Article(id=1199335053382746175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0929.2023.0907, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1688572800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1690819200000, acceptedDateStr=2023-08-01, onlineDate=1763873359293, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1711555200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873359293, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873359293, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873359293, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199335049175859209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873358291, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874044185, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337926086721596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337926086721597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=297, endPage=301, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199335053638598734, articleId=1199335053382746175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Analysis of risk factors for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 in Fuzhou city, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the risk factors for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 in Fuzhou city. Methods The data of 4081 confirmed cases with current address in Fuzhou was collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January 1 to June 30, 2023. The epidemiological data of those cases was investigated such as the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and past medical history, etc. The risk factors of severe cases were analyzed by using the logistic regression. Results 4081 confirmed cases had been reported including 671 severe cases and 3410 non-severe cases. The demographic characteristics of severe cases, such as the proportion of male, age and current address in community were higher than that of non-severe cases, vaccination rate was lower than non-severe cases (59.02% vs. 80.12%), the differences are statistically significant (P<0.001). The clinical manifestations such as interval time between onset and visit (P=0.001), fever (P=0.002), difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath (P=0.001) were the factors related to severe illness. The past medical histories such as history of chronic lung disease, history of heart cerebrovascular disease of severe cases, were higher than that of non-severe cases (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the male, the higher age, current address in community, no vaccination, the longer interval time between onset and visit, fever, difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath, the history of chronic lung disease, the history of heart cerebrovascular disease raised the risk of becoming severe cases. The healing time for severe cases was longer than that for non-severe cases (P<0.001). Conclusion Sex, age, current address, vaccination, interval time between onset and visit, fever, difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath, history of chronic lung disease, and history of heart cerebrovascular disease are the influencing factors for severe illness.

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目的 探讨福州市新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染致重症的危险因素,为新冠病毒感染重症的防控提供依据。方法 检索“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”,选取发病日期为2023年1月1日-6月30日,现住址为福州市的新冠病毒感染确诊患者4081例,调查并分析患者的人口学特征、临床表现、既往病史等资料,采用logistic回归分析重症患者的危险因素。结果 本组4081例新冠病毒感染确诊患者中,重症组671例,非重症组3410例。重症组的男性比例、年龄、现住址为社区的比例均高于非重症组,接种疫苗比例低于非重症组(59.02% vs. 80.12%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在发病与就诊间隔时间方面,重症组为(7.27±4.85) d,长于非重症组的(4.37±2.54) d,差异有统计学意义(t=3.707,P=0.001)。重症组首发症状为发热及呼吸困难/气促的比例高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症组的慢性肺部疾病史及心脑血管疾病史比例高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:男性、年龄大、现住址归属为社区、未接种疫苗、发病与就诊间隔时间长、首发症状为发热、呼吸困难/气促、慢性肺部疾病史、心脑血管疾病史是新冠病毒感染重症患者的危险因素。重症组的治愈时间长于非重症组(P<0.001)。结论 性别、年龄、现住址归属、接种疫苗、发病与就诊间隔时间、发热、呼吸困难/气促、慢性肺部疾病史、心脑血管疾病史是导致重症的危险因素。

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郑霄雁,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事新冠病毒感染、流感等传染性疾病的防控工作

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郑霄雁,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事新冠病毒感染、流感等传染性疾病的防控工作

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Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(13): 1199-1207., articleTitle=Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199335062220145093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Ren SY, Wang WB, Gao RD, journalName=World J Clin Cases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren SY, Wang WB, Gao RD, et al.Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2: mutation, infectivity, transmission, and vaccine resistance[J]. World J Clin Cases, 2022, 10(1): 1-11., articleTitle=Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2: mutation, infectivity, transmission, and vaccine resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199335062337585612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=660, pageEnd=664, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=张延炀, 李军, 杨凯朝, journalName=中华疾病控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张延炀, 李军, 杨凯朝, 等. 河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情传播动力学研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2020, 24(6): 660-664., articleTitle=河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情传播动力学研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199335062459220434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=560, pageEnd=562, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=董静肖, 孙玉鸣, 王雨, journalName=北京医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董静肖, 孙玉鸣, 王雨, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎防控措施对常见呼吸道感染的影响[J]. 北京医学, 2020, 42(6): 560-562., articleTitle=新型冠状病毒肺炎防控措施对常见呼吸道感染的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199335062585049559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=null, pageStart=102960, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Lu J, Peng JJ, Xiong QL, journalName=EBioMedicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu J, Peng JJ, Xiong QL, et al. Clinical, immunological and virological characterization of COVID-19 patients that test re-positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR[J]. EBioMedicine, 2020, 59: 102960., articleTitle=Clinical, immunological and virological characterization of COVID-19 patients that test re-positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199335062677324249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=33, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Qin J, You C, Lin QS, journalName=Sci Adv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin J, You C, Lin QS, et al. Estimation of incubation period distribution of COVID-19 using disease onset forward time: a novel cross-sectional and forward follow-up study[J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6(33): eabc1202., articleTitle=Estimation of incubation period distribution of COVID-19 using disease onset forward time: a novel cross-sectional and forward follow-up study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199335059015696728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, awardId=2021ZD0101, language=EN, fundingSource=Special Fund for Major Scientific Research on Health of Fujian(2021ZD0101), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199335059183468891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, awardId=2021ZD0101, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省卫生健康重大科研专项基金(2021ZD0101), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199335060353679715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, awardId=2020-Z-5, language=EN, fundingSource=Science Technology Major Projects of Fuzhou(2020-Z-5), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199335060441760105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, awardId=2020-Z-5, language=CN, fundingSource=福州市科技重大项目(2020-Z-5), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199335054250967154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199335054259355763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, companyId=1199335054250967154, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Prevention and Control of Communicable Disease, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199335054263550068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, companyId=1199335054250967154, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防控科,福建福州 350004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199335058004869405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of demographic characteristics of severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases in Fuzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

重症组
(n=671)

非重症组
(n=3410)

χ2/tP
性别[例(%)]44.035<0.001
468(69.7)1907(55.9)
203(30.3)1503(44.1)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)76.8±13.063.4±14.520.497<0.001
职业[例(%)]11.3640.078
工人158(23.9)862(25.3)
农民107(16.2)627(18.4)
家务及待业126(19.1)572(16.8)
离退人员198(30.0)901(26.4)
儿童或学生53(8.0)333(9.8)
医务人员4(0.6)51(1.5)
干部职员14(2.1)64(1.9)
现住址归属[例(%)]98.186<0.001
社区479(71.4)1723(50.5)
村居192(28.6)1687(49.5)
接种疫苗[例(%)]139.472<0.001
396(59.0)2732(80.1)
275(41.0)678(19.9)
是否境外输入[例(%)]0.1220.727
7(1.0)41(1.2)
664(99.0)3369(98.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058097144097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

福州市新冠病毒感染重症患者与非重症患者的人口学特征比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

重症组
(n=671)

非重症组
(n=3410)

χ2/tP
性别[例(%)]44.035<0.001
468(69.7)1907(55.9)
203(30.3)1503(44.1)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)76.8±13.063.4±14.520.497<0.001
职业[例(%)]11.3640.078
工人158(23.9)862(25.3)
农民107(16.2)627(18.4)
家务及待业126(19.1)572(16.8)
离退人员198(30.0)901(26.4)
儿童或学生53(8.0)333(9.8)
医务人员4(0.6)51(1.5)
干部职员14(2.1)64(1.9)
现住址归属[例(%)]98.186<0.001
社区479(71.4)1723(50.5)
村居192(28.6)1687(49.5)
接种疫苗[例(%)]139.472<0.001
396(59.0)2732(80.1)
275(41.0)678(19.9)
是否境外输入[例(%)]0.1220.727
7(1.0)41(1.2)
664(99.0)3369(98.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058214584616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of first symptoms of severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases in Fuzhou [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首发症状

重症组
(n=671)

非重症组
(n=3410)

χ2P
咽痛102(15.2)570(16.7)0.9350.334
咳嗽151(22.5)848(24.9)1.6950.193
发热465(69.3)2154(63.2)9.1710.002
头晕/头痛52(7.8)260(7.6)0.0120.911
鼻塞21(3.1)108(3.2)0.0030.960
流涕19(2.8)103(3.0)0.0690.793
肌肉酸痛78(11.6)417(12.2)0.1920.661
全身乏力103(15.4)463(13.6)1.4750.225
呼吸困难/气促43(6.4)123(3.6)11.2750.001
畏寒65(9.7)371(10.9)0.8360.361
腹泻16(2.4)76(2.2)0.0620.804
其他症状41(6.1)193(5.7)0.2100.646
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058378162482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

福州市新冠病毒感染重症组与非重症组的首发症状比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首发症状

重症组
(n=671)

非重症组
(n=3410)

χ2P
咽痛102(15.2)570(16.7)0.9350.334
咳嗽151(22.5)848(24.9)1.6950.193
发热465(69.3)2154(63.2)9.1710.002
头晕/头痛52(7.8)260(7.6)0.0120.911
鼻塞21(3.1)108(3.2)0.0030.960
流涕19(2.8)103(3.0)0.0690.793
肌肉酸痛78(11.6)417(12.2)0.1920.661
全身乏力103(15.4)463(13.6)1.4750.225
呼吸困难/气促43(6.4)123(3.6)11.2750.001
畏寒65(9.7)371(10.9)0.8360.361
腹泻16(2.4)76(2.2)0.0620.804
其他症状41(6.1)193(5.7)0.2100.646
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058474631480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of past medical history of severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases in Fuzhou [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

重症组
(n=671)

非重症组
(n=3410)

χ2P
慢性肺部疾病史73.830<0.001
76(11.3)121(3.6)
595(88.7)3289(96.4)
心脑血管疾病史243.691<0.001
266(39.6)482(14.1)
405(60.4)2928(85.9)
癌症/肿瘤史2.0060.157
33(4.9)128(3.8)
638(95.1)3282(96.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058604654911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

福州市新冠病毒感染重症患者与非重症患者的既往病史比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

重症组
(n=671)

非重症组
(n=3410)

χ2P
慢性肺部疾病史73.830<0.001
76(11.3)121(3.6)
595(88.7)3289(96.4)
心脑血管疾病史243.691<0.001
266(39.6)482(14.1)
405(60.4)2928(85.9)
癌症/肿瘤史2.0060.157
33(4.9)128(3.8)
638(95.1)3282(96.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058705318214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of severe cases of COVID-19 in Fuzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βSEWald χ2OR(95%CI)P
男性0.5410.0946.2011.718(1.429~2.065)0.011
年龄大0.0330.00333.1571.034(1.028~1.039)<0.001
现住址为社区0.7130.09525.6972.039(1.691~2.459)<0.001
未接种疫苗0.3740.11610.4591.454(1.159~1.824)<0.001
发病与就诊间隔时间长0.0150.0038.5681.015(1.008~1.021)0.002
呼吸困难/气促1.0050.3428.2532.732(1.398~5.338)0.003
发热0.4190.5694.5411.520(1.098~4.641)0.038
慢性肺部疾病史0.3530.1714.2551.423(1.018~1.990)0.039
心脑血管疾病史1.0820.11922.4582.952(2.337~3.729)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199335058868896076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335053382746175, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

多因素logistic回归分析福州市新冠病毒感染重症患者的影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βSEWald χ2OR(95%CI)P
男性0.5410.0946.2011.718(1.429~2.065)0.011
年龄大0.0330.00333.1571.034(1.028~1.039)<0.001
现住址为社区0.7130.09525.6972.039(1.691~2.459)<0.001
未接种疫苗0.3740.11610.4591.454(1.159~1.824)<0.001
发病与就诊间隔时间长0.0150.0038.5681.015(1.008~1.021)0.002
呼吸困难/气促1.0050.3428.2532.732(1.398~5.338)0.003
发热0.4190.5694.5411.520(1.098~4.641)0.038
慢性肺部疾病史0.3530.1714.2551.423(1.018~1.990)0.039
心脑血管疾病史1.0820.11922.4582.952(2.337~3.729)<0.001
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福州市新型冠状病毒感染致重症的危险因素分析
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郑霄雁 , 王依妹 , 官陈平 , 蒋莹 , 张晓阳
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(3): 297-301
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(3): 297-301
福州市新型冠状病毒感染致重症的危险因素分析
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郑霄雁, 王依妹, 官陈平, 蒋莹, 张晓阳
作者信息
  • 福州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防控科,福建福州 350004
  • 郑霄雁,医学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事新冠病毒感染、流感等传染性疾病的防控工作

Analysis of risk factors for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 in Fuzhou city
Xiao-Yan Zheng, Yi-Mei Wang, Chen-Ping Guan, Ying Jiang, Xiao-Yang Zhang
Affiliations
  • Department of Prevention and Control of Communicable Disease, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
出版时间: 2024-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0929.2023.0907
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目的 探讨福州市新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染致重症的危险因素,为新冠病毒感染重症的防控提供依据。方法 检索“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”,选取发病日期为2023年1月1日-6月30日,现住址为福州市的新冠病毒感染确诊患者4081例,调查并分析患者的人口学特征、临床表现、既往病史等资料,采用logistic回归分析重症患者的危险因素。结果 本组4081例新冠病毒感染确诊患者中,重症组671例,非重症组3410例。重症组的男性比例、年龄、现住址为社区的比例均高于非重症组,接种疫苗比例低于非重症组(59.02% vs. 80.12%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在发病与就诊间隔时间方面,重症组为(7.27±4.85) d,长于非重症组的(4.37±2.54) d,差异有统计学意义(t=3.707,P=0.001)。重症组首发症状为发热及呼吸困难/气促的比例高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症组的慢性肺部疾病史及心脑血管疾病史比例高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:男性、年龄大、现住址归属为社区、未接种疫苗、发病与就诊间隔时间长、首发症状为发热、呼吸困难/气促、慢性肺部疾病史、心脑血管疾病史是新冠病毒感染重症患者的危险因素。重症组的治愈时间长于非重症组(P<0.001)。结论 性别、年龄、现住址归属、接种疫苗、发病与就诊间隔时间、发热、呼吸困难/气促、慢性肺部疾病史、心脑血管疾病史是导致重症的危险因素。

新型冠状病毒感染  /  重症  /  危险因素

Objective To analyze the risk factors for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 in Fuzhou city. Methods The data of 4081 confirmed cases with current address in Fuzhou was collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January 1 to June 30, 2023. The epidemiological data of those cases was investigated such as the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and past medical history, etc. The risk factors of severe cases were analyzed by using the logistic regression. Results 4081 confirmed cases had been reported including 671 severe cases and 3410 non-severe cases. The demographic characteristics of severe cases, such as the proportion of male, age and current address in community were higher than that of non-severe cases, vaccination rate was lower than non-severe cases (59.02% vs. 80.12%), the differences are statistically significant (P<0.001). The clinical manifestations such as interval time between onset and visit (P=0.001), fever (P=0.002), difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath (P=0.001) were the factors related to severe illness. The past medical histories such as history of chronic lung disease, history of heart cerebrovascular disease of severe cases, were higher than that of non-severe cases (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the male, the higher age, current address in community, no vaccination, the longer interval time between onset and visit, fever, difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath, the history of chronic lung disease, the history of heart cerebrovascular disease raised the risk of becoming severe cases. The healing time for severe cases was longer than that for non-severe cases (P<0.001). Conclusion Sex, age, current address, vaccination, interval time between onset and visit, fever, difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath, history of chronic lung disease, and history of heart cerebrovascular disease are the influencing factors for severe illness.

coronavirus disease 2019  /  severe case  /  risk factor
郑霄雁, 王依妹, 官陈平, 蒋莹, 张晓阳. 福州市新型冠状病毒感染致重症的危险因素分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (3) : 297 -301 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0929.2023.0907
Xiao-Yan Zheng, Yi-Mei Wang, Chen-Ping Guan, Ying Jiang, Xiao-Yang Zhang. Analysis of risk factors for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 in Fuzhou city[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (3) : 297 -301 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0929.2023.0907
自2023年1月8日对新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染实施乙类乙管以来,国内新冠病毒感染率明显增高,尽早识别重症患者的危险因素并及时施加干预,可有效降低其转变为重症的风险。目前关于新冠病毒感染乙类乙管后重症影响因素的研究尚少,本研究通过收集2023年1月1日-6月30日福州市新冠病毒感染重症患者及非重症患者的临床资料,分析重症发生的危险因素,为新冠病毒感染重症的防控提供依据。
患者信息来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”,发病日期为2023年1月1日-6月30日,现住址为福州市的新冠病毒感染确诊患者4081例。
参照《新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)》[1]。确诊患者为具有新冠病毒感染的相关临床表现,且具备病原学或血清学证据,可分为以下4种类型。(1)轻型:以咽痛、咳嗽、发热等上呼吸道感染为主要表现。(2)中型:持续高热>3 d或(和)气促、咳嗽等;影像学可见特征性新冠病毒感染肺炎表现。(3)重型:符合以下任一表现者:①气促,呼吸频率>30次/min;②手指氧饱和度≤93%;③肺部病灶短期进展>50%。(4)危重型:符合以下任一表现者:①出现呼吸衰竭;②出现休克;③合并其他器官衰竭。本研究将重型及危重型合并为重症组,将轻型及中型合并为非重症组。
由各县(市)区疾病预防控制中心对辖区内的确诊患者开展流行病学调查,内容包括如下3个方面:(1)人口学特征,包括年龄、职业、疫苗接种、境外输入情况等;(2)临床表现,包括发病时间、就诊时间、首发症状等;(3)既往病史,包括慢性肺部疾病史、心脑血管疾病史、癌症/肿瘤史等。
调查数据采用Excel 2021软件录入,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料符合正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布者以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用秩和检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析重症患者的危险因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本组4081例患者中,重症组671例,非重症组3410例。重症组的男性比例、年龄、现住址为社区的比例均高于非重症组,接种疫苗比例低于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组职业分布及境外输入比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
在发病与就诊间隔时间方面,重症组平均(7.27±4.85) d,长于非重症组的(4.37±2.54) d,差异有统计学意义(t=3.707,P=0.001)。重症组首发症状为发热及呼吸困难/气促的比例高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。
重症组的慢性肺部疾病史及心脑血管疾病史比例高于非重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组癌症/肿瘤史差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。
以是否重症为因变量(是=1,否=0),以性别(女=0,男=1)、现住址归属(村居=0,社区=1)、接种疫苗(是=0,否=1)、呼吸困难/气促(无=0,有=1)、发热(无=0,有=1)、慢性肺部疾病史(无=0,有=1)、心脑血管疾病史(无=0,有=1)、年龄、发病与就诊间隔时间为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,男性、年龄大、现住址归属地为社区、未接种疫苗、发病与就诊间隔时间长、首发症状有呼吸困难/气促、发热、有慢性肺部疾病史、有心脑血管疾病史是新冠病毒感染重症患者的危险因素(表4)。
重症组的治愈时间为21(14,31) d,长于非重症组的14(6,27) d,差异有统计学意义(Z=5.468,P<0.001)。
本研究发现,新冠病毒感染重症及非重症患者均以男性为主,但重症患者的男性比例高于非重症患者,可能与男性社交较频繁有关。也有研究显示,相较于女性,男性缺少X染色体及雌激素的保护,故感染新冠病毒后更易发生重症[2]。重症患者的平均年龄大于非重症患者,与潘静静等[3]的研究结果一致,可能是由于年龄较大患者的免疫力较低,且多患有基础性疾病,发生重症的风险较高。在现住址归属地方面,社区发生重症患者的风险高于村居,原因可能是社区人群居住更密集,且社区内学校生源更集中,容易发生社区人群或校园学生的聚集性疫情,感染机会的增加致使发生重症的风险加大[4]。在疫苗接种方面,重症患者的疫苗接种率低于非重症患者,与魏倩楠等[5]的研究结果一致,提示未接种疫苗是重要的危险因素,且未接种疫苗者在感染新冠病毒后往往出现较典型的临床症状及肺部炎性病变,更易发生重症。
本研究发现,发病与就诊间隔时间也是导致新冠病毒感染患者发生重症的危险因素,原因是早期就诊并及时进行抗病毒治疗能有效地遏制新冠病毒的复制[6],进而避免发展成重症患者。而当疾病延误至后期再就诊时,往往症状已较严重,易发生重症[7]。有研究显示,临床症状较重的患者入院后均会出现发热症状,危重症患者入院后出现发热的比例为100%[8],这与本研究得出的发热为重症患者危险因素的结论相吻合,分析原因可能是首发症状就出现发热,随着病程发展,发热往往会持续性加重,导致机体内平衡紊乱,最终发展为重症[7]。本研究还发现,呼吸困难或气促也是新冠病毒感染患者发生重症的危险因素,可能原因为首发症状就出现呼吸困难或气促,说明已经造成肺部损伤[8],随着肺部损伤加重,气促发展至呼吸频率>30次/min或出现呼吸衰竭,已符合重型及危重型的诊断标准,故应专注首发症状就出现呼吸困难或气促的患者[8]
本研究发现,重症患者中有慢性肺部疾病史的比例高于非重症患者,可能是因为有慢性肺部疾病史者感染新冠病毒后,易发生双肺多发性小叶及节段性实变,进一步加重肺部损伤,导致指氧饱和度降低,进而发展成为重症患者[9]。在心脑血管疾病史方面,曾旻敏等[10]对荆州市的新冠病毒感染重症患者研究发现,重症患者中有心脑血管疾病史的患者占比最高,与本研究结果类似,可能是因为新冠病毒性肺炎可直接感染心肌细胞,造成心肌损伤,进而对身体造成严重损害[11]。本研究还发现,重症患者的治愈时间长于非重症患者,因此各级医疗机构要做好患者的救治及转诊工作[12],防止病情恶化导致重症或死亡[13]
为做好重症患者的防控和救治工作,应做好以下几点:一是持续开展重型/危重型患者的新冠病毒株全基因组测序工作,动态掌握病毒株变异情况[14]。二是做好老年人群新冠病毒感染防护工作。老年人群是感染后易出现高危的重点人群,要做好养老机构内的疫情防控,保障老年人等脆弱群体的健康[15]。三是持续推进人群疫苗接种。加强新冠病毒疫苗接种的宣传引导,提升人群接种率,以夯实免疫屏障[16]。四是提升重症/危重症患者救治能力,组建重症救治专家组,做好重症患者的救治工作[17]
综上所述,男性、年龄大、现住址归属地为社区、未接种疫苗、发病与就诊间隔时间长、首发症状为呼吸困难/气促、发热、有慢性肺部疾病史、有心脑血管疾病史均可使新冠病毒感染患者发生重症的风险增高。对于高风险感染者,应针对性采取措施,同时,基层医疗卫生机构要及时将有重症风险的感染者转诊到上级医院[18],确保早发现、早干预、早转诊、早治疗[19],降低重症患者的发生风险。
  • 福建省卫生健康重大科研专项基金(2021ZD0101)
  • 福州市科技重大项目(2020-Z-5)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0929.2023.0907
  • 接收时间:2023-07-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-06
  • 录用日期:2023-08-01
基金
Special Fund for Major Scientific Research on Health of Fujian(2021ZD0101)
福建省卫生健康重大科研专项基金(2021ZD0101)
Science Technology Major Projects of Fuzhou(2020-Z-5)
福州市科技重大项目(2020-Z-5)
作者信息
    福州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防控科,福建福州 350004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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