Article(id=1199335052246086319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0707.2023.1011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1684425600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1690819200000, acceptedDateStr=2023-08-01, onlineDate=1763873359023, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1711555200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873359023, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873359023, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873359023, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199335049175859209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873358291, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874044185, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337926086721596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337926086721597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=308, endPage=315, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199335054200632074, articleId=1199335052246086319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Differential diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease with other fever of unknown origin causes, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic indicators of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) from other fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods The clinical data and laboratory indicators of 177 AOSD patients and 163 FUO patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2010 to May 2021 were collected, and the patients were randomly divided into training group and verification group. Statistically significant variables were extracted from univariate analysis for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the best cut-off value of the variables was obtained. The differential diagnostic indicators were extracted by multivariate logistic regression analysis and nomogram model was constructed. ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy and stability of nomogram. Results Univariate analysis revealed that there were significant differences in 4 clinical features (arthralgia, rash, pharyngeal pain, myalgia) and 14 laboratory parameters [white blood cell count (WBC), monocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, globulin, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), creatine kinase, creatinine and complement C3]. Multivariate analysis suggested that arthralgia, WBC ≥9.995×109/L, IL-6 ≥98.13 ng/L, ferritin ≥507.37 ng/ml, globulin ≤36.58g/L, IgG ≤13.59g/L, complement C3 ≥1.27 g/L were related with AOSD. The area under curve (AUC) values of training group and verification group were 0.917 (95%CI 0.883-0.951) and 0.869 (95%CI 0.802-0.936), respectively. The calibration curves showed good consistency. The decision curve analysis showed that training group and verification group had a large positive rate of return in the wide risk range of 5%-85% and 10%-85%, respectively. Conclusions This study has established a relatively accurate AOSD differential diagnosis model. The combination of arthralgia, WBC, IL-6, ferritin, globulin, IgG and complement C3 may help to distinguish AOSD from other causes of FUO.

, correspAuthors=Jie Xia, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨成人斯蒂尔病(AOSD)与其他不明原因发热(FUO)疾病的鉴别诊断指标。方法 收集2010年1月-2021年5月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院住院的177例AOSD患者及163例待鉴别FUO患者的临床资料及实验室指标,随机分为训练组及验证组。通过单因素分析提取有统计学意义的变量进行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析并获取变量的最佳截断值,进一步通过多因素logistic回归分析筛选出具有鉴别诊断意义的指标,并构建列线图模型;采用ROC曲线、校准曲线及决策曲线分析列线图的准确性及稳定性。结果 单因素分析结果显示,4项临床特征(关节痛、皮疹、咽痛、肌痛)及14项实验室参数[白细胞计数(WBC)、单核细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、血小板计数、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、铁蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、肌酸激酶、肌酐、补体C3]差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,关节痛、WBC≥9.995×109/L、IL-6≥98.13 ng/L、铁蛋白≥507.37 ng/ml、球蛋白≤36.58 g/L、IgG≤13.59 g/L、补体C3≥1.27g/L均与AOSD相关(P<0.05)。训练组及验证组的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.917[95%可信区间(95%CI) 0.883~0.951]、0.869(95%CI 0.802~0.936);校准曲线表现出良好的一致性;决策曲线分析表明,训练组及验证组分别在5%~85%、10%~85%广大风险范围内显示出较大的正向收益率。结论 该研究建立起一个相对准确的AOSD鉴别诊断模型,关节痛、WBC、IL-6、铁蛋白、球蛋白、IgG及补体C3多指标联合应用有助于鉴别AOSD与其他FUO病因。

, correspAuthors=夏杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
夏杰,E-mail:
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汤影子,博士研究生,主治医师,主要从事感染性疾病方面的临床研究

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Medicine, 2005, 84(6): 331-337., articleTitle=Adult-onset Still disease as the cause of fever of unknown origin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199352817153573409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=1699, pageEnd=1706, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Bilgin E, Hayran M, Erden A, journalName=Clin Rheumatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bilgin E, Hayran M, Erden A, et al. Proposal for a simple algorithm to differentiate adult-onset Still's disease with other fever of unknown origin causes: a longitudinal prospective study[J]. 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Rheumatology, 2022, 62(1): 321-329., articleTitle=Cytokine profile, ferritin and multi-visceral involvement characterize macrophage activation syndrome during adult-onset Still's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199352817304568359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=李洁, 周军, 王雅曼, journalName=南京医科大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李洁, 周军, 王雅曼, 等. 补体C3在成人Still病和脓毒症中的鉴别诊断价值[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 42(1): 41-46., articleTitle=补体C3在成人Still病和脓毒症中的鉴别诊断价值, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199352817401037354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=661, pageEnd=668, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Kim JW, Jung JY, Suh CH, journalName=Clin Rheumatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim JW, Jung JY, Suh CH, et al. 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Joint Bone Spine, 2018, 85(3): 285-293., articleTitle=New markers for adult-onset Still's disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199352811247993195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199352811256381804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, companyId=1199352811247993195, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199352811264770413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, companyId=1199352811247993195, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=陆军军医大学第一附属医院感染科,重庆 400038)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199352814456635850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Nomogram of AOSD prediction model, figureFileSmall=wvYUsQA/PdSGkbQWNsBmRw==, figureFileBig=d2M6X2gkE107gWqjCaAVyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199352814544716239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=CN, label=图1, caption=AOSD预测模型列线图

AOSD. 成人斯蒂尔病;WBC. 白细胞计数;IL-6. 白细胞介素-6;IgG. 免疫球蛋白G

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AOSD. 成人斯蒂尔病;ROC. 受试者工作特征曲线;AUC. 曲线下面积;A.训练组;B.验证组

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AOSD. 成人斯蒂尔病;A.训练组;B. 验证组

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AOSD. 成人斯蒂尔病;A.训练组;B. 验证组

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Comparison on the clinical and imageological characteristics of patients between the two groups [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数

AOSD组
(n=177)

待鉴别FUO组
(n=163)

χP
临床特征
咽痛107(60.5)56(34.4)23.154<0.001
肌痛95(53.7)53(32.5)15.452<0.001
关节痛111(62.7)73(44.8)10.9820.001
皮疹109(61.6)74(45.4)8.9420.003
浅表淋巴结肿大35(19.8)40(24.5)1.1210.290
肝大2(1.1)1(0.6)0.0001.000
脾大2(1.1)2(1.2)0.0001.000
影像学特征
浅表淋巴结肿大76(43.0)64(39.3)0.4730.492
深部淋巴结肿大52(29.4)46(28.2)0.0550.814
脾大61(34.5)54(33.1)0.0680.795
肝大7(4.0)15(9.2)3.8610.050
浆膜腔积液58(32.8)52(31.9)0.0290.865
), ArticleFig(id=1199352815517794795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患者临床特征及影像学特征比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数

AOSD组
(n=177)

待鉴别FUO组
(n=163)

χP
临床特征
咽痛107(60.5)56(34.4)23.154<0.001
肌痛95(53.7)53(32.5)15.452<0.001
关节痛111(62.7)73(44.8)10.9820.001
皮疹109(61.6)74(45.4)8.9420.003
浅表淋巴结肿大35(19.8)40(24.5)1.1210.290
肝大2(1.1)1(0.6)0.0001.000
脾大2(1.1)2(1.2)0.0001.000
影像学特征
浅表淋巴结肿大76(43.0)64(39.3)0.4730.492
深部淋巴结肿大52(29.4)46(28.2)0.0550.814
脾大61(34.5)54(33.1)0.0680.795
肝大7(4.0)15(9.2)3.8610.050
浆膜腔积液58(32.8)52(31.9)0.0290.865
), ArticleFig(id=1199352815593292270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison on laboratory parameters of patients between two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数AOSD组(n=177)待鉴别FUO组(n=163)Z/χP
WBC (×109/L, $\bar{x}±s$)16.33±7.199.87±6.938.427<0.001
MO% [%, M(Q1, Q3)]3.70(2.50, 5.20)5.80(3.65, 8.20)-5.898<0.001
NE% (%, $\bar{x}±s$)83.67±11.7474.11±16.036.231<0.001
BA% [%, M(Q1, Q3)]0.10(0.00, 0.20)0.10(0.00, 0.30)-1.3120.189
EO% [%, M(Q1, Q3)]0.50(0.20, 1.70)0.60(0.10, 2.00)-0.1340.893
LY% (%, $\bar{x}±s$)9.78±6.3516.68±11.32-6.853<0.001
RBC (×1012/L, $\bar{x}±s$)3.75±0.624.85±0.35-1.3630.175
HGB (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)103.35±18.98106.88±34.03-1.1910.234
PLT (×109/L, $\bar{x}±s$)298.43±114.87262.78±117.202.8280.005
ESR (mm/h, $\bar{x}±s$)71.39±31.7271.93±33.70-0.1550.877
CRP [mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]78.7(24.9, 126.0)48.0(13.6, 102.0)-2.7320.006
PCT [ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]0.30(0.13, 0.87)0.28(0.09, 0.66)-1.6020.109
IL-6 [ng/L, M(Q1, Q3)]69.3(32.1, 127.0)61.2(36.6, 77.4)-2.5440.011
铁蛋白[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]657.42(352.32, 946.10)367.25(209.14, 480.35)-7.301<0.001
ALT [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]34.3(19.0, 60.2)30.0(18.8, 56.6)-1.0960.273
AST [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]36.1(26.0, 58.1)36.1(23.1, 67.5)-0.2350.814
GGT [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]60(29, 124)53(29, 100)-0.9690.333
ALP (U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)116.53±65.27109.37±68.340.9890.323
白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)31.57±5.5931.27±5.480.5020.616
球蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)33.51±5.6935.01±6.98-2.1590.032
IgA (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)2.49±1.102.82±1.46-2.3880.018
IgM (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.57±0.751.67±1.18-0.8550.393
IgG (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)13.37±3.5514.85±4.80-3.2170.001
LDH [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]368.1(271.3, 504.2)331.2(197.1, 537.4)-1.6450.100
α-HBD (U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)266.10±157.60290.53±225.11-1.1500.251
CK [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]27.0(19.0, 39.8)33.8(22.3, 66.7)-3.1620.002
CK-MB ([U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]10.7(7.0, 12.2)9.8(6.8, 13.4)-0.3650.715
尿素(mmol/L)4.25±4.044.20±2.930.1300.897
肌酐 [μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]51.5(46.0, 63.4)54.8(47.8, 66.8)-1. 9810.048
补体C3 (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.28±0.361.13±0.323.959<0.001
补体C4 (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)0.28±0.110.26±0.111.2850.200
SII [M(Q1, Q3)]2974(1705, 5055)1507(642, 2670)-6.497<0.001
AGR ($\bar{x}±s$)0.97±0.260.94±0.291.2750.203
CAR ($\bar{x}±s$)2.92±2.682.27±2.282.4110.016
FER[M(Q1, Q3)]9.41(5.68, 19.01)4.50(2.62, 10.50)-5.473<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199352815681372657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组患者实验室检测指标水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数AOSD组(n=177)待鉴别FUO组(n=163)Z/χP
WBC (×109/L, $\bar{x}±s$)16.33±7.199.87±6.938.427<0.001
MO% [%, M(Q1, Q3)]3.70(2.50, 5.20)5.80(3.65, 8.20)-5.898<0.001
NE% (%, $\bar{x}±s$)83.67±11.7474.11±16.036.231<0.001
BA% [%, M(Q1, Q3)]0.10(0.00, 0.20)0.10(0.00, 0.30)-1.3120.189
EO% [%, M(Q1, Q3)]0.50(0.20, 1.70)0.60(0.10, 2.00)-0.1340.893
LY% (%, $\bar{x}±s$)9.78±6.3516.68±11.32-6.853<0.001
RBC (×1012/L, $\bar{x}±s$)3.75±0.624.85±0.35-1.3630.175
HGB (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)103.35±18.98106.88±34.03-1.1910.234
PLT (×109/L, $\bar{x}±s$)298.43±114.87262.78±117.202.8280.005
ESR (mm/h, $\bar{x}±s$)71.39±31.7271.93±33.70-0.1550.877
CRP [mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]78.7(24.9, 126.0)48.0(13.6, 102.0)-2.7320.006
PCT [ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]0.30(0.13, 0.87)0.28(0.09, 0.66)-1.6020.109
IL-6 [ng/L, M(Q1, Q3)]69.3(32.1, 127.0)61.2(36.6, 77.4)-2.5440.011
铁蛋白[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]657.42(352.32, 946.10)367.25(209.14, 480.35)-7.301<0.001
ALT [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]34.3(19.0, 60.2)30.0(18.8, 56.6)-1.0960.273
AST [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]36.1(26.0, 58.1)36.1(23.1, 67.5)-0.2350.814
GGT [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]60(29, 124)53(29, 100)-0.9690.333
ALP (U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)116.53±65.27109.37±68.340.9890.323
白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)31.57±5.5931.27±5.480.5020.616
球蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)33.51±5.6935.01±6.98-2.1590.032
IgA (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)2.49±1.102.82±1.46-2.3880.018
IgM (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.57±0.751.67±1.18-0.8550.393
IgG (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)13.37±3.5514.85±4.80-3.2170.001
LDH [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]368.1(271.3, 504.2)331.2(197.1, 537.4)-1.6450.100
α-HBD (U/L, $\bar{x}±s$)266.10±157.60290.53±225.11-1.1500.251
CK [U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]27.0(19.0, 39.8)33.8(22.3, 66.7)-3.1620.002
CK-MB ([U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]10.7(7.0, 12.2)9.8(6.8, 13.4)-0.3650.715
尿素(mmol/L)4.25±4.044.20±2.930.1300.897
肌酐 [μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]51.5(46.0, 63.4)54.8(47.8, 66.8)-1. 9810.048
补体C3 (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)1.28±0.361.13±0.323.959<0.001
补体C4 (g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)0.28±0.110.26±0.111.2850.200
SII [M(Q1, Q3)]2974(1705, 5055)1507(642, 2670)-6.497<0.001
AGR ($\bar{x}±s$)0.97±0.260.94±0.291.2750.203
CAR ($\bar{x}±s$)2.92±2.682.27±2.282.4110.016
FER[M(Q1, Q3)]9.41(5.68, 19.01)4.50(2.62, 10.50)-5.473<0.001
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ROC curve analysis of cut-off value for each laboratory parameters

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参数AUC95%CI灵敏度特异度截断值P
WBC0.7870.738~0.8360.8640.6441.00×109/L<0.001
MO%0.6850.628~0.7420.7340.6075.15%<0.001
NE%0.7210.667~07750.7800.59580.05%<0.001
LY%0.7070.651~0.7630.7010.64411.15%<0.001
PLT0.5900.530~0.6510.5140.638287.50×109/L0.004
CRP0.5860.525~0.6460.5710.62069.30 mg/L0.006
IL-60.5800.518~0.6410.4120.87798.13 ng/L0.011
铁蛋白0.7290.675~0.7830.6100.804507.37 ng/ml<0.001
球蛋白0.5600.499~0.6220.7850.36236.58 g/L0.055
IgA0.5740.513~0.6350.5880.6012.53 g/L0.018
IgG0.5900.529~0.6510.6210.62613.59 g/L0.004
CK0.5990.539~0.6600.8420.35648.25 U/L0.002
肌酐0.5620.501~0.6230.4800.63851.10 μmol/L0.048
补体C30.6240.564~0.6830.5710.7361.27 g/L<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199352815840756216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各实验室参数最佳截断值的ROC曲线分析

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参数AUC95%CI灵敏度特异度截断值P
WBC0.7870.738~0.8360.8640.6441.00×109/L<0.001
MO%0.6850.628~0.7420.7340.6075.15%<0.001
NE%0.7210.667~07750.7800.59580.05%<0.001
LY%0.7070.651~0.7630.7010.64411.15%<0.001
PLT0.5900.530~0.6510.5140.638287.50×109/L0.004
CRP0.5860.525~0.6460.5710.62069.30 mg/L0.006
IL-60.5800.518~0.6410.4120.87798.13 ng/L0.011
铁蛋白0.7290.675~0.7830.6100.804507.37 ng/ml<0.001
球蛋白0.5600.499~0.6220.7850.36236.58 g/L0.055
IgA0.5740.513~0.6350.5880.6012.53 g/L0.018
IgG0.5900.529~0.6510.6210.62613.59 g/L0.004
CK0.5990.539~0.6600.8420.35648.25 U/L0.002
肌酐0.5620.501~0.6230.4800.63851.10 μmol/L0.048
补体C30.6240.564~0.6830.5710.7361.27 g/L<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1199352815928836605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of parameters to differentiate AOSD from other FUO causes

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参数单因素分析多因素分析
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
咽痛2.921(1.877~4.544)<0.001--
肌痛2.405(1.547~3.738)<0.001--
关节痛2.073(1.344~3.199)0.0012.561(1.342~4.888)0.004
皮疹1.928(1.251~2.970)0.003--
WBC(≥9.995×109/L vs. <9.995×109/L)11.541(6.748~19.738)<0.00111.994(5.860~24.549)<0.001
MO%(≤5.15% vs. >5.15%)4.279(2.705~6.767)<0.001--
NE%(≥80.05% vs. <80.05%)5.200(3.239~8.349)<0.001--
LY%(≤11.15% vs. >11.15%)4.236(2.689~6.670)<0.001--
PLT(≥287.50×109/L vs. <287.50×109/L)1.865(1.208~2.881)0.005--
CRP(≥69.30 mg/L vs. <69.30 mg/L)2.165(1.402~3.342)<0.001--
IL-6(≥98.13 ng/L vs. <98.13 ng/L)5.019(2.880~8.746)<0.0014.375(2.062~9.285)<0.001
铁蛋白(≥507.37 ng/ml vs. <507.37 ng/ml)6.408(3.923~10.465)<0.00111.179(5.451~22.926)<0.001
球蛋白(≤36.58 g/L vs. >36.58 g/L)2.075(1.284~3.355)0.0102.552(1.151~5.660)0.021
IgA(≤2.53 g/L vs. >2.53 g/L)0.921(0.357~1.493)0.448--
IgG(≤13.59 g/L vs. >13.59 g/L)2.745(1.769~4.259)<0.0012.350(1.156~4.777)0.018
CK(≤48.25 U/L vs. >48.25 U/L)2.939(1.755~4.922)<0.001--
肌酐(≤51.10 μmol/L vs. >51.10 μmol/L)1.629(1.054~2.515)0.028--
补体C3(≥1.27 g/L vs. <1.27 g/L)3.709(2.346~5.864)<0.0012.397(1.242~4.625)0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1199352816079831551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335052246086319, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

鉴别AOSD与其他FUO疾病参数的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数单因素分析多因素分析
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
咽痛2.921(1.877~4.544)<0.001--
肌痛2.405(1.547~3.738)<0.001--
关节痛2.073(1.344~3.199)0.0012.561(1.342~4.888)0.004
皮疹1.928(1.251~2.970)0.003--
WBC(≥9.995×109/L vs. <9.995×109/L)11.541(6.748~19.738)<0.00111.994(5.860~24.549)<0.001
MO%(≤5.15% vs. >5.15%)4.279(2.705~6.767)<0.001--
NE%(≥80.05% vs. <80.05%)5.200(3.239~8.349)<0.001--
LY%(≤11.15% vs. >11.15%)4.236(2.689~6.670)<0.001--
PLT(≥287.50×109/L vs. <287.50×109/L)1.865(1.208~2.881)0.005--
CRP(≥69.30 mg/L vs. <69.30 mg/L)2.165(1.402~3.342)<0.001--
IL-6(≥98.13 ng/L vs. <98.13 ng/L)5.019(2.880~8.746)<0.0014.375(2.062~9.285)<0.001
铁蛋白(≥507.37 ng/ml vs. <507.37 ng/ml)6.408(3.923~10.465)<0.00111.179(5.451~22.926)<0.001
球蛋白(≤36.58 g/L vs. >36.58 g/L)2.075(1.284~3.355)0.0102.552(1.151~5.660)0.021
IgA(≤2.53 g/L vs. >2.53 g/L)0.921(0.357~1.493)0.448--
IgG(≤13.59 g/L vs. >13.59 g/L)2.745(1.769~4.259)<0.0012.350(1.156~4.777)0.018
CK(≤48.25 U/L vs. >48.25 U/L)2.939(1.755~4.922)<0.001--
肌酐(≤51.10 μmol/L vs. >51.10 μmol/L)1.629(1.054~2.515)0.028--
补体C3(≥1.27 g/L vs. <1.27 g/L)3.709(2.346~5.864)<0.0012.397(1.242~4.625)0.009
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成人斯蒂尔病与其他不明原因发热疾病的鉴别诊断指标
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汤影子 , 刘慧敏 , 郭建琼 , 夏杰 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(3): 308-315
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(3): 308-315
成人斯蒂尔病与其他不明原因发热疾病的鉴别诊断指标
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汤影子, 刘慧敏, 郭建琼, 夏杰*
作者信息
  • 陆军军医大学第一附属医院感染科,重庆 400038
  • 汤影子,博士研究生,主治医师,主要从事感染性疾病方面的临床研究

通讯作者:

夏杰,E-mail:
Differential diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease with other fever of unknown origin causes
Ying-Zi Tang, Hui-Min Liu, Jian-Qiong Guo, Jie Xia*
Affiliations
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
出版时间: 2024-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0707.2023.1011
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目的 探讨成人斯蒂尔病(AOSD)与其他不明原因发热(FUO)疾病的鉴别诊断指标。方法 收集2010年1月-2021年5月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院住院的177例AOSD患者及163例待鉴别FUO患者的临床资料及实验室指标,随机分为训练组及验证组。通过单因素分析提取有统计学意义的变量进行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析并获取变量的最佳截断值,进一步通过多因素logistic回归分析筛选出具有鉴别诊断意义的指标,并构建列线图模型;采用ROC曲线、校准曲线及决策曲线分析列线图的准确性及稳定性。结果 单因素分析结果显示,4项临床特征(关节痛、皮疹、咽痛、肌痛)及14项实验室参数[白细胞计数(WBC)、单核细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、血小板计数、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、铁蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、肌酸激酶、肌酐、补体C3]差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,关节痛、WBC≥9.995×109/L、IL-6≥98.13 ng/L、铁蛋白≥507.37 ng/ml、球蛋白≤36.58 g/L、IgG≤13.59 g/L、补体C3≥1.27g/L均与AOSD相关(P<0.05)。训练组及验证组的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.917[95%可信区间(95%CI) 0.883~0.951]、0.869(95%CI 0.802~0.936);校准曲线表现出良好的一致性;决策曲线分析表明,训练组及验证组分别在5%~85%、10%~85%广大风险范围内显示出较大的正向收益率。结论 该研究建立起一个相对准确的AOSD鉴别诊断模型,关节痛、WBC、IL-6、铁蛋白、球蛋白、IgG及补体C3多指标联合应用有助于鉴别AOSD与其他FUO病因。

成人斯蒂尔病  /  不明原因发热  /  鉴别诊断

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic indicators of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) from other fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods The clinical data and laboratory indicators of 177 AOSD patients and 163 FUO patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2010 to May 2021 were collected, and the patients were randomly divided into training group and verification group. Statistically significant variables were extracted from univariate analysis for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the best cut-off value of the variables was obtained. The differential diagnostic indicators were extracted by multivariate logistic regression analysis and nomogram model was constructed. ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy and stability of nomogram. Results Univariate analysis revealed that there were significant differences in 4 clinical features (arthralgia, rash, pharyngeal pain, myalgia) and 14 laboratory parameters [white blood cell count (WBC), monocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, globulin, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), creatine kinase, creatinine and complement C3]. Multivariate analysis suggested that arthralgia, WBC ≥9.995×109/L, IL-6 ≥98.13 ng/L, ferritin ≥507.37 ng/ml, globulin ≤36.58g/L, IgG ≤13.59g/L, complement C3 ≥1.27 g/L were related with AOSD. The area under curve (AUC) values of training group and verification group were 0.917 (95%CI 0.883-0.951) and 0.869 (95%CI 0.802-0.936), respectively. The calibration curves showed good consistency. The decision curve analysis showed that training group and verification group had a large positive rate of return in the wide risk range of 5%-85% and 10%-85%, respectively. Conclusions This study has established a relatively accurate AOSD differential diagnosis model. The combination of arthralgia, WBC, IL-6, ferritin, globulin, IgG and complement C3 may help to distinguish AOSD from other causes of FUO.

adult-onset Still's disease  /  fever-of-unknown-origin-etiology  /  differential diagnosis
汤影子, 刘慧敏, 郭建琼, 夏杰. 成人斯蒂尔病与其他不明原因发热疾病的鉴别诊断指标. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (3) : 308 -315 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0707.2023.1011
Ying-Zi Tang, Hui-Min Liu, Jian-Qiong Guo, Jie Xia. Differential diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease with other fever of unknown origin causes[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (3) : 308 -315 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0707.2023.1011
成人斯蒂尔病(adult-onset Still's disease,AOSD)是引起成人不明原因发热(fever of unknown origin,FUO)的一类疾病,其发病机制较复杂,是一种少见的有自身免疫因素参与的自身炎症反应性疾病。AOSD发病率低,临床表现各异,缺乏特异性的临床特征及典型的血清学、病理学表现,需反复检查,排除其他感染性疾病、恶性肿瘤及风湿免疫病,此过程易导致过度检查及医疗资源的浪费。目前AOSD诊断尚无统一标准,国外制定的标准包括Yamaguchi标准、Cush标准、Calabro标准及ARA标准等,上述诊断标准多来源于回顾性研究,且纳入的临床特征及实验室指标均有差异,其中Yamaguchi标准的特异度及敏感度较高[1],在我国应用较广泛,但由于多种发热性疾病与AOSD具有相似的临床表现,且AOSD诊断缺乏特异性血清学标志物,都可能导致AOSD的误诊及延迟诊断。本研究回顾性分析AOSD及待鉴别FUO患者队列,建立AOSD鉴别诊断模型,以期提供简便、可靠的AOSD辅助诊断方法。
2010年1月-2021年5月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院因FUO入院的177例AOSD患者及163例待鉴别FUO患者,年龄均>18岁。所有患者均符合FUO诊断标准,AOSD患者符合Yamaguchi诊断标准,并排除感染、恶性肿瘤及风湿免疫病等。待鉴别FUO患者入院拟诊讨论诊断中包括AOSD,出院诊断为非AOSD。本研究已获陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准[批准号:(B)KY2021051]。
收集所有患者信息。(1)人口统计学特征:性别、年龄;(2)临床资料:诊断、热程、症状(咽痛、肌痛、关节痛、皮疹)及体征(浅表淋巴结肿大、肝大、脾大)、影像学资料(浅表及深部淋巴结肿大、肝大、脾大、浆膜腔积液)、血常规、生化指标(肝肾功能、肌酶谱)、炎症指标[C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、铁蛋白]、免疫指标[血清补体、免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA)]、实验室炎症评分[全身免疫炎症指数(systemic immune inflammation index,SII;计算方法为血小板计数×中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数)、CRP/白蛋白比值(CRP/albumin ratio,CAR)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(albumin/globulin ratio,AGR)、铁蛋白/ESR比值(ferritin/ESR ratio,FER)]。
采用t检验、曼-惠特尼U检验及χ2检验对AOSD患者及待鉴别FUO患者的各项临床特征及实验室参数进行单因素分析,将单因素分析中P<0.1的变量进行受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析获取变量的截断值,并纳入多因素logistic回归分析(逐步向前法)。分别从两组中各随机抽取70%的数据作为训练组数据,剩余的作为验证组数据,以保证训练组及验证组中的数据特征无明显差异。采用R软件建模,使用训练组数据建立Nomogram诊断模型,应用验证组数据验证该模型。绘制ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),用于检验列线图在训练组及验证组中的性能,AUC>0.75则认为列线图有较好的鉴别诊断性能;校准曲线用于评估在训练组及验证组中实际结果与列线图诊断结果的一致程度;绘制决策曲线,使用决策曲线分析并判断列线图的临床效用。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料在分析前行正态检验及方差齐性检验,符合正态分布以$\bar{x}±s$表示,采用t检验,非正态分布以M(Q1Q3)表示,采用曼-惠特尼U检验。计数资料以百分比表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
纳入177例AOSD患者,其中男66例(37.3%),女111例(62.7%),年龄(44.3±14.7)岁;163例待鉴别FUO患者中男64例(39.3%),女99例(60.7%),年龄(46.9±15.1)岁;两组患者性别、年龄差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);待鉴别FUO患者包括感染性疾病85例(52.1%)、非感染性炎症性疾病65例(39.9%)、恶性肿瘤7例(4.3%)、其他疾病6例(3.7%)。
两组患者热程差异无统计学意义(P=0.261)。AOSD患者最常见的症状依次为关节痛、皮疹、咽痛、肌痛,待鉴别FUO患者最常见的症状依次为皮疹、关节痛、咽痛、肌痛。AOSD患者出现咽痛、肌痛、关节痛及皮疹的比例均明显高于待鉴别FUO患者(P<0.05);两组患者体格检查中最常见的影像学异常依次为浅表淋巴结大、脾大、浆膜腔积液、深部淋巴结大及肝大,异常患者比例差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
AOSD组患者白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(neutrophil ratio,NE%)、血小板计数(platelet count,PLT)、CRP、IL-6、铁蛋白、补体C3水平明显高于待鉴别FUO患者(P<0.05);AOSD组患者单核细胞百分比(monocyte ratio,MO%)、淋巴细胞百分比(lymphocyte ratio,LY%)、球蛋白、IgA、IgG、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酐水平明显低于待鉴别FUO患者(P<0.05);两组患者嗜碱粒细胞百分比(basophil ratio,BA%)、嗜酸粒细胞百分比(eosinophil ratio,EO%)、红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、ESR、PCT、谷丙转氨酶(alaninetransaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(gamma-glutamyltransferase,GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、白蛋白、IgM、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase,α-HBD)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(creatine kinase isomer-MB,CK-MB)、尿素、补体C4差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验室炎症评价指标中,AOSD患者的SII、CAR及FER均明显高于待鉴别FUO患者(P<0.05;表2)。
表2中选取差异有统计学意义的参数进行ROC曲线分析,得到14个参数的最佳截断值(表3),共线性分析提示各参数间不存在共线性关系,选取截断值作为临界点,将以上指标与关节痛、皮疹、咽痛、肌痛纳入logistic回归分析。
单因素分析提示,除IgA外其他17项参数均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表4)。多因素分析中有7项参数纳入最佳回归方程,分别为关节痛、WBC(≥9.995×109/L vs. <9.995×109/L)、IL-6(≥98.13 ng/L vs. <98.13 ng/L)、铁蛋白(≥507.37 ng/ml vs. <507.37 ng/ml)、球蛋白(≤36.58 g/L vs. >36.58 g/L)、IgG(≤13.59 g/L vs. >13.59 g/L)、补体C3(≥1.27 g/L vs. <1.27 g/L)(表4)。
通过logistic回归分析出具有鉴别意义的7项指标,借助R软件,利用训练集中的数据建立Nomogram模型(图1),运用验证集数据检验该模型的效能。训练组及验证组的AUC分别为0.917(95%CI 0.883~0.951)、0.869(95%CI 0.802~0.936) (图2)。该鉴别诊断的列线图校准曲线在训练组及验证组中表现出良好的一致性(图3)。根据训练组及验证组列线图的决策曲线分析可知,采用列线图进行鉴别诊断,当训练组及验证组的阈值概率分别为5%~85%、10%~85%时进行临床干预患者最可能受益(图4)。
AOSD是一种罕见的、慢性的、累及多系统的自身炎症性疾病,其发病机制仍需进一步阐明,且发病过程不可预测。AOSD的主要临床表现包括发热、皮疹、关节痛或关节炎、咽炎、肝脾肿大、淋巴结肿大及浆膜腔积液;实验室检查常表现为中性粒细胞增多,CRP、ESR及铁蛋白水平明显升高,类风湿因子及抗核抗体阴性[2-3]。在AOSD病程中可能出现罕见且危及生命的并发症(如巨噬细胞激活综合征、弥散性血管内凝血、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜、肝衰竭及心肌炎等)[4-5],病死率为10%~41%[6-7],部分患者病程进展迅速,因此早期识别及治疗至关重要。
发热为AOSD的重要表现之一,几乎见于所有患者,且常为AOSD的首发症状,由于缺乏特异性诊断指标,AOSD是FUO疾病谱中重要的鉴别诊断之一。FUO可分为感染性疾病、肿瘤性疾病、非感染性炎症疾病及其他疾病四大类,根据几项大型研究,评估为FUO的患者中15%~20%最终诊断为AOSD[2,8-9]。FUO的评估步骤较复杂,耗时耗力且费用昂贵,可造成患者住院时间延长,因此如何利用临床特征及常规实验室指标对AOSD进行早期识别及诊断是一大难题。
本研究纳入因FUO入院的AOSD患者及待鉴别FUO患者作为研究对象,待鉴别FUO患者在入院时的拟诊讨论中均包含AOSD,但最终排除了该诊断,通过比较两组患者的临床特征及实验室检测结果,寻找能识别AOSD患者的指标。既往有研究表明,咽炎、关节炎、皮疹可以区分AOSD及待鉴别FUO[10]。本研究单因素分析结果也显示,AOSD患者出现咽痛、肌痛、关节痛及皮疹的比例均明显高于待鉴别FUO患者。Bilgin等[11]提出了一个鉴别AOSD及其他FUO的算法,能以关节痛存在与否来筛选可能的AOSD患者,无关节痛症状的患者基本可以排除AOSD诊断。本研究结果还表明,关节痛是AOSD患者最常出现的伴随症状,进一步多因素分析提示,关节痛是AOSD发生的独立危险因素。因此,当FUO患者出现关节痛症状时,临床医师要高度怀疑AOSD。两组患者肝脾肿大、浅表及深部淋巴结肿大、浆膜腔积液的比例差异均无统计学意义,因此临床体征及影像学检查对AOSD及其他FUO患者的鉴别意义有限。
通过单因素分析筛选出17项差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素回归分析,结果显示,WBC≥9.995×109/L、IL-6≥98.13 ng/L、铁蛋白≥507.37 ng/ml、球蛋白≤36.58 g/L、IgG≤13.59 g/L、补体C3≥1.27 g/L均与AOSD相关(P<0.05)。AOSD患者的WBC明显增多,且以中性粒细胞增多为主,虽然NE%仅在单因素分析中有统计学意义,但如结合WBC增多,则对识别AOSD仍具有参考价值。IL-6及铁蛋白水平在AOSD患者中明显升高,且有研究表明其升高可提示巨噬细胞活化综合征相关的细胞因子风暴发生[12]。李洁等[13]研究也提示,补体C3可作为AOSD及脓毒症的鉴别诊断指标,与本研究结果基本一致。关于球蛋白及IgG在AOSD鉴别诊断中作用的报道较少,需要更多的研究以明确。本研究利用R软件建立了列线图鉴别诊断模型,将上述各鉴别指标发挥的重要作用以列线图形式展现,兼顾了各指标的累积效应,具有较高的直观性及准确性,而且操作便捷,能较好地鉴别AOSD与其他FUO病因。有研究指出,炎症指标SII、CAR、FER及AGR可作为AOSD的初始评估工具,其中SII对AOSD的诊断效能较高(AUC=0.859),特异度最高(91.5%),阳性似然比最高(7.6),而SII联合铁蛋白对AOSD的诊断效能高于单用SII,AUC为0.904(敏感度及特异度分别为85.4%、84.7%,最佳截断值为2615)[14]。本研究结果显示,AOSD患者的SII、FER及CAR均明显高于待鉴别FUO患者,表明炎症指标也有助于临床医师识别AOSD。
目前有研究报道用于AOSD诊断的新的生物标志物,Feist等[15]研究表明,糖化铁蛋白水平明显下降(≤20%)诊断AOSD的敏感度为78.0%,特异度为64.0%,如果结合血清铁蛋白水平升高5倍以上,则特异度达92.9%。钙粒蛋白A及钙粒蛋白B在AOSD患者血清中水平升高,且与疾病的活动性及严重程度有关[16]。sCD163是一种巨噬细胞活化的标志物,在AOSD患者血清中水平亦明显升高[17]。有研究证实,IL-18可作为脓毒症及AOSD鉴别诊断的标志物,AOSD患者IL-18水平明显升高,对AOSD的诊断特异度为78.3%,敏感度为88.6%[18]。Mitrovic等[19]研究显示,AOSD患者的CXCL10及CXCL13水平高于类风湿关节炎患者或健康志愿者,且与疾病系统评分相关。然而,上述生物标志物的诊断效能仍需要在更大的患者群体中证实。
综上所述,本研究提示通过临床症状(关节痛)及实验室指标(WBC、IL-6、铁蛋白、球蛋白、IgG及补体C3)可区分AOSD与其他FUO病因。尽管本研究未发现任何单一变量可作为AOSD的特异性鉴别指标,但结合临床表现及实验室指标能帮助临床医师可靠地识别大多数AOSD患者。本研究样本量较大,但为回顾性、单中心设计,有一定局限性,可能存在回忆偏倚,因此需要进一步的外部验证;另外,本研究未检测其他最新的生物标志物以区分AOSD及其他FUO病因。因此,未来有必要进行前瞻性多中心研究,进一步寻找并验证能够鉴别AOSD的指标。
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2024年第49卷第3期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0707.2023.1011
  • 接收时间:2023-05-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-19
  • 录用日期:2023-08-01
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    陆军军医大学第一附属医院感染科,重庆 400038

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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