Article(id=1199335051650495143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0907.2023.1106, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1688054400000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1692547200000, acceptedDateStr=2023-08-21, onlineDate=1763873358881, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1711555200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873358881, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873358881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873358881, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199335049175859209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873358291, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874044185, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337926086721596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337926086721597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199335049175859209, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=265, endPage=271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199335051948290728, articleId=1199335051650495143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of NF-κB-regulated Drp-1 and PGC-1α in lung tissue of neonatal rats with meconium aspiration syndrome and its mechanism, columnId=1199335049955999755, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Special Issue of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) in the lung tissues of neonatal rats with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and its mechanism. Methods Fifty 2-3-week-old SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): control group, model group and SN50 low, medium and high concentration groups. In control group, 2 ml/kg of saline was injected into the trachea after tracheal exposure, and 2 ml/kg of meconium suspension was injected into the trachea of the rest of groups; after 24 h, control and model groups were left untreated, and 100 μl of each of SN50 concentrations of 10, 30, and 60 μg/ml was injected into SN50 low, medium, and high concentration groups intraperitoneally; the rats of each group were killed after 6 h, and the chest X-rays, the gross views of the lungs, the lung wet/dry weight ratios (W/D), and the lungs of the rats in control group and model group were examined. After 6 h, the rats in each group were executed, and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by chest radiographs, lung gross view, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and HE staining; Western blotting was used to detect the changes of nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) (p65), p-NF‑κB p65 (p-p65), Drp-1, and PGC-1α proteins expression in neonatal rat lung tissues, and immuno-histochemistry was used to observe the expression of p65, Drp-1, and PGC-1α related proteins expression in neonatal rat lung tissues. Results Compared with control group, model group showed inflammatory infiltration in the chest radiograph and gross view, and the W/D and lung injury pathology scores were significantly higher (P<0.05); compared with model group, the chest radiograph and gross view of inflammation were slightly reduced in SN50 low, medium and high concentration groups, and the W/D and lung injury pathology scores were significantly lower (P<0.05).Western blotting showed that, compared with control group, the protein expression levels of p-p65 and Drp-1 in the lung tissues of neonatal rats were significantly higher in model group (P<0.05), and the protein expression level of PGC-1α was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with model group, the protein expression levels of p-p65 and Drp-1 were significantly lower in SN50 low, medium, and high concentration groups (P<0.05), and the difference in the protein expression level of PGC-1α in SN50 low concentration group was not statistically significant (P>0.05), whereas the PGC-1α expression levels in SN50 medium and high concentration groups were significantly higher (P<0.05); the difference in the total p65 protein expression levels in each group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Immunohistochemical assay results showed that, compared with control group, p65 and Drp-1 protein expression levels were significantly higher in model group (P<0.05), and PGC-1α protein expression level was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with model group, p65 protein expression level was significantly lower in SN50 low concentration group (P<0.05), and the difference in Drp-1 and PGC-1α protein expression levels were not statistically significant (P>0.05), Drp-1 protein expression level was significantly lower (P<0.05), and PGC-1α protein expression level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in SN50 middle and high concentration groups. Conclusion Fecal inhalation can induce lung tissue inflammation in neonatal rats, and the mechanism may be related to enhanced oxidative stress, promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of the Drp-1/NF-κB signaling pathway, and inhibition of PGC-1α protein expression.

, correspAuthors=Shu-Hua Zhao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨动力相关蛋白1(Drp-1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1-α(PGC-1α)在胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)新生大鼠肺组织中的作用及其机制。方法 50只2~3周龄SD新生大鼠随机分为5组(n=10):对照组、模型组与SN50低、中、高浓度组。对照组气管暴露后,气管内注入2 ml/kg生理盐水,其余各组气管内注入2 ml/kg的胎粪悬浮液;24 h后对照组、模型组不予处理,SN50低、中、高浓度组腹腔注射10、30、60 μg/ml浓度SN50各100 μl。6 h后处死各组大鼠,检测X线胸片、肺大体观、肺湿/干重比(W/D),HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,Western blotting检测新生大鼠肺组织中NF-κB(p65)、p-NF-κB p65(p-p65)、Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白的表达变化,免疫组织化学方法观察新生大鼠肺组织中p65、Drp-1、PGC-1α等相关蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组胸片及大体观可见炎性浸润,W/D、肺损伤病理评分明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低、中、高浓度组胸片及大体观炎症稍减轻,W/D、肺损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组新生大鼠肺组织中p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低、中、高浓度组p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),SN50低浓度组PGC-1α蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而SN50中、高浓度组PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);各组总p65蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低浓度组p65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而SN50中、高浓度组Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 胎粪吸入可诱导新生大鼠肺组织炎症,其机制可能与增强氧化应激、促进线粒体功能障碍、激活Drp-1/NF-κB信号通路,以及抑制PGC-1α蛋白表达有关。

, correspAuthors=赵淑华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
赵淑华,E-mail:
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徐洁莹,医学硕士,主要从事小儿呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗方面的研究

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徐洁莹,医学硕士,主要从事小儿呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗方面的研究

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徐洁莹,医学硕士,主要从事小儿呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗方面的研究

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A. X线胸片;B. 肺组织大体肉眼观;C. 肺组织W/D;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与SN50低浓度组比较,(3)P<0.05;与SN50中浓度组比较,(4)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=odhiOJFnwETxwEaShKCWvA==, figureFileBig=69kAK5ino1P0N+QcUoY4OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199335056692048710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335051650495143, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Histopathological changes in the lungs of neonatal rats in each group and scoring of lung injury pathology (n=10), figureFileSmall=YCEvFgl8hfI+xe8Uu9jTjQ==, figureFileBig=VFhSzkHXovfEGxLuFwoh+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199335056847237963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335051650495143, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组新生大鼠肺组织病理变化及肺损伤病理评分(n=10)

A. 肺组织病理变化(HE ×200);B. 肺损伤病理评分;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与SN50低浓度组比较,(3)P<0.05;与SN50中浓度组比较,(4)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=YCEvFgl8hfI+xe8Uu9jTjQ==, figureFileBig=VFhSzkHXovfEGxLuFwoh+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199335056964678486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335051650495143, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of the relative expression of p-p65, p65, Drp-1, and PGC-1α proteins in lung tissues of neonatal rats in each group (n=3), figureFileSmall=Dp1tXoW/u9ezNLrgeM/OUg==, figureFileBig=SfLmNFiFgvwjXhqOOnVE7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199335057291834203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335051650495143, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组新生大鼠肺组织中p-p65、p65、Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白相对表达量比较(n=3)

Drp-1. 动力相关蛋白1;PGC-1α. 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1-α;A. Western blotting检测;B. 蛋白相对表达量统计图;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与SN50低浓度组比较,(3)P<0.05;与SN50中浓度组比较,(4)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=Dp1tXoW/u9ezNLrgeM/OUg==, figureFileBig=SfLmNFiFgvwjXhqOOnVE7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199335057396691806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335051650495143, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of the relative expression of p65, Drp-1, and PGC-1α proteins in the lung tissues of neonatal rats of each group (Immunohistochemistry ×400, n=3), figureFileSmall=JyC6eQ76A72rES6BMAXWFg==, figureFileBig=tWYfaxJgZff9eJ9HtBaFxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199335057505743716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199335051650495143, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组新生大鼠肺组织中p65、Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白相对表达量的比较(免疫组化 ×400,n=3)

Drp-1. 动力相关蛋白1;PGC-1α.过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1-α;A. 免疫组化检测;B.蛋白相对表达量统计图;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与SN50低浓度组比较,(3)P<0.05;与SN50中浓度组比较,(4)P<0.05

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Drp-1PGC-1α在胎粪吸入综合征新生大鼠肺组织中的作用及其机制
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徐洁莹 1 , 赵淑华 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 新生儿ARDS诊断与治疗专题 2024,49(3): 265-271
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解放军医学杂志 | 新生儿ARDS诊断与治疗专题 2024, 49(3): 265-271
Drp-1PGC-1α在胎粪吸入综合征新生大鼠肺组织中的作用及其机制
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徐洁莹1, 赵淑华2, *
作者信息
  • 1大理大学临床医学院,云南大理白族自治州 671000
  • 2大理大学第一附属医院儿科暨云南省儿科疾病临床医学分中心,云南大理白族自治州 671000
  • 徐洁莹,医学硕士,主要从事小儿呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗方面的研究

通讯作者:

赵淑华,E-mail:
Effect of NF-κB-regulated Drp-1 and PGC-1α in lung tissue of neonatal rats with meconium aspiration syndrome and its mechanism
Jie-Ying Xu1, Shu-Hua Zhao2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Clinical Medical School of Dali University, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan 671000, China
  • 2Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Yunnan Province Pediatric Disease Clinical Medicine Sub-Center, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan 671000, China
出版时间: 2024-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0907.2023.1106
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目的 探讨动力相关蛋白1(Drp-1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1-α(PGC-1α)在胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)新生大鼠肺组织中的作用及其机制。方法 50只2~3周龄SD新生大鼠随机分为5组(n=10):对照组、模型组与SN50低、中、高浓度组。对照组气管暴露后,气管内注入2 ml/kg生理盐水,其余各组气管内注入2 ml/kg的胎粪悬浮液;24 h后对照组、模型组不予处理,SN50低、中、高浓度组腹腔注射10、30、60 μg/ml浓度SN50各100 μl。6 h后处死各组大鼠,检测X线胸片、肺大体观、肺湿/干重比(W/D),HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,Western blotting检测新生大鼠肺组织中NF-κB(p65)、p-NF-κB p65(p-p65)、Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白的表达变化,免疫组织化学方法观察新生大鼠肺组织中p65、Drp-1、PGC-1α等相关蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组胸片及大体观可见炎性浸润,W/D、肺损伤病理评分明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低、中、高浓度组胸片及大体观炎症稍减轻,W/D、肺损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组新生大鼠肺组织中p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低、中、高浓度组p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),SN50低浓度组PGC-1α蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而SN50中、高浓度组PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);各组总p65蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低浓度组p65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而SN50中、高浓度组Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 胎粪吸入可诱导新生大鼠肺组织炎症,其机制可能与增强氧化应激、促进线粒体功能障碍、激活Drp-1/NF-κB信号通路,以及抑制PGC-1α蛋白表达有关。

胎粪吸入综合征  /  核因子-κB  /  氧化应激  /  线粒体

Objective To investigate the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) in the lung tissues of neonatal rats with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and its mechanism. Methods Fifty 2-3-week-old SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): control group, model group and SN50 low, medium and high concentration groups. In control group, 2 ml/kg of saline was injected into the trachea after tracheal exposure, and 2 ml/kg of meconium suspension was injected into the trachea of the rest of groups; after 24 h, control and model groups were left untreated, and 100 μl of each of SN50 concentrations of 10, 30, and 60 μg/ml was injected into SN50 low, medium, and high concentration groups intraperitoneally; the rats of each group were killed after 6 h, and the chest X-rays, the gross views of the lungs, the lung wet/dry weight ratios (W/D), and the lungs of the rats in control group and model group were examined. After 6 h, the rats in each group were executed, and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by chest radiographs, lung gross view, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and HE staining; Western blotting was used to detect the changes of nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) (p65), p-NF‑κB p65 (p-p65), Drp-1, and PGC-1α proteins expression in neonatal rat lung tissues, and immuno-histochemistry was used to observe the expression of p65, Drp-1, and PGC-1α related proteins expression in neonatal rat lung tissues. Results Compared with control group, model group showed inflammatory infiltration in the chest radiograph and gross view, and the W/D and lung injury pathology scores were significantly higher (P<0.05); compared with model group, the chest radiograph and gross view of inflammation were slightly reduced in SN50 low, medium and high concentration groups, and the W/D and lung injury pathology scores were significantly lower (P<0.05).Western blotting showed that, compared with control group, the protein expression levels of p-p65 and Drp-1 in the lung tissues of neonatal rats were significantly higher in model group (P<0.05), and the protein expression level of PGC-1α was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with model group, the protein expression levels of p-p65 and Drp-1 were significantly lower in SN50 low, medium, and high concentration groups (P<0.05), and the difference in the protein expression level of PGC-1α in SN50 low concentration group was not statistically significant (P>0.05), whereas the PGC-1α expression levels in SN50 medium and high concentration groups were significantly higher (P<0.05); the difference in the total p65 protein expression levels in each group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Immunohistochemical assay results showed that, compared with control group, p65 and Drp-1 protein expression levels were significantly higher in model group (P<0.05), and PGC-1α protein expression level was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with model group, p65 protein expression level was significantly lower in SN50 low concentration group (P<0.05), and the difference in Drp-1 and PGC-1α protein expression levels were not statistically significant (P>0.05), Drp-1 protein expression level was significantly lower (P<0.05), and PGC-1α protein expression level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in SN50 middle and high concentration groups. Conclusion Fecal inhalation can induce lung tissue inflammation in neonatal rats, and the mechanism may be related to enhanced oxidative stress, promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of the Drp-1/NF-κB signaling pathway, and inhibition of PGC-1α protein expression.

meconium aspiration syndrome  /  nuclear factor κB  /  oxidative stress  /  mitochondria
徐洁莹, 赵淑华. Drp-1PGC-1α在胎粪吸入综合征新生大鼠肺组织中的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (3) : 265 -271 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0907.2023.1106
Jie-Ying Xu, Shu-Hua Zhao. Effect of NF-κB-regulated Drp-1 and PGC-1α in lung tissue of neonatal rats with meconium aspiration syndrome and its mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (3) : 265 -271 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0907.2023.1106
胎粪吸入综合征(meconium aspiration syndrome,MAS)是指胎儿在宫内或分娩时吸入被胎粪污染的羊水,以致机械性气道阻塞、化学性肺炎及继发性肺泡表面活性物质失活,继而出现肺动脉高压、肺气漏,重症MAS可致急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)、新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS),严重的可致呼吸衰竭甚至死亡[1]。全球10%~15%的新生儿可出现羊水胎粪污染(meconium-stained amniotic fluid,MASF),死亡率高达11.3%[2]。核因子-κB(NF-κB)炎症通路与MAS的发生发展存在密不可分的联系。研究发现,NF-κB信号通路作为肺部炎症经典通路,参与胎粪吸入所致肺组织炎症[3]。在Wistar大鼠胎粪急性肺损伤模型中,胎粪组NF-κB活性和NF-κB p65阳性细胞百分比明显高于对照组,而地塞米松处理可抑制NF-κB易位到细胞核,从而降低NF-κB的活性,减轻肺损伤程度[4]。氧化应激在MAS的发生发展中同样具有重要意义,线粒体是一个动态细胞器,可通过连续的裂变和融合保持适当的线粒体功能[5]。动力相关蛋白1(dynamin related protein 1,Drp-1)是GTP酶动力蛋白家族的成员,主要调节线粒体裂变,扰乱能量代谢,促进活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成,并进一步刺激NF-κB炎症通路[6-7]。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha,PGC-1α)是参与能量代谢和线粒体生物发生的许多基因的转录共激活剂,在血管炎症、内皮功能等方面与NF-κB通路具有一定的联系[8]。本研究建立MAS动物模型,探讨NF-κB调控下Drp-1、PGC-1α在MAS新生大鼠肺组织中的作用及其机制,旨在改善胎粪吸入所致的肺炎症状及其预后。
NF-κB p65抗体、PGC-1α抗体、Drp-1抗体(北京博奥森生物技术有限公司);磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)抗体、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)抗体(上海碧云天生物科技有限公司);辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗兔IgG、蛋白酶抑制剂、RIPA蛋白裂解液(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司);BCA蛋白浓度检测试剂盒、超敏ECL化学发光检测试剂盒(武汉三鹰生物科技有限公司);SN50(苏州莫纳生物技术有限公司);光学显微镜(日本Olympus公司);酶标仪、电泳仪和转膜仪(美国Bio-Rad公司)。
50只2~3周龄SPF级SD新生大鼠,雌雄不限,25~40 g,购自昆明双欣生物科技有限公司[实验动物许可证编号:SYXK(滇)2018-0002]。本研究已获大理大学动物伦理审查委员会审批(DFY20211227)。
征得家属同意后,在无菌条件下获取多个足月健康新生儿头次胎粪,真空冷冻干燥后,研磨成粉状,用无菌生理盐水(normal saline,NS)配置成20%的胎粪悬浮液[9],-20 ℃冰箱分装保存,备用。
50只SD新生大鼠,适应性喂养2~3 d,随机分为对照组、模型组与SN50低、中、高浓度组,每组10只。参考文献及预实验结果,本实验采用气管暴露,并气管注入胎粪悬浮液制备MAS模型,将SD新生大鼠称重标记后腹腔注射2%戊巴比妥钠40 mg/kg[10],麻醉成功后仰卧位固定于预热好的动物操作台,剪开颈部皮肤,暴露气管,对照组气管内注入2 ml/kg无菌生理盐水,余下各组气管内注入2 ml/kg的胎粪混悬液,继续导管内注入2~3 ml的空气确保胎粪均匀进入支气管及肺泡,保证每组造模成功各10只,随后缝合消毒颈部切口,放回鼠笼,母鼠哺乳喂养,观察24 h,期间正常补充饲料,更换垫料。观察24 h后行胸部X线检查各组SD新生大鼠是否造模成功。确认除对照组外均出现肺炎表现后,对照组、模型组常规喂养不做任何治疗处理,SN50低、中、高浓度组分别腹腔注入浓度为10、30、60 μg/ml的SN50溶液各100 μl[11]
SN50注入后观察6 h,各组新生大鼠均腹腔注射苯巴比妥钠麻醉,开胸暴露心脏,左心室抽血处死,提起主支气管,分离肺组织。生理盐水冲洗表面残余组织及血液,用滤纸吸去各组右肺组织表面水分,做好标记后称重湿重(Wet),然后用锡纸包裹右肺组织一同放入80 ℃烤箱烘烤48 h,称重干重(Dry),计算湿干比(W/D)。
用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定左肺尖组织24 h,常规石蜡包埋备用,制作4 μm切片,HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,并进行肺损伤病理评分。依照Mikawa等[12]的方法进行评分:(1)白细胞在组织中的浸润范围(0%为0分,0%~25%为1分,25%~50%为2分,50%~75%为3分,75%~100%为4分);(2)肺泡腔白细胞量(无白细胞为0分,偶有为1分,大量白细胞为2分,肺泡腔几乎充满白细胞为3分,肺泡腔被白细胞充满并扩张为4分);(3)肺泡腔渗出物的量(包括纤维素、透明膜、水肿液和胎粪,无渗出物为0分,偶见渗出物为1分,清晰可见渗出物为2分,几乎充满渗出物为3分,肺泡腔被渗出物充满并扩张为4分)。每张切片取5个视野,计算平均值为病理评分。
将左肺组织用预冷的PBS漂洗2~3次,加入RIPA裂解液、Cocktail、PMSF、磷酸酶抑制剂混匀超声细胞破碎仪破碎,于冰上裂解30 min,4 ℃条件下,12 000 r/min离心15 min后收集上清液。BCA试剂盒定量后,取30 mg蛋白样品与上样缓冲液充分混匀,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳、转膜,5%脱脂奶粉室温摇床封闭1 h后,加入一抗p65(1:100)、p-p65(1:1000)、Drp-1(1:1000)、PGC-1α(1:1000)、GAPDH(1:1000),4 ℃孵育过夜,充分洗涤后,加入过氧化物酶标记的二抗(1:3000)室温孵育1 h,再次洗涤后,滴加ECL发光液进行曝光拍照。采用ImageJ软件进行分析,以GAPDH作为内参照分析相应蛋白量。上述实验重复3次。
将预先包埋好的石蜡组织置于切片机上连续切成4 μm厚的薄片,标记后放于60 ℃恒温箱中烤片30 min,随后进行脱蜡、抗原修复、内源性过氧化物酶阻断、血清封闭,加用一抗p65(1:100)、Drp-1(1:100)、PGC-1α(1:100),4 ℃孵育过夜,二抗室温孵育40 min,DAB染色后脱水、透明、封片。上述实验重复3次。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料符合正态分布,均以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
X线胸片显示,对照组肺纹理稍增多,支气管稍扩张,心影正常;模型组及SN50低、中、高浓度组肺纹理明显增多,部分可见肺叶存在高密度的弥漫云絮状阴影,心影缩小(图1A)。肺组织大体肉眼可见,对照组肺脏体积增大,局部水肿、出血;模型组及SN50低、中、高浓度组可见局灶性出血(图1B)。与对照组比较,模型组肺组织W/D明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低、中、高浓度组W/D降低(P<0.05),且SN50高浓度组W/D较SN50低、中浓度组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(图1C)。
HE染色可见,对照组肺泡腔增厚,肺泡壁及肺泡腔少许出血,炎性细胞散在浸润;模型组肺泡结构破坏,肺泡壁及肺泡腔内可见出血,并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润;而SN50低、中、高浓度组肺泡腔及肺泡壁炎性细胞浸润减少,出血、水肿减轻,肺泡结构增厚,且SN50高浓度组较SN50低浓度组病理损伤改善明显(图2A)。与对照组比较,模型组肺损伤病理评分升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,SN50低浓度组肺损伤病理评分下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SN50中、高浓度组肺损伤病理评分下降(P<0.05),且SN50高浓度组肺损伤病理评分明显低于SN50低、中浓度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2B)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组新生大鼠肺组织中p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低浓度组p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而SN50中、高浓度组p-p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平下降,PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组总p65蛋白未见明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图3)。
免疫组化结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组p65、Drp-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PGC-1α蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SN50低浓度组p65蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05),Drp-1、PGC-1α蛋白差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与模型组比较,SN50中、高浓度组Drp-1蛋白表达水平下降,PGC-1α蛋白表达水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4)。
MAS是新生儿期面对的呼吸系统主要临床问题之一,其发病机制尚不十分清楚。胎粪成分复杂,可导致患儿出现多种肺损伤病理生理变化[13]
NF-κB通路是胎粪吸入性肺炎氧化应激和炎症发展的主要信号通路之一,作为基因调控蛋白,NF-κB在肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、IL-8、黏附分子中具有结合位点,胎粪吸入可诱导大鼠肺部巨噬细胞等释放细胞因子,激活NF-κB,从而促进炎症的发生[14]。本研究发现,与对照组比较,模型组X线胸片、大体观可见局部炎症的发生,肺W/D及肺组织损伤病理评分升高均提示胎粪吸入可刺激新生大鼠发生肺炎,并使p65蛋白表达水平升高,提示胎粪吸入可刺激活化NF-κB通路。
线粒体对环境的生理适应和细胞应激反应至关重要,其功能障碍会改变细胞的生物能量学,阻碍肺部在受到损伤后的恢复[15-16]。线粒体自噬抑制剂Mdivi-1可抑制Drp-1寡聚化来阻断线粒体裂变,并减轻体外的氧化应激[17]。研究提示PGC-1α与NF-κB通路在血管炎症、内皮功能等方面具有一定的关系,PGC-1α敲除后可损害线粒体的生物发生,减少脂肪酸氧化,导致代谢紊乱,进而引发炎症和代谢性疾病[18]。本研究结果发现,胎粪吸入可激活NF-κB通路,并促进Drp-1蛋白的表达,抑制PGC-1α的表达,而在不同浓度SN50干预后p65、Drp-1表达下降,PGC-1α表达增加,肺损伤病理评分下降,提示SN50抑制NF-κB通路的抗炎作用可能在一定范围内呈剂量依赖性。
线粒体作为ROS和抗氧化剂的主要生产者,在炎症信号传导过程中发挥关键作用,如细胞凋亡、解毒、Ca2+缓冲等,已成为治疗多种疾病潜在的目标[19]。Drp-1与NF-κB通路联系紧密,沉默Drp-1可使p65的磷酸化减少,抑制NF-κB通路的活化,而通过敲低Drp-1或Mdivi-1处理抑制线粒体裂变后,可明显降低p65及其靶基因c-myc和细胞周期蛋白D1的核表达,进一步证实NF-κB与线粒体裂变之间存在紧密联系[20-21]。在炎症发生过程中,NF-κB可作为PGC-1α活性的潜在抑制因子,有研究发现,PGC-1α可通过位于共激活因子N末端的富含亮氨酸的LXXLL基序(L2和L3)与核受体结合,而NF-κB可竞争性与LXXLL基序结合调节p65活性,进一步刺激IL-6等相关炎性基因的表达[22];此外,NF-κB激活后可间接刺激蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB),而PGC-1α含有PKB磷酸化的共有结合位点,NF-κB表达上调后,PGC-1α与PKB磷酸化结合稳定性受到影响,从而使PGC-1α转录活性降低,氧化应激增加[23]
目前MAS缺乏特异性治疗,因此,探讨胎粪与NF-κB通路、氧化应激之间的联系对靶向治疗胎粪吸入性肺炎、改善呼吸系统功能,以及进一步缓解ALI及ARDS具有重要意义。本研究发现,胎粪吸入可诱导新生大鼠肺组织炎症,其机制可能与增强氧化应激、促进线粒体功能障碍、激活Drp-1/NF-κB信号通路、抑制PGC-1α蛋白表达有关,提示Drp-1、PGC-1α可能成为临床防治MAS的重要靶点。但由于MAS的发生发展机制与氧化应激的关系复杂,可涉及多个信号通路的调控,本研究仅对NF-κB通路及线粒体相关的Drp-1、PGC-1α进行探索,涉及的氧化应激炎症相关指标不足,且NF-κB作为基因调控蛋白,其下游的靶基因与Drp-1、PGC-1α之间的联系尚未明确,因而未能进一步阐述NF-κB与MAS炎症损伤的作用机制,未来仍需进一步深入研究。
  • 云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项项目(202001BA070001-079)
  • 大理市科技计划项目(2023KBG054)
  • 大理大学第一附属医院学科建设项目基金项目(DFYZD2022-09)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0907.2023.1106
  • 接收时间:2023-06-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-30
  • 录用日期:2023-08-21
基金
Joint Special Project on Basic Research for Local Undergraduate Universities in Yunnan Province(202001BA070001-079)
云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项项目(202001BA070001-079)
Dali Science and Technology Program Project(2023KBG054)
大理市科技计划项目(2023KBG054)
Funding of Discipline Construction Project Fund for the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University(DFYZD2022-09)
大理大学第一附属医院学科建设项目基金项目(DFYZD2022-09)
作者信息
    1大理大学临床医学院,云南大理白族自治州 671000
    2大理大学第一附属医院儿科暨云南省儿科疾病临床医学分中心,云南大理白族自治州 671000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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