Article(id=1199688710334804554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1787.2023.0619, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1661875200000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1673020800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-01-07, onlineDate=1763957677682, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1703692800000, pubDateStr=2023-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763957677682, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763957677682, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763957677682, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199688705905623579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='12', pageStart='1359', pageEnd='1491', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763957676626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763958367038, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1445, endPage=1450, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199688710661960283, articleId=1199688710334804554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Predictive value of BMI combined with preoperative oxygenation index for postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford type A aortic dissection, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objectives To analyze the risk factors and their predictive value for postoperative hypoxemia in Type-A aortic dissection (TAAD). Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted among 146 consecutive patients diagnosed as TAAD and undergone aortic arch surgery from January 2018 to June 2021 in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. According to the lowest postoperative PaO2/FiO2 ratio within 24 hours, the patients were classified into two groups: hypoxemia group (PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 mmHg) and non-hypoxemia group (PaO2/FiO2 >200 mmHg). The difference of preoperative oxygen index, duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in hospital were analyzed between the two groups. The independent risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression and the predictive value was analyzed by receiver operator character (ROC) curves. Results For TAAD patients, the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was 45.9%. Compared to non-hypoxemia group, hypoxemia group exhibited longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P<0.001) and longer intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with hypoxemia presented higher mortality during hospital (P=0.011). Multivariate regression analysis identified BMI as independent risk factor (OR=1.701, P<0.001) and preoperation PaO2/FiO2 ratio as protective factors for postoperative hypoxemia in patients with TAAD (OR=0.987, P=0.004). Area under the ROC curve of BMI was 0.848, the optimal cut-off point of BMI was 25.8 kg/m2. Area under the ROC curve of pre-operation PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 0.808, the optimal cut-off point of preoperation PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 265 mmHg. Conclusions BMI higher than 25.8 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor and preoperation PaO2/FiO2 ratio higher than 265 mmHg is a protective factor for postoperative hypoxemia in patients with TAAD. Subjects with hypoxemia had longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and higher mortality.

, correspAuthors=Shao-Yi Zheng, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素及其预测价值。方法 收集2018年1月-2021年6月南方医科大学南方医院收治的146例诊断为TAAD并接受孙氏手术的患者进行回顾性分析。根据术后24 h内的氧合指数将患者分为低氧血症组(PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg)与非低氧血症组(PaO2/FiO2>200 mmHg)。比较两组患者术前氧合指数、气管插管时间和院内病死率等临床结局的差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各危险因素的预测价值。结果 TAAD患者术后低氧血症发生率为45.9%。与非低氧血症组比较,低氧血症组机械通气时间(P<0.001)和ICU停留时间(P=0.039)明显延长,且病死率明显增高(P=0.011)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,体重指数(BMI)高是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素(OR=1.701,P<0.001),而术前氧合指数高是术后低氧血症的保护性因素(OR=0.987,P=0.004)。ROC曲线分析显示,BMI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.848,最佳切点为25.8 kg/m2,术前氧合指数的AUC为0.808,最佳切点是265 mmHg。结论 BMI>25.8 kg/m2是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素,术前氧合指数>265 mmHg的患者术后不易发生低氧血症;术后合并低氧血症的患者气管插管时间更长,院内病死率更高。

, correspAuthors=郑少忆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郑少忆,E-mail:
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赵金珍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事主动脉夹层、动脉粥样硬化与高脂血症方面的研究

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赵金珍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事主动脉夹层、动脉粥样硬化与高脂血症方面的研究

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赵金珍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事主动脉夹层、动脉粥样硬化与高脂血症方面的研究

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BMI. 体重指数;TAAD. Stanford A型主动脉夹层

, figureFileSmall=IqU6kWZtTgtV6XRnnz5EYQ==, figureFileBig=Z1nn2kTJGeadJLWaMjghog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199688715867091837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688710334804554, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Receiver operator characteristic curve of BMI and preoperative oxygenation index predicting postoperative hypoxemia in TAAD, figureFileSmall=TgZORudMBX0YfH7K3D1P2g==, figureFileBig=9QJQ5OzuAph+hcg+t+N93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199688715980338047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688710334804554, language=CN, label=图2, caption=BMI和术前氧合指数预测TAAD患者术后低氧血症的ROC曲线分析

BMI. 体重指数;ROC. 受试者工作特征

, figureFileSmall=TgZORudMBX0YfH7K3D1P2g==, figureFileBig=9QJQ5OzuAph+hcg+t+N93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199688716089389955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688710334804554, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Clinical characteristics of patients with Type-A Aortic Dissection

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指标非低氧血症组(n=79)低氧血症组(n=67)P
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)52.2±14.150.6±11.50.439
男性[例(%)]67(84.8)60(89.6)0.396
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)23.4±2.828.3±4.0<0.001
吸烟[例(%)]38(48.1)31(46.3)0.825
高血压[例(%)]48(60.8)59(88.1)<0.001
糖尿病[例(%)]2(2.5)00.190
COPD[例(%)]3(3.8)00.107
术前氧合指数[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]292(223,422)200(165, 242)<0.001
马凡综合征[例(%)]7(8.9)00.013
二叶瓣畸形[例(%)]4(5.1)3(4.5)0.869
白细胞计数(×109/L, $\bar{x}±s$)12.3±4.910.9±3.10.05
谷丙转氨酶[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]24(15, 38)26(18, 47)0.022
肌酐(μmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)136(111, 183)158(127, 208)0.021
白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)36.2±5.637.7±4.90.107
CRP(mg/L, $\bar{x}±s$)115.3±67.9149.9±77.20.005
D-二聚体[μg/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]6.62(3.66, 8.81)5.34(3.19, 9.11)0.381
脑利钠肽前体[pg/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]970(592, 2427)917(424, 2277)0.417
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Stanford A型夹层患者临床资料分析

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指标非低氧血症组(n=79)低氧血症组(n=67)P
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)52.2±14.150.6±11.50.439
男性[例(%)]67(84.8)60(89.6)0.396
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)23.4±2.828.3±4.0<0.001
吸烟[例(%)]38(48.1)31(46.3)0.825
高血压[例(%)]48(60.8)59(88.1)<0.001
糖尿病[例(%)]2(2.5)00.190
COPD[例(%)]3(3.8)00.107
术前氧合指数[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]292(223,422)200(165, 242)<0.001
马凡综合征[例(%)]7(8.9)00.013
二叶瓣畸形[例(%)]4(5.1)3(4.5)0.869
白细胞计数(×109/L, $\bar{x}±s$)12.3±4.910.9±3.10.05
谷丙转氨酶[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]24(15, 38)26(18, 47)0.022
肌酐(μmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$)136(111, 183)158(127, 208)0.021
白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)36.2±5.637.7±4.90.107
CRP(mg/L, $\bar{x}±s$)115.3±67.9149.9±77.20.005
D-二聚体[μg/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]6.62(3.66, 8.81)5.34(3.19, 9.11)0.381
脑利钠肽前体[pg/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]970(592, 2427)917(424, 2277)0.417
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Comparison of operation details of patients with type-A aortic dissection

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手术情况非低氧血症组(n=79)低氧血症组(n=67)P
手术时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]9(8, 9)9(8, 10)0.035
体外循环时间[min, M(Q1, Q3)]236(210, 276)251(221, 294)0.047
深低温停循环时间[min, M(Q1, Q3)]24(21, 29)25(22, 29)0.343
主动脉阻断时间[min, M(Q1, Q3)]142(120, 166)153(129, 170)0.148
假腔内血栓形成[例(%)]38(48.1)45(67.2)0.020
血浆输注量[ml, M(Q1, Q3)]1000(750, 1000)800(600, 1150)0.281
红细胞输注量[U, M(Q1, Q3)]6(3.5, 10)6(4, 8)0.451
), ArticleFig(id=1199688716466877327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688710334804554, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Stanford A型夹层患者术中情况比较

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手术情况非低氧血症组(n=79)低氧血症组(n=67)P
手术时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]9(8, 9)9(8, 10)0.035
体外循环时间[min, M(Q1, Q3)]236(210, 276)251(221, 294)0.047
深低温停循环时间[min, M(Q1, Q3)]24(21, 29)25(22, 29)0.343
主动脉阻断时间[min, M(Q1, Q3)]142(120, 166)153(129, 170)0.148
假腔内血栓形成[例(%)]38(48.1)45(67.2)0.020
血浆输注量[ml, M(Q1, Q3)]1000(750, 1000)800(600, 1150)0.281
红细胞输注量[U, M(Q1, Q3)]6(3.5, 10)6(4, 8)0.451
), ArticleFig(id=1199688716554957712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688710334804554, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Analysis of postoperative clinical outcomes of patients with type-A aortic dissection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床结局非低氧血症组(n=79)低氧血症组(n=67)P
机械通气时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]40(18, 90)90(46, 122)<0.001
ICU停留时间[d, M(Q1, Q3)]4(3,8)7(4,8)0.039
住院时间[d, M(Q1, Q3)]20(14, 26)18(11, 23)0.174
病死率[例(%)]6(7.6)15(22.4)0.011
ECMO[例(%)]2(2.5)5(7.5)0.165
CRRT[例(%)]10(12.7)13(19.4)0.265
IABP[例(%)]2(2.5)1(1.5)0.659
), ArticleFig(id=1199688716659815320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688710334804554, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Stanford A型夹层患者术后临床结局分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床结局非低氧血症组(n=79)低氧血症组(n=67)P
机械通气时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]40(18, 90)90(46, 122)<0.001
ICU停留时间[d, M(Q1, Q3)]4(3,8)7(4,8)0.039
住院时间[d, M(Q1, Q3)]20(14, 26)18(11, 23)0.174
病死率[例(%)]6(7.6)15(22.4)0.011
ECMO[例(%)]2(2.5)5(7.5)0.165
CRRT[例(%)]10(12.7)13(19.4)0.265
IABP[例(%)]2(2.5)1(1.5)0.659
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BMI联合术前氧合指数对Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后低氧血症的预测价值
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赵金珍 , 吕萍 , 朱鹏 , 杜松林 , 万俊 , 安冬琪 , 郑少忆 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(12): 1445-1450
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(12): 1445-1450
BMI联合术前氧合指数对Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后低氧血症的预测价值
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赵金珍, 吕萍, 朱鹏, 杜松林, 万俊, 安冬琪, 郑少忆*
作者信息
  • 南方医科大学南方医院心血管外科,广东广州 510515
  • 赵金珍,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事主动脉夹层、动脉粥样硬化与高脂血症方面的研究

通讯作者:

郑少忆,E-mail:
Predictive value of BMI combined with preoperative oxygenation index for postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford type A aortic dissection
Jin-Zhen Zhao, Ping Lv, Peng Zhu, Song-Lin Du, Jun Wan, Dong-Qi An, Shao-Yi Zheng*
Affiliations
  • Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
出版时间: 2023-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1787.2023.0619
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目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素及其预测价值。方法 收集2018年1月-2021年6月南方医科大学南方医院收治的146例诊断为TAAD并接受孙氏手术的患者进行回顾性分析。根据术后24 h内的氧合指数将患者分为低氧血症组(PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg)与非低氧血症组(PaO2/FiO2>200 mmHg)。比较两组患者术前氧合指数、气管插管时间和院内病死率等临床结局的差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各危险因素的预测价值。结果 TAAD患者术后低氧血症发生率为45.9%。与非低氧血症组比较,低氧血症组机械通气时间(P<0.001)和ICU停留时间(P=0.039)明显延长,且病死率明显增高(P=0.011)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,体重指数(BMI)高是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素(OR=1.701,P<0.001),而术前氧合指数高是术后低氧血症的保护性因素(OR=0.987,P=0.004)。ROC曲线分析显示,BMI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.848,最佳切点为25.8 kg/m2,术前氧合指数的AUC为0.808,最佳切点是265 mmHg。结论 BMI>25.8 kg/m2是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素,术前氧合指数>265 mmHg的患者术后不易发生低氧血症;术后合并低氧血症的患者气管插管时间更长,院内病死率更高。

Stanford A型主动脉夹层  /  术后低氧血症  /  危险因素  /  体重指数

Objectives To analyze the risk factors and their predictive value for postoperative hypoxemia in Type-A aortic dissection (TAAD). Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted among 146 consecutive patients diagnosed as TAAD and undergone aortic arch surgery from January 2018 to June 2021 in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. According to the lowest postoperative PaO2/FiO2 ratio within 24 hours, the patients were classified into two groups: hypoxemia group (PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 mmHg) and non-hypoxemia group (PaO2/FiO2 >200 mmHg). The difference of preoperative oxygen index, duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in hospital were analyzed between the two groups. The independent risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression and the predictive value was analyzed by receiver operator character (ROC) curves. Results For TAAD patients, the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was 45.9%. Compared to non-hypoxemia group, hypoxemia group exhibited longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P<0.001) and longer intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with hypoxemia presented higher mortality during hospital (P=0.011). Multivariate regression analysis identified BMI as independent risk factor (OR=1.701, P<0.001) and preoperation PaO2/FiO2 ratio as protective factors for postoperative hypoxemia in patients with TAAD (OR=0.987, P=0.004). Area under the ROC curve of BMI was 0.848, the optimal cut-off point of BMI was 25.8 kg/m2. Area under the ROC curve of pre-operation PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 0.808, the optimal cut-off point of preoperation PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 265 mmHg. Conclusions BMI higher than 25.8 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor and preoperation PaO2/FiO2 ratio higher than 265 mmHg is a protective factor for postoperative hypoxemia in patients with TAAD. Subjects with hypoxemia had longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and higher mortality.

type-A aortic dissection  /  hypoxemia  /  risk factors  /  BMI
赵金珍, 吕萍, 朱鹏, 杜松林, 万俊, 安冬琪, 郑少忆. BMI联合术前氧合指数对Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后低氧血症的预测价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1445 -1450 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1787.2023.0619
Jin-Zhen Zhao, Ping Lv, Peng Zhu, Song-Lin Du, Jun Wan, Dong-Qi An, Shao-Yi Zheng. Predictive value of BMI combined with preoperative oxygenation index for postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford type A aortic dissection[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1445 -1450 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1787.2023.0619
主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)是一种威胁人类健康和生命的重大疾病,发病率为(2.6~6.0)/10万,病死率高达90%[1-2]。主动脉夹层根据累及的范围分为Stanford A型主动脉夹层(Stanford type A aortic dissection,TAAD)和Stanford B型主动脉夹层,其中TAAD更常见,死亡风险更高,早期诊断和尽早接受手术治疗是降低病死率、改善预后的有效方法[3]。近年来,手术方式和体外循环技术的不断改进使TAAD患者术后并发症发生率有所下降,然而低氧血症的发生率仍然较高,国内外文献报道TAAD患者术后低氧血症发生率为28.4%~56.9%[4-6],低氧血症的出现明显延长了呼吸机使用时间和ICU停留时间,进而使住院时间延长,并增加了院内感染的风险,严重影响患者的早期康复。本研究探讨TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素,以期为临床预防和治疗相关的低氧血症提供临床依据,更好地促进患者术后康复,并改善预后。
选择2018年1月-2021年6月南方医科大学南方医院收治的146例诊断为TAAD的患者进行回顾性分析,其中男127例、女19例,年龄(51.5±12.9)岁。本研究获南方医科大学南方医院伦理委员会审批(NFEC-2021-074)。
(1)具有胸腹主动脉增强CT(computerized tomography angiography,CTA)结果,明确诊断为TAAD;(2)接受升主动脉置换[和(或)主动脉瓣置换、主动脉窦部成形、冠状动脉旁路移植术]、主动脉弓全弓置换、降主动脉支架置入术;(3)年龄>18岁且<80岁;(4)术前及术后24 h内动态监测血气分析。
(1)术中或术后24 h内死亡无法评估氧合情况;(2)各种原因导致血气分析缺失;(3)合并肝肾衰竭。
根据柏林定义对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的诊断标准,将术后24 h内氧合指数PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg作为低氧血症的诊断标准,不同研究中心评估术后低氧血症的时间在术后24~72 h[4,7],因本研究是评价术前因素及术中情况对发生低氧血症的影响,因此选取术后24 h作为评估低氧血症发生的时间。根据患者术后24 h内最低的氧合指数分为低氧血症组(PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg,n=67)与非低氧血症组(PaO2/FiO2>200 mmHg,n=79)。并根据WHO对亚洲人群体重指数(BMI)[8]的划分标准,将所有患者分为低体重(BMI<18.5 kg/m2n=5)、正常体重(BMI 18.5~22.9 kg/m2n=29)、超重(23.0~24.9 kg/m2n=38)、一级肥胖(BMI 25.0~29.9 kg/m2n=56)和二级肥胖(BMI≥30.0 kg/m2n=18)。
所有患者均接受改良孙氏手术。患者常规采用静脉吸入复合麻醉,首先游离右腋动脉、右侧股动脉,胸骨正中开胸后游离无名静脉、主动脉弓、头臂干、左颈总动脉、左锁骨下动脉,右心房插静脉引流管,右上肺静脉插左心引流管,转机降温开始体外循环,阻断升主动脉后经冠状动脉开口灌注心脏停搏液,处理主动脉根部病变。继续降温至25 ℃后停循环,阻断头臂干、左颈总动脉、左锁骨下动脉,开放主动脉行双侧脑灌注,升主动脉远端剖开主动脉弓至左颈总动脉开口处,远端置入人工支架血管隔绝假腔。将四分支血管主干远端与人工支架血管近端端端吻合,阻断四分支人工血管主干近端及其余分支,排气后恢复循环,将左颈总动脉、左锁骨下动脉远端与四分支血管相应分支端端吻合,升主动脉近端与四分支血管近端端端吻合,头低位排气,开放四分支血管主干,心脏复跳,最后将头臂干近端与四分支血管相应分支行端端吻合后复温,撤离体外循环,完成手术。
收集患者人口统计学资料(性别、年龄、BMI等),记录患者吸烟史、并发症、发病至手术时间、术前氧合指数、术前C反应蛋白(CRP)、D-二聚体等术前临床资料,并记录患者体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术中输血成分和量等术中情况,以及术后24 h内血气分析结果、术后气管插管时间、术后ICU停留时间、总住院时间及院内死亡情况等术后临床结局。将低氧血症组与非低氧血症组患者围手术期临床资料进行单因素分析,将差异有统计学意义的变量(P<0.05)纳入多因素logistic回归分析,确定术后低氧血症的独立危险因素。按照不同BMI进行亚组分析,比较不同BMI分组患者术后低氧血症发生率。为进一步探究BMI和术前氧合指数对术后低氧血症的影响,分别以BMI和术前氧合指数作为检验变量,以术后低氧血症发生率为状态变量,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operator character,ROC)曲线,利用约登指数寻找最佳截断值。
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用秩和检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;采用logistic回归模型分析TAAD患者术后低氧血症发生的危险因素,并采用ROC曲线寻找最佳截断值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
146例TAAD患者中,67例术后发生低氧血症,低氧血症发生率为45.9%。低氧血症组BMI(P<0.001)、高血压(P<0.001),以及谷丙转氨酶(P=0.022)、肌酐(P=0.021)和CRP(P=0.005)水平明显高于非低氧血症组,而术前氧合指数(P<0.001)、马凡综合征(P=0.013)明显低于非低氧血症组。但两组间年龄、性别、吸烟史、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)、发病至手术时间、白细胞计数、D-二聚体、白蛋白、脑利钠肽前体水平等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
低氧血症组患者手术时间和体外循环时间明显长于非低氧血症组(P=0.035,P=0.047),且术后低氧血症组患者假腔内血栓形成发生率明显高于非低氧血症组(P=0.02),而两组间术中深低温停循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、血浆和红细胞输注量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表2)。
与非低氧血症组比较,低氧血症组患者机械通气时间及ICU停留时间明显延长(P<0.001,P=0.039),且院内病死率明显增高(P=0.011),但两组间总住院时间、术后需体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)、连续肾脏替代疗法(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)及主动脉球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)辅助治疗差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。
将有统计学差异的变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型,最终纳入BMI和术前氧合指数2个变量,其中,BMI高是Stanford A型夹层患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素(OR=1.701,95%CI 1.277~2.266,P<0.001),而术前氧合指数高是Stanford A型夹层患者术后发生低氧血症的保护性因素(OR=0.987,95%CI 0.979~0.996,P=0.004)。
随着BMI分级的增高,低氧血症发生率也随之增高,低体重患者均未出现低氧血症,而二级肥胖患者术后均合并低氧血症(P<0.001,图1)。
ROC曲线分析显示,BMI和术前氧合指数的预测价值均较好。BMI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.848,95%CI为0.782~0.914,最佳截断值为25.8 kg/m2,敏感度为77.8%,特异度为80.3%。术前氧合指数的AUC为0.808,95%CI为0.729~0.887,最佳截断值为265 mmHg,敏感度为66.1%,特异度为82.0%(图2)。
TAAD作为一种高致死性的心血管急症,随着时间延长病死率明显升高,在发病第1天时,每小时的病死率可达1%~2%,发病1周内的病死率高达50%[9],即使接受外科手术治疗,患者仍面临低氧血症、急性肾功能损伤、神经系统功能障碍、肠系膜和肢体缺血等[10-11]各种严重并发症,严重影响患者术后康复进程,其中术后合并低氧血症明显延长TAAD患者机械通气时间和ICU停留时间[4,12]。因此,探讨TAAD患者术后低氧血症的危险因素,早期识别和积极干预对改善患者预后至关重要,然而目前国内外不同研究中心报道的TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的危险因素仍存在争议。
有研究发现,BMI是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素[4-5,7,13-14],然而关于BMI具体达到或超过多少更容易发生低氧血症目前仍存在争议。与先前的研究结果一致,本研究发现,多因素logisitc回归分析显示BMI是TAAD患者术后发生急性肺损伤的独立危险因素,进一步根据BMI进行亚组分析发现,二级肥胖的患者低氧血症发生率明显高于一级肥胖和超重患者,而低体重患者低氧血症发生率最低。生伟等[13]根据BMI是否>25 kg/m2分为肥胖与非肥胖患者,结果发现BMI>25 kg/m2是急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素。本研究ROC曲线分析发现,BMI的最佳截断值为25.8 kg/m2,AUC=0.848,敏感度为77.8%,特异度为80.3%,提示BMI>25.8 kg/m2的TAAD患者术后更容易合并低氧血症,具有较好的预测价值。同时,本研究发现,马凡综合征患者均分布在非低氧血症组,原因可能在于马凡综合征本身的发病特点,即好发于体型高大瘦长的人群,该类人群具有更低的BMI。肥胖患者更易合并低氧血症的可能机制在于:一方面呼吸力学的改变,这类患者胸壁更肥厚,胸廓和肺的顺应性更低,腹内压更高,从而功能残气量和肺活量均下降[15];另一方面,肥胖患者本身长期处于慢性炎症状态,体内的白色脂肪组织细胞释放更多炎症相关的脂肪因子和趋化因子,引起组织局部和系统的炎症反应[15],同时肥胖更易导致内质网应激增加和肺血管内皮细胞失功能,进而更容易发生急性肺损伤[16]
有研究报道,术前氧合指数<300 mmHg是TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素[12,17-18]。其机制可能为术前氧合指数下降与全身炎症反应相关,急性主动脉夹层发作时常伴随全身炎症级联反应,使肺泡内皮细胞受损、通透性增加,在此基础上,体外循环过程中缺血缺氧会进一步加重肺损伤,从而导致术后低氧血症的发生[12]。术前基础肺功能水平可明显影响患者术后肺功能的恢复,目前尚不明确较高的术前氧合指数是否有助于降低术后低氧血症的发生率。而本研究发现,术前氧合指数对术后低氧血症的预测价值较大,AUC=0.808,最佳截断值为265 mmHg,敏感度66.1%,特异度82.0%,推测术前氧合指数>265 mmHg的TAAD患者术后不易发生低氧血症。
有研究发现,TAAD患者术后低氧血症的危险因素还包括体外循环时间>195 min[12]、深低温停循环时间>25 min[18]、术前升高的白细胞水平[7]、女性[4]、发病至手术时间<72 h[18]、吸烟[14]、肾功能不全[14]、术后APACH II评分[7]等。本研究发现,两组患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间及深低温停循环时间差异均无统计学意义。原因可能在于,既往研究是按照体外循环时间>195 min、深低温停循环时间>25 min进行分组,而本研究是比较两组患者中位体外循环时间和深低温停循环时间的差异,采用的统计学方法不同造成的结果不一致,由于本研究所有病例均由同一手术团队完成,排除了手术者操作水平和术式的影响,具有较好的参考价值。然而,由于本研究为单中心、回顾性分析,存在一定的局限性,未来仍需多中心、前瞻性的临床研究来进一步验证。
综上所述,本研究发现,低氧血症是TAAD患者术后常见的并发症,可明显增加患者的机械通气时间和ICU停留时间,且增高术后院内病死率;患者术前BMI>25.8 kg/m2为TAAD患者术后发生低氧血症的独立危险因素;术前氧合指数>265 mmHg的患者术后不易发生低氧血症。充分的术前评估和适时的肺保护策略有望减少患者术后低氧血症的发生,从而改善患者临床结局,提高远期预后。
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2023年第48卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1787.2023.0619
  • 接收时间:2022-08-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-31
  • 录用日期:2023-01-07
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    南方医科大学南方医院心血管外科,广东广州 510515

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郑少忆,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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