Article(id=1199335105383723329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1978.2023.0410, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1663603200000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1676217600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-02-13, onlineDate=1763873371691, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1709049600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873371691, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873371691, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873371691, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199335100786766058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='2', pageStart='123', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873370596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874072387, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199338044361896535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199338044361896536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=188, endPage=193, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199335105698296138, articleId=1199335105383723329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Synovial sarcoma of the liver: a case report and literature review, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To report a case of synovial sarcoma of the liver and review the literature for improving the understanding of the disease. Methods The clinical data of a patient with liver synovial sarcoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University were analyzed retrospectively. The imaging, pathological features, treatment and prognosis of this disease were summarized by searching the database (CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, untill July 2022) and the literature results analyzed comprehensively. Results The patient was a 71-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mass with mixed density in the right lobe and caudate lobe of the liver. The large cross section size was about 115 mm×87 mm and the mass showed continuous heterogeneous enhancement, being considered as malignant hepatic tumors with multiple metastasis of the liver and lung. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was performed, and microscopy showed the tumor cells were obvious atypical, and some were spindle-shaped. Immunohistochemistry showed that the patient was positive for vimentin (VIM), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), methylation of histone at lysine 27 (H3K27Me3), and negative for pan cytokeratin (CK-pan) and S-100, and pathological diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made. The patient did not undergo subsequent treatment and was lost to follow-up after discharge. A total of 12 cases of hepatic synovial sarcoma were reported after searching the database. The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain or distention. The lesions were mostly located in the right lobe of the liver, usually large, heterogeneous density, and heterogeneous enhancement on enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Spindle-shaped cells were found at histopathologic examination. Immunohistochemistry showed the patient was positive for VIM, EMA, H3K27Me, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1). SS18-SSX fusion gene or SS18 gene isolation were detected. Eleven patients received surgical treatment, 5 received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 4 had recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusions Synovial sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumor of the liver. The clinical and imaging features are not specific. The diagnosis depends on pathology. At present, the main treatment is surgery, and comprehensive treatment such as adjuvant chemotherapy can be performed. The prognosis of the patient is poor.

, correspAuthors=Qing Zhou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 报道1例肝脏滑膜肉瘤病例并进行文献复习,以提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾性分析河南大学第一附属医院收治的1例肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者的病例资料,并检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台及PubMed数据库中相关病例报道,时间截至2022年7月,复习相关文献,总结其影像学特征、病理特征及相关治疗和预后。结果 本例患者,女,71岁,因腹痛入院,计算机断层扫描(CT)检查示肝右叶及尾状叶混杂密度肿块,较大截面大小115 mm×87 mm,增强扫描肿块呈持续不均匀强化,考虑肝脏恶性肿瘤并肝、肺多发转移。行超声引导下穿刺活检,病理镜下见瘤细胞异型性明显,部分呈梭形。免疫组化示波形蛋白(VIM)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)、组蛋白H3赖氨酸27-三甲基化(H3K27Me3)阳性,广谱细胞角蛋白(CK-pan)、神经特异性蛋白(S-100)阴性,病理诊断为滑膜肉瘤。患者未行后续治疗,出院后失访。截至2022年7月,国内外共报道12例肝脏滑膜肉瘤病例,临床表现为腹痛或腹胀,病变多位于肝右叶,通常体积较大,密度不均,CT或磁共振成像(MRI)增强扫描呈不均匀强化。病理学检查镜下见梭形细胞,免疫组化示VIM、EMA、H3K27Me、B细胞淋巴瘤白血病-2蛋白(BCL-2)及分裂蛋白1转导蛋白样增强子(TLE1)等阳性。基因检测示SS18-SSX融合基因或SS18基因分离。11例患者行手术治疗,5例术后辅助化疗,随访期内4例复发或转移。结论 肝脏滑膜肉瘤是一种罕见的肝脏恶性肿瘤,临床征象及影像表现不具特异性,确诊需依赖病理,免疫组化及基因检测可辅助诊断。目前主要治疗方案为手术,可予辅助化疗等综合治疗,患者预后不佳。

, correspAuthors=周青, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周青,E-mail:
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王晓蕾,硕士研究生,主要从事影像诊断方面的研究

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王晓蕾,硕士研究生,主要从事影像诊断方面的研究

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王晓蕾,硕士研究生,主要从事影像诊断方面的研究

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Oncology, 2022,100(7): 370-375., articleTitle=Poor treatment outcomes with second-line chemotherapy in advanced synovial sarcoma, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199364097130201991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364097176339337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, companyId=1199364097130201991, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199364097184727946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, companyId=1199364097130201991, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南大学第一附属医院放射科,河南开封 475000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199364100980573177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Contrast-enhanced CT images of the abdomen of a patient with liver synovial sarcoma, figureFileSmall=6az2ZVJnkpTO8wBmKeNmJQ==, figureFileBig=VLxQLb20OBaBUgGKM//mtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199364101056070651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1例肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者腹部增强CT图像

A. 肿块突向腹腔并浸润下腔静脉,动脉期不均匀强化,瘤内见动脉小血管样强化;B. 静脉期肿块及下腔静脉病变持续不均匀强化,右肾静脉受侵;C. 延迟期肿块实性部分与正常肝实质呈等密度,囊性部分无强化

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部分细胞呈梭形,瘤细胞异型性明显,弥漫分布

, figureFileSmall=vXy3mpphK6Djmqeu1pzknQ==, figureFileBig=fNtn073bPCNCZaahGwRAIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199364101345476612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Literature review of 12 cases of synovial sarcomas of the liver

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病例 性别 年龄(岁) 临床表现 部位 免疫组织化学 基因检测 诊断 治疗 预后 参考文献
1 11 间断恶心、呕吐、腹痛6年,加重2个月 肝右叶 CK-pan(+),CK7(+),VIM(+),CD99(+),TLE1(+),CD117(+),myogenin(-),CK20(-),PAX-8(-),WT-1(-),GPC-3(-),SF1(-),SMA(-),S-100(-),CD34(-),DES9(-),Ki-67(20%+) 融合基因SS18-SSX1 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后2个月余无复发 [13]
2 13 间断右上腹痛10 d 肝右叶

VIM(+),BCL-2(+),TLE-1(+),CK7(+),DOG1(-),CD117(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),CD99(-),HMB-45(-)

融合基因SS18-SSX1 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术+4个周期化疗 术后11个月复发,16个月仍存活 [8]
3 18 疲劳、恶心、呕吐、腹胀 肝左叶 AE1/AE3(+),CD99(-),CD34(-),CD117(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术 未报道 [6]
4 21 呕吐、腹痛 、腹泻1周 肝左叶 CK7(+),CK19(+),CDX2(+),SALL4(+),CD10(+),DPC4(+),CD34(-),SMA(-),S-100(-),CD117(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX1 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后3个月无复发 [10]
5 24 发热、上腹痛 肝右叶 VIM(+),CD99(+),AE1/AE3(局灶+),EMA9(局灶+),CD117(-),CD31(-),CLA(-),CgA(-),CD34(-),DES(-),Syn(-),S-100(-),Actin(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX 低分化滑膜肉瘤 手术+5个周期化疗 术后18个月无复发 [12]
6 42 上腹胀痛1周余 肝右叶

VIM(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+),PCK(+),CD34(-),EMA(-),S-100(-),CD117(-),DOG1(-),DES(-),Melan-A(-),HMB-45(-),SMA(-),GFAP(-)

未报道 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术 3年后肝多发转移 [11]
7 44 急性右上腹剧烈疼痛 肝左叶

VIM(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+),EMA(+),CD31(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),HMB-45(-),NSE(-)

SS18(SYT)基因分离 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术,首次复发后手术+化疗 术后6个月复发,13个月死亡 [7]
8 45 头痛、腰背痛加重1个月 肝右叶 VIM(+),CK18(+),Bcl-2(+),TFE3(+),CD99(+) 未报道 双相滑膜肉瘤 未报道(骨转移) 未报道 [15]
9 48 上腹痛 肝右叶

VIM(+),CD56(+),TLE1(+),FLi1(+),H3K27Me3(+),INI1(+),低相对分子质量细胞角蛋白(+),CK18(腺样成分+),CD99(-),NY-ESO-1(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),SOX10(-),SMA(-),STAT6(-),HepPar-1(-),Arginase-1(-),ERG(-),DES(-),CgA(-)

SS18(SYT)基因分离 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后8个月无复发 [14]
10 49 上腹剧痛4 h 尾状叶

VIM(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+),EMA(+),CK8(+),CD34(-),EMA(-),S-100(-),SMA(-)

未报道 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后6个月无复发 [9]
11 52 上腹痛 肝右叶

VIM(+),CD56(+),TLE1(+),FLi1(+),H3K27Me3(+),INI1(+),低相对分子质量细胞角蛋白(+),CK18(腺样成分+),CD99(-),NY-ESO-1(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),SOX10(-),SMA(-),STAT6(-),HepPar-1(-),Arginase-1(-),ERG(-),DES(-),CgA(-)

SS18(SYT)基因分离 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术+化疗 术后3个月无复发 [14]
12 60 急性右上腹痛 肝右叶 VIM(+),BCL-2(+),AE1/AE3(-),CAM5.2(-),CK7(-),CK20(-),S-100(-),HMB-45(-),MART-1(-),CD34(-),CD99(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术+化疗 术后3个月死于转移 [5]
), ArticleFig(id=1199364101425168394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335105383723329, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

12例肝脏滑膜肉瘤病例的文献复习

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病例 性别 年龄(岁) 临床表现 部位 免疫组织化学 基因检测 诊断 治疗 预后 参考文献
1 11 间断恶心、呕吐、腹痛6年,加重2个月 肝右叶 CK-pan(+),CK7(+),VIM(+),CD99(+),TLE1(+),CD117(+),myogenin(-),CK20(-),PAX-8(-),WT-1(-),GPC-3(-),SF1(-),SMA(-),S-100(-),CD34(-),DES9(-),Ki-67(20%+) 融合基因SS18-SSX1 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后2个月余无复发 [13]
2 13 间断右上腹痛10 d 肝右叶

VIM(+),BCL-2(+),TLE-1(+),CK7(+),DOG1(-),CD117(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),CD99(-),HMB-45(-)

融合基因SS18-SSX1 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术+4个周期化疗 术后11个月复发,16个月仍存活 [8]
3 18 疲劳、恶心、呕吐、腹胀 肝左叶 AE1/AE3(+),CD99(-),CD34(-),CD117(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术 未报道 [6]
4 21 呕吐、腹痛 、腹泻1周 肝左叶 CK7(+),CK19(+),CDX2(+),SALL4(+),CD10(+),DPC4(+),CD34(-),SMA(-),S-100(-),CD117(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX1 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后3个月无复发 [10]
5 24 发热、上腹痛 肝右叶 VIM(+),CD99(+),AE1/AE3(局灶+),EMA9(局灶+),CD117(-),CD31(-),CLA(-),CgA(-),CD34(-),DES(-),Syn(-),S-100(-),Actin(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX 低分化滑膜肉瘤 手术+5个周期化疗 术后18个月无复发 [12]
6 42 上腹胀痛1周余 肝右叶

VIM(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+),PCK(+),CD34(-),EMA(-),S-100(-),CD117(-),DOG1(-),DES(-),Melan-A(-),HMB-45(-),SMA(-),GFAP(-)

未报道 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术 3年后肝多发转移 [11]
7 44 急性右上腹剧烈疼痛 肝左叶

VIM(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+),EMA(+),CD31(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),HMB-45(-),NSE(-)

SS18(SYT)基因分离 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术,首次复发后手术+化疗 术后6个月复发,13个月死亡 [7]
8 45 头痛、腰背痛加重1个月 肝右叶 VIM(+),CK18(+),Bcl-2(+),TFE3(+),CD99(+) 未报道 双相滑膜肉瘤 未报道(骨转移) 未报道 [15]
9 48 上腹痛 肝右叶

VIM(+),CD56(+),TLE1(+),FLi1(+),H3K27Me3(+),INI1(+),低相对分子质量细胞角蛋白(+),CK18(腺样成分+),CD99(-),NY-ESO-1(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),SOX10(-),SMA(-),STAT6(-),HepPar-1(-),Arginase-1(-),ERG(-),DES(-),CgA(-)

SS18(SYT)基因分离 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后8个月无复发 [14]
10 49 上腹剧痛4 h 尾状叶

VIM(+),CD99(+),Bcl-2(+),EMA(+),CK8(+),CD34(-),EMA(-),S-100(-),SMA(-)

未报道 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术 术后6个月无复发 [9]
11 52 上腹痛 肝右叶

VIM(+),CD56(+),TLE1(+),FLi1(+),H3K27Me3(+),INI1(+),低相对分子质量细胞角蛋白(+),CK18(腺样成分+),CD99(-),NY-ESO-1(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),SOX10(-),SMA(-),STAT6(-),HepPar-1(-),Arginase-1(-),ERG(-),DES(-),CgA(-)

SS18(SYT)基因分离 双相滑膜肉瘤 手术+化疗 术后3个月无复发 [14]
12 60 急性右上腹痛 肝右叶 VIM(+),BCL-2(+),AE1/AE3(-),CAM5.2(-),CK7(-),CK20(-),S-100(-),HMB-45(-),MART-1(-),CD34(-),CD99(-) 融合基因SS18-SSX 单相滑膜肉瘤 手术+化疗 术后3个月死于转移 [5]
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肝脏滑膜肉瘤1例并文献复习
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王晓蕾 , 周青 * , 李琰 , 李嘉欣 , 郭帅康 , 徐淑菲
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(2): 188-193
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(2): 188-193
肝脏滑膜肉瘤1例并文献复习
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王晓蕾, 周青* , 李琰, 李嘉欣, 郭帅康, 徐淑菲
作者信息
  • 河南大学第一附属医院放射科,河南开封 475000
  • 王晓蕾,硕士研究生,主要从事影像诊断方面的研究

通讯作者:

周青,E-mail:
Synovial sarcoma of the liver: a case report and literature review
Xiao-Lei Wang, Qing Zhou* , Yan Li, Jia-Xin Li, Shuai-Kang Guo, Shu-Fei Xu
Affiliations
  • Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1978.2023.0410
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目的 报道1例肝脏滑膜肉瘤病例并进行文献复习,以提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾性分析河南大学第一附属医院收治的1例肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者的病例资料,并检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台及PubMed数据库中相关病例报道,时间截至2022年7月,复习相关文献,总结其影像学特征、病理特征及相关治疗和预后。结果 本例患者,女,71岁,因腹痛入院,计算机断层扫描(CT)检查示肝右叶及尾状叶混杂密度肿块,较大截面大小115 mm×87 mm,增强扫描肿块呈持续不均匀强化,考虑肝脏恶性肿瘤并肝、肺多发转移。行超声引导下穿刺活检,病理镜下见瘤细胞异型性明显,部分呈梭形。免疫组化示波形蛋白(VIM)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)、组蛋白H3赖氨酸27-三甲基化(H3K27Me3)阳性,广谱细胞角蛋白(CK-pan)、神经特异性蛋白(S-100)阴性,病理诊断为滑膜肉瘤。患者未行后续治疗,出院后失访。截至2022年7月,国内外共报道12例肝脏滑膜肉瘤病例,临床表现为腹痛或腹胀,病变多位于肝右叶,通常体积较大,密度不均,CT或磁共振成像(MRI)增强扫描呈不均匀强化。病理学检查镜下见梭形细胞,免疫组化示VIM、EMA、H3K27Me、B细胞淋巴瘤白血病-2蛋白(BCL-2)及分裂蛋白1转导蛋白样增强子(TLE1)等阳性。基因检测示SS18-SSX融合基因或SS18基因分离。11例患者行手术治疗,5例术后辅助化疗,随访期内4例复发或转移。结论 肝脏滑膜肉瘤是一种罕见的肝脏恶性肿瘤,临床征象及影像表现不具特异性,确诊需依赖病理,免疫组化及基因检测可辅助诊断。目前主要治疗方案为手术,可予辅助化疗等综合治疗,患者预后不佳。

肝脏  /  滑膜肉瘤  /  诊断  /  治疗

Objective To report a case of synovial sarcoma of the liver and review the literature for improving the understanding of the disease. Methods The clinical data of a patient with liver synovial sarcoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University were analyzed retrospectively. The imaging, pathological features, treatment and prognosis of this disease were summarized by searching the database (CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, untill July 2022) and the literature results analyzed comprehensively. Results The patient was a 71-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mass with mixed density in the right lobe and caudate lobe of the liver. The large cross section size was about 115 mm×87 mm and the mass showed continuous heterogeneous enhancement, being considered as malignant hepatic tumors with multiple metastasis of the liver and lung. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was performed, and microscopy showed the tumor cells were obvious atypical, and some were spindle-shaped. Immunohistochemistry showed that the patient was positive for vimentin (VIM), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), methylation of histone at lysine 27 (H3K27Me3), and negative for pan cytokeratin (CK-pan) and S-100, and pathological diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made. The patient did not undergo subsequent treatment and was lost to follow-up after discharge. A total of 12 cases of hepatic synovial sarcoma were reported after searching the database. The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain or distention. The lesions were mostly located in the right lobe of the liver, usually large, heterogeneous density, and heterogeneous enhancement on enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Spindle-shaped cells were found at histopathologic examination. Immunohistochemistry showed the patient was positive for VIM, EMA, H3K27Me, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1). SS18-SSX fusion gene or SS18 gene isolation were detected. Eleven patients received surgical treatment, 5 received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 4 had recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusions Synovial sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumor of the liver. The clinical and imaging features are not specific. The diagnosis depends on pathology. At present, the main treatment is surgery, and comprehensive treatment such as adjuvant chemotherapy can be performed. The prognosis of the patient is poor.

liver  /  synovial sarcoma  /  diagnosis  /  treatment
王晓蕾, 周青, 李琰, 李嘉欣, 郭帅康, 徐淑菲. 肝脏滑膜肉瘤1例并文献复习. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (2) : 188 -193 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1978.2023.0410
Xiao-Lei Wang, Qing Zhou, Yan Li, Jia-Xin Li, Shuai-Kang Guo, Shu-Fei Xu. Synovial sarcoma of the liver: a case report and literature review[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (2) : 188 -193 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1978.2023.0410
滑膜肉瘤是第四大常见的软组织肉瘤,占全球所有软组织肉瘤的5%~10%[1],常累及四肢(80%~95%),而较少发生在头颈部、纵隔和腹膜后等部位,无症状期为2~4年[2-4]。滑膜肉瘤原发于肝脏者罕见,经检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台及PubMed数据库,自2005年第1例肝脏原发性滑膜肉瘤被报道以来,截至2022年7月,国内外共报道相关病例12例[5-15]。2021年10月河南大学第一附属医院收治1例肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者,本研究综合其临床征象并进行文献复习,对该病进行讨论、归纳,以增进临床工作者对该疾病的认知。
患者女,71岁,因腹部隐痛4个月余,加重10 d入院。4个月余前,患者无明显诱因出现间断性腹部隐痛,以中上腹及右下腹明显,可耐受。无发热,无反酸、胃灼热,无恶心、呕吐,无腹胀、腹泻及食欲缺乏、乏力等表现。10 d前,患者腹痛加重,在当地医院检查后转诊于本院。
体温36.3 ℃,呼吸频率19次/min,脉搏73次/min,血压124/80 mmHg。余无特殊。
肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、糖类抗原CA199(carbohydrate antigen 199,CA199)水平正常。腹部增强计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)示(图1):肝S1段及S5段可见混杂密度肿块,部分突向腹腔,边缘呈分叶状,较大截面115 mm×87 mm,增强扫描动脉期可见肿块不均匀轻度强化,内见细小动脉分支显影;静脉期及延迟期持续不均匀强化,部分病变区与正常肝实质呈等密度。肿块侵入下腔静脉,呈梭形混杂密度肿块,累及门静脉右支、肝右静脉及右肾静脉,可见充盈缺损。肝内多发类圆形稍低密度影,增强扫描三期呈持续轻度强化。胆囊、十二指肠及胰腺受压、推移。腹膜后可见多发稍大淋巴结,增强扫描呈明显强化。CT诊断肝S1段及S5段外生性恶性肿瘤并下腔静脉、门脉右支、肝右静脉及右肾静脉受侵、伴肝内多发转移。建议行磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)进一步检查以明确诊断,患者家属拒绝。胸部CT示双肺多发转移。后行超声引导下穿刺活检。
大体标本呈灰白色条形碎组织;镜下见部分细胞呈梭形,瘤细胞异型性明显,弥漫分布(图2)。
免疫组织化学示:肿瘤细胞增殖指数(index of cell proliferation activity,Ki-67)>20%,波形蛋白(vimentin,VIM)、上皮膜抗原(epithelial membrane antigen,EMA)、组蛋白H3赖氨酸27三甲基化(methylation of histone at lysine 27,H3K27Me3)、尤文氏肉瘤标记物(cluster differentiation 99,CD99)、血管内皮细胞标记物(CD34)表达阳性,平滑肌肌动蛋白(smooth muscles actin,SMA)表达弱阳性,结蛋白(desmin,DES)局灶弱阳性,广谱细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK-pan)、神经特异性蛋白(S-100)、性别决定区盒基因10(sex determining region Y-box 10,SOX10)、胃肠道间质瘤标志物(discovered on GIST-1,DOG-1)、c-kit癌基因蛋白(CD117)、黑色素瘤相关抗原(melanoma,HMB-45)、信号转导与转录因子6(signal transducers and activators of thanscription 6,STAT6)阴性。综合考虑滑膜肉瘤。
患者家属放弃治疗,出院后失访。
截至2022年7月,以“肝脏”“滑膜肉瘤”及“liver”“synovial sarcomas”为关键词在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台及PubMed数据库检索,共获得11篇相关文献,其中英文文献8篇,中文文献3篇,共纳入12例患者[5-15] (表1)。
12例患者中,男8例,女4例,年龄11~60岁(中位年龄43岁)。除1例因头痛及腰背痛入院外,其余11例均有腹痛或腹胀症状。影像学检查包括超声(33.3%,4/12)、CT(100.0%,12/12)、MRI(33.3%,4/12)及正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描(positron emission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)(44.4%,5/12)。病变位于肝右叶者8例(66.7%,8/12),肝左叶者3例(25.0%,3/12),尾状叶者1例(8.3%,1/12)。除1例肿瘤直径为2.5 cm外,其余患者肿瘤最小直径均>5 cm,且密度不均,部分病变呈多房囊性改变,并可有周围组织结构受侵征象[5-15]。12例患者均经病理证实为肝脏滑膜肉瘤(单相型6例,双相型5例,低分化型1例)。行基因检测的9例患者中,6例检测到融合基因SS18-SSX,3例检测到SS18(SYT)基因分离。除1例就诊时已骨转移外,其余11例均行手术治疗,5例术后行辅助化疗。对于报道了预后的10例患者,在随访期(2~36个月)内2例复发(其中1例死亡),2例转移(其中1例死亡)。
肝脏滑膜肉瘤罕见,目前已报道12例患者[5-15],男女比例为2∶1,中位年龄为43岁(11~60岁)。可能是由于病例数量少,与文献报道的其他部位滑膜肉瘤患者性别比无差异或男性略多的结论存在差异[16-18]。临床表现为腹部疾病常见的腹痛、腹胀等症状,无特异性。病变多数位于肝右叶,其次是肝左叶、尾状叶。本例患者因腹痛就诊,病变位于肝右叶及尾状叶,与既往报道类似。
该病患者影像学检查表现为CT或MRI上圆形或类圆形的巨大多房囊性或混杂实性占位,增强扫描实性部分呈不均匀强化,分隔亦可强化,并可有周围组织结构受侵征象[1114]。Liu等[15]报道的患者PET/CT检查肿瘤治疗前最大标准化摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax)为5.7,与其他部位滑膜肉瘤的检查结果相符[19]。然而,行MRI检查的4例患者[101214]均未见滑膜肉瘤典型的“三重信号征”[T2加权像(T2 weighted imaging,T2WI)高、等、低信号混杂存在]或液平面[20-22]。肝脏滑膜肉瘤影像学表现不具特异性,诊断时需与其他肝脏恶性肿瘤相鉴别:(1)肝细胞癌。患者常有肝炎或肝硬化病史,多数患者肿瘤标志物AFP明显升高,典型影像表现为CT增强扫描肝内低密度肿块动脉期明显强化,静脉期迅速廓清,即“快进快出”表现。(2)肝脏血管肉瘤。男性多见,增强扫描表现为肝脏低或混杂密度肿块呈向心性不均匀强化[23]。(3)肝脏未分化胚胎性肉瘤。通常发生于6~10岁儿童,增强扫描延迟期见肿瘤边缘及分隔强化[24]。此外,还应与肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、孤立性纤维瘤、肝母细胞瘤等相鉴别,患者为儿童时还应注意与肝脏寄生虫病相鉴别。依据本例患者的CT表现,仅考虑肝脏恶性肿瘤,未能进一步明确。
滑膜肉瘤的确诊依赖于病理,免疫组化及基因检测可辅助诊断。其在病理组织学上分为3种类型:包含均匀的梭形细胞的单相型,包含梭形细胞和上皮细胞的双相型,以及由双相成分、单相成分及具有高侵袭性的多形性或圆形细胞组成的低分化型[1625]。在已报道的肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者中,单相型较多见,其次为双相型,低分化型少见。
免疫组化表型方面,软组织肿瘤病理诊断免疫组化指标选择专家共识(2015)推荐的EMA、CK、CD99、调宁蛋白(calponin)、B细胞淋巴瘤白血病-2蛋白(B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2,BCL-2)、分裂蛋白1转导蛋白样增强子(transducer-like enhancer split 1,TLE1)几种标志物[26]。部分滑膜肉瘤病例的免疫组化结果示,VIM、EMA、H3K27Me3、神经细胞黏附分子(CD56)、整合酶相互作用分子1(integrase interactor 1,INI1)阳性,SMA、CD34、血小板内皮细胞黏附因子(CD31)阴性[13-14,22,27],亦有助于诊断。本例患者的免疫组化结果与既往文献相符,综合病理学及免疫组化结果,诊断为滑膜肉瘤。
滑膜肉瘤的遗传学特征是染色体t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2)易位,导致位于18q11.2的SS18(SYT)基因和位于Xp11.2上的高度同源基因SSX(亚型SSX1SSX2SSX4)融合[22]。有研究报道,SS18-SSX可在超过95%的滑膜肉瘤中检测到,大约2/3的病例存在SS18-SSX1基因融合,1/3存在SS18-SSX2基因融合[16]。在行基因检测的肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者中,均检测到融合基因SS18-SSXSS18(SYT)基因分离。
由于发生在肝脏的滑膜肉瘤罕见,目前尚无标准的治疗方案或指南。对于影像学检查病变局限且未发生转移者,建议行根治性切除术,多数报道认同术后辅助化疗,阿霉素联合异环磷酰胺是一线化疗方案[5-15]。对于无法切除或已发生转移者,参考其他部位的晚期滑膜肉瘤治疗方案进行放化疗[28]。肝脏滑膜肉瘤患者的预后差,可有早期复发或转移,常见的转移部位为肝和肺。目前尚无长期生存(5年及以上)的报道。在行手术切除并术后化疗的5例患者中,仅1例获得1年以上无瘤生存[12]。本例患者就诊时已发生肺转移,未能行后续治疗。
目前,针对肿瘤特异性抗原进行的免疫治疗试验在滑膜肉瘤中显示出较好的前景。纽约-食管鳞状细胞癌抗原(New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1,NY-ESO-1)是一种肿瘤睾丸抗原,在大多数滑膜肉瘤(76%)中表达。对此,有研究表明,采用T细胞受体基因转导的T细胞疗法,在转移性滑膜肉瘤患者中展现出显著的抗肿瘤效果[18,22]
综上所述,肝脏滑膜肉瘤是一种罕见的肝脏恶性肿瘤,临床征象及影像表现不具特异性,确诊依赖于病理,免疫组化及基因检测可辅助诊断。目前较为公认的治疗方案为肿瘤的早期切除,术后辅以化疗等综合治疗。本病预后不佳,随着对该肿瘤的深入研究,未来免疫治疗有望改善患者预后。
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2024年第49卷第2期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1978.2023.0410
  • 接收时间:2022-09-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-20
  • 录用日期:2023-02-13
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    河南大学第一附属医院放射科,河南开封 475000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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