降解(P<0.01),增加肺血管连接蛋白VE-Cadherin、Occludin的表达(P<0.01),调控黏附蛋白VCAM-1、E-selectin的过度表达(P<0.01),下调TNF-α、IL-6及HPA蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论 血必净可减少HPA、改善糖萼崩解、修复肺血管完整性、减轻细胞连接损伤、下调黏附分子表达并抑制炎症反应,进而缓解重症中暑所致急性肺损伤。

, correspAuthors=童华生, 陈怿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈怿,E-mail:
童华生,E-mail:
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丁程佳,医学硕士,主要从事重症中暑等方面的研究

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丁程佳,医学硕士,主要从事重症中暑等方面的研究

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丁程佳,医学硕士,主要从事重症中暑等方面的研究

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BALF. 肺泡灌洗液;A. 肺湿/干重比;B. BALF蛋白浓度;C. 肺血管通透性 (EB含量);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与中暑组比较,(2)P<0.01

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A. 肺组织病理学变化(HE ×400);B.肺组织病理损伤评分比较(n=8);与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与中暑组比较,(2)P<0.01

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HA. 透明质酸;Syndecan-1. 多配体蛋白聚糖-1;Glypican-1. 磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-1;A. 肺组织免疫荧光染色(×400);B. 肺组织HA相对表达量;C. Western blotting检测肺组织Syndecan-1及Glypican-1的表达;D. 肺组织中Syndecan-1及Glypican-1的灰度值比较;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与中暑组比较,(2)P<0.01

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VE-Cadherin. 血管内皮钙黏蛋白;Occludin. 紧密连接蛋白;VCAM-1. 血管细胞黏附分子-1;E-selectin. E-选择素;A. Western blotting检测肺组织VE-Cadherin、Occludin的表达;B. Western blotting检测肺组织VCAM-1、E-selectin的表达;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与中暑组比较,(2)P<0.01

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TNF-α. 肿瘤坏死因子-α;IL-6. 白细胞介素-6;HPA. 乙酰肝素酶;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.01;与中暑组比较,(2)P<0.01

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血必净注射液抑制肺血管内皮糖萼降解改善重症中暑大鼠急性肺损伤
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丁程佳 1 , 陀劲 2 , 曹晶晶 3 , 黄洁恩 3 , 刘超帆 1 , 童华生 4, * , 陈怿 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023,48(12): 1387-1394
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2023, 48(12): 1387-1394
血必净注射液抑制肺血管内皮糖萼降解改善重症中暑大鼠急性肺损伤
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丁程佳1, 陀劲2, 曹晶晶3, 黄洁恩3, 刘超帆1, 童华生4, * , 陈怿1, *
作者信息
  • 1东莞市滨海湾中心医院重症医学科,广东东莞 523900
  • 2深圳市龙岗区第二人民医院,广东深圳 518000
  • 3暨南大学医学部,广东广州 510632
  • 4南部战区总医院急诊科,广东广州 510632
  • 丁程佳,医学硕士,主要从事重症中暑等方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈怿,E-mail:
童华生,E-mail:
Xuebijing injection inhibits the degradation of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx to improve acute lung injury induced by severe heatstroke
Cheng-Jia Ding1, Jing Tuo2, Jing-Jing Cao3, Jie-En Huang3, Chao-Fan Liu1, Hua-Sheng Tong4, * , Yi Chen1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523900, China
  • 2The Second People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
  • 3Department of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
  • 4Department of Emergency, General Hospital of the Southern Theater, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
出版时间: 2023-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2414.2023.0327
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目的 探讨血必净注射液调控血管内皮糖萼异常,改善重症中暑大鼠急性肺损伤的机制。方法 将48只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、中暑组、血必净组,每组16只,其中8只用于伊文思蓝(EB)法测定。采用高温高湿[温度(40±2) ℃,湿度65%±5%]打击60 min制备中暑大鼠模型,血必净组大鼠于造模前连续3 d尾静脉注射血必净注射液(2 ml/kg,2次/d)。各组大鼠于造模后2 h行麻醉处理并取材,记录肺湿/干重比,测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)蛋白浓度,EB法测定肺血管通透性,HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化,免疫荧光染色观察肺血管表面透明质酸(HA)的表达变化,Western blotting检测肺组织多配体蛋白聚糖-1(Syndecan-1)、磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-1(Glypican-1)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-Cadherin)、紧密连接蛋白(Occludin)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)及E-选择素(E-selectin)等蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肺组织中乙酰肝素酶(HPA)的表达水平。结果 血必净可下调肺湿/干重比,减少蛋白渗出,改善肺血管通透性(P<0.01),减轻肺组织损伤(P<0.01),减少肺血管表面HA、Syndecan-1、Glypican-1降解(P<0.01),增加肺血管连接蛋白VE-Cadherin、Occludin的表达(P<0.01),调控黏附蛋白VCAM-1、E-selectin的过度表达(P<0.01),下调TNF-α、IL-6及HPA蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论 血必净可减少HPA、改善糖萼崩解、修复肺血管完整性、减轻细胞连接损伤、下调黏附分子表达并抑制炎症反应,进而缓解重症中暑所致急性肺损伤。

重症中暑  /  血必净注射液  /  糖萼  /  急性肺损伤

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of Xuebijing injection in regulating abnormal degradation of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx to improve acute lung injury induced by severe heatstroke. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, heatstroke group and Xuebijing group. Before heatstroke induction, rats in Xuebijing group were administrated with Xuebijing injection (2 ml/kg, 2 times/d) for 3 days. All rats were exposed to an environment with temperature of (40±2) ℃ and humidity of 65%±5% for 60 minutes to induce heatstroke. Two hours later, the lung wet/dry weight ratio was recorded; the concentration of proteins in BALF was measured; the pulmonary vascular permeability was measured by Evans blue (EB); HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue; the changes of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface of pulmonary vessels were observed by immunofluorescence; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Syndecan-1, Glypican-1, VE-Cadherin, Occludin, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in lung tissues; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and heparanase (HPA) in lung tissue. Results Xuebijing could decrease the lung wet/dry weight ratio, reduce protein exudation and improve pulmonary vascular permeability (P<0.01); reduce the histological injury (P<0.01); reduce the degradation of HA, Syndecan-1 and Glypican-1 on the surface of pulmonary vessels (P<0.01); increase the expression of VE-Cadherin and Occludin (P<0.01); regulate the overexpression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin (P<0.01); down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and HPA (P<0.01). Conclusion Xuebijing injection decrease the expression of HPA, improve the disintegration of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx, repair the integrity of pulmonary vessels, reduce the damage of cell connections, down-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, relieving acute lung injury caused by severe heat stroke.

severe heatstroke  /  Xuebijing injection  /  glycocalyx  /  acute lung injury
丁程佳, 陀劲, 曹晶晶, 黄洁恩, 刘超帆, 童华生, 陈怿. 血必净注射液抑制肺血管内皮糖萼降解改善重症中暑大鼠急性肺损伤. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1387 -1394 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2414.2023.0327
Cheng-Jia Ding, Jing Tuo, Jing-Jing Cao, Jie-En Huang, Chao-Fan Liu, Hua-Sheng Tong, Yi Chen. Xuebijing injection inhibits the degradation of pulmonary vascular endothelial calyx to improve acute lung injury induced by severe heatstroke[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1387 -1394 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2414.2023.0327
中暑是继发于热应激之后的全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS),常可进展至多脏器功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)[1-2]。随着全球气候变暖,重症中暑的发病率呈逐年升高的趋势,其病死率可达20%~70%,即便存活者也有30%存在神经等系统后遗症[3-6]。呼吸系统是中暑常见的首发打击器官,常表现为急性肺损伤[7],加之血管通透性增加、液体复苏不当等因素,约45%的中暑患者会出现肺水肿并进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)[8]。目前研究认为,继发于血管内皮损伤的器官组织微循环障碍及异常激活的炎性细胞释放大量炎性介质,不仅会导致组织器官的缺血缺氧及代谢障碍,更可进一步恶化并加剧器官功能障碍[9-11]
血管内皮糖萼是位于血管内皮细胞管腔面细胞膜上的蛋白质-多糖复合物,是血管内皮表面的重要结构,对维持内皮细胞结构和功能稳定、防止炎性细胞黏附、调控血细胞及内皮细胞、维护血管壁屏障功能完整、调节微循环血流及抑制血栓形成等均具有重要作用[12-14]。Schmidt等[13]证实,在脓毒症肺损伤中异常释放的乙酰肝素酶可导致肺血管内皮糖萼迅速变薄,同时暴露细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,VCAM-1)等黏附分子,多个黏附分子协同作用导致炎性细胞内流,进一步加剧急性肺损伤,重症中暑后炎症细胞活性异常与肺血管内皮糖萼损伤的关系值得进一步研究。血必净注射液具有抑制炎性介质释放、调节免疫细胞功能、减少促炎因子分泌等作用。在脓毒症、重症肺炎及毛细血管渗漏综合征的研究中,血必净注射液具有良好的血管内皮细胞保护作用,且能减轻炎性反应,降低MODS发生率[15-18]。因此,本实验通过建立重症中暑大鼠模型模拟中暑后的病理生理过程,观察大鼠肺组织病理变化、肺水肿及肺毛细血管渗漏情况,检测肺血管内皮糖萼损伤及炎症反应异常激活情况,分析血必净对中暑打击后肺血管内皮糖萼及急性肺损伤可能的保护效果。
健康雄性成年SPF级Wistar大鼠48只,体重220~250 g,购自南方医科大学动物实验中心。喂养于温度(22±1) ℃及湿度50%±5%的环境中,实验前禁食2 h、禁水6 h。本实验动物处置流程获得东莞市滨海湾中心医院伦理委员会审核批准(审批号:2016022),符合单位及国家有关实验动物的管理及使用规定。BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(P0012,上海碧云天公司);伊文思蓝(EB,E2129,德国Merck公司);大鼠透明质酸(HA)抗体(ab182009,英国Abcam公司);大鼠多配体蛋白聚糖-1(Syndecan-1,bs-1309R)、大鼠磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-1(Glypican-1,bs-2426R)、大鼠血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-Cadherin,bs-4310R)、大鼠紧密连接蛋白(Occludin,bs-10011R)、大鼠VCAM-1(bs-0396R)、大鼠E-选择素(E-selectin,bs-1273R)抗体均购自北京博奥森生物技术有限公司;大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α,KRC3011)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6,ERA31RB)酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)试剂盒购自美国Thermo科技公司;大鼠乙酰肝素酶(HPA) ELISA试剂盒(MM-70424R1)购自江苏酶免实业有限公司。
将大鼠随机分为对照组、中暑组及血必净组,每组16只,其中8只用于EB浓度测定。血必净组大鼠于造模前连续3 d尾静脉注射血必净注射液(2 ml/kg,2 次/d)。对照组大鼠置于室温24 ℃环境下观察100 min,中暑组、血必净组大鼠置于人工气候舱内[温度(40±2) ℃、湿度65%±5%]接受高温高湿打击60 min,制备经典中暑模型,当肛温达到42.0 ℃时中止热打击。各组大鼠于造模后2 h行麻醉处理并取材备用。
取大鼠右肺上叶称重记录,置于80 ℃烘箱48 h后取出称重记录,计算肺湿/干重比(湿重/干重)。
取大鼠左肺,经左主支气管进行肺泡灌洗获得BALF,离心取上清液,采用BCA法测定BALF蛋白浓度。
以2 ml/kg剂量自各组大鼠尾静脉注入2% EB染料,2 h后经左心室注入10 ml PBS液,冲出循环系统中残留的EB染料,取肺组织称重,将肺组织与甲酰胺按照0.1 g∶1 ml的比例浸泡萃取,用分光光度计在620 nm波长处进行比色,测量光密度(OD)值。另取大鼠肺组织,采用BCA法测定组织蛋白浓度。以上清中EB的OD值与蛋白浓度的比值作为肺血管通透性的测定值。
将右肺中叶固定后,行HE染色,随机编码,由病理学医师盲法进行病理损伤评分,具体标准参照文献[20],根据炎性浸润、肺水肿及肺泡出血等病理损伤程度,分别给予0~3分(轻度、中度、重度)赋值。每个玻片观察10个视野,记录其平均值。
肺组织石蜡包埋后切片,60 ℃烘烤20 min后,用二甲苯及乙醇脱蜡;3% BSA封闭2 h;PBS稀释抗体500倍后孵育过夜;用PBS洗涤一抗后,荧光二抗染色;洗涤二抗后,用含DAPI的封片剂封片,荧光显微镜下观察HA的表达水平。
肺组织经裂解、转膜后,加入Syndecan-1、Glypican-1、VE-Cadherin、Occludin、VCAM-1及E-selectin等抗体孵育、洗膜及定影,利用凝胶成像分析仪分析,以目标条带与β-actin内参条带灰度值的比值作为目标蛋白的相对表达量。
参照试剂盒说明书,采用ELISA法测定肺组织匀浆上清中TNF-α、IL-6及HPA的表达水平。以空白孔调零,反应终止后于450 nm波长处测定OD值,根据标准曲线方程计算各炎性因子的表达水平。
采用GraphPad Prism 7软件进行统计分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步组间两两比较,若方差齐采用LSD-t检验,方差不齐采用Dunnett T3检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
与对照组比较,中暑组大鼠肺湿/干重比(5.38±0.37 vs. 4.15±0.15)、BALF蛋白浓度[(0.83±0.15) mg/ml vs. (0.41±0.07) mg/ml]及EB含量[(6.78±1.37) OD/mg vs. (2.43±0.73) OD/mg]均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),血必净组大鼠肺组织中肺湿/干重比(4.74±0.21)、BALF蛋白浓度[(0.57±0.11) mg/ml]及EB含量[(4.89±1.21) OD/mg]均低于中暑组,但仍高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图1)。
HE染色显示,对照组大鼠可见正常肺泡结构,肺泡无渗出或出血,肺间质无充血、水肿或炎症浸润;中暑组大鼠肺组织可见弥漫性肺泡渗出,肺间质肿胀增厚伴大量炎性细胞浸润,局部血栓形成;血必净组大鼠肺组织可见肺间质渗出及炎性浸润,肺泡出血、淤血等病理性改变减少。肺组织病理损伤评分结果显示,中暑组的肺组织损伤评分明显高于对照组(9.75±1.49 vs. 0.63±0.52),而血必净为(5.87±1.2)分,低于中暑组,但仍高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,图2)。
中暑组大鼠肺组织中HA、Syndecan-1及Glypican-1蛋白表达水平分别为0.50±0.190.23±0.030.31±0.02,均低于对照组(分别为0.98±0.25、0.56±0.09、0.76±0.08),血必净组分别为0.75±0.200.35±0.060.53±0.05,高于中暑组,但仍低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图3)。
与对照组比较,中暑组肺组织中VE-Cadherin、Occludin蛋白表达水平降低(0.32±0.02 vs. 0.61±0.06,0.30±0.02 vs. 0.72±0.07,P<0.01),血必净组大鼠肺组织中VE-Cadherin、Occludin蛋白表达水平分别为0.47±0.050.53±0.05,高于中暑组,但低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,中暑组肺组织中VCAM-1、E-selectin蛋白表达水平增高(0.52±0.06 vs. 0.11±0.01,0.57±0.05 vs. 0.13±0.02,P<0.01),血必净组大鼠肺组织中VCAM-1、E-selectin蛋白表达水平分别为0.21±0.030.32±0.03,低于中暑组,但高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,图4)。
与对照组比较,中暑组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6表达水平升高[(148.07±11.39) ng/ml vs. (14.33±5.11) ng/ml,(178.29±9.75) ng/ml vs. (9.73±4.17) ng/ml,P<0.01],血必净组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6表达水平分别为(84.27±13.35) ng/ml、(108.87±11.91) ng/ml,均低于中暑组,但高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,中暑组大鼠肺组织中HPA表达水平异常增高[(463.74±20.19) ng/ml vs. (250.07±13.74) ng/ml,P<0.01],血必净组大鼠肺组织中HPA蛋白表达水平为(347.89±19.93) ng/ml,低于中暑组,但高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,图5)。
随着气候变暖及热浪袭击,全球范围内中暑的发病率日益增高。重度中暑又称为热射病,在热相关性疾病中死亡率占据首位[21]。中暑极易并发肺损伤,目前报道重症中暑并发ARDS的比例高达23%,一旦发生ARDS,病死率可达75%[22]。血管内皮细胞损伤是重症中暑的特征性病理改变,其与SIRS相辅相成,进而引发全身重要组织及器官损伤。有研究发现,中暑诱发急性肺损伤的主要发病机制包括启动并放大炎症反应及氧化应激,造成广泛的微血管损伤及炎症浸润,促进肺组织细胞的凋亡,上调肺泡巨噬细胞促炎受体表达及炎症分泌活性等[23-25]。血必净可缓解中暑诱发的炎症反应、氧化应激及凋亡而实现肺保护[23],还具有纠正中暑后微循环灌注障碍[11]并缓解血管内皮细胞损伤等作用[26-27]。因此,本研究计划运用血必净注射液防治重症中暑急性肺损伤,并从血管内皮糖萼保护的角度出发,在组织学改变,毛细血管渗漏,肺血管内皮糖萼结构标志物、肺血管内皮连接蛋白及黏附分子、乙酰肝素酶的表达等方面验证该药物的肺保护效果。
目前认为,肺血管内皮急性损伤是ALI/ARDS发病的细胞基础,肺血管内皮糖萼降解不仅增加了肺毛细血管的通透性,形成以大量蛋白质渗出为主的肺水肿[28],还可明显提高肺毛细血管对炎性细胞的变形及黏附能力,继而引发肺血管通透性增高及炎性细胞浸润[29-32],在肺组织中形成“瀑布式”的炎症级联反应[33]。本研究中,重症中暑后大鼠肺湿/干重比及肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度明显升高,结合EB测定结果,均证实重症中暑可使肺血管通透性明显提高,而血必净干预可有效保护肺血管的完整性。光镜观察显示,重症中暑后大鼠肺组织呈现出弥漫性肺泡出血、肺间质增厚伴大量炎性细胞浸润,同时有大量局部血栓形成,提示该动物模型肺血管内皮细胞损伤严重。HA、Syndecan、Glypican作为血管内皮糖萼的主要成分,是血管内皮糖萼损伤的经典标志物[34]。本研究发现,重症中暑后,HA、Syndecan-1、Glypican-1在肺组织中的表达明显减少,提示存在血管内皮糖萼损伤,而血必净注射液有一定的抑制其降解的作用。
众多研究发现,血管内皮糖萼损伤的下一阶段就是血管内皮连接蛋白及黏附分子的表达异常[35-36]。本研究发现,中暑组的连接蛋白VE-Cadherin及Occludin表达明显降低,VCAM-1及E-selectin等黏附分子表达明显增高,而血必净可明显减轻上述标志物表达水平的改变,这可能是血必净保护重症中暑肺损伤的作用机制。为了验证以血管内皮糖萼崩解所启动的肺血管内皮功能障碍与肺组织炎症反应之间的联系,本研究测定了血清中TNF-α及IL-6的浓度,发现中暑组的TNF-α及IL-6分泌明显增加,而血必净同样呈现出良好的抑制炎症反应的作用。另一方面,中暑后形成“瀑布式”的炎症级联反应可直接损伤血管内皮糖萼,同时促进HPA的活化,加速糖萼的降解[28]。本研究发现,重症中暑后肺组织HPA表达明显上调,与炎性介质表达水平的波动相关,提示血管内皮糖萼损伤触发的血管内皮细胞功能活性异常、凝血异常与炎症反应互为因果、相辅相成,形成类似一种正反馈调节的闭环,推动了重症中暑从最初热的应激向全身组织及脏器损伤的方向发生发展[33,37]
血必净注射液是王金达教授以王清任的血府逐瘀汤为基础、结合“菌、毒、炎”并治理论所研制的静脉制剂,其具有抗炎症、抗氧化、调理免疫及改善凝血等功效[38-39]。有研究发现,血必净注射液可缓解中暑诱发的炎症反应、氧化应激及凋亡而实现肺保护[23],还能纠正中暑后的微循环灌注障碍[26],缓解血管内皮细胞损伤[40]
综上所述,本研究结果显示,中暑后失衡的炎症反应导致HPA过表达,肺血管内皮糖萼受损是重症中暑急性肺损伤的潜在机制,而血必净具有减少HPA、改善糖萼崩解、修复肺血管完整性、减轻细胞连接损伤、下调黏附分子表达并抑制炎症反应,进而缓解重症中暑所致急性肺损伤的作用。本研究也存在一定局限性,如缺乏体外实验及临床试验与本研究结论的相互验证,同时本研究采用血必净干预是在造模前,对其发病后的治疗效果尚需要通过后续研究验证。
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011777)
  • 广东省中医药局科学技术研究基金(20190320121131)
  • 东莞市滨海湾中心医院高水平科研孵化基金(2022007)
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2023年第48卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2414.2023.0327
  • 接收时间:2022-11-16
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-16
  • 录用日期:2023-01-12
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515011777)
广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011777)
Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province(20190320121131)
广东省中医药局科学技术研究基金(20190320121131)
Dongguan Binhaiwan Central Hospital High Level Scientific Research Fund(2022007)
东莞市滨海湾中心医院高水平科研孵化基金(2022007)
作者信息
    1东莞市滨海湾中心医院重症医学科,广东东莞 523900
    2深圳市龙岗区第二人民医院,广东深圳 518000
    3暨南大学医学部,广东广州 510632
    4南部战区总医院急诊科,广东广州 510632

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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