Article(id=1199337304377623050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199337298941804946, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1757.2023.0619, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1661097600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1669478400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-27, onlineDate=1763873895972, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1706371200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873895972, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873895972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873895972, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199337298941804946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873894677, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874094669, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199338137823572576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199337298941804946, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199338137823572577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199337298941804946, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=70, endPage=74, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199337304650252828, articleId=1199337304377623050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Value of evaluating Graves ophthalmopathy motiliny by MRI T2-mapping, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-mapping in evaluating the activity of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods A total of 64 patients with GO in the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2019 to January 2021 were collected. Simple random grouping was performed by computer, with 49 cases as observation subjects, and 15 patients for diagnostic test. According to clinical activity score (CAS), 49 GO patients were divided into active group (CAS ≥3 points, 48 eyes) and inactive group (CAS <3 points, 50 eyes). Normal control group (NC group) included 31 patients (62 eyes). All subjects underwent 3.0T orbital MRI T2-mapping. Measuring the T2 relaxation time (T2RT) of superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus on five layers behind the eyeball on T2-mapping coronal images, and select the maximum value of T2RT in the five layers for each extraocular muscle to represent the T2RT of this extraocular muscle. Finally, select the maximum T2RT values of the four extraocular muscles, expressed as extraocular muscle maximum T2RT. Compare the differences of the above 5 indicators (superior rectus T2RT, inferior rectus T2RT, medial rectus T2RT, lateral rectus T2RT, extraocular muscle maximum T2RT) between active group, inactive group and NC group. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the above 5 indicators for GO activity assessment, and the diagnostic threshold was obtained. Then, another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests evaluation to determine the indicators of high diagnostic efficacy and the threshold of diagnostic activity. Results The T2RT of all extraocular muscles in active group were significantly higher than those in inactive group and NC group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The threshold value of the five indicators were obtained by ROC curve analysis. The maximum T2RT cut-off values of superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle and extraocular muscles for judging activity were 80.200 ms, 97.045 ms, 94.355 ms, 85.750 ms and 101.385 ms respectively. Another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests, the indexes with relatively high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT, the cut-off values of GO activity were 97.045 ms and 101.385 ms, respectively; the sensitivity were 91.7% and 93.8%, respectively; the specificity all were 80.0%. Conclusions MRI T2-mapping sequence has a good value in assessment of GO activity. The inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT can be choosed to evaluate the activity of GO.

, correspAuthors=Chun Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨磁共振T2-mapping在Graves眼病(GO)活动性评估方面的价值。方法 收集2019年7月-2021年1月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科就诊的GO患者64例,使用计算机对其进行简单随机分组,其中49例作为观察研究对象,另外15例进行诊断试验评价。按照临床活动性评分(CAS)将49例GO患者分为活动组(CAS≥3分,48只患眼)与非活动组(CAS<3分,50只患眼)。同期招募31名健康志愿者作为正常对照组,共62只眼。所有人均行3.0T眼眶磁共振T2-mapping成像。在T2-mapping冠状位图像上测量上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌眼球后5个层面的T2弛豫时间(T2RT),每块眼外肌分别取眼球后5个层面的T2RT最大值来代表该眼外肌的T2RT,最后取4块眼外肌T2RT中的最大值,以眼外肌最大T2RT表示。比较活动组、非活动组与正常对照组间上述5个指标(上直肌T2RT、下直肌T2RT、内直肌T2RT、外直肌T2RT、眼外肌最大T2RT)的差异;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析上述5个指标对GO活动性评估的诊断价值,得出诊断阈值,然后利用另外15例GO患者进行诊断试验评价,确定诊断效能较高的指标及其诊断活动性的阈值。结果 活动组所有眼外肌的T2RT均明显高于非活动组及正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌、眼外肌的最大T2RT判断活动性的截断值分别为80.200 ms、97.045 ms、94.355 ms、85.750 ms、101.385 ms。利用另外15例GO患者进行诊断试验评价,综合评估敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高的指标为下直肌T2RT、眼外肌最大T2RT,其判断活动性的截断值分别为97.045 ms、101.385 ms;敏感度分别为91.7%、93.8%;特异度均为80.0%。结论 磁共振T2-mapping序列对评估GO的活动性具有良好价值。临床上可选择测量下直肌T2RT或眼外肌最大T2RT协助评估GO的活动性。

, correspAuthors=刘纯, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘纯,E-mail:
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王璐,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌代谢性疾病方面的研究

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王璐,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌代谢性疾病方面的研究

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王璐,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌代谢性疾病方面的研究

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ophthalmopathy), Keyword(id=1199376217888616933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=magnetic resonance imaging T2-mapping), Keyword(id=1199376217980891625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=activity assessment), Keyword(id=1199376218081554926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=Graves眼病), Keyword(id=1199376218207384048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=磁共振T2-mapping), Keyword(id=1199376218324824563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=活动性评估)], refs=[Reference(id=1199376219943825972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, 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Extrathyroidal manifestations of thyroid disease: thyroid ophthalmopathy[J]. Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2008, 18(3): 527-536, viii-ix., articleTitle=Extrathyroidal manifestations of thyroid disease: thyroid ophthalmopathy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199376219633447462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, awardId=2020MSXM119, language=EN, fundingSource=Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project(2020MSXM119), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199376219738305065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, awardId=2020MSXM119, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2020MSXM119), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199376215623692640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199376215640469859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, companyId=1199376215623692640, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199376215648858468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, companyId=1199376215623692640, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科,重庆 400016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199376218521956858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Coronal view of T2-mapping of Graves ophthalmopathy patients, figureFileSmall=sp/Lip2WZQn1R/Q1PkDuBw==, figureFileBig=v47DNPTHYyST6uXlheKtwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199376218614231550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Graves眼病患者头颅冠状位T2-mapping图像

SR. 上直肌;IR. 下直肌;MR. 内直肌;LR. 外直肌

, figureFileSmall=sp/Lip2WZQn1R/Q1PkDuBw==, figureFileBig=v47DNPTHYyST6uXlheKtwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199376218731672069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of the basic information of the subjects ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

正常对照组
(n=31)

非活动组
(n=25)

活动组
(n=24)

年龄(岁)46.1±15.346.6±12.552.29±11.69(1)(2)
男性[例(%)]24(38.7)16(32.0)24(50.0)
身高(cm)161.90±5.77160.96±6.97159.79±10.31
体重(kg)61.94±9.6859.50±10.2360.45±10.90
FT3(pg/ml)2.94±0.364.75±3.08(1)3.66±1.01(2)
FT4(ng/dl)0.87±0.102.90±5.401.83±2.66
TSH(U/ml)1.86±1.003.51±9.68(1)2.90±6.36(2)
TRAb(U/L)0.47±0.158.43±10.22(1)14.51±13.14(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1199376218828141065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本信息的比较($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

正常对照组
(n=31)

非活动组
(n=25)

活动组
(n=24)

年龄(岁)46.1±15.346.6±12.552.29±11.69(1)(2)
男性[例(%)]24(38.7)16(32.0)24(50.0)
身高(cm)161.90±5.77160.96±6.97159.79±10.31
体重(kg)61.94±9.6859.50±10.2360.45±10.90
FT3(pg/ml)2.94±0.364.75±3.08(1)3.66±1.01(2)
FT4(ng/dl)0.87±0.102.90±5.401.83±2.66
TSH(U/ml)1.86±1.003.51±9.68(1)2.90±6.36(2)
TRAb(U/L)0.47±0.158.43±10.22(1)14.51±13.14(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1199376218958164496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of T2RT of extraocular muscles among each group (ms, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

正常对照组
(n=62)

非活动组
(n=50)

活动组
(n=48)

上直肌T2RT60.85±8.2366.96±9.68(1)108.25±30.30(2)(3)
下直肌T2RT67.64±9.1785.89±18.98(2)146.39±98.94(2)(3)
内直肌T2RT64.46±6.9874.33±13.77(2)119.89±40.32(2)(3)
外直肌T2RT71.32±6.3477.21±13.10106.96±33.80(2)(3)
眼外肌最大T2RT74.01±6.9889.89±18.44(2)158.65±99.59(2)(3)
), ArticleFig(id=1199376219054633491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组眼外肌T2RT的比较(ms, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

正常对照组
(n=62)

非活动组
(n=50)

活动组
(n=48)

上直肌T2RT60.85±8.2366.96±9.68(1)108.25±30.30(2)(3)
下直肌T2RT67.64±9.1785.89±18.98(2)146.39±98.94(2)(3)
内直肌T2RT64.46±6.9874.33±13.77(2)119.89±40.32(2)(3)
外直肌T2RT71.32±6.3477.21±13.10106.96±33.80(2)(3)
眼外肌最大T2RT74.01±6.9889.89±18.44(2)158.65±99.59(2)(3)
), ArticleFig(id=1199376219155296790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

ROC analysis parameters for GO activity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量AUC敏感度特异度约登指数截断值
上直肌T2RT0.9340.8330.9200.75380.200
下直肌T2RT0.9110.9170.8000.71797.045
内直肌T2RT0.8690.8690.9200.78994.355
外直肌T2RT0.8390.8390.8400.67985.750
眼外肌最大T2RT0.9250.9380.8000.738101.385
), ArticleFig(id=1199376219239182874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

GO活动性的ROC曲线分析参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量AUC敏感度特异度约登指数截断值
上直肌T2RT0.9340.8330.9200.75380.200
下直肌T2RT0.9110.9170.8000.71797.045
内直肌T2RT0.8690.8690.9200.78994.355
外直肌T2RT0.8390.8390.8400.67985.750
眼外肌最大T2RT0.9250.9380.8000.738101.385
), ArticleFig(id=1199376219314680349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Statistical index of diagnostic test evaluation of 15 GO patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量

敏感度
(%)

特异度(%)

阳性预
测值(%)

阴性预
测值(%)

Kappa值
上直肌T2RT50.0094.4485.7173.910.48
下直肌T2RT75.0088.8981.8284.210.65
内直肌T2RT33.3394.4480.0068.000.31
外直肌T2RT25.0094.4475.0065.380.22
眼外肌最大T2RT83.3383.3376.9288.240.66
), ArticleFig(id=1199376219406955042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199337304377623050, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

15例GO患者诊断试验评价的统计指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量

敏感度
(%)

特异度(%)

阳性预
测值(%)

阴性预
测值(%)

Kappa值
上直肌T2RT50.0094.4485.7173.910.48
下直肌T2RT75.0088.8981.8284.210.65
内直肌T2RT33.3394.4480.0068.000.31
外直肌T2RT25.0094.4475.0065.380.22
眼外肌最大T2RT83.3383.3376.9288.240.66
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磁共振T2-mapping评估Graves眼病活动性的价值
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王璐 , 樊瑶 , 龙健 , 张明巧 , 刘纯 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(1): 70-74
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(1): 70-74
磁共振T2-mapping评估Graves眼病活动性的价值
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王璐, 樊瑶, 龙健, 张明巧, 刘纯*
作者信息
  • 重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科,重庆 400016
  • 王璐,医学硕士,主要从事内分泌代谢性疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

刘纯,E-mail:
Value of evaluating Graves ophthalmopathy motiliny by MRI T2-mapping
Lu Wang, Yao Fan, Jian Long, Ming-Qiao Zhang, Chun Liu*
Affiliations
  • Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
出版时间: 2024-01-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1757.2023.0619
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目的 探讨磁共振T2-mapping在Graves眼病(GO)活动性评估方面的价值。方法 收集2019年7月-2021年1月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科就诊的GO患者64例,使用计算机对其进行简单随机分组,其中49例作为观察研究对象,另外15例进行诊断试验评价。按照临床活动性评分(CAS)将49例GO患者分为活动组(CAS≥3分,48只患眼)与非活动组(CAS<3分,50只患眼)。同期招募31名健康志愿者作为正常对照组,共62只眼。所有人均行3.0T眼眶磁共振T2-mapping成像。在T2-mapping冠状位图像上测量上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌眼球后5个层面的T2弛豫时间(T2RT),每块眼外肌分别取眼球后5个层面的T2RT最大值来代表该眼外肌的T2RT,最后取4块眼外肌T2RT中的最大值,以眼外肌最大T2RT表示。比较活动组、非活动组与正常对照组间上述5个指标(上直肌T2RT、下直肌T2RT、内直肌T2RT、外直肌T2RT、眼外肌最大T2RT)的差异;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析上述5个指标对GO活动性评估的诊断价值,得出诊断阈值,然后利用另外15例GO患者进行诊断试验评价,确定诊断效能较高的指标及其诊断活动性的阈值。结果 活动组所有眼外肌的T2RT均明显高于非活动组及正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌、眼外肌的最大T2RT判断活动性的截断值分别为80.200 ms、97.045 ms、94.355 ms、85.750 ms、101.385 ms。利用另外15例GO患者进行诊断试验评价,综合评估敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高的指标为下直肌T2RT、眼外肌最大T2RT,其判断活动性的截断值分别为97.045 ms、101.385 ms;敏感度分别为91.7%、93.8%;特异度均为80.0%。结论 磁共振T2-mapping序列对评估GO的活动性具有良好价值。临床上可选择测量下直肌T2RT或眼外肌最大T2RT协助评估GO的活动性。

Graves眼病  /  磁共振T2-mapping  /  活动性评估

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-mapping in evaluating the activity of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods A total of 64 patients with GO in the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2019 to January 2021 were collected. Simple random grouping was performed by computer, with 49 cases as observation subjects, and 15 patients for diagnostic test. According to clinical activity score (CAS), 49 GO patients were divided into active group (CAS ≥3 points, 48 eyes) and inactive group (CAS <3 points, 50 eyes). Normal control group (NC group) included 31 patients (62 eyes). All subjects underwent 3.0T orbital MRI T2-mapping. Measuring the T2 relaxation time (T2RT) of superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus on five layers behind the eyeball on T2-mapping coronal images, and select the maximum value of T2RT in the five layers for each extraocular muscle to represent the T2RT of this extraocular muscle. Finally, select the maximum T2RT values of the four extraocular muscles, expressed as extraocular muscle maximum T2RT. Compare the differences of the above 5 indicators (superior rectus T2RT, inferior rectus T2RT, medial rectus T2RT, lateral rectus T2RT, extraocular muscle maximum T2RT) between active group, inactive group and NC group. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the above 5 indicators for GO activity assessment, and the diagnostic threshold was obtained. Then, another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests evaluation to determine the indicators of high diagnostic efficacy and the threshold of diagnostic activity. Results The T2RT of all extraocular muscles in active group were significantly higher than those in inactive group and NC group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The threshold value of the five indicators were obtained by ROC curve analysis. The maximum T2RT cut-off values of superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle and extraocular muscles for judging activity were 80.200 ms, 97.045 ms, 94.355 ms, 85.750 ms and 101.385 ms respectively. Another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests, the indexes with relatively high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT, the cut-off values of GO activity were 97.045 ms and 101.385 ms, respectively; the sensitivity were 91.7% and 93.8%, respectively; the specificity all were 80.0%. Conclusions MRI T2-mapping sequence has a good value in assessment of GO activity. The inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT can be choosed to evaluate the activity of GO.

Graves ophthalmopathy  /  magnetic resonance imaging T2-mapping  /  activity assessment
王璐, 樊瑶, 龙健, 张明巧, 刘纯. 磁共振T2-mapping评估Graves眼病活动性的价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (1) : 70 -74 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1757.2023.0619
Lu Wang, Yao Fan, Jian Long, Ming-Qiao Zhang, Chun Liu. Value of evaluating Graves ophthalmopathy motiliny by MRI T2-mapping[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (1) : 70 -74 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1757.2023.0619
Graves眼病(graves ophthalmopathy,GO)是一种与甲状腺疾病相关的以眼眶组织炎症、扩张肿胀、脂肪浸润和纤维化为特征的自身免疫性眼眶疾病[1-2]。其治疗方案的选择主要根据其活动性及严重度[3]。目前广泛使用的GO活动性评估标准是根据Mourits等[4]提出的临床活动性(CAS)评分分为活动性(CAS≥3分)与非活动性(CAS<3分)。但CAS评分具有主观性,且CAS评分系统可能不太适用于面部轮廓不明显的亚洲人群[5]。此外,当前的CAS评分系统主要基于眼眶的前部可见部分,而忽略了眼外肌等深层结构。眼外肌是GO免疫攻击的主要靶器官之一,因而可通过影像学检查手段早期监测眼外肌的变化情况[6]。本研究通过磁共振T2-mapping序列测量眼外肌T2弛豫时间(T2 relaxation time,T2RT),并分析T2RT与GO活动性的关系,旨在协助评估GO的活动性以指导临床治疗。
收集2019年7月-2021年1月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科就诊的64例GO患者,使用计算机对其进行简单随机分组,将其中49例作为观察研究对象,另15例用于诊断试验评价。同期招募的31例健康志愿者作为正常对照组。本研究获重庆医科大学附属第一医院伦理委员会审批通过(2020-610)。
GO组纳入标准:(1)按照Bartly诊断标准[7]明确诊断为Graves眼病;(2)年龄>18岁;(3)自愿参加本研究。正常对照组纳入标准:(1)年龄>18岁的健康志愿者;(2)甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身抗体正常;(3)眼科检查显示视力、眼压、突眼度等正常。
GO组排除标准:(1)接受过皮质激素冲击治疗、放疗或眼眶手术的;(2)患有其他自身免疫性疾病。正常对照组排除标准:不能配合或不愿参加本研究。
GO患者活动性分组标准:根据2016年EUGOGO指南推荐CAS评分标准评估疾病活动性[8],CAS评分包括自发性眼球后疼痛、眼球运动时疼痛、眼睑红斑、眼睑水肿、结膜充血、结膜水肿、泪阜肿胀。出现1项得1分,得分≥3分者为活动组,得分<3分者为非活动组。将研究对象按照有无GO及GO活动性分为活动组(n=24,48只眼)、非活动组(n=25,50只眼)、正常对照组(n=31,62只眼)。
收集所有研究对象性别、年龄、身高、体重、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(thyrotropin receptor antibody,TRAb)。
检测仪器及试剂:Roche cobas 6000测定仪及其配套试剂。检测方法:化学免疫发光法测定甲状腺功能指标(FT3、FT4、TSH);电化学发光法测定自身抗体(TRAb)。参考值范围:FT3为2.01~4.82 pg/ml,FT4为0.59~1.25 ng/dl,TSH为0.56~5.91 μU/ml,TRAb为0.3~1.8 U/L。
扫描仪器:3.0T磁共振成像系统(Skyra,Siemens,德国)。线圈:20通道头颈联合线圈。冠状位T2-mapping扫描参数如下:重复时间(TR)1500 ms,回波时间(TE) 11 ms,扫描层厚2.5 mm,层间距0.25 mm,视场角(FOV) 180 mm×180 mm,扫描矩阵180×180。采集完图像后,由影像科医师将数据传输至重庆医科大学附属第一医院PACS系统及西门子后处理工作站。
采用西门子后处理工作站分析T2-mapping伪彩图并进行测量,以单侧眼为测量单位,测量冠状位上眼球后第1-5层面的T2RT。眼外肌T2RT测量方法:沿眼外肌外缘勾画感兴趣区域(ROI),后处理工作站会自动得出所勾画区域的T2RT(图1)。按照此方法,上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌4块眼外肌可分别得到眼球后5个层面的T2RT,每块眼外肌分别取眼球后5个层面T2RT的最大值来代表该眼外肌的T2RT,最后取4块眼外肌T2RT中的最大值代表这只眼整个眼外肌的T2RT。
比较活动组、非活动组与正常对照组3组间上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT的差异;采用ROC曲线得出上述5个指标诊断GO活动性的切点值;再利用另外的15例GO患者进行诊断试验的统计评价,选出诊断效能较高的指标并确定其判断GO活动性的切点值。
采用SAS 9.1软件进行统计分析。计量资料行正态性检验和方差齐性检验,对于符合正态分布及方差齐的以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;对于不符合正态分布及方差不齐的以M(Q1Q3)表示,多组间比较采用秩和检验(Kruskal-Wallis H检验)。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线计算出5个指标对GO活动性评估的诊断切点值;诊断试验的统计评价采用Kappa一致性检验,并计算这5个指标诊断GO活动性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
活动组、非活动组及正常对照组3组间性别、身高、体重、FT4差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);活动组年龄大于非活动组及正常对照组(P<0.05)。活动组与非活动组FT3、TSH、TRAb均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而在活动组与非活动组组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
活动组上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT均明显高于非活动组及正常对照组(P<0.01);除外直肌T2RT外,非活动组其余4个指标与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)(表2)。
ROC曲线分析结果显示,上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT对诊断GO活动性的效能参数见表3。其中,曲线下面积(AUC)、约登指数较高的指标为上直肌、下直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT。15例GO患者的诊断试验评价结果见表4。综合评估敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高的为下直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT,判断GO活动性的敏感度分别为91.7%、93.8%,特异度均为80%,且Kappa值均>0.6。因此,对GO活动性诊断效能较高的指标为下直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT,其诊断截断值分别为97.045 ms、101.385 ms。
CAS评分作为国际上公认的GO活动性评估标准,具有费用低、无创、简单等不可替代的优越性;但由于其受主观因素影响较大,缺乏精确的眼眶量化指标,因而不能客观反映眼球后组织的确切受累情况[9]。磁共振T2-mapping是测量组织T2RT的一种磁共振定量技术,可反映组织含水量,当GO病变处于炎性水肿期时,眼外肌的病理改变主要为炎性水肿,眼外肌水肿程度与其活动性呈正相关[10],而眼外肌组织含水量增多,T2RT也随之增大[11]。既往研究表明,眼外肌T2RT与GO活动性呈正相关[11],一些研究还提出眼外肌T2RT判断GO处于活动期的最佳临界值[11-12],但是,目前国内外对其诊断截断值尚未形成统一标准。
炎性水肿、脂肪浸润和纤维化是GO患者眼外肌的主要病理改变[7],但在细胞和分子水平上的异质性表达,可能会导致不同眼外肌产生不同步和不均匀的病变,即使是同一眼外肌,不同节段、不同部位的炎症病变程度也有可能不同。此外,T2RT通常是从单一切片上的人工跟踪ROI获得的,而不是从整体肌肉获得的,因而无法反映整条肌肉的病变情况。既往研究大多数测量T2RT是在冠状位眼外肌横截面积最大层面进行的[11,13-15],部分研究采用“热点法”测量眼外肌T2RT[12,16],即肉眼观察信号强度最高的部位,人工勾画出ROI继而得出T2RT,因此,这些研究的测量方法存在采样误差和主观偏差,具有一定的局限性,难以准确反映肌肉炎症病变程度。在冠状位图像上,眼外肌通常在眼球后第1-5层面显示清晰,且眼外肌病变主要累及肌腹,这5个层面刚好囊括以肌腹为中心的中段部位,因此,为了更全面地了解眼外肌炎症病变最严重的情况,本研究选择测量眼外肌眼球后的这5个层面T2RT进行分析。考虑到不同GO患者发生病变的眼外肌可能不同,本研究再次在4块眼外肌T2RT中取其最大值来代表此患眼的炎症病变程度,并进行相应分析。
本研究发现,活动组所有眼外肌的T2RT均明显高于非活动组及正常对照组,提示眼外肌T2RT对GO的活动性评估有一定意义。ROC曲线分析结果显示,对GO活动性诊断效能较高的指标为下直肌T2RT、眼外肌最大T2RT,其诊断截断值分别为97.045 ms、101.385 ms;敏感度分别为91.7%、93.8%;特异度均为80%。提示GO患者下直肌T2RT>97.045 ms,或者任一眼外肌T2RT>101.385 ms时,可判定GO处于活动期。利用15例患者的数据进行诊断试验验证发现,下直肌及眼外肌最大T2RT诊断效能较高,提示下直肌对于GO活动性的诊断效能是4块眼外肌中最好的,且4块眼外肌T2RT中的最大值同样具有较高的诊断效能,与既往研究得出的结论一致:GO最常受累的是下直肌,且受累最早、最严重,其次为上直肌、内直肌,而外直肌受累较少[17-19]。虽然GO患者的下直肌最常受累,但其他眼外肌也可能受累,因而本研究发现眼外肌最大T2RT与下直肌T2RT的诊断效能相当。为了避免漏诊,应测量所有眼外肌的T2RT,取其最大值进行诊断。但是,在测量T2RT的过程中发现,下直肌在磁共振图像上显示最清楚,而其他三块眼外肌在某些层面显示不清,导致测量困难。因此,在临床工作中,应尽量测量所有眼外肌显示清楚的层面的T2RT,选择其最大值进行诊断,这样才能更加准确地代表此患眼炎症病变的最严重程度。但是,在其他眼外肌显示不清的情况下可选择下直肌作为首选测量对象,且应测量下直肌显示清楚的所有层面的T2RT再选择其最大值,其中须包括肌腹中段部位(眼球后第3层面)[16]。总之,应尽量测量所有眼外肌的T2RT;在部分眼外肌显示不清的情况下,首选测量下直肌T2RT进行诊断,且应测量肌肉显示清楚的所有层面的T2RT,以避免漏诊。
综上所述,磁共振T2-mapping在GO的活动性评估方面具有良好的价值。为避免漏诊,应尽量测量所有眼外肌的T2RT再选择其最大值进行诊断,其中下直肌对于GO活动性的评估优于其他3块眼外肌,且在T2-mapping图像上显示最清楚,因此,在其他眼外肌显示不清的情况下,可首选下直肌进行测量。本研究尚存在一些不足之处:(1)样本量较小,仍需要大样本研究对本研究结果进行验证;(2)人为测量眼外肌T2RT可能存在误差。因此,未来可联合功能磁共振来进一步提高GO的诊断效能及准确度。
  • 重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2020MSXM119)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1757.2023.0619
  • 接收时间:2022-08-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-22
  • 录用日期:2022-11-27
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Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project(2020MSXM119)
重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2020MSXM119)
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    重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科,重庆 400016

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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