Article(id=1199334724935189027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2540.2023.1012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1670256000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1680796800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-04-07, onlineDate=1763873280985, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873280985, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873280985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873280985, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199334721185477563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873280092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874025072, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=459, endPage=467, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199334725186847270, articleId=1199334724935189027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Expression, prognostic relevance of P4HB in glioblastoma and its biological effects on tumor cells, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase β‑polypeptide (P4HB) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on clinical prognosis, as well as on the proliferation and migration of U87 cells. Methods (1) According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, GTEx database and GEPIA2 database, the difference expression of P4HB in GBM and normal brain tissues were analyzed by R software. (2) A total of 52 patients with GBM who underwent surgical treatment from February 2017 to December 2019 were collected from Department of Neurosurgery, the Second People's Hospital of Guiyang. The normal brain tissues of 10 patients were selected as controls. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of P4HB in tumor tissues and normal tissues. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was employed for survival analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive valuable of P4HB expression in survival rate of GBM. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the expression of P4HB and related clinicopathological factors affecting the survival and prognosis of the patients. (3) Human GBM U87 cells were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, NC-siRNA group and P4HB-siRNA group. P4HB expression was interfered with by the transfection of siRNA in P4HB-siRNA group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the content of P4HB mRNA in U87 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence assay were used to analyze the effects of P4HB on the proliferation of U87 cells. Scratch test was used to analyze the effects of P4HB on cell migration. Results The expression of P4HB was significantly upregulated in GBM tissues compared with normal brain tissues (P<0.05). The γδ T cells (r=-0.227) and follicular helper T cells (r=-0.226) were negatively correlated with the expression of P4HB, while natural killer cell (r=0.417), macrophages (r=0.374), neutrophils (r=0.344), and immature dendritic cells (r=0.263) were positively correlated with the expression of P4HB. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the progression-free survival and disease-specific survival of GBM patients with high P4HB expression were significantly lower than those with low expression (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of P4HB in predicting overall survival rate of GBM patients was 0.982, and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival was 0.655, 0.724, 0.861, respectively. The immunohistochemistry results suggested that P4HB protein was significantly highly expressed in GBM tumors. Survival analysis indicated that high expression of P4HB was associated with bad prognosis in GBM patients (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of P4HB and TERT promoter mutations were the independent prognostic risk factors for GBM (P<0.05). Compared with control group and NC-siRNA group, the expression levels of P4HB were decreased significantly after transfected with siRNA in U87 cells of P4HB-siRNA group (P<0.01), and the proliferation ability and the wound healing rate were decreased significantly in P4HB-siRNA group (P<0.001). Conclusions P4HB is significantly highly expressed in GBM, which indicates that the prognosis of patients is poor. Knockout of P4HB could inhibit cellular proliferation and migration of GBM U87 cells. P4HB may be used as the relevant predictive marker and potential therapeutic target in GBM.

, correspAuthors=Zhen Wu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽(P4HB)在多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)中的表达及其对临床预后和肿瘤细胞增殖与迁移的影响。方法 (1)根据癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)、GTEx数据库和GEPIA2数据库,应用R软件分析P4HB基因在GBM与正常脑组织的表达差异。(2)选取2017年2月-2019年12月在贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科接受手术治疗的52例GBM肿瘤标本,另选取10例正常脑组织作为对照。应用免疫组织化学方法检测GMB组织和正常脑组织中P4HB的表达水平。采用log-rank检验的Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析P4HB对GBM患者生存率的预测价值。采用Cox回归模型分析P4HB表达水平及相关临床病理因素与患者预后的关系。(3)将人源性GBM U87细胞随机分为对照组、NC-siRNA组和P4HB-siRNA组。P4HB-siRNA组转染siRNA干扰P4HB表达。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测U87细胞中P4HB mRNA含量;CCK-8法和免疫荧光染色检测P4HB对U87细胞增殖活力的影响;划痕实验检测P4HB对U87细胞迁移能力的影响。结果 与正常脑组织比较,P4HB在GBM组织中表达明显上调(P<0.05);γδ T细胞(r=-0.227)和滤泡辅助性T细胞(r=-0.226)与P4HB表达呈负相关,而自然杀伤(NK)细胞(r=0.417)、巨噬细胞(r=0.374)、中性粒细胞(r=0.344)和未成熟树突状细胞(r=0.263)与P4HB表达呈正相关。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,P4HB高表达组GBM患者中位生存期和中位疾病特异生存期均短于低表达组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,P4HB预测GBM患者总生存率的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.982,预测其1、3、5年生存率的AUC分别为0.655、0.724和0.861。免疫组化结果显示,P4HB蛋白在GBM组织中呈高表达。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,P4HB高表达和TERT启动子突变是GBM患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。与对照组和NC-siRNA组比较,P4HB-siRNA组U87细胞转染siRNA后P4HB表达减少(P<0.01),细胞增殖能力和细胞划痕愈合率降低(P<0.001)。结论 P4HB在GBM中高表达并提示患者预后不良;敲除P4HB可抑制GBM U87细胞的增殖和迁移。P4HB可能成为GBM的相关预测标志物和潜在治疗靶点。

, correspAuthors=吴震, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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黄冠又,博士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事颅脑肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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黄冠又,博士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事颅脑肿瘤的基础与临床研究

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TPM. 每百万条转录本的基因表达量;P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;T. 肿瘤组织;N. 正常组织;A. P4HB基因表达量:B. P4HB相对表达水平

, figureFileSmall=85sWng9zvIQk55BSm0PZXg==, figureFileBig=CxFR+nMtH0PgpTzToTBW+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334732396856153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Expression of P4HB in GBM and normal brain tissues in GEPIA2 database (based on GEPIA2 database), figureFileSmall=udUdHWCtCEPvNaE//PtNJA==, figureFileBig=UOKZirRbRTWjqEK6azeE+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334732522685276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=CN, label=图2, caption=P4HB在GBM组织和正常脑组织中的表达情况比较(基于GEPIA2数据库)

P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;T. GBM肿瘤组织;N. 正常脑组织;A. 外廓图;B. 箱形图;*P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=udUdHWCtCEPvNaE//PtNJA==, figureFileBig=UOKZirRbRTWjqEK6azeE+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334732665291616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Correlation analysis of P4HB expression level and immune cell infiltration in GBM, figureFileSmall=W/O9OvCjgc0KM5o2M1jDsA==, figureFileBig=z3XBjQpGGp/uvJuSYpLddg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334732791120742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=CN, label=图3, caption=P4HB基因表达水平与GBM免疫细胞浸润的相关性分析

GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;A. P4HB表达与24种免疫细胞浸润的相关性;B. P4HB表达与6种免疫细胞浸润的相关性分析

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P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;A. 中位总生存期(OS)比较;B. 中位疾病特异生存期(DSS)比较

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P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;A. P4HB表达水平用于GBM诊断;B. P4HB表达水平预测GBM患者1年、3年和5年生存率

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GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;A. P4HB在GBM中表达阳性(可见棕黄色或褐色颗粒),在正常脑组织中表达阴性;B. 不同P4HB表达水平GBM患者的总生存期、无进展生存期比较

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GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;A. 免疫荧光染色检测;B. qRT-PCR检测;**P<0.01;***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=AszvGSpl5KQpbMwYOMB5Tw==, figureFileBig=bKht0txABNEUrE2LNbLMIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334733730644871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The effect of silencing P4HB on proliferation and migration ability of GBM U87 cells, figureFileSmall=pRRVw9AG3ULTO5PTVFKT3w==, figureFileBig=vYcdNX0MQ+1742ToqtV41Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334733814530954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=CN, label=图8, caption=敲除P4HB对GBM U87细胞增殖和迁移能力的影响

GBM. 多形性胶质母细胞瘤;P4HB. 脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽;A. 细胞划痕实验;B. CCK-8法检测;***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=pRRVw9AG3ULTO5PTVFKT3w==, figureFileBig=vYcdNX0MQ+1742ToqtV41Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334733927777165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Cox regression analysis on influence factors of the overall survival of 52 GBM patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目单因素分析多因素分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
P4HB表达水平2.314(1.312~4.081)0.0032.126(1.155~3.914)0.015
肿瘤切除程度2.217(1.112~4.421)0.0241.318(0.607~2.865)0.485
MGMT甲基化0.488(0.271~0.877)0.0160.530(0.277~1.013)0.055
IDH突变0.544(0.309~0.959)0.0350.438(0.230~0.836)0.012
TERT启动子突变1.950(1.117~3.406)0.0192.360(1.286~4.329)0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1199334733990691728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334724935189027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

52例GBM患者总生存期影响因素的Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目单因素分析多因素分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
P4HB表达水平2.314(1.312~4.081)0.0032.126(1.155~3.914)0.015
肿瘤切除程度2.217(1.112~4.421)0.0241.318(0.607~2.865)0.485
MGMT甲基化0.488(0.271~0.877)0.0160.530(0.277~1.013)0.055
IDH突变0.544(0.309~0.959)0.0350.438(0.230~0.836)0.012
TERT启动子突变1.950(1.117~3.406)0.0192.360(1.286~4.329)0.006
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P4HB在胶质母细胞瘤中的表达及其对临床预后和肿瘤细胞增殖与迁移的影响
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黄冠又 1 , 侯小红 1 , 葛学成 1 , 甘鸿川 1 , 郝淑煜 2 , 吴震 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(4): 459-467
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(4): 459-467
P4HB在胶质母细胞瘤中的表达及其对临床预后和肿瘤细胞增殖与迁移的影响
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黄冠又1, 侯小红1, 葛学成1, 甘鸿川1, 郝淑煜2, 吴震2, *
作者信息
  • 1贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科,贵州贵阳 550081
  • 2首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科,北京 100070
  • 黄冠又,博士研究生,副主任医师,主要从事颅脑肿瘤的基础与临床研究

通讯作者:

吴震,E-mail:
Expression, prognostic relevance of P4HB in glioblastoma and its biological effects on tumor cells
Guan-You Huang1, Xiao-Hong Hou1, Xue-Cheng Ge1, Hong-Chuan Gan1, Shu-Yu Hao2, Zhen Wu2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, the Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
  • 2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2540.2023.1012
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目的 探讨脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽(P4HB)在多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)中的表达及其对临床预后和肿瘤细胞增殖与迁移的影响。方法 (1)根据癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)、GTEx数据库和GEPIA2数据库,应用R软件分析P4HB基因在GBM与正常脑组织的表达差异。(2)选取2017年2月-2019年12月在贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科接受手术治疗的52例GBM肿瘤标本,另选取10例正常脑组织作为对照。应用免疫组织化学方法检测GMB组织和正常脑组织中P4HB的表达水平。采用log-rank检验的Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析P4HB对GBM患者生存率的预测价值。采用Cox回归模型分析P4HB表达水平及相关临床病理因素与患者预后的关系。(3)将人源性GBM U87细胞随机分为对照组、NC-siRNA组和P4HB-siRNA组。P4HB-siRNA组转染siRNA干扰P4HB表达。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测U87细胞中P4HB mRNA含量;CCK-8法和免疫荧光染色检测P4HB对U87细胞增殖活力的影响;划痕实验检测P4HB对U87细胞迁移能力的影响。结果 与正常脑组织比较,P4HB在GBM组织中表达明显上调(P<0.05);γδ T细胞(r=-0.227)和滤泡辅助性T细胞(r=-0.226)与P4HB表达呈负相关,而自然杀伤(NK)细胞(r=0.417)、巨噬细胞(r=0.374)、中性粒细胞(r=0.344)和未成熟树突状细胞(r=0.263)与P4HB表达呈正相关。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,P4HB高表达组GBM患者中位生存期和中位疾病特异生存期均短于低表达组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,P4HB预测GBM患者总生存率的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.982,预测其1、3、5年生存率的AUC分别为0.655、0.724和0.861。免疫组化结果显示,P4HB蛋白在GBM组织中呈高表达。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,P4HB高表达和TERT启动子突变是GBM患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。与对照组和NC-siRNA组比较,P4HB-siRNA组U87细胞转染siRNA后P4HB表达减少(P<0.01),细胞增殖能力和细胞划痕愈合率降低(P<0.001)。结论 P4HB在GBM中高表达并提示患者预后不良;敲除P4HB可抑制GBM U87细胞的增殖和迁移。P4HB可能成为GBM的相关预测标志物和潜在治疗靶点。

脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽  /  胶质母细胞瘤  /  预后  /  增殖  /  迁移

Objective To investigate the expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase β‑polypeptide (P4HB) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on clinical prognosis, as well as on the proliferation and migration of U87 cells. Methods (1) According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, GTEx database and GEPIA2 database, the difference expression of P4HB in GBM and normal brain tissues were analyzed by R software. (2) A total of 52 patients with GBM who underwent surgical treatment from February 2017 to December 2019 were collected from Department of Neurosurgery, the Second People's Hospital of Guiyang. The normal brain tissues of 10 patients were selected as controls. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of P4HB in tumor tissues and normal tissues. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was employed for survival analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive valuable of P4HB expression in survival rate of GBM. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the expression of P4HB and related clinicopathological factors affecting the survival and prognosis of the patients. (3) Human GBM U87 cells were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, NC-siRNA group and P4HB-siRNA group. P4HB expression was interfered with by the transfection of siRNA in P4HB-siRNA group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the content of P4HB mRNA in U87 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence assay were used to analyze the effects of P4HB on the proliferation of U87 cells. Scratch test was used to analyze the effects of P4HB on cell migration. Results The expression of P4HB was significantly upregulated in GBM tissues compared with normal brain tissues (P<0.05). The γδ T cells (r=-0.227) and follicular helper T cells (r=-0.226) were negatively correlated with the expression of P4HB, while natural killer cell (r=0.417), macrophages (r=0.374), neutrophils (r=0.344), and immature dendritic cells (r=0.263) were positively correlated with the expression of P4HB. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the progression-free survival and disease-specific survival of GBM patients with high P4HB expression were significantly lower than those with low expression (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of P4HB in predicting overall survival rate of GBM patients was 0.982, and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival was 0.655, 0.724, 0.861, respectively. The immunohistochemistry results suggested that P4HB protein was significantly highly expressed in GBM tumors. Survival analysis indicated that high expression of P4HB was associated with bad prognosis in GBM patients (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of P4HB and TERT promoter mutations were the independent prognostic risk factors for GBM (P<0.05). Compared with control group and NC-siRNA group, the expression levels of P4HB were decreased significantly after transfected with siRNA in U87 cells of P4HB-siRNA group (P<0.01), and the proliferation ability and the wound healing rate were decreased significantly in P4HB-siRNA group (P<0.001). Conclusions P4HB is significantly highly expressed in GBM, which indicates that the prognosis of patients is poor. Knockout of P4HB could inhibit cellular proliferation and migration of GBM U87 cells. P4HB may be used as the relevant predictive marker and potential therapeutic target in GBM.

P4HB  /  glioblastoma  /  prognosis  /  proliferation  /  migration
黄冠又, 侯小红, 葛学成, 甘鸿川, 郝淑煜, 吴震. P4HB在胶质母细胞瘤中的表达及其对临床预后和肿瘤细胞增殖与迁移的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (4) : 459 -467 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2540.2023.1012
Guan-You Huang, Xiao-Hong Hou, Xue-Cheng Ge, Hong-Chuan Gan, Shu-Yu Hao, Zhen Wu. Expression, prognostic relevance of P4HB in glioblastoma and its biological effects on tumor cells[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (4) : 459 -467 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2540.2023.1012
多形性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)是发病率和恶性程度均较高的成人中枢神经系统原发肿瘤,多位于幕上大脑半球,呈浸润性生长,患者生存期普遍较短[1-2]。GBM的标准治疗方法为手术切除,并辅以放化疗;其中替莫唑胺(temozolomid,TMZ)作为一种新型烷化剂,是目前用于GBM化学治疗的一线用药[3]。经TMZ治疗后,患者中位生存期有所延长,但耐药性和肿瘤复发仍较为多见。内质网应激相关未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)是GBM发生TMZ耐药的主要机制[4]。脯氨酸4-羟化酶β多肽(prolyl 4-hydroxylase β-polypeptide,P4HB)是一种与UPR和TMZ耐药相关的内质网伴侣蛋白,在多种恶性肿瘤中表达上调,并与肿瘤进展和预后相关[5]。P4HB在GBM中的表达情况和预后价值研究较少,在GBM中的细胞生物学作用尚不清楚。本研究采用生物信息学方法探讨P4HB在GBM中的表达情况,及其在促进GBM肿瘤发展过程中的作用。
利用基因表达谱交互式分析GEPIA2数据库(http://gepia2.cancer-pku.cn/#index)比较癌症基因图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中GBM组织(163例)与GTEx数据库中正常脑组织(207例)中P4HB的表达差异。从TCGA数据库获取的胶质瘤基因表达谱数据中选取GBM患者174例的临床资料,纳入标准:(1)有完整的临床和基因表达数据;(2)病理结果为GBM。对TCGA数据库中基因表达水平的标准化通过对FPKM值以2为底(log2)取对数实现。使用R软件(4.1.3)包中GSVA中ssGSEA算法富集24种常见免疫细胞类型,采用Spearman检验分析P4HB表达水平与免疫细胞浸润的关系。
选取2017年2月-2019年12月在贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科行手术治疗的52例GBM患者的临床资料和肿瘤标本,另选取10例正常脑组织作为对照。应用免疫组化法检测GBM和正常脑组织中P4HB的表达水平。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,进行总生存期(overall survial,OS)和疾病特异生存期(disease specific survival,DSS)分析。应用R语言包timeROC绘制P4HB基因与GBM生存率的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析P4HB对GBM患者生存率的预测价值。采用Cox回归模型分析P4HB表达水平及相关临床病理因素与患者预后的关系。本研究经贵阳市第二人民医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:202153)。
本组GBM 52例采用门诊复查和电话随访,随访时间4.36~7.34年。所有患者手术后均采用标准Stupp放化疗方案,全组患者均因肿瘤复发死亡。计算无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)和OS。PFS为手术切除肿瘤至肿瘤出现继发性生长、进展、复发或死亡的时间;OS为手术后至死亡的时间。
将石蜡切片进行脱蜡水化后,置于柠檬酸修复液(pH 6.0)中修复,3%过氧化氢封闭20 min阻断内源性过氧化物酶,PBS清洗玻片3次×5 min。4 ℃下与P4HB抗体(Abcam,稀释1:200)孵育过夜。室温孵育二抗1 h,3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)显色3 min,蒸馏水冲洗终止显色。苏木精复染1 min,流水返蓝10 min,中性树脂封片,显微镜下拍照。结果判断:阳性染色以细胞膜或细胞质中出现褐色或棕黄色颗粒为准,高倍镜(×400)下随机选取3个视野计数阳性表达细胞数。蛋白表达强度的评判标准:(1)阳性细胞数所占百分比记分,<10%记0分,10%~25%记1分,26%~50%记2分,51%~75%记3分,>75%记4分;(2)阳性染色强度,无染色记0分,轻度染色记1分,中度染色记2分,强阳性染色记3分。两者积分相乘的分值范围0~12分,0~2分为阴性(低表达),≥3分为阳性(高表达)。
人源性GBM U87细胞系购自中科院上海细胞库。将U87细胞培养后随机分为对照组(空白对照)、NC-siRNA组和 P4HB-siRNA组。P4HB-siRNA组U87细胞转染siRNA干扰P4HB的表达。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测GBM U87细胞中P4HB含量;CCK-8法和免疫荧光染色检测P4HB对U87细胞增殖活力的影响;划痕实验检测P4HB对U87细胞迁移能力的影响。
U87细胞复苏和培养采用含10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素-链霉素的DMEM培养基,于37 ℃、5%CO2培养箱培养。接种适量U87细胞至6孔板中,当细胞正常生长且融合度达60%~70%即进行转染。将U87细胞分为空白对照组(未转染)、阴性对照组(转染NC-siRNA)、P4HB-siRNA组(转染P4HB-siRNA)。P4HB-siRNA正义链,5'-GGAAGACGAUGAUCAGAAA-3',反义链,5'-GAGGAAGACGAUGAUCAGAAAGC-3';NC-siRNA正义链,5'-CCAAGAGUGUGUCUGACUA-3',反义链,5'-GCCCAAGAGUGUGUCUGACUAUG-3'(广州锐博生物科技有限公司合成)。
根据Trizol法,用RNA提取试剂盒提取各组U87细胞的总RNA,以RNA为模板反转录成cDNA后进行qPCR操作。qPCR反应条件:95℃ 5 min,95℃ 10 s,60℃ 30 s,共40个循环,β-actin为内参。P4HB上游引物序列为5'-GCAGAGTCCTTGGTGGAGTC-3',下游引物序列为5'-GAACTCGATGACAAGGGGCA-3',扩增285 bp。β-actin上游引物序列为5'-TGGCACCCAGCACAATGAA-3',下游引物序列为5'-CTAAGTCATAGTCCGCCTAGAAGCA-3',扩增186 bp。采用2-ΔΔCt法计算P4HB mRNA相对表达量,重复检测3次。
各组细胞转染24 h后,将单细胞悬液按每孔100 μl加入96孔培养板(每组不少于5个复孔),37 ℃、5% CO2培养24 h。按不同时间节点从培养箱中取出培养板,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8工作液。再次放回培养箱孵育1~2 h,采用酶标仪测定450 nm处的吸光度。
24孔板中接种不同细胞密度,培养48 h,使细胞融合度达到30%~60%。细胞转染后,用预热的500 μl PBS洗涤细胞2次,加入4%多聚甲醛溶液,室温固定15 min,0.5% TritonX-100 PBS室温下通透20 min,PBS洗涤3次。1%胎牛血清封闭1 h,配制一抗P4HB,加入一抗覆盖细胞,4 ℃过夜。次日PBS洗涤3次,吸尽洗涤液后加入稀释的荧光二抗,孵育1 h。滴加DAPI避光孵育5 min,对标本进行染核,PBS洗去多余的DAPI,拍照。
取对数生长状态良好的各组细胞,接种于24孔板中(1×105个细胞每孔),过夜细胞能铺满。第2天用枪头垂直于背后的横线划痕,用PBS洗细胞3次,去除划下的细胞,加入无血清培养基。37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养。分别于0、6、12、24 h取样,拍照。
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,GraphPad Prism 8.0软件作图。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。采用log-rank检验的Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归模型分析P4HB对GBM患者生存的影响。ROC曲线分析P4HB在GBM诊断中的价值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
GEPIA2数据库分析结果显示,在33种癌症组织中,15种癌症组织P4HB基因呈高表达(图1);GBM组织中P4HB表达水平明显高于正常脑组织(P<0.05,图2)。
采用ssGSEA算法分析GBM组织中24种免疫细胞的浸润情况,结果显示,gamma-delta T细胞(Tgd)(r=-0.227,P<0.01)和滤泡辅助性T细胞(TFH)(r=-0.226,P<0.01)与P4HB表达水平呈负相关,而自然杀伤(NK)细胞(r=0.417,P<0.001)、巨噬细胞(r=0.374,P<0.001)、中性粒细胞(r=0.344,P<0.001)和未成熟树突状细胞(r=0.263,P<0.001)与P4HB表达水平呈明显正相关(图3)。
Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,P4HB高表达组的生存率低于P4HB低表达组,P4HB高表达和P4HB低表达组中位生存期分别为12.0个月和15.3个月(P=0.013),中位疾病特异生存期(DSS)分别为12.1个月和16.9个月(P=0.007,图4)。
ROC曲线分析显示,P4HB表达在GBM诊断中具有预测价值,其AUC为0.982(图5A);P4HB预测GBM患者1年、3年和5年生存率的AUC分别为0.655、0.724和0.861(图5B)。
免疫组化检测结果显示,GBM组织中P4HB蛋白主要表达于细胞膜和细胞质,胞质中可见棕黄色或褐色颗粒,而正常脑组织中P4HB表达呈阴性(图6A)。生存曲线分析显示,与P4HB低表达组比较,P4HB高表达组患者总生存期明显缩短(HR=2.314,95%CI 1.312~4.081,P=0.003),中位无进展生存期(PFS)也明显缩短(HR=2.616,95%CI 1.449~4.723,P=0.001,图6B)。
将P4HB表达水平、肿瘤切除程度、O6甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)甲基化、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)突变和端粒酶反转录酶基因(TERT)启动子突变纳入单因素分析,结果显示,以上均为GBM患者生存预后的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Cox分析结果显示,P4HB表达水平和TERT启动子突变是GBM患者生存预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05),IDH突变是生存预后的保护性因素(P<0.05,表1)。
免疫荧光染色检测结果显示,siRNA作用24 h后,可敲除P4HB的表达。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,与对照组和NC-siRNA组比较,P4HB-siRNA组U87细胞中P4HB mRNA含量明显降低(P<0.001,P<0.01,图7)。细胞划痕实验结果显示,与对照组和NC-siRNA组比较,P4HB-siRNA组U87细胞划痕愈合率明显降低(P<0.001)。CCK-8法检测结果显示,与对照组和NC-siRNA组比较,P4HB-siRNA组U87细胞转染siRNA后4 d,细胞增殖能力明显下降(P<0.001,图8)。
P4HB作为蛋白质二硫键异构酶(protein disulphide isomerase,PDI)家族的关键成员,在UPR中起着伴侣介导作用,可调节内质网应激反应,类似于UPR的标志物葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)[6]。P4HB在调节细胞增殖、凋亡和免疫方面有重要作用,并与DNA损伤修复和恶性肿瘤化疗耐药有关[7-8]。研究显示,P4HB在恶性胶质瘤中表达升高,可促进肿瘤进展,与不良预后相关[9]。Sun等[10]研究显示,P4HB高表达可导致GBM对TMZ耐药,且在复发的GBM中P4HB表达较高,而抑制P4HB可通过内质网应激反应降低GBM对TMZ的耐药性。另外,P4HB的高表达不仅与前列腺癌[11]、肾透明细胞癌[12]、膀胱癌[5]等多种恶性肿瘤的不良预后相关,还能促进肝细胞癌[13]和胃癌[14]的侵袭、远处转移。有研究显示,抑制P4HB表达后肝细胞HepG2/ADR内上皮-间质转化(EMT)诱导神经钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白、Snail1蛋白及mRNA表达减少,而上皮细胞标志物E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达增高,提示P4HB可通过促进EMT发生诱导肝癌细胞体外转移[15]
本研究生物信息学分析结果显示,P4HB在GBM中的表达水平明显高于正常脑组织。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,P4HB高表达与患者不良预后明显相关,可较好地预测GBM患者的总生存率;通过对临床GBM样本进行免疫组化检测和多因素分析验证,P4HB表达水平是GBM患者预后的独立影响因素,提示其在GBM中可能起致癌作用。Sun等[9]也报道,恶性胶质瘤中P4HB表达明显高于正常脑组织,且随肿瘤病理分级增高呈上升趋势,在GBM中P4HB表达水平最高,在TMZ治疗后复发的恶性胶质瘤中表达水平更高;Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,P4HB高表达伴MGMT非甲基化的患者容易出现TMZ耐药,预后较差,提示P4HB可能与TMZ耐药形成有关,也提示P4HB对于恶性胶质瘤患者生存期的预测作用。本研究免疫细胞浸润分析结果显示,在GBM中P4HB表达水平与NK细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞及未成熟树突状细胞等多种免疫细胞浸润相关,其中NK细胞与P4HB呈正相关且相关程度较高;提示P4HB可能通过影响GBM的免疫微环境导致肿瘤的进展。NK细胞在GBM肿瘤微环境中所占比例相对较低,但在GBM中,其显示出较其他肿瘤更大的肿瘤杀伤性。提高GBM微环境中NK细胞浸润及增强其杀伤能力可作为GBM潜在的治疗措施[16]。综上,P4HB在GBM的发生、发展中起重要作用,可作为一个潜在的GBM预后预测因子;同时,联合P4HB的靶向免疫治疗可能成为GBM治疗新的方向。
为了验证相关数据库分析结果,本研究进一步进行细胞功能实验来检测P4HB对GBM肿瘤增殖和迁移能力的影响,结果显示,敲除GBM U87细胞中P4HB的表达后,细胞的增殖、迁移能力明显低于对照组,提示P4HB可参与GBM的发生和发展,其高表达可促进U87细胞的增殖和迁移。类似研究显示,在膀胱癌细胞中P4HB表达水平较高,沉默P4HB能够抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖和侵袭,而且该基因还参与核苷酸代谢、自噬调节和内质网应激反应,提示P4HB可能与膀胱癌的发生和进展相关[17]。还有研究显示,P4HB对缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)具有调节作用,过表达PH4B可逆转HIF1α对胃癌细胞增殖、侵袭和转移的抑制作用[14]。Sun等[4]报道,P4HB可通过调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路诱导恶性胶质瘤增殖、侵袭、迁移和血管形成。这为进一步研究P4HB在GBM中的致癌作用机制提供了依据,有助于推动P4HB用于GBM的早期诊断及预后。
本研究不足之处在于,只针对P4HB对GBM U87细胞的作用进行研究,未验证P4HB对其他类型GBM细胞的侵袭和迁移是否具有相同调控能力;另外,本研究只局限于体外实验,无法确定体内环境对于P4HB生物活性的影响。
综上所述,P4HB可能在GBM的发生和发展中起重要作用,P4HB高表达与GBM的免疫细胞浸润相关;敲除P4HB能抑制GBM细胞的增殖和迁移,提示P4HB可能成为GBM治疗的潜在靶点,但相关的作用机制尚待进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81802683)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81872052)
  • 贵州省卫健委科学技术基金(gzwkj2022-348)
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2024年第49卷第4期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2540.2023.1012
  • 接收时间:2022-12-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-06
  • 录用日期:2023-04-07
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802683)
国家自然科学基金(81802683)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872052)
国家自然科学基金(81872052)
Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission(gzwkj2022-348)
贵州省卫健委科学技术基金(gzwkj2022-348)
作者信息
    1贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科,贵州贵阳 550081
    2首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科,北京 100070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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