Article(id=1199335101361385706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1940.2023.0316, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1663084800000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1665763200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-10-15, onlineDate=1763873370732, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1709049600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873370732, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873370732, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873370732, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199335100786766058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='2', pageStart='123', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873370596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874072387, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199338044361896535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199338044361896536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335100786766058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=131, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199335101592072428, articleId=1199335101361385706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Prognostic factor and its predictive value of patients with Wilson's disease-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the prognostic factor and its predictive value of patients with Wilson disease-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (WD-ACLF). Methods The clinical data of 70 patients diagnosed as WD-ACLF admitted to the Department of Encephalopathy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2022 were retrospectively collected. According to the 12-week prognosis, patients were divided into survival group (n=36) and death group (n=34). The data of the two groups were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis to screen the prognostic risk factors and evaluate their predictive value. The model coefficient is omnibus tested, and the model-fitting degree is evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. ROC curve was used to analyze the prognostic value for WD-ACLF between the new model and chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA) score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. Results A total of 70 WD-ACLF patients were enrolled in present study, including 36 cases in survival group [22 males and 14 females with median age of 30.0 (17.3, 40.0)] and 34 cases in death group [25 males and 9 females with median age of 34.0 (28.8, 41.0)]. Univariate analysis showed that the course of disease, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were shorter in survival group than that in death group, the white blood cells (WBC), international normalized ratio (INR), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre) and ceruloplasmin (CER) levels and the proportion of infection, ascites, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were lower in survival group than those in death group, however, the proportion of infection, ascites and upper digestive bleeding in the survival group were lower than those in the death group. Meanwhile, the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), Na+ and total cholesterol (TC) level in the survival group were higher than those in the death group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that disease course (OR=1.176, 95%CI 1.043-1.325), INR (OR=7.635, 95%CI 1.767-32.980), TBIL (OR=1.012, 95%CI 1.003-1.021), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (OR=11.654, 95%CI 1.029-131.980) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of WD-ACLF (P<0.05). Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, a joint model for predicting the prognosis of WD-ACLF was established. The AUC of the model for evaluating the prognosis of WD-ACLF was 0.941, which was greater than the CLIF-SOFA score (AUC=0.802), MELD score (AUC=0.897), and CTP score (AUC=0.722). Conclusions The course of disease, TBIL, INR, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding are risk factors that affect the prognosis of WD-ACLF. The prognosis model established based on this can more accurately predict the prognosis of WD-ACLF patients, and its predictive value is superior to CLIF-SOFA score, MELD score, and CTP score.

, correspAuthors=Wen-Ming Yang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨Wilson病(WD)相关慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者的预后影响因素及其预测价值。方法 收集2017年1月1日-2022年1月1日在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科住院的70例WD-ACLF患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据12周预后情况分为生存组(n=36)与死亡组(n=34)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析WD-ACLF患者预后的影响因素,建立预后模型,对模型整体系数进行综合检验,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型的拟合度。采用ROC曲线分析新建模型以及慢性肝衰竭-序贯器官衰竭评估(CLIF-SOFA)评分、终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、肝硬化分级(CTP)评分对WD-ACLF预后的预测价值。结果 共纳入70例WD-ACLF患者,生存组36例,男22例,女14例,中位年龄30.0(17.3,40.0)岁;死亡组34例,男25例,女9例,中位年龄34.0(28.8,41.0)岁。单因素分析结果显示,生存组病程、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)短于死亡组,白细胞计数(WBC)、国际化标准比值(INR)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cre)、铜蓝蛋白(CER)水平,以及感染、腹水和上消化道出血比例低于死亡组,红细胞计数(RBC)及血红蛋白(Hb)、Na+、总胆固醇(TC)水平高于死亡组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,病程(OR=1.176,95%CI 1.043~1.325)、INR(OR=7.635,95%CI 1.767~32.980)、TBIL(OR=1.012,95%CI 1.003~1.021)、上消化道出血(OR=11.654,95%CI 1.029~131.980)是影响WD-ACLF预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据logistic回归分析结果建立WD-ACLF预后联合模型,该模型评估WD-ACLF预后的AUC为0.941,大于CLIF-SOFA评分(AUC=0.802)、MELD评分(AUC=0.897)、CTP评分(AUC=0.722)。结论 病程、INR、TBIL、上消化道出血是影响WD-ACLF预后的危险因素,据此建立的预后模型能更为准确地预测WD-ACLF患者的预后,其预测价值优于CLIF-SOFA评分、MELD评分和CTP评分。

, correspAuthors=杨文明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨文明,E-mail:
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唐露露,博士研究生,主治医师,从事中医药防治肝豆状核变性等方面的研究

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唐露露,博士研究生,主治医师,从事中医药防治肝豆状核变性等方面的研究

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唐露露,博士研究生,主治医师,从事中医药防治肝豆状核变性等方面的研究

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乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者预后影响因素Logistic回归分析[J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2017, 23(5): 653-656., articleTitle=乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者预后影响因素Logistic回归分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199364101194477799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335101361385706, awardId=81973825, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973825), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199364101261586666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335101361385706, awardId=81973825, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81973825), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199364101345472748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335101361385706, awardId=2208085MH270, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085MH270), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199364101420970219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335101361385706, 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WD-ACLF. Wilson病相关慢加急性肝衰竭;CLIF-SOFA. 慢性肝衰竭-序贯器官衰竭评估;MELD. 终末期肝病模型;CTP. 肝硬化分级

, figureFileSmall=v39g6FfiZtwNrs1Ol3S6zw==, figureFileBig=p6aRKKngcDE/lee8Jp6JmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199364099533533398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335101361385706, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of the baseline data between two groups of WD-ACLF patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 生存组(n=36) 死亡组(n=34) Z/χ2/t P
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)] 30.0(17.3, 40.0) 34.0(28.8, 41.0) -1.776 0.076
男/女(例) 22/14 25/9 1.222 0.269
病程[年, M(Q1, Q3)] 9.00(2.00, 19.75) 16.00(13.25, 20.50) -2.433 0.015
WBC[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 5.47(3.41, 12.53) 13.18(10.11, 17.69) -3.643 <0.001
RBC(×1012/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 3.37±0.67 2.66±0.67 4.413 <0.001
PLT[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 91.50(48.50, 142.25) 127.00(49.75, 180.50) -0.975 0.329
Hb(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 102.81±24.17 87.62±21.14 2.792 0.007
PT[s, M(Q1, Q3)] 16.85(14.43, 22.10) 27.40(24.08, 33.98) -5.406 <0.001
APTT[s, M(Q1, Q3)] 41.60(35.28, 51.30) 63.85(55.95, 84.55) -5.147 <0.001
INR[M(Q1, Q3)] 1.53(1.32, 2.01) 2.44(2.20, 2.98) -5.347 <0.001
ALT[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 37.00(21.75, 57.25) 49.00(25.75, 81.25) -1.757 0.079
AST[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 54.50(37.00, 90.25) 99.00(59.75, 139.75) -2.809 0.005
Alb[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 26.00(21.63, 28.60) 24.90(19.80, 29.43) -0.035 0.972
TBIL[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 42.70(24.69, 91.14) 175.59(71.25, 396.45) -4.830 <0.001
BUN[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 4.40(3.36, 6.31) 8.81(3.89, 14.95) -3.149 0.002
Cre[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 59.40(47.15, 73.05) 66.15(55.18, 135.13) -2.168 0.030
Na+(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 138.74±3.49 134.49±5.78 3.701 0.001
K+[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 3.65(3.27, 3.98) 3.82(3.40, 4.11) -1.610 0.107
TC[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 2.91(2.15, 4.14) 1.77(1.12, 2.49) -3.514 <0.001
TG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 0.60(0.49, 0.94) 0.53(0.40, 1.07) -0.641 0.522
血氨[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 59.95(34.50, 101.88) 62.65(28.10, 95.43) -0.100 0.920
24h尿铜[μg, M(Q1, Q3)] 1178.25(832.99, 1561.41) 1777.31(880.00, 2290.57) -1.316 0.188
CER[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 0.07(0.05, 0.10) 0.09(0.07, 0.11) -2.061 0.039
感染[例(%)] 16(44.44) 31(91.2) 17.309 <0.001
腹水[例(%)] 19(52.78) 28(82.35) 6.933 0.008
上消化道出血[例(%)] 3(8.33) 12(35.29) 7.549 0.006
肝性脑病[例(%)] 16(44.44) 17(50.00) 0.011 0.917
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两组WD-ACLF患者基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 生存组(n=36) 死亡组(n=34) Z/χ2/t P
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)] 30.0(17.3, 40.0) 34.0(28.8, 41.0) -1.776 0.076
男/女(例) 22/14 25/9 1.222 0.269
病程[年, M(Q1, Q3)] 9.00(2.00, 19.75) 16.00(13.25, 20.50) -2.433 0.015
WBC[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 5.47(3.41, 12.53) 13.18(10.11, 17.69) -3.643 <0.001
RBC(×1012/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 3.37±0.67 2.66±0.67 4.413 <0.001
PLT[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 91.50(48.50, 142.25) 127.00(49.75, 180.50) -0.975 0.329
Hb(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 102.81±24.17 87.62±21.14 2.792 0.007
PT[s, M(Q1, Q3)] 16.85(14.43, 22.10) 27.40(24.08, 33.98) -5.406 <0.001
APTT[s, M(Q1, Q3)] 41.60(35.28, 51.30) 63.85(55.95, 84.55) -5.147 <0.001
INR[M(Q1, Q3)] 1.53(1.32, 2.01) 2.44(2.20, 2.98) -5.347 <0.001
ALT[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 37.00(21.75, 57.25) 49.00(25.75, 81.25) -1.757 0.079
AST[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 54.50(37.00, 90.25) 99.00(59.75, 139.75) -2.809 0.005
Alb[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 26.00(21.63, 28.60) 24.90(19.80, 29.43) -0.035 0.972
TBIL[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 42.70(24.69, 91.14) 175.59(71.25, 396.45) -4.830 <0.001
BUN[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 4.40(3.36, 6.31) 8.81(3.89, 14.95) -3.149 0.002
Cre[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 59.40(47.15, 73.05) 66.15(55.18, 135.13) -2.168 0.030
Na+(mmol/L, $\bar{x}±s$) 138.74±3.49 134.49±5.78 3.701 0.001
K+[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 3.65(3.27, 3.98) 3.82(3.40, 4.11) -1.610 0.107
TC[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 2.91(2.15, 4.14) 1.77(1.12, 2.49) -3.514 <0.001
TG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 0.60(0.49, 0.94) 0.53(0.40, 1.07) -0.641 0.522
血氨[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 59.95(34.50, 101.88) 62.65(28.10, 95.43) -0.100 0.920
24h尿铜[μg, M(Q1, Q3)] 1178.25(832.99, 1561.41) 1777.31(880.00, 2290.57) -1.316 0.188
CER[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)] 0.07(0.05, 0.10) 0.09(0.07, 0.11) -2.061 0.039
感染[例(%)] 16(44.44) 31(91.2) 17.309 <0.001
腹水[例(%)] 19(52.78) 28(82.35) 6.933 0.008
上消化道出血[例(%)] 3(8.33) 12(35.29) 7.549 0.006
肝性脑病[例(%)] 16(44.44) 17(50.00) 0.011 0.917
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Multivariate logistic regression analysis prognostic factors of WD-ACLF patients

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变量 β SE χ2 OR 95%CI P
病程 0.162 0.061 7.018 1.176 1.043~1.325 0.008
INR 2.033 0.747 7.413 7.635 1.767~32.980 0.006
TBIL 0.012 0.004 6.699 1.012 1.003~1.021 0.010
上消化道出血 2.456 1.238 3.933 11.654 1.029~131.980 0.047
常数 -8.324 2.053 16.439 <0.001 - <0.001
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WD-ACLF患者预后影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

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变量 β SE χ2 OR 95%CI P
病程 0.162 0.061 7.018 1.176 1.043~1.325 0.008
INR 2.033 0.747 7.413 7.635 1.767~32.980 0.006
TBIL 0.012 0.004 6.699 1.012 1.003~1.021 0.010
上消化道出血 2.456 1.238 3.933 11.654 1.029~131.980 0.047
常数 -8.324 2.053 16.439 <0.001 - <0.001
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Comparison of prognostic value of new model and other models for WD-ACLF

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指标 AUC 95%CI 最佳截断值 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 约登指数 P
WD-ACLF预后模型 0.941 0.858~0.983 0.308 94.1 88.9 0.830 <0.001
CLIF-SOFA评分 0.802 0.690~0.888 6 64.7 86.1 0.508 <0.001
MELD评分 0.897 0.802~0.957 16.12 85.3 83.3 0.686 <0.001
CTP评分 0.722 0.602~0.823 2 88.2 55.6 0.438 0.001
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新建模型与其他模型对WD-ACLF预后的预测价值比较

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指标 AUC 95%CI 最佳截断值 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 约登指数 P
WD-ACLF预后模型 0.941 0.858~0.983 0.308 94.1 88.9 0.830 <0.001
CLIF-SOFA评分 0.802 0.690~0.888 6 64.7 86.1 0.508 <0.001
MELD评分 0.897 0.802~0.957 16.12 85.3 83.3 0.686 <0.001
CTP评分 0.722 0.602~0.823 2 88.2 55.6 0.438 0.001
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Wilson病相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者预后影响因素及其预测价值
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唐露露 , 陈怀珍 , 张静 , 董婷 , 李俊 , 江海林 , 杨文明 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(2): 131-136
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(2): 131-136
Wilson病相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者预后影响因素及其预测价值
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唐露露, 陈怀珍, 张静, 董婷, 李俊, 江海林, 杨文明*
作者信息
  • 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科,安徽合肥 230031
  • 唐露露,博士研究生,主治医师,从事中医药防治肝豆状核变性等方面的研究

通讯作者:

杨文明,E-mail:
Prognostic factor and its predictive value of patients with Wilson's disease-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Lu-Lu Tang, Huai-Zhen Chen, Jing Zhang, Ting Dong, Jun Li, Hai-Lin Jiang, Wen-Ming Yang*
Affiliations
  • Department of Encephalopathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1940.2023.0316
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目的 探讨Wilson病(WD)相关慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者的预后影响因素及其预测价值。方法 收集2017年1月1日-2022年1月1日在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科住院的70例WD-ACLF患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据12周预后情况分为生存组(n=36)与死亡组(n=34)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析WD-ACLF患者预后的影响因素,建立预后模型,对模型整体系数进行综合检验,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型的拟合度。采用ROC曲线分析新建模型以及慢性肝衰竭-序贯器官衰竭评估(CLIF-SOFA)评分、终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、肝硬化分级(CTP)评分对WD-ACLF预后的预测价值。结果 共纳入70例WD-ACLF患者,生存组36例,男22例,女14例,中位年龄30.0(17.3,40.0)岁;死亡组34例,男25例,女9例,中位年龄34.0(28.8,41.0)岁。单因素分析结果显示,生存组病程、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)短于死亡组,白细胞计数(WBC)、国际化标准比值(INR)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cre)、铜蓝蛋白(CER)水平,以及感染、腹水和上消化道出血比例低于死亡组,红细胞计数(RBC)及血红蛋白(Hb)、Na+、总胆固醇(TC)水平高于死亡组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,病程(OR=1.176,95%CI 1.043~1.325)、INR(OR=7.635,95%CI 1.767~32.980)、TBIL(OR=1.012,95%CI 1.003~1.021)、上消化道出血(OR=11.654,95%CI 1.029~131.980)是影响WD-ACLF预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据logistic回归分析结果建立WD-ACLF预后联合模型,该模型评估WD-ACLF预后的AUC为0.941,大于CLIF-SOFA评分(AUC=0.802)、MELD评分(AUC=0.897)、CTP评分(AUC=0.722)。结论 病程、INR、TBIL、上消化道出血是影响WD-ACLF预后的危险因素,据此建立的预后模型能更为准确地预测WD-ACLF患者的预后,其预测价值优于CLIF-SOFA评分、MELD评分和CTP评分。

Wilson病  /  慢加急性肝衰竭  /  预后  /  肝衰竭-序贯器官衰竭评估  /  终末期肝病模型  /  肝硬化分级

Objective To explore the prognostic factor and its predictive value of patients with Wilson disease-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (WD-ACLF). Methods The clinical data of 70 patients diagnosed as WD-ACLF admitted to the Department of Encephalopathy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2022 were retrospectively collected. According to the 12-week prognosis, patients were divided into survival group (n=36) and death group (n=34). The data of the two groups were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis to screen the prognostic risk factors and evaluate their predictive value. The model coefficient is omnibus tested, and the model-fitting degree is evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. ROC curve was used to analyze the prognostic value for WD-ACLF between the new model and chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA) score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. Results A total of 70 WD-ACLF patients were enrolled in present study, including 36 cases in survival group [22 males and 14 females with median age of 30.0 (17.3, 40.0)] and 34 cases in death group [25 males and 9 females with median age of 34.0 (28.8, 41.0)]. Univariate analysis showed that the course of disease, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were shorter in survival group than that in death group, the white blood cells (WBC), international normalized ratio (INR), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre) and ceruloplasmin (CER) levels and the proportion of infection, ascites, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were lower in survival group than those in death group, however, the proportion of infection, ascites and upper digestive bleeding in the survival group were lower than those in the death group. Meanwhile, the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), Na+ and total cholesterol (TC) level in the survival group were higher than those in the death group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that disease course (OR=1.176, 95%CI 1.043-1.325), INR (OR=7.635, 95%CI 1.767-32.980), TBIL (OR=1.012, 95%CI 1.003-1.021), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (OR=11.654, 95%CI 1.029-131.980) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of WD-ACLF (P<0.05). Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, a joint model for predicting the prognosis of WD-ACLF was established. The AUC of the model for evaluating the prognosis of WD-ACLF was 0.941, which was greater than the CLIF-SOFA score (AUC=0.802), MELD score (AUC=0.897), and CTP score (AUC=0.722). Conclusions The course of disease, TBIL, INR, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding are risk factors that affect the prognosis of WD-ACLF. The prognosis model established based on this can more accurately predict the prognosis of WD-ACLF patients, and its predictive value is superior to CLIF-SOFA score, MELD score, and CTP score.

Wilson disease  /  acute-on-chronic liver failure  /  prognosis  /  chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment  /  model for end-stage liver disease  /  Child-Turcotte-Pugh
唐露露, 陈怀珍, 张静, 董婷, 李俊, 江海林, 杨文明. Wilson病相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者预后影响因素及其预测价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (2) : 131 -136 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1940.2023.0316
Lu-Lu Tang, Huai-Zhen Chen, Jing Zhang, Ting Dong, Jun Li, Hai-Lin Jiang, Wen-Ming Yang. Prognostic factor and its predictive value of patients with Wilson's disease-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (2) : 131 -136 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1940.2023.0316
肝豆状核变性(又称Wilson病;Wilson disease,WD)是因ATP7B基因突变导致铜离子代谢障碍,过量的铜在肝脏、基底节、角膜、肾脏等组织器官沉积[1],因患病个体的差异性、铜离子沉积的速度和器官受累的先后顺序不同,临床表现复杂多变[2-3]。WD的全球发病率为1/30 000,据流行病学调查显示,我国WD发病率明显高于其他国家或地区[4-5]。WD患者因ATP7B基因突变导致铜蓝蛋白合成障碍,铜离子无法通过胆道排出,在肝脏中过度沉积。WD患者早期肝脏病理改变为肝细胞脂肪浸润、肝单小叶纤维增生,可发生脂肪肝、肝纤维化、急慢性肝炎、无症状性肝硬化等。铜离子不断蓄积,在肝细胞胞质内大量向溶酶体转移,造成大量肝细胞坏死或纤维组织进一步增生,可表现为急慢性肝衰竭[6]。不同时期的WD患者肝脏病理改变各不相同,慢加急性肝衰竭(acute-on-chronic liver failure,ACLF)是指在慢性肝病基础上,短期内发生的急性或亚急性肝功能失代偿,以黄疸、凝血功能障碍、肝性脑病、腹水为主要表现的临床症候群。ACLF起病急骤,病情进展迅速,可在短时间内引起多器官衰竭,预后较差,是导致WD患者死亡的主要原因之一。因此早期准确评估ACLF患者病情,优化治疗方案,可最大限度地降低病死率。目前尚缺乏针对WD相关ACLF(WD-ACLF)的预后分析。为此,本研究分析WD-ACLF预后相关因素及其预测价值,以期为临床诊治策略提供依据。
收集2017年1月-2022年1月于安徽中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科住院的70例WD-ACLF患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。纳入标准:(1)符合《中国肝豆状核变性诊治指南2021》[7]中WD诊断标准;(2)符合《肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)》[8]中ACLF诊断标准。排除标准:(1)合并自身免疫性、药物性、酒精性、中毒性肝病等;(2)合并病毒性肝炎、HIV感染等;(3)急性肝衰竭、亚急性肝衰竭、慢性肝衰竭。本研究获安徽中医药大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会审批(2021AH-66)。
所有患者均接受中西医结合治疗,包括驱铜、保肝、退黄、促肝细胞生长、中药汤剂等,间断给予白蛋白或血浆等支持治疗。
通过医院管理信息系统(HIS系统)收集WD-ACLF患者人口学特征和病史资料,并发症发生情况,以及入院时白细胞计数(white blood cells,WBC)、红细胞计数(red blood cells,RBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板计数(platelet,PLT)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、肌酐(creatinine,Cre)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、国际化标准比值(international normalized ratio,INR)、24 h尿铜、铜蓝蛋白(ceruloplasmin,CER)、感染情况、腹水情况、上消化道出血情况、肝性脑病、慢性肝衰竭-序贯器官衰竭评估(chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment,CLIF-SOFA)评分、终末期肝病模型(model for end-stage liver disease,MELD)评分及肝硬化分级(Child-Turcotte-Pugh,CTP)评分等资料。以患者入院当天为观察起点,通过电话或就诊记录随访至入院后12周,将病情好转出院或稳定者纳入生存组(n=36),死亡者纳入死亡组(n=34)。
采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析WD-ACLF患者预后的影响因素,计算βOR值,建立预后模型,对模型整体系数进行综合检验,并采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型的拟合度。
采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线评估新构建的联合模型与CLIF-SOFA评分、MELD评分、CTP评分对WD-ACLF预后的预测价值。
采用SPSS 19.0和Medcalc软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whithey U检验。计数资料以率(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
70例WD-ACLF患者中生存组36例,男22例、女14例,年龄12~66岁,中位年龄30.0(17.3,40.0)岁。死亡组34例,男25例、女9例,年龄16~59岁,中位年龄34.0(28.8,41.0)岁。生存组WD-ACLF患者病程、PT、APTT短于死亡组,WBC、INR、AST、TBIL、BUN、Cre、CER水平,以及感染、腹水和上消化道出血比例低于死亡组(P<0.05或P<0.01),RBC、Hb、Na+、TC水平高于死亡组(P<0.05或P<0.01,表1)。
表1P<0.05的指标(病程、WBC、RBC、PT、APTT、INR、AST、TBIL、BUN、Cre、CER、RBC、Hb、Na+、TC、感染、腹水、上消化道出血)纳入多因素logistic回归分析,采用BOX-Tidwell检验显示所有连续自变量与因变量的logit转换值间存在线性关系。运用容忍度、方差膨胀因子检验显示上述影响因素之间无多重共线性。感染、腹水、上消化道出血变量赋值为:1=有,2=无,其余变量以实测值赋值。结果显示,病程(OR=1.176,95%CI 1.043~1.325)、INR(OR=7.635,95%CI 1.767~32.980)、TBIL(OR=1.012,95%CI 1.003~1.021)、上消化道出血(OR=11.654,95%CI 1.029~131.980)是影响WD-ACLF预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)(表2)。
根据多因素logistic回归结果,将β值作为危险因素的权重,建立病程、INR、TBIL、上消化道出血联合的WD-ACLF预后模型,公式为logistic(WD-ACLF)=-8.324+0.162×病程+2.033×INR+0.012×TBIL+2.456×上消化道出血(有=1,无=2)。该模型整体系数的综合检验结果显示P<0.001,表示模型整体有意义。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示P=0.329,表明数据中的信息已经被充分提取,该模型拟合度较好。该联合模型预测生存者为33例,死亡者为29例,总正确率为88.6%。
ROC曲线分析结果显示,WD-ACLF预后模型(新建预后模型)、CLIF-SOFA评分、MELD评分、CTP评分预测WD-ACLF预后的AUC分别为0.941(95%CI 0.858~0.983)、0.802(95%CI 0.690~0.888)、0.897(95%CI 0.802~0.957)、0.722(95%CI 0.602~0.823),WD-ACLF预后模型的AUC大于MELD评分(P=0.0435)、CTP评分(P<0.001)和CLIF-SOFA评分(P=0.0007),表明新建模型在预测WD-ACLF患者预后方面优于其他模型(图1表3)。
WD是因ATP7B突变使铜蓝蛋白合成障碍及胆道排铜障碍引起的。铜离子在全身各脏器均有不同程度的沉积,而ATP7B主要分布在肝细胞中,故肝脏是WD最早、最主要的受累器官。WD-ACLF是在慢性肝病基础上,肝细胞大量坏死导致免疫细胞活化和细胞因子大量生成,从而引起全身炎症反应,出现急性肝功能恶化以及肝外器官衰竭,是WD患者常见的危重急症,也是导致患者死亡的首要原因[9]。WD-ACLF非手术治疗预后差,人工肝和肝移植可能是救治患者的主要方法,因此,早期对WD-ACLF患者的预后进行准确预测,有助于指导临床医师实施更准确的治疗策略。WD属于罕见病,因ATP7B基因突变的多样性,其临床表现复杂多变[10],目前尚缺乏针对WD-ACLF的预后因素分析,因此,分析WD-ACLF患者临床特征及预后情况,对于指导临床治疗具有重要意义。
本研究单因素分析结果显示,RBC、Hb、Na+、TC升高为WD-ACLF预后的保护因素;病程、WBC、PT、APTT、INR、AST、TBIL、BUN、Cre、CER升高,以及感染、腹水和上消化道出血均为WD-ACLF预后的危险因素,而性别、年龄对预后无明显影响。多因素logistic分析筛选出病程、TBIL、INR、上消化道出血4个变量,由这些变量拟合的回归模型预测准确率为88.6%。随着病程进展,铜离子在肝脏内蓄积程度逐渐加重,肝脏的代谢功能及机体免疫功能下降,易出现消化道出血、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征等各种并发症,因此病程越长,患者预后越差。
肝脏是合成多种凝血因子的重要器官,INR是评估凝血功能的重要指标,其升高提示肝细胞功能受损,使肝依赖性凝血因子合成减少,导致凝血功能障碍[11]。TBIL是反映肝脏代谢功能的指标[12],WD可引起胆汁排泄障碍,导致TBIL水平升高。INR和TBIL作为衡量肝损伤严重程度的指标,已被欧洲肝脏研究学会和亚太肝脏研究学会纳入ACLF的诊断标准[13],也被纳入诸多评分系统,如MELD、CLIF-SOFA评分[14-15]。本研究结果证实,INR和TBIL均为WD-ACLF患者预后的独立危险因素,INR及TBIL水平升高越明显,患者预后越差。
肝性脑病、腹水、感染、上消化道出血等是肝衰竭常见的并发症[16-18],本研究发现,与其他并发症相比,上消化道出血是影响WD-ACLF患者预后的独立危险因素,发生上消化道出血的WD患者死亡风险更高。肝硬化及门脉高压所致的食管下段和胃底静脉曲张破裂是WD患者发生上消化道出血的最主要原因[19]。我国以乙型肝炎(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关ACLF病例多见。ACLF患者短期病死率高已成为共识,所以应用评分系统对患者进行早期识别并治疗至关重要。目前常用的评分系统包括CTP评分、MELD评分及CLIF-SOFA评分等。CTP评分将患者分为A、B、C三级,是量化评估肝硬化患者肝脏储备功能的经典模型之一,但存在数据缺乏连贯性、个别指标主观性强、不利于区分病情严重程度等弊端。MELD评分可客观、有效地预测不同病因、不同严重程度肝病的短期生存率,较CTP评分更加准确,目前已成为肝移植器官分配的主要依据。CLIF-SOFA是首个专门用于评价ACLF预后的评分模型,也是目前诊断ACLF和评估严重程度使用最广泛的评分系统,包含肝功能、肾功能、神经系统、凝血系统、循环系统和呼吸系统等6个组成部分,可以很好地区分ACLF短期存活与死亡患者,预测价值优于CTP等其他评分[20]
肝性脑病、腹水、消化道出血、肝肾综合征等并发症是影响ACLF患者预后的重要因素,本研究发现,与其他并发症相比,上消化道出血对WD-ACLF患者的预后具有重要影响。该结果与HBV-ACLF预后有所不同,如孙梦滢等[21]发现,年龄和腹水是影响HBV-ACLF患者预后的危险因素;张冬青等[22]通过logistic回归分析发现,胆固醇、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、上消化道出血是影响HBV-ACLF患者预后的主要危险因素;姜春华等[23]发现,肝性脑病、MELD评分、年龄及凝血酶原活动度是影响HBV-ACLF患者预后的独立危险因素。因此,对于WD-ACLF患者,临床应及早采取措施,注重预防上消化道出血的发生,以改善患者的预后。
综上所述,病程、TBIL、INR、上消化道出血是影响WD-ACLF患者预后的危险因素。据此建立的预后模型在预测WD-ACLF患者预后方面优于CLIF-SOFA评分、MELD评分和CTP评分。WD-ACLF患者病情变化快,在临床中利用新构建的预后模型能早期、及时地对患者预后进行评估,该模型的敏感度及特异度均较高,有利于及早进行肝移植,挽救患者生命。同时也提示在WD治疗过程中应积极控制TBIL和INR,预防上消化道出血,以提高临床疗效。但本研究为回顾性研究,且WD为罕见病,样本量相对较少,研究结果仍需前瞻性大样本研究进一步验证。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81973825)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金(2208085MH270)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金(2108085QH366)
  • 安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2021A0547)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1940.2023.0316
  • 接收时间:2022-09-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-14
  • 录用日期:2022-10-15
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973825)
国家自然科学基金(81973825)
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085MH270)
安徽省自然科学基金(2208085MH270)
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2108085QH366)
安徽省自然科学基金(2108085QH366)
Key Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department(KJ2021A0547)
安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2021A0547)
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    安徽中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科,安徽合肥 230031

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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