Article(id=1199334726646460468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0296.2024.0126, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1678118400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1692288000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-08-18, onlineDate=1763873281394, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873281394, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873281394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873281394, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199334721185477563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873280092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874025072, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=371, endPage=379, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199334727611150401, articleId=1199334726646460468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Risk factors for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease: analysis of 50 230 cases from the UNOS database, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To compare the outcomes of transplant kidneys and patient survival between simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) recipients and deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) recipients in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and to analyze the risk factors affecting patient survival post-SPKT. Methods Clinical and prognostic data of patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 27, 2003, to January 1, 2021, were retrieved from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. A total of 50 230 cases were selected based on inclusion criteria, with 48 669 cases in DDKT group and 1561 cases in SPKT group. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to compare transplant kidney and patient survival between the two groups, and propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance confounding factors between the groups. Cox regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors affecting patient survival post-SPKT. Results Compared with DDKT group, recipients in SPKT group had a younger median age (P<0.001), a higher proportion of males (P<0.001), lower BMI (P<0.001), shorter dialysis and transplant waiting times (P<0.001), a higher percentage of private medical insurance (P<0.001), a lower proportion of previous transplants (P<0.001), a younger age at diabetes diagnosis (P<0.001), and a lower incidence of peripheral vascular disease (P=0.033). Compared with DDKT group, the donors in SPKT group had a younger median age (P<0.001), a higher proportion of males (P<0.001), lower BMI (P<0.001), and a lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes history (P<0.001). In terms of transplant-related factors, the SPKT group had a shorter donor kidney cold ischemia time (P<0.001), a higher degree of HLA mismatch (P<0.001), and a lower Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) (P<0.001) when compared with DDKT group. The SPKT group had lower serum creatinine levels at discharge (P<0.001), lower rates of postoperative delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR) (P<0.001), but longer hospital stays (P<0.001) when compared with DDKT group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis curves, both original and after propensity score matching (PSM), consistently showed significantly higher transplant kidney and patient survival rates in SPKT group compared with DDKT group (P<0.001). Cox regression model analysis indicated that recipient age, recipient race, donor age, and donor kidney cold ischemia time were independent risk factors influencing patient survival post-SPKT. Conclusions For ESRD patients with T2DM, SPKT offers improved long-term graft and patient survival rates compared with DDKT. Recipient age, recipient ethnicity, donor age, and cold ischemia time for the donor's kidney are independent risk factors affecting post-SPKT patient survival.

, correspAuthors=Ming Cai, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 比较2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并终末期肾病(ESRD)患者行同期胰肾联合移植(SPKT)或尸体肾移植(DDKT)后的移植肾及患者生存情况,并分析SPKT术后影响患者存活的危险因素。方法 获取美国器官资源共享网络(UNOS)数据库中2003年1月27日-2021年1月1日接受肾脏移植患者的临床及预后资料。根据纳入、排除标准最终纳入50 230例,其中DDKT组48 669例,SPKT组1561例。采用Kaplan-Meier法比较两组受者的移植肾及患者存活情况,并通过倾向性评分匹配(PSM)均衡组间混杂因素。采用Cox回归模型分析SPKT术后影响患者生存的独立危险因素。结果 与DDKT组比较,SPKT组受者的中位年龄小(P<0.001)、男性占比高(P<0.001)、BMI低(P<0.001)、透析时间和移植等待时间短(P<0.001)、私人医保占比高(P<0.001)、既往移植占比低(P<0.001)、糖尿病确诊年龄低(P<0.001)、外周血管病史少(P=0.033);与DDKT组比较,SPKT组供者的中位年龄小(P<0.001)、男性占比高(P<0.001)、BMI低(P<0.001)、高血压病史和糖尿病史少见(P<0.001);在移植相关因素上,与DDKT组比较,SPKT组的供肾冷缺血时间短(P<0.001)、HLA错配程度高(P<0.001)、KDPI低(P<0.001)。与DDKT组比较,SPKT组出院时血肌酐水平低(P<0.001)、术后移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)发生率和AR发生率低(P<0.001),住院时间长(P<0.001)。原始和PSM后的Kaplan-Meier生存分析曲线均显示SPKT组的移植肾和患者存活率明显高于DDKT组(P<0.001)。Cox回归模型分析显示,受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是影响SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT较DDKT的远期移植肾和患者存活率高。受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是影响SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素。

, correspAuthors=蔡明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
蔡明,E-mail:
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夏新泽,医学硕士,主要从事泌尿外科/肾移植方面的研究

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夏新泽,医学硕士,主要从事泌尿外科/肾移植方面的研究

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figureFileBig=lD9+zWA/oHnO2/ku+PlPYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334733927772640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两组患者术后Kaplan-Meier生存曲线

DDKT. 尸体肾移植;SPKT. 同期胰肾联合移植

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DDKT. 尸体肾移植;SPKT. 同期胰肾联合移植

, figureFileSmall=XoRwqTbhtacYGrmlbXzPcw==, figureFileBig=SF29o6jSfUpTTT8Ko6/h1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334734305260019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of clinical characteristics between SPKT group and DDKT group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标DDKT组(n=48 669)SPKT组(n=1561)P
受者相关
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]60.0(53.0, 66.0)48.0(41.0, 53.0)<0.001
男性[例(%)]32 050(65.9)1140(73.0)<0.001
种族[例(%)]0.190
白人16 859(34.6)502(32.2)
黑人17 021(35.0)574(36.8)
西班牙裔9821(20.2)328(21.0)
亚裔3410(7.0)115(7.4)
其他1558(3.2)42(2.7)
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]29.9(26.3, 33.5)26.7(24.0, 29.1)<0.001
透析时间[年, M(Q1, Q3)]3.8(2.1, 5.7)1.9(1.1, 3.2)<0.001
移植等待时间(年, M(Q1, Q3)]1.7(0.6, 3.3)0.4(0.1, 1.0)<0.001
私人医保[例(%)]9648(19.8)559(35.8)<0.001
术前PRA[%, M(Q1, Q3)]0(0, 24.0)0(0, 7.0)<0.001
既往移植[例(%)]3669(7.5)35(2.2)<0.001
糖尿病确诊年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]40.0(30.0, 48.0)26.0(20.0, 33.0)<0.001
终末期肾病病因[例(%)]<0.001
糖尿病37 952(78.0)1428(91.5)
高血压肾病4660(9.6)92(5.9)
多囊肾791(1.6)3(0.2)
肾小球疾病1810(3.7)10(0.6)
其他3456(7.1)28(1.8)
外周血管病史[例(%)]7509(15.4)228(14.6)0.033
供者相关
年龄(岁, M(Q1, Q3)]44.0(31.0, 54.0)23.0(19.0, 31.0)<0.001
男性[例(%)]29 170(59.9)1076(68.9)<0.001
种族[例(%)]<0.001
白人33 429(68.7)918(58.8)
黑人6846(14.1)318(20.4)
西班牙裔6357(13.1)249(16.0)
亚裔1212(2.5)37(2.4)
其他825(1.7)39(2.5)
BMI(kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]27.3(23.6, 32.0)23.9(21.2, 26.6)<0.001
死因[例(%)]<0.001
颅脑外伤13 959(28.7)908(58.2)
脑血管病16 054(33.0)190(12.2)
缺氧17 105(35.1)431(27.6)
其他1551(3.2)32(2.0)
高血压病史[例(%)]16 557(34.0)81(5.2)<0.001
糖尿病病史[例(%)]4439(9.1)2(0.1)<0.001
移植相关因素
供肾冷缺血时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]17.3(12.0, 23.0)10.0(7.2, 13.3)<0.001
HLA错配水平[A, B, DR; M(Q1, Q3)]4.0(3.5, 5.0)5.0(4.0, 6.0)<0.001
KDPI[M(Q1, Q3)]0.5(0.3, 0.7)0.1(0.1, 0.3)<0.001
胰腺移植物胰液引流方式[例(%)]-
肠引流-1429(91.6)
膀胱引流-63(4.0)
缺失/其他-69(4.4)
移植年份[例(%)]<0.001
2003/1/27-2008/12/316739(13.8)233(14.9)
2009/1/1-2014/12/3116 995(34.9)440(28.2)
2015/1/1-2020/12/3124 935(51.2)888(56.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1199334734414311929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SPKT组与DDKT组临床资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标DDKT组(n=48 669)SPKT组(n=1561)P
受者相关
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]60.0(53.0, 66.0)48.0(41.0, 53.0)<0.001
男性[例(%)]32 050(65.9)1140(73.0)<0.001
种族[例(%)]0.190
白人16 859(34.6)502(32.2)
黑人17 021(35.0)574(36.8)
西班牙裔9821(20.2)328(21.0)
亚裔3410(7.0)115(7.4)
其他1558(3.2)42(2.7)
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]29.9(26.3, 33.5)26.7(24.0, 29.1)<0.001
透析时间[年, M(Q1, Q3)]3.8(2.1, 5.7)1.9(1.1, 3.2)<0.001
移植等待时间(年, M(Q1, Q3)]1.7(0.6, 3.3)0.4(0.1, 1.0)<0.001
私人医保[例(%)]9648(19.8)559(35.8)<0.001
术前PRA[%, M(Q1, Q3)]0(0, 24.0)0(0, 7.0)<0.001
既往移植[例(%)]3669(7.5)35(2.2)<0.001
糖尿病确诊年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]40.0(30.0, 48.0)26.0(20.0, 33.0)<0.001
终末期肾病病因[例(%)]<0.001
糖尿病37 952(78.0)1428(91.5)
高血压肾病4660(9.6)92(5.9)
多囊肾791(1.6)3(0.2)
肾小球疾病1810(3.7)10(0.6)
其他3456(7.1)28(1.8)
外周血管病史[例(%)]7509(15.4)228(14.6)0.033
供者相关
年龄(岁, M(Q1, Q3)]44.0(31.0, 54.0)23.0(19.0, 31.0)<0.001
男性[例(%)]29 170(59.9)1076(68.9)<0.001
种族[例(%)]<0.001
白人33 429(68.7)918(58.8)
黑人6846(14.1)318(20.4)
西班牙裔6357(13.1)249(16.0)
亚裔1212(2.5)37(2.4)
其他825(1.7)39(2.5)
BMI(kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]27.3(23.6, 32.0)23.9(21.2, 26.6)<0.001
死因[例(%)]<0.001
颅脑外伤13 959(28.7)908(58.2)
脑血管病16 054(33.0)190(12.2)
缺氧17 105(35.1)431(27.6)
其他1551(3.2)32(2.0)
高血压病史[例(%)]16 557(34.0)81(5.2)<0.001
糖尿病病史[例(%)]4439(9.1)2(0.1)<0.001
移植相关因素
供肾冷缺血时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]17.3(12.0, 23.0)10.0(7.2, 13.3)<0.001
HLA错配水平[A, B, DR; M(Q1, Q3)]4.0(3.5, 5.0)5.0(4.0, 6.0)<0.001
KDPI[M(Q1, Q3)]0.5(0.3, 0.7)0.1(0.1, 0.3)<0.001
胰腺移植物胰液引流方式[例(%)]-
肠引流-1429(91.6)
膀胱引流-63(4.0)
缺失/其他-69(4.4)
移植年份[例(%)]<0.001
2003/1/27-2008/12/316739(13.8)233(14.9)
2009/1/1-2014/12/3116 995(34.9)440(28.2)
2015/1/1-2020/12/3124 935(51.2)888(56.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1199334735550968313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of postoperative outcomes between SPKT group and DDKT group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标DDKT组(n=48 669)SPKT组(n=1561)P
随访时间[(年, M(Q1, Q3)]3.0(1.0, 6.0)3.0(1.0, 7.0)0.010
移植时血肌酐[(mg/dl, M(Q1, Q3)]7.3(5.5, 9.4)7.3(5.4, 9.4)0.925
出院时血肌酐[(mg/dl, M(Q1, Q3)]3.3(1.8, 5.8)1.4(1.0, 2.0)<0.001
PNF[例(%)]1997(4.1)56(3.6)0.343
DGF[例(%)]16156(33.2)163(10.4)<0.001
AR[例(%)]3359(6.9)24(1.5)<0.001
住院时间[d, M(Q1, Q3)]5.0(4.0, 8.0)8.0(6.0, 12.0)<0.001
诱导期免疫抑制剂[例(%)]
T细胞依赖性抗体34 222(70.3)1288(82.5)<0.001
IL-2Ra10 616(21.8)67(4.3)<0.001
其他849(1.7)17(1.1)0.063
维持期免疫抑制剂[例(%)]
环孢霉素A1592(3.3)17(1.1)<0.001
他克莫司26469(54.4)1059(67.8)<0.001
麦考酚酸类31840(65.4)1212(77.6)<0.001
西罗莫司靶蛋白(mToR)抑制剂1082(2.2)37(2.4)0.764
其他492(1.0)3(0.2)0.002
受者死因[例(%)]n=11 360n=1920.012
心脑血管疾病2612(23.0)38(19.8)
感染1894(16.7)19(9.9)
肿瘤733(6.5)10(5.2)
缺失/其他6121(53.9)125(65.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1199334735722934782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SPKT组与DDKT组术后指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标DDKT组(n=48 669)SPKT组(n=1561)P
随访时间[(年, M(Q1, Q3)]3.0(1.0, 6.0)3.0(1.0, 7.0)0.010
移植时血肌酐[(mg/dl, M(Q1, Q3)]7.3(5.5, 9.4)7.3(5.4, 9.4)0.925
出院时血肌酐[(mg/dl, M(Q1, Q3)]3.3(1.8, 5.8)1.4(1.0, 2.0)<0.001
PNF[例(%)]1997(4.1)56(3.6)0.343
DGF[例(%)]16156(33.2)163(10.4)<0.001
AR[例(%)]3359(6.9)24(1.5)<0.001
住院时间[d, M(Q1, Q3)]5.0(4.0, 8.0)8.0(6.0, 12.0)<0.001
诱导期免疫抑制剂[例(%)]
T细胞依赖性抗体34 222(70.3)1288(82.5)<0.001
IL-2Ra10 616(21.8)67(4.3)<0.001
其他849(1.7)17(1.1)0.063
维持期免疫抑制剂[例(%)]
环孢霉素A1592(3.3)17(1.1)<0.001
他克莫司26469(54.4)1059(67.8)<0.001
麦考酚酸类31840(65.4)1212(77.6)<0.001
西罗莫司靶蛋白(mToR)抑制剂1082(2.2)37(2.4)0.764
其他492(1.0)3(0.2)0.002
受者死因[例(%)]n=11 360n=1920.012
心脑血管疾病2612(23.0)38(19.8)
感染1894(16.7)19(9.9)
肿瘤733(6.5)10(5.2)
缺失/其他6121(53.9)125(65.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1199334735831986690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Survival rate of patients/kidney/pancreas after transplantation (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标DDKT组SPKT组P
术后1年
患者存活率94.195.10.159
移植肾存活率91.293.50.006
移植胰腺存活率-88.5-
术后3年
患者存活率85.991.9<0.001
移植肾存活率81.388.1<0.001
移植胰腺存活率-82.2-
术后5年
患者存活率74.488.6<0.001
移植肾存活率69.082.0<0.001
移植胰腺存活率-76.8-
术后10年
患者存活率41.268.9<0.001
移植肾存活率35.859.3<0.001
移植胰腺存活率-56.4-
术后15年
患者存活率14.943.60.008
移植肾存活率11.441.60.004
移植胰腺存活率-38.8-
), ArticleFig(id=1199334735962010118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

移植术后不同时间人/肾/胰腺存活率(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标DDKT组SPKT组P
术后1年
患者存活率94.195.10.159
移植肾存活率91.293.50.006
移植胰腺存活率-88.5-
术后3年
患者存活率85.991.9<0.001
移植肾存活率81.388.1<0.001
移植胰腺存活率-82.2-
术后5年
患者存活率74.488.6<0.001
移植肾存活率69.082.0<0.001
移植胰腺存活率-76.8-
术后10年
患者存活率41.268.9<0.001
移植肾存活率35.859.3<0.001
移植胰腺存活率-56.4-
术后15年
患者存活率14.943.60.008
移植肾存活率11.441.60.004
移植胰腺存活率-38.8-
), ArticleFig(id=1199334736071062024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of variables between SPKT group and DDKT group before and after matching

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标匹配前匹配后
DDKT组(n=48 669)SPKT组(n=1561)PDDKT组(n=1307)SPKT组(n=1307)P
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]60.0(53.0, 66.0)48.0(41.0, 53.0)<0.00148.0(41.0, 55.0)49.0(43.0, 54.0)0.886
受者性别[男, 例(%)]32 050(65.9)1140(73.0)<0.001951(72.8)959(73.4)0.758
受者种族[例(%)]0.1901
白人16 859(34.6)502(32.2)409(31.3)409(31.3)
黑人17 021(35.0)574(36.8)506(38.7)506(38.7)
西班牙裔9821(20.2)328(21.0)273(20.9)273(20.9)
亚裔3410(7.0)115(7.4)93(7.1)93(7.1)
其他1558(3.2)42(2.7)26(2.0)26(2.0)
受者BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]29.9(26.3, 33.5)26.7(24.0, 29.1)<0.00126.7(23.4, 30.3)27.0(24.4, 29.2)0.819
移植史[例(%)]3669(7.5)35(2.2)<0.00127(2.1)30(2.3)0.789
供者性别[男, 例(%)]29 170(59.9)1076(68.9)<0.001870(66.6)883(67.6)0.618
供肾冷缺血时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]17.3(12.0, 23.0)10.0(7.2, 13.3)<0.00110.0(6.9, 14.1)10.2(7.5, 14.0)0.134
HLA错配水平[A, B, DR; M(Q1, Q3)]4.0(3.5, 5.0)5.0(4.0, 6.0)<0.0015.0(4.0, 6.0)5.0(4.0, 5.0)0.616
), ArticleFig(id=1199334736201085453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

SPKT组与DDKT组变量匹配前后比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标匹配前匹配后
DDKT组(n=48 669)SPKT组(n=1561)PDDKT组(n=1307)SPKT组(n=1307)P
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]60.0(53.0, 66.0)48.0(41.0, 53.0)<0.00148.0(41.0, 55.0)49.0(43.0, 54.0)0.886
受者性别[男, 例(%)]32 050(65.9)1140(73.0)<0.001951(72.8)959(73.4)0.758
受者种族[例(%)]0.1901
白人16 859(34.6)502(32.2)409(31.3)409(31.3)
黑人17 021(35.0)574(36.8)506(38.7)506(38.7)
西班牙裔9821(20.2)328(21.0)273(20.9)273(20.9)
亚裔3410(7.0)115(7.4)93(7.1)93(7.1)
其他1558(3.2)42(2.7)26(2.0)26(2.0)
受者BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]29.9(26.3, 33.5)26.7(24.0, 29.1)<0.00126.7(23.4, 30.3)27.0(24.4, 29.2)0.819
移植史[例(%)]3669(7.5)35(2.2)<0.00127(2.1)30(2.3)0.789
供者性别[男, 例(%)]29 170(59.9)1076(68.9)<0.001870(66.6)883(67.6)0.618
供肾冷缺血时间[h, M(Q1, Q3)]17.3(12.0, 23.0)10.0(7.2, 13.3)<0.00110.0(6.9, 14.1)10.2(7.5, 14.0)0.134
HLA错配水平[A, B, DR; M(Q1, Q3)]4.0(3.5, 5.0)5.0(4.0, 6.0)<0.0015.0(4.0, 6.0)5.0(4.0, 5.0)0.616
), ArticleFig(id=1199334736326914576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Analysis of risk factors for survival in postoperative SPKT patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
受者年龄(>50岁 vs. ≤50岁)1.57(1.21~2.03)0.0011.76(1.31~2.36)<0.001
受者性别(男性 vs. 女性)0.95(0.71~1.26)0.708
受者BMI (>30 kg/m2 vs. ≤30 kg/m2)1.09(0.77~1.53)0.642
受者种族(白人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.59(1.08~2.33)0.0191.78(1.16~2.73)0.008
受者种族(黑人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.58(1.06~2.40)0.0251.73(1.12~2.69)0.014
受者种族(亚裔 vs. 西班牙裔)1.10(0.54~2.23)0.7891.22(0.58~2.60)0.601
透析时间(>6月 vs. ≤6月)1.87(0.92~3.79)0.083
移植等待时间(>3月 vs. ≤3月)0.86(0.66~1.13)0.277
私人医保(是 vs. 否)1.04(0.80~1.36)0.759
PRA(>30% vs. ≤30%)0.96(0.65~1.43)0.854
移植史(是 vs. 否)1.96(1.07~3.59)0.0301.83(0.89~3.76)0.099
糖尿病确诊年龄(>20岁 vs. ≤20岁)1.38(0.96~1.99)0.084
受者外周血管病史(是 vs. 否)1.96(1.07~3.59)0.0300.86(0.55~1.34)0.502
供者年龄(>30岁 vs. ≤30岁)1.39(1.06~1.83)0.0191.40(1.03~1.91)0.031
供者性别(男性 vs. 女性)1.16(0.87~1.53)0.318
供者BMI(>30 kg/m2 vs. ≤30 kg/m2)0.93(0.56~1.54)0.769
供者种族(白人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.46(0.97~2.18)0.067
供者种族(黑人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.20(0.74~1.93)0.458
供者种族(亚裔 vs. 西班牙裔)1.34(0.61~2.96)0.464
供者死因(颅脑创伤 vs. 其他死因)0.93(0.71~1.21)0.593
供者高血压病史(是 vs. 否)1.34(0.78~2.30)0.292
供肾冷缺血时间(>24 h vs. ≤24 h)2.85(1.34~6.06)0.0062.95(1.37~6.35)0.006
HLA错配数(>3 vs. ≤3)0.94(0.84~1.06)0.321
胰液引流方式(膀胱引流 vs. 肠引流)1.28(0.75~2.21)0.367
移植年份(2015年前vs. 2015年及以后)1.39(0.96~2.01)0.077
), ArticleFig(id=1199334736456938004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334726646460468, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

SPKT术后患者存活的危险因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
受者年龄(>50岁 vs. ≤50岁)1.57(1.21~2.03)0.0011.76(1.31~2.36)<0.001
受者性别(男性 vs. 女性)0.95(0.71~1.26)0.708
受者BMI (>30 kg/m2 vs. ≤30 kg/m2)1.09(0.77~1.53)0.642
受者种族(白人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.59(1.08~2.33)0.0191.78(1.16~2.73)0.008
受者种族(黑人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.58(1.06~2.40)0.0251.73(1.12~2.69)0.014
受者种族(亚裔 vs. 西班牙裔)1.10(0.54~2.23)0.7891.22(0.58~2.60)0.601
透析时间(>6月 vs. ≤6月)1.87(0.92~3.79)0.083
移植等待时间(>3月 vs. ≤3月)0.86(0.66~1.13)0.277
私人医保(是 vs. 否)1.04(0.80~1.36)0.759
PRA(>30% vs. ≤30%)0.96(0.65~1.43)0.854
移植史(是 vs. 否)1.96(1.07~3.59)0.0301.83(0.89~3.76)0.099
糖尿病确诊年龄(>20岁 vs. ≤20岁)1.38(0.96~1.99)0.084
受者外周血管病史(是 vs. 否)1.96(1.07~3.59)0.0300.86(0.55~1.34)0.502
供者年龄(>30岁 vs. ≤30岁)1.39(1.06~1.83)0.0191.40(1.03~1.91)0.031
供者性别(男性 vs. 女性)1.16(0.87~1.53)0.318
供者BMI(>30 kg/m2 vs. ≤30 kg/m2)0.93(0.56~1.54)0.769
供者种族(白人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.46(0.97~2.18)0.067
供者种族(黑人 vs. 西班牙裔)1.20(0.74~1.93)0.458
供者种族(亚裔 vs. 西班牙裔)1.34(0.61~2.96)0.464
供者死因(颅脑创伤 vs. 其他死因)0.93(0.71~1.21)0.593
供者高血压病史(是 vs. 否)1.34(0.78~2.30)0.292
供肾冷缺血时间(>24 h vs. ≤24 h)2.85(1.34~6.06)0.0062.95(1.37~6.35)0.006
HLA错配数(>3 vs. ≤3)0.94(0.84~1.06)0.321
胰液引流方式(膀胱引流 vs. 肠引流)1.28(0.75~2.21)0.367
移植年份(2015年前vs. 2015年及以后)1.39(0.96~2.01)0.077
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2型糖尿病合并终末期肾病患者同期胰肾联合移植术后危险因素:UNOS数据库50 230例分析
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夏新泽 1, 2 , 赖文辉 2 , 黄帅 2 , 安哲昆 1 , 郝晓伟 2 , 吕凯凯 2 , 罗振君 2 , 袁清 2 , 蔡明 1, 2, 3, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(4): 371-379
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(4): 371-379
2型糖尿病合并终末期肾病患者同期胰肾联合移植术后危险因素:UNOS数据库50 230例分析
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夏新泽1, 2, 赖文辉2, 黄帅2, 安哲昆1, 郝晓伟2, 吕凯凯2, 罗振君2, 袁清2, 蔡明1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学第二临床医学院,山西太原 030001
  • 2解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科医学部,北京 100039
  • 3浙江大学医学院附属第二医院泌尿外科,浙江杭州 310009
  • 夏新泽,医学硕士,主要从事泌尿外科/肾移植方面的研究

通讯作者:

蔡明,E-mail:
Risk factors for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease: analysis of 50 230 cases from the UNOS database
Xin-Ze Xia1, 2, Wen-Hui Lai2, Shuai Huang2, Zhe-Kun An1, Xiao-Wei Hao2, Kai-Kai Lyu2, Zhen-Jun Luo2, Qing Yuan2, Ming Cai1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Second School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
  • 2Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 3Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0296.2024.0126
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目的 比较2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并终末期肾病(ESRD)患者行同期胰肾联合移植(SPKT)或尸体肾移植(DDKT)后的移植肾及患者生存情况,并分析SPKT术后影响患者存活的危险因素。方法 获取美国器官资源共享网络(UNOS)数据库中2003年1月27日-2021年1月1日接受肾脏移植患者的临床及预后资料。根据纳入、排除标准最终纳入50 230例,其中DDKT组48 669例,SPKT组1561例。采用Kaplan-Meier法比较两组受者的移植肾及患者存活情况,并通过倾向性评分匹配(PSM)均衡组间混杂因素。采用Cox回归模型分析SPKT术后影响患者生存的独立危险因素。结果 与DDKT组比较,SPKT组受者的中位年龄小(P<0.001)、男性占比高(P<0.001)、BMI低(P<0.001)、透析时间和移植等待时间短(P<0.001)、私人医保占比高(P<0.001)、既往移植占比低(P<0.001)、糖尿病确诊年龄低(P<0.001)、外周血管病史少(P=0.033);与DDKT组比较,SPKT组供者的中位年龄小(P<0.001)、男性占比高(P<0.001)、BMI低(P<0.001)、高血压病史和糖尿病史少见(P<0.001);在移植相关因素上,与DDKT组比较,SPKT组的供肾冷缺血时间短(P<0.001)、HLA错配程度高(P<0.001)、KDPI低(P<0.001)。与DDKT组比较,SPKT组出院时血肌酐水平低(P<0.001)、术后移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)发生率和AR发生率低(P<0.001),住院时间长(P<0.001)。原始和PSM后的Kaplan-Meier生存分析曲线均显示SPKT组的移植肾和患者存活率明显高于DDKT组(P<0.001)。Cox回归模型分析显示,受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是影响SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT较DDKT的远期移植肾和患者存活率高。受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是影响SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素。

肾移植  /  同期胰肾联合移植  /  倾向性评分匹配  /  生存分析  /  预后因素

Objective To compare the outcomes of transplant kidneys and patient survival between simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) recipients and deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) recipients in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and to analyze the risk factors affecting patient survival post-SPKT. Methods Clinical and prognostic data of patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 27, 2003, to January 1, 2021, were retrieved from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. A total of 50 230 cases were selected based on inclusion criteria, with 48 669 cases in DDKT group and 1561 cases in SPKT group. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to compare transplant kidney and patient survival between the two groups, and propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance confounding factors between the groups. Cox regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors affecting patient survival post-SPKT. Results Compared with DDKT group, recipients in SPKT group had a younger median age (P<0.001), a higher proportion of males (P<0.001), lower BMI (P<0.001), shorter dialysis and transplant waiting times (P<0.001), a higher percentage of private medical insurance (P<0.001), a lower proportion of previous transplants (P<0.001), a younger age at diabetes diagnosis (P<0.001), and a lower incidence of peripheral vascular disease (P=0.033). Compared with DDKT group, the donors in SPKT group had a younger median age (P<0.001), a higher proportion of males (P<0.001), lower BMI (P<0.001), and a lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes history (P<0.001). In terms of transplant-related factors, the SPKT group had a shorter donor kidney cold ischemia time (P<0.001), a higher degree of HLA mismatch (P<0.001), and a lower Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) (P<0.001) when compared with DDKT group. The SPKT group had lower serum creatinine levels at discharge (P<0.001), lower rates of postoperative delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR) (P<0.001), but longer hospital stays (P<0.001) when compared with DDKT group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis curves, both original and after propensity score matching (PSM), consistently showed significantly higher transplant kidney and patient survival rates in SPKT group compared with DDKT group (P<0.001). Cox regression model analysis indicated that recipient age, recipient race, donor age, and donor kidney cold ischemia time were independent risk factors influencing patient survival post-SPKT. Conclusions For ESRD patients with T2DM, SPKT offers improved long-term graft and patient survival rates compared with DDKT. Recipient age, recipient ethnicity, donor age, and cold ischemia time for the donor's kidney are independent risk factors affecting post-SPKT patient survival.

kidney transplant  /  simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant  /  propensity score matching  /  survival analysis  /  prognostic factors
夏新泽, 赖文辉, 黄帅, 安哲昆, 郝晓伟, 吕凯凯, 罗振君, 袁清, 蔡明. 2型糖尿病合并终末期肾病患者同期胰肾联合移植术后危险因素:UNOS数据库50 230例分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (4) : 371 -379 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0296.2024.0126
Xin-Ze Xia, Wen-Hui Lai, Shuai Huang, Zhe-Kun An, Xiao-Wei Hao, Kai-Kai Lyu, Zhen-Jun Luo, Qing Yuan, Ming Cai. Risk factors for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease: analysis of 50 230 cases from the UNOS database[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (4) : 371 -379 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0296.2024.0126
随着外科技术的改进和新型免疫抑制剂的应用[1-2],接受同期胰肾联合移植(simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant,SPKT)的糖尿病合并终末期肾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)患者不断增多[3]。SPKT最早出现于1966年[4],仅需一次手术即可同时纠正胰岛素分泌不足和尿毒症,该术式可明显改善1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)合并ESRD患者的肾移植预后[5-7],目前已成为T1DM合并ESRD外科治疗的金标准。由于2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者同时存在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素相对不足[8-9],因此是否应该在T2DM合并ESRD受者中推广SPKT仍然存在争议[10-11]。既往对于T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT的研究多局限于单中心、小样本,且随访时间短,缺乏多中心、大样本、长期随访的研究[12]。目前,中国T2DM患病率不断增高[13],而T2DM是ESRD的主要病因[14-15],对于此类潜在的T2DM合并ESRD患者,有必要探讨不同治疗方式的预后情况,并关注术后影响患者存活的危险因素。本研究在T2DM合并ESRD患者中比较SPKT与尸体肾移植(deceased donor kidney transplant,DDKT)的移植肾和患者生存情况,并分析SPKT术后影响患者存活的危险因素,旨在进一步明确T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT治疗的预后情况。
本研究为回顾性队列研究,数据来源于美国器官资源共享网络(United Network for Organ Sharing,UNOS)2021年6月发布的肾-胰腺移植数据库(KIDPAN DATA),该数据库记录了2003年1月27日以来美国发生的所有肾移植/胰腺移植事件的相关数据。UNOS数据为公共数据库,在线审查后获得使用数据库的许可,已获得伦理豁免。数据库中共有6种与糖尿病有关的状态:无糖尿病、T1DM、T2DM、其他分型、未知分型及糖尿病状态未知。对于移植术式的定义共5种:肾移植(无胰腺移植)、肾移植后胰腺移植(pancreas after kidney,PAK)、胰腺单独移植(pancreas transplant alone,PTA)、肾移植合并胰腺移植(两次手术)及SPKT。纳入标准:(1)手术日期2003年1月27日-2021年1月1日;(2)术式为肾移植或SPKT;(3)合并T2DM。排除标准:(1)活体肾移植;(2)双肾移植;(3)非SPKT的多器官移植;(4)ABO血型不兼容。最终共纳入50 230例T2DM受者,根据术式不同将患者分为DDKT组(n=48 669)与SPKT组(n=1561)。随访数据截至2021年6月。
获取两组受者的临床资料,包括年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI),人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)错配数,术前群体反应性抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)、供者肾脏概况指数(kidney donor profile index,KDPI)等数据;记录受者术后移植肾功能恢复延迟(delayed graft function,DGF)、移植肾原发性无功能(primary non-function,PNF)和急性排斥反应(acute rejection,AR)等症状的发生率及住院时间等预后情况;比较两组受者的移植肾和患者存活情况,并分析SPKT术后影响患者生存的危险因素。
采用R 4.2.2软件进行统计分析。计量资料服从正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布者以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;对于样本量(n)<40的变量,组间比较采用Fisher精确检验。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行生存分析,使用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)消除两组患者的基线差异带来的影响,组间存活率的比较采用log-rank检验。由于缺失数据很少而样本量大,在进行生存分析和PSM建模时,将存在缺失值的变量进行整行删除。采用Cox比例风险模型分析SPKT术后影响患者存活的危险因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
与DDKT组比较,SPKT组受者的中位年龄小(P<0.001)、男性占比高(P<0.001)、BMI低(P<0.001)、透析时间和移植等待时间短(P<0.001)、私人医保占比高(P<0.001)、既往移植占比低(P<0.001)、糖尿病确诊年龄低(P<0.001)、外周血管病史少(P=0.033);SPKT组供者的中位年龄小(P<0.001)、男性占比高(P<0.001)、BMI低(P<0.001)、高血压病史和糖尿病史少见(P<0.001);在移植相关因素上,SPKT组的供肾冷缺血时间短(P<0.001)、HLA错配程度高(P<0.001)、KDPI低(P<0.001)。由于纳入的患者来自美国241个移植中心,因此,SPKT术后的胰液引流方式并不相同,其中肠引流1429例(91.6%),膀胱引流63例(4.0%),缺失或其他69例(4.4%)。此外,随着时间发展,2型糖尿病患者行SPKT的数量逐渐增加(表1)。
与DDKT组比较,SPKT组出院时血肌酐水平低(P<0.001)、术后DGF发生率和AR发生率低(P<0.001),但住院时间延长(P<0.001)。与DDKT组比较,SPKT组术后诱导期免疫抑制剂常用T细胞依赖性抗体(P<0.001),维持期用药多为他克莫司(P<0.001)和麦考酚酸类(P<0.001)。两组患者术后最常见的死因均为心脑血管疾病(表2)。
DDKT组患者平均随访时间为3.89年,中位随访时间为3.01年,最长随访时间为17.61年,中位生存时间为8.69年;而SPKT组患者平均随访时间为4.36年,中位随访时间为3.05年,最长随访时间为16.08年,中位生存时间为13.73年。Log-rank检验显示,SPKT组患者的长期存活率及移植肾存活率均明显高于DDKT组(P<0.001)(图1)。SPKT组术后3、5、10、15年的患者存活率以及术后1、3、5、10、15年的移植肾存活率均高于DDKT组(P<0.01,表3)。
由于DDKT组与SPKT组的患者例数差距过大,且SPKT组受者通常拥有更好的基线特征,为了排除基线偏倚造成的影响,采用PSM筛选出数量相同且基线差异小的患者进行亚组生存分析。根据受者的年龄、性别、种族、受者BMI、移植史、供者性别、供肾冷缺血时间、HLA错配水平进行1∶1的PSM。变量中受者种族采用精确匹配,其余变量采用临近匹配,匹配容差为0.05。PSM后,两组各有1307例患者纳入分析,匹配变量在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表4)。对匹配后的亚组进行生存分析,Log-rank检验显示,PSM后的SPKT组患者存活率与移植肾存活率仍明显优于DDKT组(P<0.001,图2)。
单因素Cox回归模型分析显示,受者年龄(P=0.001)、受者种族(P=0.019)、移植史(P=0.030)、受者外周血管病史(P=0.030)、供者年龄(P=0.019)、供肾冷缺血时间(P=0.006)是影响SPKT术后患者存活的危险因素,将以上有差异的变量纳入多因素Cox回归模型分析,结果显示,受者年龄>50岁(P<0.001)、供者年龄>30岁(P=0.031),供肾冷缺血时间>24 h(P=0.006)提示预后较差;与西班牙裔相比,白人受者(P=0.008)和黑人受者(P=0.014)的预后较差,提示受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素(表5)。
目前,采用SPKT治疗的患者多为T1DM合并ESRD,但从降低病死率和改善生存质量的角度看,符合标准的T2DM合并ESRD的患者也应接受SPKT 。Fu等[12]发现,T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT术后的代谢指标和肾功能均优于DDKT,但术后3年的Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示两组受者的移植肾和患者存活率无明显差异。而本研究通过构建随访时间更长的回顾性队列,发现T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT术后的移植肾和患者远期存活率均高于DDKT组(P<0.01)。
与DDKT组比较,本研究中SPKT组的患者通常拥有更好的基线特征,这可能与受者的选择标准有关[16]。SPKT受者的选择标准因移植中心而异,部分中心要求空腹C肽<10 ng/ml,BMI<32 kg/m2,胰岛素使用时间>5年,每日胰岛素需求量<1 U/(kg.d),血糖控制不稳定,年龄<60岁[17]。本研究Cox回归分析显示,仅受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素,因此,对于SPKT受者过高的选择标准是不必要的[18]。在采用PSM法校正基线差异后,SPKT组患者的生存与移植肾存活仍明显优于DDKT组,这种差异可能源于胰腺移植,既往研究发现胰腺移植后的代谢改善可以保护移植肾,防止糖尿病肾病复发[19]
本研究中SPKT术中胰腺外分泌液的处理方式多为肠引流,其次为膀胱引流,Cox回归分析结果显示两种引流方式预后并无明显差异。虽然膀胱引流术后可通过尿淀粉酶监测排异反应的发生,但继发的各种泌尿系统并发症会导致10%~24%的患者转为肠引流[20-22]。在纳入的包含亚裔在内的多个种族中,Cox回归模型分析结果显示,与西班牙裔相比,白人和黑人的预后较差,而亚裔患者的预后则无明显差异,这与既往研究的T1DM人群SPKT预后结果相似[23]。对于不同区域的亚裔人群,可能会因生活方式、遗传背景和文化等差异而在器官移植方面存在独特的风险和预后[24]。但本研究纳入的受者来源为美国境内数百家移植中心,并非单中心研究,纳入的亚裔受者不仅来自美国境内的50个州或地区,还包含医疗旅游人群,在纳入的115例亚裔受者中美国公民99例、外籍居民(有绿卡)6例、外籍非居民(无绿卡)7例、医疗旅游3例,故笔者认为该结论对其他地区的亚裔人群仍有一定参考价值。
T2DM患者的治疗方案包括饮食、锻炼、改变生活方式、口服降糖药、胰岛素以及减肥手术等[25],但当糖尿病肾病发展为终末期肾病时,通常需要进行肾脏替代治疗,此时,仅需一次手术即可同时纠正胰岛素分泌不足和尿毒症症状,并使患者免于透析困扰的SPKT术式是一个不错的选择。T2DM肾移植受者行SPKT的一个争议点在于,其疗效是否优于单独进行肾移植。合并T2DM的ESRD患者如果能够通过药物联合治疗长期维持血糖水平,单独进行肾移植也可免除透析带来的困扰[26-27]。但SPKT是一个较安全的术式[28],对患者的生活质量改善较好[29],术后患者1年存活率可超过95%,明显高于其他T2DM非移植治疗患者,且得益于器官分配政策,与DDKT组相比,本研究中SPKT组移植等待时间通常更短[30]。由于供体来源及手术适应证等问题,实际T2DM患者接受SPKT移植的概率相当低。在为等待肾源的T2DM合并ESRD患者选择手术方式时,建议临床医师选择SPKT术式来改善患者的预后及生存质量。
T2DM肾移植受者行SPKT的另一个争议点在于受者选择标准中BMI的临界值。根据美国不同移植中心的偏好和UNOS的建议,通常对BMI<30 kg/m2的患者行SPKT[31],国内指南对于行SPKT的T2DM受者要求是BMI<30 kg/m2[32],而中国糖尿病患者的平均BMI为25 kg/m2[33],低于本研究中受者的平均BMI(26.60 kg/m2),因此SPKT有希望在中国合并T2DM的ESRD患者中推广。
本研究的优点是样本量大,随访时间长,并采用严格的PSM使混杂因素和选择性偏倚最小化,组间可比性提高;且本研究仅关注SPKT与DDKT的差异,纳入患者的肾脏来源均为尸体捐献,因而消除了潜在的混杂因素。但本研究也存在不足之处:由于数据库登记信息的局限性,某些具有临床意义的变量并未被记录,如术后血糖控制情况等[5];此外,为了保证足够的患者数量进行分析,部分因素未列为PSM的协变量(如供者的年龄和种族)。本研究纳入的亚裔患者数量仍然较少,未来可前瞻性收集数据以评估中国人群中T2DM合并ESRD患者行SPKT的预后情况。
综上所述,对于合并ESRD的T2DM患者,与DDKT相比,SPKT能带来更好的远期移植肾和患者存活率。受者年龄、受者种族、供者年龄和供肾冷缺血时间是影响SPKT术后患者存活的独立危险因素。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81770745)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2009300)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2009304)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3602905)
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2024年第49卷第4期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0296.2024.0126
  • 接收时间:2023-03-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-07
  • 录用日期:2023-08-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770745)
国家自然科学基金(81770745)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2009300)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2009300)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2009304)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2009304)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3602905)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3602905)
作者信息
    1山西医科大学第二临床医学院,山西太原 030001
    2解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科医学部,北京 100039
    3浙江大学医学院附属第二医院泌尿外科,浙江杭州 310009

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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