Article(id=1199335107547988769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2265.2023.0915, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1668355200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1671120000000, acceptedDateStr=2022-12-16, onlineDate=1763873372208, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1709049600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873372208, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873372208, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873372208, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199335100786766058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='2', pageStart='123', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873370596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874072387, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199338044361896535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199338044361896536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199335107854172971, articleId=1199335107547988769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Comparison of the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance assessment indexes in identifying left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in T2DM patients, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance (IR) assessment indexes in identifying subclinical left ventricular systolic function impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 150 T2DM patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF≥50%) who were admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS). According to GLS value, the subjects were divided into the normal group (GLS≥18% group, n=80) and the impaired group (GLS<18% group, n=70). Some new simplified IR assessment indicators were calculated and compared between the two groups, including body mass index (BMI), TG/HDL‑C ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG‑BMI index, TyG‑WHR and metabolic score for IR (METS‑IR). Correlation between the GLS and the new simplified IR assessment indexes was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of different simplified IR assessment indexes, with the area under the curve (AUC) calculated. Furthermore, according to whether the subjects were complicated with hypertension, binary logistics regression analysis was performed to explore the independent correlation between the simplified IR assessment index and GLS <18%. Results Total 150 were included with aged (54.5±13.7) years with 96 (64.0%) men and 54 (36.0%) women. Compared with the GLS≥18% group, the TG/HDL‑C ratio, TyG index, TyG‑BMI, and METS‑IR of subjects in the GLS<18% group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG/HDL‑C ratio, TyG index, TyG‑BMI, TyG‑WHR, and METS‑IR were negatively correlated with GLS (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG index had a certain predictive value for the evaluation of GLS<18% (AUC=0.678, 95%CI 0.591-0.765, P<0.001). Stratification based on hypertension and further adjusting for confounding factors, TyG index remains significantly associated with GLS<18% (OR=3.249, 95%CI 1.045-10.103, P=0.042). Conclusions The novel simplified insulin resistance evaluation indexes are closely associated with left ventricular subclinical systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with preserved ejection fraction. TyG index is an effective index to identify left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in these populations.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Miao Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 分析新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值。方法 收集2021年6-12月就诊于空军军医大学第一附属医院内分泌科的150例左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%的T2DM患者进行回顾性分析。所有患者均接受二维斑点追踪超声心动图检查,并测量左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)。将受试者根据GLS值分为左心室亚临床收缩功能正常组(GLS≥18%组,n=80)与左心室亚临床收缩功能受损组(GLS<18%组,n=70)。此外,计算体重指数(BMI)、三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL‑C比值)、TG‑葡萄糖(TyG)指数、TyG‑BMI指数(TyG‑BMI)、TyG‑WHR指数(TyG‑WHR)、胰岛素抵抗代谢指数(METS‑IR),作为新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标,并进行两组间比较。采用Pearson相关分析法分析简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与GLS的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评估新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对GLS<18%人群的诊断效能。基于高血压分层的二元logistics回归分析简化胰岛素抵抗评估指标与GLS<18%的独立相关性。结果 150例患者年龄(54.5±13.7)岁,其中男96例(64.0%),女54例(36.0%)。与GLS≥18%组比较,GLS<18%组患者的TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG指数、TyG‑BMI、METS‑IR均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG指数、TyG‑BMI、TyG‑WHR、METS‑IR均与GLS呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TyG指数对评价GLS<18%具有一定的预测价值(AUC=0.678,95%CI 0.591~0.765,P<0.001)。基于高血压分层且校正混杂因素后,二元logistics回归分析显示,TyG指数与GLS<18%独立相关(OR=3.249,95%CI 1.045~10.103,P=0.042)。结论 新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损密切相关。TyG指数是识别该人群左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的有效指标。

, correspAuthors=李晓苗, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李晓苗,E-mail:
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陈艳艳,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病及其并发症方面的研究

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陈艳艳,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病及其并发症方面的研究

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陈艳艳,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病及其并发症方面的研究

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Int J Cardiol, 2017, 233: 105-112., articleTitle=Early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in first-degree relatives of diabetic patients by myocardial deformation imaging: the role of endothelial glycocalyx damage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199364107347525761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=474, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=de Las Heras N, Lahera V, journalName=Pflugers Arch, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Las Heras N, Lahera V. Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart disease associated with insulin resistance conditions[J]. Pflugers Arch, 2022, 474(1): 21-31., articleTitle=Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart disease associated with insulin resistance conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199364107435606147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=474, issue=1, pageStart=33, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Jaquenod De Giusti C, Palomeque J, Mattiazzi A, journalName=Pflugers Arch, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jaquenod De Giusti C, Palomeque J, Mattiazzi A. Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy[J]. Pflugers Arch, 2022, 474(1): 33-61., articleTitle=Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199364107515297925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=8, pageStart=653, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Demaison L, journalName=Antioxidants (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Demaison L. Oxidative stress and obesity- and type 2 diabetes-induced heart failure[J]. 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JAMA, 2017, 317(6): 626-634., articleTitle=Genetic association of waist-to-hip ratio with cardiometabolic traits, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199364102817677360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, awardId=82070839, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070839), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199364102897369139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, awardId=82070839, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070839), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199364102972866611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, awardId=2020JZ-31, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2020JZ-31), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199364103044169781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, awardId=2020JZ-31, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省基础研究计划重点项目(2020JZ-31), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199364096375227249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364096383615858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, companyId=1199364096375227249, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364096392004467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, companyId=1199364096375227249, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1空军军医大学第一附属医院内分泌科,陕西西安 710032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199364096505250677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364096513639287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, companyId=1199364096505250677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364096517833591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, companyId=1199364096505250677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2空军军医大学第一附属医院超声科,陕西西安 710032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199364096597525370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364096605913979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, companyId=1199364096597525370, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Medicine, Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364096610108284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, companyId=1199364096597525370, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3南昌大学玛丽女王学院医学部,江西南昌 330038)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199364102037536797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the new simplified insulin resistance assessment indexes for the global longitudinal strain (GLS) <18%, figureFileSmall=DX7HKTEwEq1XaOqcJaZ7rA==, figureFileBig=a5C+6yHI+83okMVpQXWmZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199364102104645663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对GLS<18%的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线

TyG. 三酰甘油‑葡萄糖;TyG‑WHR. 三酰甘油‑葡萄糖‑腰臀比指数;TyG‑BMI. 三酰甘油‑葡萄糖‑体重指数;TG/HDL‑C比值. 三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值;METS‑IR. 胰岛素抵抗代谢指数

, figureFileSmall=DX7HKTEwEq1XaOqcJaZ7rA==, figureFileBig=a5C+6yHI+83okMVpQXWmZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199364102217891873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of clinical data between the two groups

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指标 GLS<18%组(n=70) GLS≥18%组(n=80) χ2/t P
男/女(例) 45/25 51/29 0.005 0.946
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 55.0±13.6 51.7±13.7 1.488 0.139
高血压[例(%)] 37(52.9) 31(38.8) 2.998 0.083
糖尿病病程(年, $\bar{x}±s$) 10.40±7.27 10.00±7.24 -0.337 0.736
体重(kg, $\bar{x}±s$) 70.43±13.21 66.21±12.60 -1.999 0.047
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$) 24.75±3.68 23.57±3.63 -1.972 0.050
WHR 0.94±0.07 0.92±0.07 -1.517 0.131
心率(次/min, $\bar{x}±s$) 78.86±12.98 73.89±11.42 -2.477 0.014
收缩压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$) 136.79±21.29 130.06±14.19 -2.301 0.023
舒张压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$) 79.71±12.77 76.91±9.00 -1.568 0.119
HbA1c(%, $\bar{x}±s$) 9.77±2.26 7.95±1.49 -5.894 <0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 12.79±5.12 10.77±4.66 -2.523 0.013
总胆固醇(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 4.14±1.49 3.96±1.04 -0.867 0.387
TG(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 2.01±1.67 1.42±0.85 -2.774 0.006
HDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 1.03±0.33 1.16±0.49 1.876 0.063
LDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 2.38±1.13 2.36±1.16 -0.130 0.897
载脂蛋白A1(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 1.18±0.21 1.22±0.20 1.211 0.228
载脂蛋白B(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 0.70±0.28 0.71±0.37 0.101 0.919
尿微量白蛋白[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 14.30(8.30, 54.70) 10.70(8.20, 14.30) -2.568 0.010
UACR[mg/mmol, M(Q1, Q3)] 1.20(1.27, 6.31) 2.00(0.76, 2.35) -3.531 <0.001
eGFR[ml/(min‧1.73m2), $\bar{x}±s$] 121.20±45.07 113.54±33.68 -1.188 0.237
尿酸(μmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 322.51±90.54 320.62±74.11 -0.139 0.889
LVEF(%, $\bar{x}±s$) 60.28±4.29 59.87±5.07 0.506 0.613
GLS(%, $\bar{x}±s$) 15.16±2.11 20.49±2.10 15.454 <0.001
他汀类[例(%)] 20.0(28.6) 15.0(18.8) 2.013 0.156
胰岛素[例(%)] 42.0(48.8) 39.0(60.0) 1.902 0.168
二甲双胍[例(%)] 45.0(64.3) 60.0(75.0) 2.041 0.153
ACEI/ARB类[例(%)] 20.0(28.6) 14.0(17.5) 2.611 0.106
GLP1激动剂[例(%)] 9.0(12.9) 6.0(7.5) 0.190 0.275
SGLT2抑制剂[例(%)] 5.0(7.1) 9.0(11.3) 0.744 0.388
新型胰岛素抵抗评价指标($\bar{x}±s$)
TyG指数 9.62±0.73 9.18±0.74 -3.655 <0.001
TyG-WHR 8.57±2.33 8.16±1.94 -1.193 0.235
TyG-BMI 239.04±45.86 216.68±38.20 -3.258 0.001
TG/HDL-C比值 2.23±2.13 1.40±1.05 -3.101 0.002
METS-IR 53.69±11.33 47.49±9.45 -3.655 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199364102326943779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组受试者临床资料比较

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指标 GLS<18%组(n=70) GLS≥18%组(n=80) χ2/t P
男/女(例) 45/25 51/29 0.005 0.946
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 55.0±13.6 51.7±13.7 1.488 0.139
高血压[例(%)] 37(52.9) 31(38.8) 2.998 0.083
糖尿病病程(年, $\bar{x}±s$) 10.40±7.27 10.00±7.24 -0.337 0.736
体重(kg, $\bar{x}±s$) 70.43±13.21 66.21±12.60 -1.999 0.047
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$) 24.75±3.68 23.57±3.63 -1.972 0.050
WHR 0.94±0.07 0.92±0.07 -1.517 0.131
心率(次/min, $\bar{x}±s$) 78.86±12.98 73.89±11.42 -2.477 0.014
收缩压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$) 136.79±21.29 130.06±14.19 -2.301 0.023
舒张压(mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$) 79.71±12.77 76.91±9.00 -1.568 0.119
HbA1c(%, $\bar{x}±s$) 9.77±2.26 7.95±1.49 -5.894 <0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 12.79±5.12 10.77±4.66 -2.523 0.013
总胆固醇(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 4.14±1.49 3.96±1.04 -0.867 0.387
TG(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 2.01±1.67 1.42±0.85 -2.774 0.006
HDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 1.03±0.33 1.16±0.49 1.876 0.063
LDL-C(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 2.38±1.13 2.36±1.16 -0.130 0.897
载脂蛋白A1(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 1.18±0.21 1.22±0.20 1.211 0.228
载脂蛋白B(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 0.70±0.28 0.71±0.37 0.101 0.919
尿微量白蛋白[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 14.30(8.30, 54.70) 10.70(8.20, 14.30) -2.568 0.010
UACR[mg/mmol, M(Q1, Q3)] 1.20(1.27, 6.31) 2.00(0.76, 2.35) -3.531 <0.001
eGFR[ml/(min‧1.73m2), $\bar{x}±s$] 121.20±45.07 113.54±33.68 -1.188 0.237
尿酸(μmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 322.51±90.54 320.62±74.11 -0.139 0.889
LVEF(%, $\bar{x}±s$) 60.28±4.29 59.87±5.07 0.506 0.613
GLS(%, $\bar{x}±s$) 15.16±2.11 20.49±2.10 15.454 <0.001
他汀类[例(%)] 20.0(28.6) 15.0(18.8) 2.013 0.156
胰岛素[例(%)] 42.0(48.8) 39.0(60.0) 1.902 0.168
二甲双胍[例(%)] 45.0(64.3) 60.0(75.0) 2.041 0.153
ACEI/ARB类[例(%)] 20.0(28.6) 14.0(17.5) 2.611 0.106
GLP1激动剂[例(%)] 9.0(12.9) 6.0(7.5) 0.190 0.275
SGLT2抑制剂[例(%)] 5.0(7.1) 9.0(11.3) 0.744 0.388
新型胰岛素抵抗评价指标($\bar{x}±s$)
TyG指数 9.62±0.73 9.18±0.74 -3.655 <0.001
TyG-WHR 8.57±2.33 8.16±1.94 -1.193 0.235
TyG-BMI 239.04±45.86 216.68±38.20 -3.258 0.001
TG/HDL-C比值 2.23±2.13 1.40±1.05 -3.101 0.002
METS-IR 53.69±11.33 47.49±9.45 -3.655 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199364102448578599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The new simplified insulin resistance assessment indexes to evaluate the predictive value of GLS<18%

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变量 AUC(95%CI)

特异度

(%)

敏感度

(%)

P
TyG指数 0.678(0.591~0.765) 73.8 54.3 <0.001
TyG-WHR 0.635(0.546~0.724) 92.5 22.9 0.004
TyG-BMI 0.636(0.547~0.725) 70.0 45.7 0.004
TG/HDL-C比值 0.627(0.537~0.716) 82.5 31.4 0.007
METS‑IR 0.659(0.571~0.746) 71.3 51.4 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199364102532464681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标评估GLS<18%的诊断效能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 AUC(95%CI)

特异度

(%)

敏感度

(%)

P
TyG指数 0.678(0.591~0.765) 73.8 54.3 <0.001
TyG-WHR 0.635(0.546~0.724) 92.5 22.9 0.004
TyG-BMI 0.636(0.547~0.725) 70.0 45.7 0.004
TG/HDL-C比值 0.627(0.537~0.716) 82.5 31.4 0.007
METS‑IR 0.659(0.571~0.746) 71.3 51.4 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199364102603767851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335107547988769, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Logistics regression analysis of TyG index and GLS<18% based on hypertension stratification

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TyG指数模型 GLS<18%合并高血压 GLS<18%不合并高血压
OR(95%CI) P OR(95%CI) P
模型1 1.778(0.831~3.803) 0.138 2.485(1.311~4.708) 0.005
模型2 1.862(0.839~4.136) 0.127 2.490(1.292~4.799) 0.006
模型3 1.889(0.421~8.474) 0.406 3.249(1.045~10.103) 0.042
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基于高血压分层的TyG指数与GLS<18%的logistics回归分析

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TyG指数模型 GLS<18%合并高血压 GLS<18%不合并高血压
OR(95%CI) P OR(95%CI) P
模型1 1.778(0.831~3.803) 0.138 2.485(1.311~4.708) 0.005
模型2 1.862(0.839~4.136) 0.127 2.490(1.292~4.799) 0.006
模型3 1.889(0.421~8.474) 0.406 3.249(1.045~10.103) 0.042
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新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值
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陈艳艳 1 , 李梦颖 1 , 周洁 1 , 付建芳 1 , 张颖 1 , 王奕 1 , 王铖 1 , 刘向阳 1 , 拓胜军 2 , 刘丽文 2 , 李泽平 3 , 李晓苗 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(2): 137-143
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(2): 137-143
新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值
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陈艳艳1, 李梦颖1, 周洁1, 付建芳1, 张颖1, 王奕1, 王铖1, 刘向阳1, 拓胜军2, 刘丽文2, 李泽平3, 李晓苗1, *
作者信息
  • 1空军军医大学第一附属医院内分泌科,陕西西安 710032
  • 2空军军医大学第一附属医院超声科,陕西西安 710032
  • 3南昌大学玛丽女王学院医学部,江西南昌 330038
  • 陈艳艳,硕士研究生,主要从事糖尿病及其并发症方面的研究

通讯作者:

李晓苗,E-mail:
Comparison of the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance assessment indexes in identifying left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in T2DM patients
Yan-Yan Chen1, Meng-Ying Li1, Jie Zhou1, Jian-Fang Fu1, Ying Zhang1, Yi Wang1, Cheng Wang1, Xiang-Yang Liu1, Sheng-Jun Ta2, Li-Wen Liu2, Ze-Ping Li3, Xiao-Miao Li1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710032, China
  • 2Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710032, China
  • 3Department of Medicine, Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2265.2023.0915
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目的 分析新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值。方法 收集2021年6-12月就诊于空军军医大学第一附属医院内分泌科的150例左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%的T2DM患者进行回顾性分析。所有患者均接受二维斑点追踪超声心动图检查,并测量左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)。将受试者根据GLS值分为左心室亚临床收缩功能正常组(GLS≥18%组,n=80)与左心室亚临床收缩功能受损组(GLS<18%组,n=70)。此外,计算体重指数(BMI)、三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL‑C比值)、TG‑葡萄糖(TyG)指数、TyG‑BMI指数(TyG‑BMI)、TyG‑WHR指数(TyG‑WHR)、胰岛素抵抗代谢指数(METS‑IR),作为新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标,并进行两组间比较。采用Pearson相关分析法分析简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与GLS的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评估新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对GLS<18%人群的诊断效能。基于高血压分层的二元logistics回归分析简化胰岛素抵抗评估指标与GLS<18%的独立相关性。结果 150例患者年龄(54.5±13.7)岁,其中男96例(64.0%),女54例(36.0%)。与GLS≥18%组比较,GLS<18%组患者的TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG指数、TyG‑BMI、METS‑IR均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG指数、TyG‑BMI、TyG‑WHR、METS‑IR均与GLS呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TyG指数对评价GLS<18%具有一定的预测价值(AUC=0.678,95%CI 0.591~0.765,P<0.001)。基于高血压分层且校正混杂因素后,二元logistics回归分析显示,TyG指数与GLS<18%独立相关(OR=3.249,95%CI 1.045~10.103,P=0.042)。结论 新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损密切相关。TyG指数是识别该人群左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的有效指标。

糖尿病,2型  /  胰岛素抵抗  /  三酰甘油‑葡萄糖指数  /  左心室整体纵向应变

Objective To investigate the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance (IR) assessment indexes in identifying subclinical left ventricular systolic function impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 150 T2DM patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF≥50%) who were admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS). According to GLS value, the subjects were divided into the normal group (GLS≥18% group, n=80) and the impaired group (GLS<18% group, n=70). Some new simplified IR assessment indicators were calculated and compared between the two groups, including body mass index (BMI), TG/HDL‑C ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG‑BMI index, TyG‑WHR and metabolic score for IR (METS‑IR). Correlation between the GLS and the new simplified IR assessment indexes was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of different simplified IR assessment indexes, with the area under the curve (AUC) calculated. Furthermore, according to whether the subjects were complicated with hypertension, binary logistics regression analysis was performed to explore the independent correlation between the simplified IR assessment index and GLS <18%. Results Total 150 were included with aged (54.5±13.7) years with 96 (64.0%) men and 54 (36.0%) women. Compared with the GLS≥18% group, the TG/HDL‑C ratio, TyG index, TyG‑BMI, and METS‑IR of subjects in the GLS<18% group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG/HDL‑C ratio, TyG index, TyG‑BMI, TyG‑WHR, and METS‑IR were negatively correlated with GLS (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG index had a certain predictive value for the evaluation of GLS<18% (AUC=0.678, 95%CI 0.591-0.765, P<0.001). Stratification based on hypertension and further adjusting for confounding factors, TyG index remains significantly associated with GLS<18% (OR=3.249, 95%CI 1.045-10.103, P=0.042). Conclusions The novel simplified insulin resistance evaluation indexes are closely associated with left ventricular subclinical systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with preserved ejection fraction. TyG index is an effective index to identify left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in these populations.

diabetes mellitus, type 2  /  insulin resistance  /  triglyceride glucose index  /  left ventricular global longitudinal strain
陈艳艳, 李梦颖, 周洁, 付建芳, 张颖, 王奕, 王铖, 刘向阳, 拓胜军, 刘丽文, 李泽平, 李晓苗. 新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (2) : 137 -143 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2265.2023.0915
Yan-Yan Chen, Meng-Ying Li, Jie Zhou, Jian-Fang Fu, Ying Zhang, Yi Wang, Cheng Wang, Xiang-Yang Liu, Sheng-Jun Ta, Li-Wen Liu, Ze-Ping Li, Xiao-Miao Li. Comparison of the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance assessment indexes in identifying left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in T2DM patients[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (2) : 137 -143 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2265.2023.0915
心血管疾病是糖尿病的常见并发症,近半数的糖尿病患者最终死于心血管事件[1-4]。据报道,部分糖尿病患者在没有冠状动脉疾病、瓣膜疾病和相关心血管危险因素的情况下存在左室纵向心肌收缩功能障碍[5-7],被视为此类患者心功能障碍亚临床表现的首要形式[8-9]。影像学研究显示,左心室向心性重塑是糖尿病心肌较为典型的特征,这可能与心肌能量学代谢受损和心室收缩应变降低有关[10-11]。因此,考虑到预后差、经济负担高,早期诊断和及时干预对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)心力衰竭高危人群至关重要。既往研究发现,胰岛素抵抗可能与心力衰竭的发病机制有关[12-14]。其他研究也观察到胰岛素抵抗与心脏重构和功能障碍之间存在显著关系[15-17]。然而,作为胰岛素敏感性的“金标准”检查,高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹技术治疗费时、昂贵、有创,导致其临床应用受限[18]。近年来,以常规的生化检测或人体计量测量为基础的更为简单和实用的指标(如胰岛素抵抗指数)广泛用于评估胰岛素敏感性[19-20]。但少有研究分析新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值。本研究评估常见简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标在不同左心室亚临床收缩功能范围的T2DM患者中的应用,探讨其诊断意义及可行性,尝试筛选具有较高诊断效能的评估指标并探索其最佳临界值。
收集2021年6-12月就诊于空军军医大学第一附属医院内分泌科的150例左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)≥50%的T2DM住院患者进行回顾性分析。150例中,男96例(64.0%),女54例(36.0%),均为汉族,体重指数(body mass index,BMI)为(24.12±3.69) kg/m2,糖尿病病程(10.12±7.23)年,年龄(54.5±13.7)岁。纳入标准:(1)符合《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》诊断标准[21];(2)性别不限,年龄≥18岁。排除标准:(1)1型糖尿病及其他特殊类型糖尿病;(2)有心脏疾病史和(或)脑卒中史;(3)LVEF<50%;(4)收缩压/舒张压>180/100 mmHg;(5)心电图异常;(6)严重心瓣膜疾病;(7)严重肾脏或肝脏衰竭;(8)影像学图像无法分析;(9)感染性疾病。本研究获空军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审批(XJLL-KY20222107)。
采集受试者基本人口学信息,包括民族、年龄、性别、临床病史、家族史,用药情况;采用标准方案测量人体计量学指标和血压,包括身高、体重和心率,计算BMI、腰臀比(waist-hip ratio,WHR);计算TyG指数和TyG与常用人体测量学指数的乘积组合。
使用免疫比浊法检测尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(urinary albumin creatinine ratio,UACR),估测肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)由CKD-EPI公式计算得出。全自动生化分析仪(4000 r/min离心5 min,离心半径22.5 cm)检测患者空腹血清生化指标包括糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖、血清尿酸,血肌酐及常规血脂谱高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)及载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白B等指标(美国,Beckman全自动生化分析仪,BK-200)。高血压定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥90 mmHg,或目前使用高血压药物治疗。
(1)TG/HDL‑C;(2)TyG指数=Ln(TG×FPG/2)[22];(3)TyG‑BMI=TyG×BMI;(4)TyG‑WHR=TyG×WHR;(5)胰岛素抵抗代谢指数(metabolic score for insulin resistance,METS‑IR)=Ln[(2×FPG)+TG]×BMI/Ln(HDL‑C)[23]
超声心动图评估由经过认证、专业和培训的超声技师使用统一的设备对受试者临床资料未知的情况下进行。所有受试者均接受二维斑点追踪超声测量。使用专用软件(Philips Healthcare,iE33系统,X5-1探头)从标准二维采集(帧率:60~80 /s)测量心肌纵向应变。左心室整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)的计算采用左室17节段模型,从顶部腔室视图(心尖四腔、二腔和三腔室视图)获得成像。在心室收缩帧结束时,在3个心尖视图上按点击法手动追踪心内膜轮廓,心外膜边缘被软件自动识别,当不需要进一步调整时,图像验证并接受分析。追踪不充分的片段被排除在外。然后,在17节段左室模型中评估每个节段的心肌纵向应变参数。分别用心内膜层、中间层和心外膜层的纵向应变对基底部、中间部和心尖水平的心肌应变进行测量计算。使用QLAB 8.1二维应变专用分析软件计算每个心肌层的所有节段值,最终得出GLS的平均值。
根据既往研究及指南推荐[24-25],将受试者依据GLS绝对值分为左心室亚临床收缩功能正常组(GLS≥18%组,n=80)和心室亚临床收缩功能受损组(GLS<18%组,n=70)。比较两组间临床指标及简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标的差异,分析简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与GLS的相关性,并分析不同简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的诊断效能。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据整理和统计分析。采用Kolmogorov‑Smirnov检验评价数据是否符合正态分布,符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用t检验;偏态分布资料用M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Pearson相关分析法分析胰岛素抵抗评价指标与GLS的相关性。以GLS<18%作为截断值,采用ROC曲线分析不同简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的诊断效能并计算AUC。根据是否GLS <18%为结局,建立二元logistics回归模型分析新型胰岛素抵抗评价指标TyG指数与GLS<18%的独立相关性。
P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
两组性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、BMI、高血压患病率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与GLS≥18%组比较,GLS<18%组体重、心率、收缩压、HbA1c、空腹血糖、TG、尿微量白蛋白水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且GLS<18%组的TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG指数、TyG‑BMI和METS‑IR也明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。
Pearson相关分析结果显示,TyG指数(r=-0.307,P<0.001)、TyG‑WHR(r=-0.175,P=0.032)、TyG-BMI(r=-0.271,P=0.001)、TG/HDL-C比值(r=-0.267,P=0.001)、METS‑IR(r=-0.289,P<0.001)均与GLS呈明显负相关。
以GLS<18%作为切点值定义左心室亚临床收缩功能受损,分别绘制新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标的ROC曲线(图1),结果显示,TyG指数具有较高的诊断效能(AUC=0.678)。依据约登指数最大值寻找其最佳切点值为9.44,敏感度为73.8%、特异度为54.3%;而TyG‑WHR的特异度最高(92.5%)(表2)。
为进一步探索TyG指数与GLS的独立相关性,根据受试者是否合并高血压进行分层,以GLS是否<18%作为二分类结局,进行多模型二元logistic回归分析。模型1未校正任何因素,模型2校正性别和年龄,模型3进一步校正潜在的混杂因素,包括性别、年龄及在单因素分析时有统计学差异的变量(糖尿病病程、HbA1c、心率、空腹血糖、收缩压、LVEF、尿微量白蛋白)后,结果显示在不合并高血压的T2DM患者中,TyG指数与GLS<18%呈独立相关(OR=3.249,95%CI 1.045~10.103,P=0.042)(表3)。
胰岛素抵抗是T2DM的主要病理机制之一,可诱导血管内皮功能障碍、全身脂质代谢改变和葡萄糖代谢异常,加速心血管疾病的发展[26]。因此,监测胰岛素抵抗对预防和应对糖尿病相关心血管事件具有重要意义。近年来,一些更加简化实用的胰岛素敏感性评价指标由于其方便、快捷的优点逐渐被开发应用,有望早期识别风险人群。本研究通过比较新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标对GLS评估的T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的预测价值,发现简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与GLS具有明显相关性。其中TyG指数与GLS关系最为密切,且与GLS受损独立相关,对预测T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损风险具有良好的效能。
既往流行病学和临床研究发现,除心肌梗死和其他动脉粥样硬化相关的心血管事件外,心力衰竭是诱发糖尿病患者心血管疾病发病和死亡的主要原因[27]。多项研究发现,在无明显冠状动脉疾病或心力衰竭的糖尿病患者中存在心肌功能障碍,这使得糖尿病心肌病逐渐被认知,并与糖尿病性心脏病等不良结局密切联系[28-29]。鉴于此,早期诊断和及时干预对T2DM心力衰竭高危人群具有重要意义。此外,临床研究证实,胰岛素抵抗与心力衰竭的相关性较高[30]。一项基于20年的前瞻性研究表明,胰岛素抵抗是左心室收缩功能障碍的预测因素[31]。此外,有基础研究证实,胰岛素抵抗引起的高胰岛素血症可直接促进心肌肥厚,该研究进一步发现,过量的心脏胰岛素信号可加剧啮齿类动物压力负荷过载引起的收缩功能障碍[32]。然而在临床实践中,由于测量胰岛素的成本相对较高,胰岛素抵抗的内稳态模型评估(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)的使用受到极大限制。因此,针对HOMA-IR,有研究者提出并验证了包括TyG及其与人体测量学指标组合在内的几种简化胰岛素抵抗替代指标[33-34]。其中,TyG指数已被证实与高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹技术和HOMA-IR有较强的相关性[35-36]。本研究中,T2DM患者GLS<18%组的TyG指数、TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG‑BMI和METS‑IR明显高于GLS≥18%组;Pearson相关分析也显示,TyG指数、TG/HDL‑C比值、TyG‑BMI、TyG‑WHR、METS‑IR均与GLS呈明显负相关,提示这些新型胰岛素抵抗评估工具对于左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的风险具有一定的识别意义,且TyG指数与GLS相关系数最大。为进一步探索TyG指数与GLS的独立相关性,本研究采用二元logistic回归分析校正潜在的混杂因素,结果发现在不合并高血压的T2DM患者中,TyG指数与GLS<18%呈明显独立相关,支持了既往有关TyG指数是一种方便、可靠、有效的胰岛素抵抗替代指标的结论[35-37],同时提示TyG指数是识别该人群左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的有效指标。一项病例对照研究发现,与正常血糖代谢组比较,血糖异常组存在早期的亚临床左心室心肌功能障碍[38]。进一步研究发现,胰岛素抵抗标志物即胰岛素敏感指数与GLS受损有关,与本研究结果一致。以上研究提示,在糖代谢障碍中的心室肌纵向应变损伤可能由多种机制引起,包括自主神经功能障碍、心肌能量代谢改变[39]、心肌收缩蛋白结构变化及晚期糖基化终末产物和氧化应激产生的胶原积累[40-41]等,这些因素相互影响,共同加剧了糖尿病心力衰竭的发生、发展。
此外,本研究基于GLS<18%为状态变量进行ROC曲线分析比较不同简化胰岛素抵抗评估指标的诊断价值。结果显示,与其他组合简化参数比较,TyG指数的AUC最大(0.678),提示其有较好的早期诊断效能。但依据最大Youden指数确定TyG指数的最佳切点值的特异度、敏感度分别为73.8%和54.3%,并未显现出理想的诊断价值,可能与本研究纳入的样本量较少有关,希望未来能在更大样本的人群中进一步验证。此外,本研究发现TyG-WHR检测特异度(92.5%)最高,与一项多达322 154例参与者的观察性研究结果一致,该研究观察到高WHR与T2DM和冠心病的发生风险增加密切相关[42]
本研究尚存在一定的局限性。首先,为基于单中心、小样本进行的关于评估TyG指数和TyG相关参数在检测T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能方面的有效性研究,排除标准中并未排除高血压。临床上,作为代谢综合征的组成部分之一,糖尿病与高血压往往相伴发生。因此选择血压正常的糖尿病患者可能需要一个更大样本量的研究中心,拥有包含更全面、详细临床信息的患者数据库。其次,目前对于左心室亚临床收缩功能的定义受到目标人群、检测仪器、代谢特征等情况的影响,本研究结果的推广仍需在更大规模的队列中进行验证。再次,由于操作复杂、成本高昂、受试者依从性欠佳等,致使本研究尚未获得以高胰岛素‑正葡萄糖钳夹技术为代表的金标准对照。最后,尽管基线研究数据表明他汀类、胰岛素及新型降糖药物在两组受试者中差异无统计学意义,但仍不可避免影响心肌功能重构的药物对研究结果造成的偏倚。
综上,本研究结果显示,新型简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标与T2DM患者左心室亚临床收缩功能受损密切相关,其中,TyG指数是识别该人群左心室亚临床收缩功能受损的有效指标。因此,本研究对于评价简化胰岛素抵抗评价指标应用于早期识别具有高危心血管事件风险的T2DM患者的推广提供了进一步的证据,但本研究样本量有限,期待后续能在更大样本量的前瞻性队列人群中加以验证。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070839)
  • 陕西省基础研究计划重点项目(2020JZ-31)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2265.2023.0915
  • 接收时间:2022-11-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14
  • 录用日期:2022-12-16
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070839)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070839)
Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2020JZ-31)
陕西省基础研究计划重点项目(2020JZ-31)
作者信息
    1空军军医大学第一附属医院内分泌科,陕西西安 710032
    2空军军医大学第一附属医院超声科,陕西西安 710032
    3南昌大学玛丽女王学院医学部,江西南昌 330038

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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