Article(id=1199334722364076993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1821.2023.0411, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1661875200000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1666195200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-10-20, onlineDate=1763873280373, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873280373, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873280373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873280373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199334721185477563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873280092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874025072, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=387, endPage=395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199334723475567557, articleId=1199334722364076993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The prognostic significance and biological effects of CYP27A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the prognostic significance and biological effects of cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 (CYP27A1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to preliminarily explore its molecular mechanism of regulating the malignant growth of HCC. Methods The Cance Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression level of CYP27A1 and its prognostic effect on HCC patients. The samples were divided into CYP27A1 high-expression group (n=170) and low-expression group (n=170) based on the median expression of CYP27A1 in HCC, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate gene sets associated with CYP27A1 expression. The subcellular localization of CYP27A1 was detected by immunofluorescence staining and search database. The over-expression plasmid of CYP27A1 was constructed and then transfected into the HCC cells MHCC-97H and HCCLM3 cell lines, including two groups, namely control group (transfecting empty vector) and CYP27A1 over-expression group (transfecting CYP27A1 over-expressed vector). CCK-8, flow cytometer, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence probe were applied to detect the effects of CYP27A1 over-expression on cell viability, apoptosis and ROS levels in HCC cells. Combining bioinformatics to analyze the correlation between CYP27A1 and the expression of ROS generation-related genes and HCC proliferation-related genes. Results Compared with the normal liver tissue, the expression level of CYP27A1 mRNA in HCC tissue was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The expression of CYP27A1 was significantly correlated with sex, T stage, tumor grade and tumor stage of HCC patients (P<0.05). Compared to the CYP27A1 high-expression group, patients in CYP27A1 low-expression group had lower survival rate (P<0.01). GSEA enrichment analysis revealed that the levels of HCC stem cell-related gene clusters and HCC proliferation gene clusters were remarkably increased in CYP27A1 low-expression group. The immunofluorescence showed that CYP27A1 was mainly located in nucleus in MHCC-97H and HCCLM3, whereas CYP27A1 was mainly located in mitochondria in HepG2. CYP27A1 over-expression attenuated cell viability (P<0.01), and reduced the ROS levels (P<0.05), whereas it had no effects on the apoptosis in HCC cells (P>0.05). The expression of CYP27A1 and the expression of inhibiting ROS generation-related genes were positively correlated (P<0.05), while the expression of inhibiting ROS generation-related genes and the expression of HCC proliferation-related genes were negatively correlated (P<0.05). Conclusions The expression of CYP27A1 was decreased in HCC, and down-regulated CYP27A1 promoted cell growth by enhancing ROS generation, although the precise mechanism requires future educidation.

, correspAuthors=Ming Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 分析细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1(CYP27A1)对肝细胞癌(HCC)预后的影响及生物学作用,并初步探讨其影响HCC生长的分子机制。方法 基于癌症基因数据库(TCGA)分析CYP27A1在HCC中的表达情况及其与HCC患者预后的关系;基于CYP27A1表达量中位值,将样本分为CYP27A1高表达组(n=170)与CYP27A1低表达组(n=170),利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)分别对两组进行基因集富集分析;免疫荧光染色检测及数据库查找CYP27A1蛋白亚细胞定位;构建过表达CYP27A1质粒,转染HCC细胞MHCC-97H和HCCLM3,设置阴性对照组(转染空载质粒)与CYP27A1过表达组(转染过表达CYP27A1重组质粒)。采用CCK-8法、流式细胞仪、活性氧(ROS)荧光探针等检测过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞活力、凋亡及ROS生成的影响;结合生物信息学分析CYP27A1与ROS生成相关基因及HCC增殖相关基因表达的相关性。结果 与正常肝组织比较,HCC组织中CYP27A1 mRNA表达量明显降低(P<0.01)。CYP27A1表达与HCC患者性别、T分期、肿瘤分级和肿瘤分期有关(P<0.05)。CYP27A1低表达组总生存率明显低于高表达组(P<0.01)。GSEA富集分析结果显示,CYP27A1低表达组HCC“干性”亚类和“增殖”亚类基因集水平升高。在MHCC-97H和HCCLM3细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于细胞核;在HepG2细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于线粒体。与阴性对照组比较,过表达CYP27A1后,HCC细胞活力下降(P<0.01)、ROS水平降低(P<0.05),而细胞凋亡水平无明显改变(P>0.05)。CYP27A1与抑制ROS生成相关基因表达呈正相关(P<0.05),抑制ROS生成相关基因与HCC增殖相关基因表达呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 CYP27A1在HCC中呈低表达,下调CYP27A1可能通过促进ROS生成促进HCC恶性生长。

, correspAuthors=刘铭, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘铭,E-mail:
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张昕彤,硕士研究生,主要从事医学遗传学方面的研究

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张昕彤,硕士研究生,主要从事医学遗传学方面的研究

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CYP27A1. 细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1;HCC. 肝细胞癌

, figureFileSmall=BcGXDC9Rneh7xOsQrLKTfg==, figureFileBig=7Cc0APKQvJk85aXJq0BbBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334729855103202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The GSEA findings of the c2 reference gene sets for the low-expression of CYP27A1 group (n=170), figureFileSmall=aLzxodO5cu6Eb+hcW1AvaQ==, figureFileBig=eFXX5cS1J9n8CfXrlzlS/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334730014486761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CYP27A1低表达组c2内参基因集的GSEA富集分析结果(n=170)

NES. 归一化富集分数;FDR. 错误发现率;CYP27A1. 细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1;HCC. 肝细胞癌;A. HCC“干性”亚类中上调的基因集;B. HCC“增殖”亚类中上调的基因集;C. HCC生存率下降相关基因集

, figureFileSmall=aLzxodO5cu6Eb+hcW1AvaQ==, figureFileBig=eFXX5cS1J9n8CfXrlzlS/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334730119344370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Subcellular localization of CYP27A1 in HCC cells, figureFileSmall=QOzsl1ABW7h88GbyTtjbkA==, figureFileBig=4w8wO7CTlkVsXhWTVH/PMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334730287116541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HCC细胞中CYP27A1的亚细胞定位

HCC. 肝细胞癌;CYP27A1. 细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1;MHCC-97H、HCCLM3、HepG2为肝癌细胞株

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HCC. 肝细胞癌;CYP27A1. 细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1;A. qRT-PCR检测CYP27A mRNA表达水平;B. Western blotting检测CYP27A1蛋白表达水平;与阴性对照组比较,(1)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=LMMEuElOOVa6E9/bBtDSjg==, figureFileBig=PchnL+NhbFokQcK3HhjLKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334730769461530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of CYP27A1 over-expression on cell viability, ROS level and apoptosis of HCC cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=a5fyuh7h5n/UX103nhoHFg==, figureFileBig=PkHwflns35XqSI90RX/y8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334730878513443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=图5, caption=过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞活力、ROS水平及细胞凋亡的影响(n=3)

HCC. 肝细胞癌;CYP27A1. 细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1;ROS. 活性氧;A. 过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞活力的影响;B. 过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞中ROS水平的影响;C. 过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞凋亡的影响;与阴性对照组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=a5fyuh7h5n/UX103nhoHFg==, figureFileBig=PkHwflns35XqSI90RX/y8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334730979176745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Correlation analysis between the expression of CYP27A1 and ROS generation-related genes, figureFileSmall=Ibb4pglm8v3Sk2qm6njtwA==, figureFileBig=y5ZkgV8PoUhyZXXW2AHqog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334731109200178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CYP27A1与调控ROS生成相关基因表达的相关性分析

ROS. 活性氧;CYP27A1. 细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1;A. 筛选与调控ROS生成相关的差异表达基因;B. CYP27A1表达与调控ROS生成相关基因的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=Ibb4pglm8v3Sk2qm6njtwA==, figureFileBig=y5ZkgV8PoUhyZXXW2AHqog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334731205669180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The analysis of protein-protein interaction and correlation between ROS-related genes and HCC proliferation-related genes, figureFileSmall=s0XGV2hgesAjX1P/bH5bTQ==, figureFileBig=fbtq6VuJkc5N9PYgu+RO+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199334731264389442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=图7, caption=ROS相关基因和HCC增殖相关基因的蛋白质互作及相关性分析

ROS. 活性氧;HCC. 肝细胞癌;A. 筛选与HCC增殖相关的差异表达基因;B. 抑制ROS生成基因与HCC增殖相关差异表达基因的蛋白质互作网络;C. 热图显示抑制ROS生成基因与HCC增殖相关基因表达的相关性;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

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Correlation of CYP27A1 expression with HCC patients' clinical pathological characteristics (n=340)

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临床病理特征例(%)CYP27A1 mRNA表达量($\bar{x}±s$)P
年龄(岁)0.3536
≤60165(48.5)8.677±1.431
>60175(51.5)8.828±1.559
性别<0.0001
232(68.2)8.976±1.368
108(31.8)8.278±1.653
T分期0.0149
T1+T2252(74.1)8.891±1.421
T3+T4+TX88(25.9)8.365±1.647
淋巴转移0.3358
N0238(70.0)8.807±1.449
N1+NX102(30.0)8.632±1.608
远处转移0.5656
M0243(71.5)8.780±1.480
M1+MX97(28.5)8.691±1.549
肿瘤分级0.0001
G1+G2214(62.9)8.978±1.370
G3+G4121(35.6)8.391±1.543
NA5(1.5)
肿瘤分期0.0004
Ⅰ+Ⅱ239(70.3)8.952±1.307
Ⅲ+Ⅳ81(23.8)8.293±1.722
NA20(5.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1199334731574767953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CYP27A1表达与HCC患者临床病理特征的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床病理特征例(%)CYP27A1 mRNA表达量($\bar{x}±s$)P
年龄(岁)0.3536
≤60165(48.5)8.677±1.431
>60175(51.5)8.828±1.559
性别<0.0001
232(68.2)8.976±1.368
108(31.8)8.278±1.653
T分期0.0149
T1+T2252(74.1)8.891±1.421
T3+T4+TX88(25.9)8.365±1.647
淋巴转移0.3358
N0238(70.0)8.807±1.449
N1+NX102(30.0)8.632±1.608
远处转移0.5656
M0243(71.5)8.780±1.480
M1+MX97(28.5)8.691±1.549
肿瘤分级0.0001
G1+G2214(62.9)8.978±1.370
G3+G4121(35.6)8.391±1.543
NA5(1.5)
肿瘤分期0.0004
Ⅰ+Ⅱ239(70.3)8.952±1.307
Ⅲ+Ⅳ81(23.8)8.293±1.722
NA20(5.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1199334731717374297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Correlation between CYP27A1 and the expression of genes related to the promotion and inhibition of ROS production

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关性促进ROS生成基因抑制ROS生成基因
正相关(r>0.2)BNIP3、PID1、AGTR1、CD36SOD1、RGN、PON3、CCS、SIRT5、F2、SIRT3、HDAC6、EPHX2、PLIN5、GADD45A、PRCP、PDK4、CPS1、IMMP2L、FOXO1、MT-ND2、NFE2L2、PINK1、PARK2
负相关(r<-0.2)NOX4、DUOX1、PLA2R1、MPV17、TLR2、SH3PXD2BG6PD、BRCA1、FOXM1、HK2
), ArticleFig(id=1199334731809648991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334722364076993, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CYP27A1与促进和抑制ROS生成相关基因表达的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关性促进ROS生成基因抑制ROS生成基因
正相关(r>0.2)BNIP3、PID1、AGTR1、CD36SOD1、RGN、PON3、CCS、SIRT5、F2、SIRT3、HDAC6、EPHX2、PLIN5、GADD45A、PRCP、PDK4、CPS1、IMMP2L、FOXO1、MT-ND2、NFE2L2、PINK1、PARK2
负相关(r<-0.2)NOX4、DUOX1、PLA2R1、MPV17、TLR2、SH3PXD2BG6PD、BRCA1、FOXM1、HK2
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CYP27A1对肝细胞癌预后的影响及生物学作用
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张昕彤 , 吴昊 , 胡艳芬 , 张文桃 , 畅靖嘉 , 朱剑军 , 李莉 , 刘铭 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(4): 387-395
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(4): 387-395
CYP27A1对肝细胞癌预后的影响及生物学作用
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张昕彤, 吴昊, 胡艳芬, 张文桃, 畅靖嘉, 朱剑军, 李莉, 刘铭*
作者信息
  • 山西医科大学基础医学院医学细胞生物与遗传学教研室,山西太原 030001
  • 张昕彤,硕士研究生,主要从事医学遗传学方面的研究

通讯作者:

刘铭,E-mail:
The prognostic significance and biological effects of CYP27A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Xin-Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Yan-Fen Hu, Wen-Tao Zhang, Jing-Jia Chang, Jian-Jun Zhu, Li Li, Ming Liu*
Affiliations
  • Department of Medical Cellular Biology and Genetics, Basic Medicine College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1821.2023.0411
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目的 分析细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1(CYP27A1)对肝细胞癌(HCC)预后的影响及生物学作用,并初步探讨其影响HCC生长的分子机制。方法 基于癌症基因数据库(TCGA)分析CYP27A1在HCC中的表达情况及其与HCC患者预后的关系;基于CYP27A1表达量中位值,将样本分为CYP27A1高表达组(n=170)与CYP27A1低表达组(n=170),利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)分别对两组进行基因集富集分析;免疫荧光染色检测及数据库查找CYP27A1蛋白亚细胞定位;构建过表达CYP27A1质粒,转染HCC细胞MHCC-97H和HCCLM3,设置阴性对照组(转染空载质粒)与CYP27A1过表达组(转染过表达CYP27A1重组质粒)。采用CCK-8法、流式细胞仪、活性氧(ROS)荧光探针等检测过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞活力、凋亡及ROS生成的影响;结合生物信息学分析CYP27A1与ROS生成相关基因及HCC增殖相关基因表达的相关性。结果 与正常肝组织比较,HCC组织中CYP27A1 mRNA表达量明显降低(P<0.01)。CYP27A1表达与HCC患者性别、T分期、肿瘤分级和肿瘤分期有关(P<0.05)。CYP27A1低表达组总生存率明显低于高表达组(P<0.01)。GSEA富集分析结果显示,CYP27A1低表达组HCC“干性”亚类和“增殖”亚类基因集水平升高。在MHCC-97H和HCCLM3细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于细胞核;在HepG2细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于线粒体。与阴性对照组比较,过表达CYP27A1后,HCC细胞活力下降(P<0.01)、ROS水平降低(P<0.05),而细胞凋亡水平无明显改变(P>0.05)。CYP27A1与抑制ROS生成相关基因表达呈正相关(P<0.05),抑制ROS生成相关基因与HCC增殖相关基因表达呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 CYP27A1在HCC中呈低表达,下调CYP27A1可能通过促进ROS生成促进HCC恶性生长。

肝细胞癌  /  细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1  /  恶性生长

Objective To analyze the prognostic significance and biological effects of cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 (CYP27A1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to preliminarily explore its molecular mechanism of regulating the malignant growth of HCC. Methods The Cance Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression level of CYP27A1 and its prognostic effect on HCC patients. The samples were divided into CYP27A1 high-expression group (n=170) and low-expression group (n=170) based on the median expression of CYP27A1 in HCC, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate gene sets associated with CYP27A1 expression. The subcellular localization of CYP27A1 was detected by immunofluorescence staining and search database. The over-expression plasmid of CYP27A1 was constructed and then transfected into the HCC cells MHCC-97H and HCCLM3 cell lines, including two groups, namely control group (transfecting empty vector) and CYP27A1 over-expression group (transfecting CYP27A1 over-expressed vector). CCK-8, flow cytometer, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence probe were applied to detect the effects of CYP27A1 over-expression on cell viability, apoptosis and ROS levels in HCC cells. Combining bioinformatics to analyze the correlation between CYP27A1 and the expression of ROS generation-related genes and HCC proliferation-related genes. Results Compared with the normal liver tissue, the expression level of CYP27A1 mRNA in HCC tissue was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The expression of CYP27A1 was significantly correlated with sex, T stage, tumor grade and tumor stage of HCC patients (P<0.05). Compared to the CYP27A1 high-expression group, patients in CYP27A1 low-expression group had lower survival rate (P<0.01). GSEA enrichment analysis revealed that the levels of HCC stem cell-related gene clusters and HCC proliferation gene clusters were remarkably increased in CYP27A1 low-expression group. The immunofluorescence showed that CYP27A1 was mainly located in nucleus in MHCC-97H and HCCLM3, whereas CYP27A1 was mainly located in mitochondria in HepG2. CYP27A1 over-expression attenuated cell viability (P<0.01), and reduced the ROS levels (P<0.05), whereas it had no effects on the apoptosis in HCC cells (P>0.05). The expression of CYP27A1 and the expression of inhibiting ROS generation-related genes were positively correlated (P<0.05), while the expression of inhibiting ROS generation-related genes and the expression of HCC proliferation-related genes were negatively correlated (P<0.05). Conclusions The expression of CYP27A1 was decreased in HCC, and down-regulated CYP27A1 promoted cell growth by enhancing ROS generation, although the precise mechanism requires future educidation.

hepatocellular carcinoma  /  cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1  /  malignant growth
张昕彤, 吴昊, 胡艳芬, 张文桃, 畅靖嘉, 朱剑军, 李莉, 刘铭. CYP27A1对肝细胞癌预后的影响及生物学作用. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (4) : 387 -395 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1821.2023.0411
Xin-Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Yan-Fen Hu, Wen-Tao Zhang, Jing-Jia Chang, Jian-Jun Zhu, Li Li, Ming Liu. The prognostic significance and biological effects of CYP27A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (4) : 387 -395 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1821.2023.0411
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是最常见的肝癌类型,发病率居恶性肿瘤第6位,病死率居高不下[1],严重威胁人类健康。HCC早期症状不明显,患者确诊较晚是其预后差的重要原因之一[2-4]。改善早期HCC患者生存的手段较多,如患者在T1N0期被确诊时,通过手术及时干预治疗,5年生存率可显著提高[5]。因此,筛选HCC早期诊断及预后判断的生物标志物具有重要的临床意义[6-7]。多项研究发现,核编码线粒体蛋白质和线粒体自身编码蛋白质异常引起的线粒体功能障碍、线粒体应激反应和线粒体缺陷等可促进肿瘤生长和转移,其作用机制与线粒体产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)异常及代谢重编程等密切相关[8-9]。细胞色素P450家族27亚家族A成员1(cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1,CYP27A1)编码固醇27-羟化酶,存在于多种组织细胞的线粒体内[10],与多种恶性肿瘤的形成密切相关[11],其在HCC中差异表达,但在HCC发生发展中的作用尚不完全清楚[12-15]。本研究利用生物信息学分析CYP27A1在HCC中的表达及功能,明确CYP27A1对ROS产生、细胞生长和细胞凋亡的影响,以期为HCC的早期诊断和预后判断提供潜在的分子靶标和理论指导。
DMEM高糖培养基(美国Gibco公司);胎牛血清(杭州四季青生物工程材料有限公司);青链霉素混合液、胰蛋白酶、5% BSA封闭液、Triton X-100、DAPI(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);LipofectamineTM 2000(美国Invitrogen公司);RNAiso Plus、PrimeScriptTM RT Master Mix(Perfect Real Time)反转录试剂盒、TB Green® Premix Ex TaqTM Ⅱ(TliRNaseH Plus) (日本TaKaRa公司);Cell Counting Kit、超敏ECL化学发光检测试剂盒(北京赛文创新生物科技有限公司);ROS荧光探针(2,7-dichlorodihy-drofluorescein diacetate)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);Annexin V-FITC细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(南京峰峰生物医药科技有限公司);空载质粒、CYP27A1过表达质粒由安徽通用生物股份有限公司合成,引物由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成;β-actin单克隆抗体、鼠抗人CYP27A1单克隆抗体、辣根过氧化物酶标记的IgG二抗、Dylight649山羊抗鼠IgG二抗(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司)。Western blotting电泳系统和凝胶成像仪(美国Bio-Rad公司);激光共聚焦显微镜(日本奥林巴斯株式会社);流式细胞仪(上海碧迪医疗器械有限公司);全自动酶联免疫检测分析仪(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司)。
从Genomic Data Commons (GDC)官网(https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/)下载并整理癌症基因数据库(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)中HCC转录组数据和临床信息数据,分析CYP27A1在HCC组织(340例)与正常肝组织(50例)中的表达及其与HCC患者临床病理特征的关系。
根据TCGA转录组数据,以CYP27A1 mRNA表达量中位值为标准,将HCC患者分为CYP27A1低表达组(n=170)与CYP27A1高表达组(n=170)。运行R包(survival和survminer)绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,分析CYP27A1表达与HCC患者预后的关系。
上传CYP27A1高、低表达组基因表达矩阵,于GSEA软件中Gene sets database选择c2.all. v 7.4. symbols. gmt [curated],运行GSEA。
使用PSORT Ⅱ(https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html)在线网站分析CYP27A1蛋白的亚细胞定位,预测CYP27A1在细胞中的定位情况。
免疫荧光染色检测HCC细胞株中CYP27A1亚细胞定位:HCC细胞株MHCC-97H、HCCLM3购自美国American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)公司,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养。常规接种细胞于培养皿,24 h后弃培养基,用预冷PBS冲洗细胞,加入500 μl多聚甲醛溶液常温固定1 h;弃多聚甲醛,PBS冲洗,0.5% Triton常温孵育10 min;加入CYP27A1抗体(1∶400) 4 ℃孵育过夜;PBS冲洗,加入荧光二抗(1∶500)避光室温孵育2 h;PBS冲洗,DAPI避光室温孵育15 min;PBS冲洗,加500 μl无血清培养基,于显微镜下观察拍照。
使用Human Protein Atlas(HPA)数据库(https://www.proteinatlas.org)查找CYP27A1在HepG2细胞中的定位。
将MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞接种于6孔板(3×105个/孔)中,待细胞处于对数生长期时,根据LipofectamineTM 2000转染试剂说明书进行转染,设置阴性对照组(转染空载质粒)与CYP27A1过表达组(转染CYP27A1过表达质粒)。
转染48 h后,按照RNAiso Plus说明书提取RNA。按照PrimeScriptTM RT Master Mix反转录试剂盒说明书配制20 μl/管反应体系(5×PrimeScriptTM RT Master Mix 4 μl,Total RNA 500 ng,Rnase Free ddH2O补充至20 μl),将RNA反转录为cDNA。根据TB Green® Premix Ex TaqTM Ⅱ试剂盒说明书配制PCR反应体系(2×TB Green Premix Taq Ⅱ 10 μl,上下游引物各0.8 μl,cDNA 1 μl,ddH2O 7.4 μl),应用StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System进行PCR扩增。两步法PCR扩增程序:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性5 s,60 ℃退火和延伸30 s,35个循环。以β-actin为内参照,采用2-ΔCt法进行定量。β-actin引物序列:上游5'-ACTCTTCCAGCCTTCCTTCC-3',下游5'-TCTCCTTCTGCATCCTGTCG-3';CYP27A1引物序列:上游5'-TTCAGCTGTTCGTTCAAGGC-3',下游5'-ATAGCTCCATGTCGTTCCGT-3'。
转染48 h后,用含1% PMSF的RIPA裂解液提取细胞总蛋白,BCA试剂盒进行蛋白定量。取20 μg蛋白上样,行10% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,转膜,用5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭1 h,加入CYP27A1抗体(1∶5000) 4 ℃孵育过夜;TBST缓冲液冲洗,加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的IgG二抗(1∶10 000)室温孵育1 h;TBST缓冲液冲洗,曝光,拍片。以β-actin为内参照,用ImageJ软件分析蛋白条带灰度值,计算CYP27A1蛋白相对表达量。
常规培养细胞,接种于96孔板(约3×103个/孔)中,待细胞处于对数生长期时进行转染。转染6 h后换液,于换液0、24、48、72 h加入10 μl CCK-8试剂,37 ℃避光孵育2 h,应用酶标仪检测450 nm波长处吸光度(OD)值,连续测量4 d,计算细胞生长抑制率。细胞生长抑制率(%)=(1-CYP27A1过表达组OD450/阴性对照组OD450)×100%。
常规培养细胞,将细胞接种于6孔板(约3×105个/孔)中,待细胞处于对数生长期时,进行转染。转染48 h后,收集细胞,加入1 ml无血清培养液稀释的ROS荧光探针(10 μmol/L)重悬细胞。37 ℃孵育20 min,每5 min颠倒混匀1次。1000 r/min离心5 min,用500 μl无血清培养液洗涤细胞3次。无血清培养液重悬细胞,采用流式细胞仪于488 nm处检测ROS水平。
常规培养细胞,将细胞接种于6孔板(约3×105个/孔)中,待细胞处于对数生长期时,进行转染。转染48 h后,将细胞消化后1000 r/min离心5 min,并弃上清,收集细胞,PBS洗涤2次,加入400 μl的Annexin V结合液悬浮细胞;加入Annexin V-FITC染色液(2.5 μl),4 ℃避光孵育15 min,再加入PI染色液(5 μl),混匀后4 ℃避光孵育5 min。流式细胞仪上机检测细胞凋亡情况。
依据文献[16-17]的方法,下载调控ROS生成相关的基因集,筛选在HCC中呈差异表达的调控ROS生成相关基因。使用Spearman分析CYP27A1与调控ROS生成相关基因表达的相关性,|r|>0.2且P<0.05为具有明显相关性。使用微生信网站(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)绘制相关系数图。
获取GSEA HCC增殖相关基因集,筛选在HCC中呈差异表达的增殖相关基因。基于STRING和Cytoscape完成HCC增殖相关基因与调控ROS生成相关基因的蛋白质互作网络分析。使用Spearman分析调控ROS生成相关基因与HCC增殖相关基因表达的相关性,|r|>0.2且P<0.05为具有明显相关性。使用微生信网站(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)绘制相关系数图。
采用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1Q2)表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
TCGA-RNA测序结果显示,与正常肝组织比较,HCC组织中CYP27A1 mRNA表达量明显降低[9.120(8.140,9.814) vs. 10.020(9.779,10.260),P<0.01]。CYP27A1表达与HCC患者性别、T分期、肿瘤分级、肿瘤分期等有关(P<0.05,表1)。
Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,CYP27A1低表达组总生存率明显低于高表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图1)。
GSEA富集分析结果显示,CYP27A1低表达组HCC“干性”亚类中上调基因集的归一化富集分数(normalized enrichment score,NES)为1.80(图2A),HCC“增殖”亚类中上调基因集的NES为1.77(图2B),HCC生存率下降相关基因集的NES为1.77(图2C)。
PSORT Ⅱ在线网站分析结果显示,CYP27A1在细胞中主要定位于细胞质(52.2%)、细胞核(30.4%)、线粒体(13.0%)、细胞骨架(4.3%)。免疫荧光染色检测结果显示,在MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于细胞核(图3)。HPA数据库分析结果显示,在HepG2细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于细胞质和线粒体(图3)。以上结果提示,在不同类型细胞中CYP27A1可能在不同部位发挥不同的作用。
RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与阴性对照组比较,CYP27A1过表达组MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞中CYP27A1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图4)。
CCK-8法检测结果显示,与阴性对照组比较,CYP27A1过表达组MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞活力均下降(P<0.01);转染24、48、72 h,MHCC-97H细胞生长抑制率分别为46.82%、53.92%、59.59%,HCCLM3细胞分别为33.27%、38.16%、36.14%(图5A)。ROS荧光探针法检测结果显示,与阴性对照组比较,CYP27A1过表达组MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞中ROS水平均明显降低(P<0.05,图5B)。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,CYP27A1过表达组MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞凋亡率与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,图5C)。
共下载得到165个调控ROS生成相关基因,其中64个在HCC中呈差异表达(图6A)。Spearman分析结果显示,与CYP27A1表达有明显相关性的基因有34个(图6B),其中正相关基因24个,包括4个具有促进ROS生成作用的基因,20个具有抑制ROS生成作用的基因(表2)。
根据GSEA增殖基因集,共获得114个在HCC中差异表达的增殖相关基因(图7A)。与表2中20个抑制ROS生成基因在String中构建蛋白质互作网络,结果显示,12个抑制ROS生成基因与20个HCC增殖相关基因有直接相互作用(图7B)。使用Spearman计算相关系数,结果显示,20个HCC增殖相关基因与12个抑制ROS生成基因表达呈明显负相关(P<0.05,图7C)。
HCC是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一,虽然分子靶向治疗显著提高了HCC患者的生存率[18-19],但5年生存率仍较低[5]。近年来,越来越多的分子靶向研究集中于线粒体等细胞器,以揭示新的癌症防治策略[20]。线粒体作为细胞代谢的主要细胞器,其形态功能异常与HCC的发生发展紧密相关[21]
CYP27A1基因位于2号染色体q35,含9个外显子,编码由498个氨基酸组成的固醇27-羟化酶,催化胆汁酸合成所需的羟基化过程,维持体内胆固醇平衡,参与维生素D代谢,在不同组织器官中发挥潜在的促癌或抑癌功能[10]。Liang等[13]发现,过表达CYP27A1可抑制膀胱癌细胞增殖;而在肺腺癌中,沉默CYP27A1可抑制胆固醇对肺腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭的促进作用,抑制高胆固醇饮食诱导的肺腺癌体内转移[22];下调乳腺癌组织中CYP27A1的表达可抑制乳腺癌的生长[23]。帕成周等[15]发现,CYP27A1表达与HCC临床分期及预后相关,可能成为临床诊治HCC的肿瘤分子标志物。然而,CYP27A1在HCC中的功能及分子机制尚不完全清楚。本研究结果表明,HCC组织中CYP27A1 mRNA表达水平明显降低,且与HCC患者不良预后有关;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期HCC组织中CYP27A1 mRNA表达量明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期,提示CYP27A1可能参与HCC的恶性进展。GSEA富集分析结果中,NES>1表明CYP27A1低表达组HCC干细胞相关基因及HCC增殖相关基因表达上调,提示低表达CYP27A1可能通过调控癌细胞干性和增殖基因促进HCC的恶性进展。
本研究结果显示,过表达CYP27A1可明显抑制HCC细胞活力,但其具体机制尚不完全清楚。其中,生物信息学预测CYP27A1可能主要定位于细胞质、细胞核、线粒体等;在MHCC-97H、HCCLM3细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于细胞核;在HepG2细胞中,CYP27A1主要定位于线粒体,提示在HCC细胞中CYP27A1可能在细胞核和线粒体中发挥功能。线粒体是ROS生成的主要部位。ROS水平升高可激活肿瘤信号通路,促进肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖;还可激活抗肿瘤信号通路,启动氧化应激诱导的肿瘤细胞程序性死亡[24]。本研究发现,过表达CYP27A1后,HCC细胞中ROS水平明显降低,细胞活力下降,高度提示低表达CYP27A1可能通过促进ROS产生,最终导致HCC恶性生长。利用生物信息学进一步分析CYP27A1与调节ROS生成相关基因表达的关系,以及调节ROS生成相关基因与HCC增殖相关基因表达的关系,结果表明,CYP27A1与抑制ROS生成相关基因表达呈正相关,提示过表达CYP27A1可抑制ROS的产生。此外,抑制ROS生成相关基因与HCC增殖相关基因表达呈负相关,提示ROS降低可抑制HCC细胞增殖,部分解释了过表达CYP27A1后HCC细胞中ROS水平降低、细胞活力下降的现象,CYP27A1可能通过降低ROS抑制HCC细胞增殖,具体分子机制有待进一步探讨。此外,本研究发现,过表达CYP27A1对HCC细胞凋亡无影响。由此推测,过表达CYP27A1导致HCC细胞活力下降可能与其他因素,如细胞周期阻滞及细胞内环境稳态的破坏等有关,而与细胞凋亡无关,但仍需进一步研究探讨。
综上所述,CYP27A1在HCC组织中呈低表达,且其表达与HCC患者临床分期及预后有关;过表达CYP27A1能有效抑制HCC细胞活力及ROS产生,提示CYP27A1在HCC发生发展过程中可能发挥重要作用,有望成为HCC的潜在治疗靶点和预后评估分子标志物。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81902513)
  • 山西省应用基础研究计划项目(202103021224228)
  • 山西省应用基础研究计划项目(20210302124376)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1821.2023.0411
  • 接收时间:2022-08-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-31
  • 录用日期:2022-10-20
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902513)
国家自然科学基金(81902513)
Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(202103021224228)
山西省应用基础研究计划项目(202103021224228)
Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(20210302124376)
山西省应用基础研究计划项目(20210302124376)
作者信息
    山西医科大学基础医学院医学细胞生物与遗传学教研室,山西太原 030001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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