Article(id=1199334721990783932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1672070400000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1677081600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-02-23, onlineDate=1763873280284, onlineDateStr=2025-11-23, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763873280284, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763873280284, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763873280284, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199334721185477563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763873280092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763874025072, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199337845925183535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199334721185477563, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=396, endPage=407, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199334722192110528, articleId=1199334721990783932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Efficacy and mechanism of compound Wufengcao liquid combined with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation in treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pressure injury, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of compound Wufengcao liquid combined with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) for the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pressure injury (PI), and to preliminarily explore its action mechanism. Methods (1) Clinical research: from January 2019 to October 2022, 60 PI patients who were admitted to the Scrofula Department and Wound Care Clinic at Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were randomly divided into normal saline NPWTi group and compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups underwent NPWTi under the premise of systemic basic treatment, before treatment, after removing the negative pressure device in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of treatment, the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) score, the wound bacterial culture detection rate and the wound healing time were counted, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content of wound tissue was detected by ELISA method. (2) Animal experiments: 24 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, normal saline NPWTi group and compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group, 6 rats in each group. PI rat model was established by local tissue ischemia/reperfusion injury method, and the negative pressure device was removed at the end of each day of treatment. Before treatment and 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment, the wound morphology of each group of rats was observed, the wound histopathology was observed by HE staining, the CD34 positive cells rate of wound tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in rat blood and wound tissue were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. Results (1) Clinical research: Both groups could effectively reduce the PUSH score and the wound bacterial culture detection rate, shorten the wound healing time, and promote the expression of VEGF in wound tissue, the compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group was better than the normal saline NPWTi group (P<0.05). (2) Animal experiments: Compared with blank group, the rats in the model group showed obvious wound inflammatory response and tissue damage, and the CD34 positive cells rate, blood and wound tissue p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, iNOS and TNF-α levels were significantly increased, Arg-1 and TGF-β level was significantly reduced (P<0.05); Compared with model group, after 7 days of treatment, the normal saline NPWTi group and the compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group significantly decreased the wound morphology score, the histopathological morphology was significantly improved, the CD34 positive cells rate was significantly increased (P<0.05), the levels of blood and wound tissue p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, iNOS, and TNF-α were significantly reduced, and the levels of Arg-1 and TGF-β were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group was better than that of the normal saline NPWTi group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compound Wufengcao liquid combined with NPWTi can effectively promote the healing of PI wounds, and its mechanism of action may be by inhibiting the activation and expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby regulating the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages.

, correspAuthors=Zi-Hui Huang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 观察复方五凤草液负压滴灌治疗(NPWTi)Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压力性损伤(PI)的临床疗效,并初步探索其作用机制。方法 (1)临床研究:选取2019年1月-2022年10月于南京市中西医结合医院瘰疬科病区及伤口护理门诊就诊的60例PI患者,随机分为生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组,每组30例。两组均在全身基础治疗的前提下进行NPWTi,分别于治疗前及治疗第1、2、3周拆除负压装置后统计PI愈合计分量表(PUSH)评分、创面细菌培养检出率及创面愈合时间,并用ELISA法检测创面组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的含量。(2)动物实验:24只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组,每组6只,通过局部组织缺血/再灌注损伤法建立PI大鼠模型,每天治疗结束后将负压装置拆除。分别于治疗前及治疗3、7、10 d观察各组大鼠创面形态,HE染色观察创面组织病理情况,免疫组化检测创面组织CD34阳性细胞百分比,并用ELISA法及RT-qPCR分别检测各组大鼠血液、创面组织中p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)、核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的表达水平。结果 (1)临床研究:两组均能有效降低PUSH评分和创面细菌培养检出率,缩短创面愈合时间,促进创面组织VEGF表达,复方五凤草液NPWTi组优于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05)。(2)动物实验:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠创面炎症反应及组织损伤明显,CD34阳性细胞百分比,以及血液和创面组织p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平明显升高,Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组相比,生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组治疗7 d后创面形态评分明显降低,组织病理学形态明显改善,CD34阳性细胞百分比明显升高,血液及创面组织p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平明显降低,Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且复方五凤草液NPWTi组优于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05)。结论 复方五凤草液NPWTi可有效促进PI创面的愈合,其作用机制可能是通过抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的活化及表达,进而调节M1/M2巨噬细胞极化平衡。

, correspAuthors=黄子慧, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄子慧,E-mail:
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曹丽敏,硕士研究生,主要从事甲乳、疮疡方面的研究

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曹丽敏,硕士研究生,主要从事甲乳、疮疡方面的研究

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PI. 压力性损伤;PUSH. 压疮愈合计分量表;VEGF. 血管内皮生长因子;NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗;与治疗前比较,(1)P<0.05;与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=xRMSXBcNNoSJgZon4VyKhA==, figureFileBig=qtfXBudyMn6ELJKzIIJgYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346359590547790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Compound Wufengcao liquid combined with NPWTi treatment of stage Ⅳ pressure ulcer patient, figureFileSmall=V3h39EARIYiQzKfmWgoaTA==, figureFileBig=+LqDicx0rBDKgLOm+iGIUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346359670239568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=图2, caption=复方五凤草液NPWTi治疗Ⅳ期PI典型病例(患者男,79岁)

PI. 压力性损伤;NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗;A. 2022-01-17入院时创面;B. 2022-01-26保守性锐器清创后;C. 2022-01-27复方五凤草液NPWTi;D. 2022-02-14拆除负压装置+邻近皮瓣修复+带蒂皮瓣移植术;E. 2022-03-01间断拆线;F. 2022-04-15(出院后随访)伤口愈合良好

, figureFileSmall=V3h39EARIYiQzKfmWgoaTA==, figureFileBig=+LqDicx0rBDKgLOm+iGIUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346359749931347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of wound status and wound morphology scores in each group of rats (n=6), figureFileSmall=dqofOq7IPpdrsPd5IF4t9w==, figureFileBig=VgNu3DmFKS3GpPT30O84GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346359817040214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠创面情况及创面形态评分比较(n=6)

NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗;与模型组比较,(1)P<0.05;与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=dqofOq7IPpdrsPd5IF4t9w==, figureFileBig=VgNu3DmFKS3GpPT30O84GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346359900926295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Pathological changes in wound tissue of rats in each group (HE), figureFileSmall=uC7Gxcbv2BrD+vhR/pVOew==, figureFileBig=YqJ0qPArMywEKAxO7fqU+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346359984812376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠创面组织病理学变化(HE)

NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗

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NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗;与空白组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=NKzKjqtUfgFprHJl1CKpnw==, figureFileBig=Rs9g8YGk//Z4eibd5I6CRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346360328745308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison the levels of blood p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, Arg-1 and TGF-β in each group of rats (n=6), figureFileSmall=nk7H03oT7ryNbIzMWon7AA==, figureFileBig=9zSa2m9RPBjzY7rqWWImhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346360395854175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组大鼠血液p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α、Arg-1、TGF-β水平比较(n=6)

p38 MAPK. p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶;NF-κB p65. 核因子-κB p65;iNOS. 诱导型一氧化氮合酶;TNF-α. 肿瘤坏死因子-α;Arg-1. 精氨酸酶-1;TGF-β. 转化生长因子-β;NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗;与空白组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=nk7H03oT7ryNbIzMWon7AA==, figureFileBig=9zSa2m9RPBjzY7rqWWImhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346360471351648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of relative levels of p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, Arg-1, TGF-β mRNA in rat wound tissue in each group (n=6), figureFileSmall=HHQHSClPVzfKtPAkHfQt1Q==, figureFileBig=B0rr3U/7TmsvE4Tt16KG5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346360580403557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组大鼠创面组织中p38 MAPKNF-κB p65iNOSTNF-αArg-1TGF-β mRNA相对表达水平比较(n=6)

p38 MAPK. p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶;NF-κB p65. 核因子-κB p65;iNOS. 诱导型一氧化氮合酶;TNF-α. 肿瘤坏死因子-α;Arg-1. 精氨酸酶-1;TGF-β. 转化生长因子-β;NPWTi. 负压滴灌治疗;与空白组比较,(1)P<0.05;与模型组比较,(2)P<0.05;与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=HHQHSClPVzfKtPAkHfQt1Q==, figureFileBig=B0rr3U/7TmsvE4Tt16KG5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199346360668483941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences of RT-qPCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游引物下游引物
p38 MAPK5'-AGCTTACCGATGACCACGTT-3'5'-CACGTAGCCGGTCATTTCGTC-3'
NF-κB P655'-GACGATCTGTTTCCCCTCAT-3'5'-GCTTCTCTCCCCAGGAATAC-3'
iNOS5'-TTCAGCTACGCCTTCAACACC-3'5'-CTCCATTGCCAAATGTGCTTG-3'
TNF-α5'-CTACTCCCAGGCTCTTCAA-3'5'-GCTGACTTTCTCTCTGTGTGA-3'
Arg-15'-CATATCTGCCAAGGACATCGT-3'5'-TCCATCACTTTGCCAATTCCC-3'
TGF-β5'-CGGAATACAGGGCTTTCGCT-3'5'-TCGACGTTTGGGACTGATCC-3'
GAPDH5'-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3'5'-TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1199346360769147240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因上游引物下游引物
p38 MAPK5'-AGCTTACCGATGACCACGTT-3'5'-CACGTAGCCGGTCATTTCGTC-3'
NF-κB P655'-GACGATCTGTTTCCCCTCAT-3'5'-GCTTCTCTCCCCAGGAATAC-3'
iNOS5'-TTCAGCTACGCCTTCAACACC-3'5'-CTCCATTGCCAAATGTGCTTG-3'
TNF-α5'-CTACTCCCAGGCTCTTCAA-3'5'-GCTGACTTTCTCTCTGTGTGA-3'
Arg-15'-CATATCTGCCAAGGACATCGT-3'5'-TCCATCACTTTGCCAATTCCC-3'
TGF-β5'-CGGAATACAGGGCTTTCGCT-3'5'-TCGACGTTTGGGACTGATCC-3'
GAPDH5'-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3'5'-TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1199346360848839018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of baseline data between two groups of PI patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标生理盐水NPWTi组(n=27)复方五凤草液NPWTi组(n=26)P
性别[例(%)]0.349
16(59.3)12(46.2)
11(40.7)14(53.8)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)77.1±6.879.6±8.30.475
血浆白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)32.93±5.2134.62±5.390.251
压疮分期[例(%)]0.459
Ⅲ期11(40.74)8(30.8)
Ⅳ期16(59.3)18(69.2)
创面面积(cm2, $\bar{x}±s$)27.1±5.6225.57±5.290.311
), ArticleFig(id=1199346360932725101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199334721990783932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组PI患者基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标生理盐水NPWTi组(n=27)复方五凤草液NPWTi组(n=26)P
性别[例(%)]0.349
16(59.3)12(46.2)
11(40.7)14(53.8)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)77.1±6.879.6±8.30.475
血浆白蛋白(g/L, $\bar{x}±s$)32.93±5.2134.62±5.390.251
压疮分期[例(%)]0.459
Ⅲ期11(40.74)8(30.8)
Ⅳ期16(59.3)18(69.2)
创面面积(cm2, $\bar{x}±s$)27.1±5.6225.57±5.290.311
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复方五凤草液负压滴灌治疗Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压力性损伤的疗效及其作用机制
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曹丽敏 , 黄子慧 * , 王裕玲 , 钱佳燕 , 高贝贝 , 陈思琪 , 翁嘉晨
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(4): 396-407
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(4): 396-407
复方五凤草液负压滴灌治疗Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压力性损伤的疗效及其作用机制
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曹丽敏, 黄子慧* , 王裕玲, 钱佳燕, 高贝贝, 陈思琪, 翁嘉晨
作者信息
  • 南京中医药大学附属南京市中西医结合医院瘰疬科,江苏南京 210014
  • 曹丽敏,硕士研究生,主要从事甲乳、疮疡方面的研究

通讯作者:

黄子慧,E-mail:
Efficacy and mechanism of compound Wufengcao liquid combined with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation in treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pressure injury
Li-Min Cao, Zi-Hui Huang* , Yu-Ling Wang, Jia-Yan Qian, Bei-Bei Gao, Si-Qi Chen, Jia-Chen Weng
Affiliations
  • Department of Scrofula, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822
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目的 观察复方五凤草液负压滴灌治疗(NPWTi)Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压力性损伤(PI)的临床疗效,并初步探索其作用机制。方法 (1)临床研究:选取2019年1月-2022年10月于南京市中西医结合医院瘰疬科病区及伤口护理门诊就诊的60例PI患者,随机分为生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组,每组30例。两组均在全身基础治疗的前提下进行NPWTi,分别于治疗前及治疗第1、2、3周拆除负压装置后统计PI愈合计分量表(PUSH)评分、创面细菌培养检出率及创面愈合时间,并用ELISA法检测创面组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的含量。(2)动物实验:24只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组,每组6只,通过局部组织缺血/再灌注损伤法建立PI大鼠模型,每天治疗结束后将负压装置拆除。分别于治疗前及治疗3、7、10 d观察各组大鼠创面形态,HE染色观察创面组织病理情况,免疫组化检测创面组织CD34阳性细胞百分比,并用ELISA法及RT-qPCR分别检测各组大鼠血液、创面组织中p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)、核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的表达水平。结果 (1)临床研究:两组均能有效降低PUSH评分和创面细菌培养检出率,缩短创面愈合时间,促进创面组织VEGF表达,复方五凤草液NPWTi组优于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05)。(2)动物实验:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠创面炎症反应及组织损伤明显,CD34阳性细胞百分比,以及血液和创面组织p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平明显升高,Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组相比,生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组治疗7 d后创面形态评分明显降低,组织病理学形态明显改善,CD34阳性细胞百分比明显升高,血液及创面组织p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平明显降低,Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且复方五凤草液NPWTi组优于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05)。结论 复方五凤草液NPWTi可有效促进PI创面的愈合,其作用机制可能是通过抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的活化及表达,进而调节M1/M2巨噬细胞极化平衡。

压力性损伤  /  负压滴灌治疗  /  复方五凤草液  /  巨噬细胞极化  /  p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of compound Wufengcao liquid combined with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) for the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pressure injury (PI), and to preliminarily explore its action mechanism. Methods (1) Clinical research: from January 2019 to October 2022, 60 PI patients who were admitted to the Scrofula Department and Wound Care Clinic at Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were randomly divided into normal saline NPWTi group and compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups underwent NPWTi under the premise of systemic basic treatment, before treatment, after removing the negative pressure device in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of treatment, the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) score, the wound bacterial culture detection rate and the wound healing time were counted, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content of wound tissue was detected by ELISA method. (2) Animal experiments: 24 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, normal saline NPWTi group and compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group, 6 rats in each group. PI rat model was established by local tissue ischemia/reperfusion injury method, and the negative pressure device was removed at the end of each day of treatment. Before treatment and 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment, the wound morphology of each group of rats was observed, the wound histopathology was observed by HE staining, the CD34 positive cells rate of wound tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in rat blood and wound tissue were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. Results (1) Clinical research: Both groups could effectively reduce the PUSH score and the wound bacterial culture detection rate, shorten the wound healing time, and promote the expression of VEGF in wound tissue, the compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group was better than the normal saline NPWTi group (P<0.05). (2) Animal experiments: Compared with blank group, the rats in the model group showed obvious wound inflammatory response and tissue damage, and the CD34 positive cells rate, blood and wound tissue p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, iNOS and TNF-α levels were significantly increased, Arg-1 and TGF-β level was significantly reduced (P<0.05); Compared with model group, after 7 days of treatment, the normal saline NPWTi group and the compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group significantly decreased the wound morphology score, the histopathological morphology was significantly improved, the CD34 positive cells rate was significantly increased (P<0.05), the levels of blood and wound tissue p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, iNOS, and TNF-α were significantly reduced, and the levels of Arg-1 and TGF-β were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the compound Wufengcao liquid NPWTi group was better than that of the normal saline NPWTi group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compound Wufengcao liquid combined with NPWTi can effectively promote the healing of PI wounds, and its mechanism of action may be by inhibiting the activation and expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby regulating the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages.

pressure injury  /  negative pressure wound therapy with instillation  /  compound Wufengcao liquid  /  macrophage polarization  /  p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
曹丽敏, 黄子慧, 王裕玲, 钱佳燕, 高贝贝, 陈思琪, 翁嘉晨. 复方五凤草液负压滴灌治疗Ⅲ-Ⅳ期压力性损伤的疗效及其作用机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (4) : 396 -407 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822
Li-Min Cao, Zi-Hui Huang, Yu-Ling Wang, Jia-Yan Qian, Bei-Bei Gao, Si-Qi Chen, Jia-Chen Weng. Efficacy and mechanism of compound Wufengcao liquid combined with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation in treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pressure injury[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (4) : 396 -407 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822
压力性损伤(pressure injury,PI),又称压疮、褥疮或压力性溃疡,由于骨突出处受到持续而长久的压力导致组织缺血缺氧、坏死,是皮肤和(或)皮下组织的局限性损伤,也是临床常见的慢性难愈性伤口[1-2]。感染是PI常见的并发症,可能导致蜂窝织炎、骨髓炎、脓毒症等,严重时甚至危及患者生命[3-4]。研究发现,我国住院患者PI患病率为1.67%[5],而在养老性医疗机构中高达10.4%[6]。目前PI患病率呈上升趋势,成为临床治疗难题,病程长、成本高,给社会带来了沉重的医疗负担,亟须临床工作者关注。
巨噬细胞是创面修复过程中组织动态平衡和炎症反应的关键细胞[7],在不同微环境刺激下可极化为促炎M1型或抗炎/修复M2型巨噬细胞[8]。p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/核因子-κB(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB,p38 MAPK/NF-κB)是巨噬细胞极化过程中的重要通路,在PI中,p38 MAPK和NF-κB水平升高,诱导巨噬细胞向M1型极化,M2型极度损耗,加重创面炎症反应,导致压疮创面难以愈合[9-10]。负压滴灌治疗(negative pressure wound therapy with instillation,NPWTi)是治疗慢性创面的一种新型手段,在传统负压伤口治疗(negative pressure wound therapy,NPWT)的基础上,将灌注液滴注于创面,有助于炎性分泌物及坏死组织的清除,从而减轻创面细菌负荷,促进肉芽组织形成,现已被用于各种慢性难愈性创面的治疗[11]。目前国内常用的灌注液包括生理盐水、中药制剂等,中药滴灌治疗可有效调节创面组织细胞的功能,改善创面愈合环境,加速创面愈合,疗效显著[12],受到临床工作者的青睐。外用中药复方五凤草液为南京市中西医结合医院协定方,可有效促进结核性溃疡、PI等慢性创面愈合[13-14]。近年来复方五凤草液被用于PI的NPWTi中,临床观察显示疗效满意,但其作用机制尚不明确。为此,本研究构建大鼠PI模型,基于p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路调控M1/M2巨噬细胞极化探索复方五凤草液NPWTi治疗PI的疗效及其作用机制。
血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、精氨酸酶-1(arginase-1,Arg-1)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)ELISA试剂盒均购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司;TRIzol® Reagent购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;PrimeScript™ PT Master Mix(Perfect Real Time)试剂盒购自日本TaKaRa公司;ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix(Without ROX)试剂盒购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司;CD34抗体、辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG(H+L)二抗、苏木精-伊红(HE)染色试剂盒均购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。37 ℃恒温箱购自上海一恒公司;多功能酶标仪购自美国Molecular Devices公司;高速低温离心机购自德国Hettich公司;实时荧光定量PCR仪购自瑞士罗氏公司;显微镜购自德国徕卡微系统有限公司。
选取2019年1月-2022年10月于南京市中西医结合医院瘰疬科病区及伤口护理门诊就诊的60例PI患者。采用随机数字表法分为生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组,每组30例。纳入标准:(1)符合Ⅲ、Ⅳ期PI诊断标准;(2)年龄50~95岁;(3)创面面积16~36 cm2;(4)血糖及营养状况良好,配合治疗。排除标准:(1)过敏性体质及对本研究药物过敏;(2)严重代谢性疾病影响创面愈合;(3)合并免疫系统或心、脑、肝、肾等器官严重原发性疾病及继发疾病;(4)糖尿病溃疡、癌性、结核性或其他特异性溃疡;(5)精神疾病。脱落标准:一系列原因导致疗程未完全结束即死亡或退出治疗。本研究获得南京市中西医结合医院伦理委员会审批(伦理号2022018),患者均签署知情同意书。
参照2016年美国压力性损伤咨询委员会(NPUAP)指南[15]及《中医外科学》的有关诊断标准:Ⅲ期PI是指皮肤全层缺损,脂肪组织外露,没有筋膜、肌肉、肌腱、韧带、软骨和(或)骨的外露,通常可见肉芽组织或创缘内卷,可能出现潜行腔隙和窦道;Ⅳ期PI是指全层皮肤和组织缺损形成的溃疡,伴有可见或可触及的筋膜、肌肉、肌腱、韧带、软骨或骨外露,通常伴有创缘内卷、潜行腔隙和(或)窦道,局部也可有腐肉和(或)焦痂,溃疡深度因解剖部位而异。
(1)将五凤草、猫爪草、白及按8.33∶1.67∶1的比例于纯水中浸泡1 h,然后加适量纯水煎煮1 h,获得第一提取液;(2)将药渣在纯水中浸泡后煎煮40 min,获得第二提取液;(3)将第一提取液与第二提取液浓缩成一份,沉淀24 h,取上清液灭菌处理,即得复方五凤草液(院协编号20181026)。由南京市中西医结合医院制剂室提供,由该院药剂科徐德荣医师进行鉴定。
生理盐水NPWTi组给予生理盐水NPWTi,复方五凤草液NPWTi组给予复方五凤草液NPWTi。两组均积极治疗基础疾病,加强抗感染、营养支持和维持水电解质平衡。在全身基础治疗的前提下,压疮创面采用药物负压滴灌技术。彻底清创后,根据创面的形状及大小修剪合适的黑海绵敷料,完全填充覆盖创面床,半透膜固定并密封,修剪开口后粘贴吸盘。将吸盘与冲洗管道分别置于伤口最长径两端,冲洗管道垂直嵌入敷料中直至与伤口床表面接触,吸盘位于最长径相对低位的端点附近,保证溶液可完全接触并冲洗伤口床,吸盘连接集液罐并与负压伤口治疗仪连接,冲洗管道通过静脉输液装置与冲洗液连接。设置负压治疗仪参数为间歇负压治疗模式(吸引5 min、间停2 min),负压值为-125 mmHg。冲洗前关闭负压封闭引流装置,将药物以30~40滴/min的速度从冲洗管中滴注至海绵敷料,以完全不滴出为度,停留0.5 h后持续间断低压吸引2~4 h,此为1次灌洗过程,每天重复4~6次。根据引流量及引流液的颜色更换负压装置。通过以上治疗完成术前创面床准备,然后根据创面肉芽情况择期进行皮瓣修复术。
收集患者性别、年龄、血浆白蛋白水平、压疮分期及创面面积等基线资料,并分别于治疗前及治疗第1、2、3周拆除负压装置后观察以下指标。
(1)采用压疮愈合计分量表[16](pressure ulcer scale for healing,PUSH)评估伤口面积、渗液量、组织类型(附表1:https://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822FJ)。根据上述三项指标评估伤口,计算三项得分,并汇总为PUSH评分。
(2)创面细菌培养检出率:记录温度、渗液pH值后,采集伤口细菌进行培养。为避免杂菌污染等干扰因素,用0.5%碘伏对伤口进行常规消毒,生理盐水清洁伤口床2或3次,无菌棉签取样。采用Levine技术取样,即在伤口1 cm区域内用足够的压力转动棉签拭子,从伤口组织中挤出流体采样。创面细菌培养检出率(%)=伤口细菌培养阳性例数/伤口总例数×100%。
(3)VEGF含量检测:取适量创面组织,加入PBS缓冲液后充分研磨匀浆,3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,采用ELISA法检测VEGF含量,严格按照试剂盒说明书步骤操作。
(4)创面愈合时间:记录PI患者从开始治疗至创面完全愈合的天数。
SD大鼠24只由南京市江宁区青龙山动物繁殖场提供[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(浙)2019-0002],雌雄各半,体重(250±20) g,在安静环境下适应性饲养1周,室温(22±2) ℃,相对湿度55%~60%,给予充足清洁饮水,自由摄食。将24只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组,每组6只。实验过程符合国家和单位有关实验动物的管理和使用规定。
参照朱思洵等[14]的缺血/再灌注损伤法建立PI大鼠模型。模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组、复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠建立PI模型,空白组大鼠仅背部备皮处理。模型建立成功后,大鼠单笼饲养,保证日常自由饮水、摄食。自然暴露1 d,第2天开始进行药物干预,实验周期为10 d。空白组备皮处局部每天予以生理盐水清洗;模型组每天予以生理盐水清洗创面;生理盐水NPWTi组每天予以生理盐水NPWTi;复方五凤草液NPWTi组每天予以复方五凤草液NPWTi。
NPWTi操作:彻底清创后,根据创面形状及大小修剪合适的黑海绵敷料,并将敷料完全覆盖创面床,冲洗管道垂直嵌入敷料中直至与伤口床表面接触,再用半透膜固定并密封,修剪开口后粘贴吸盘。将吸盘接集灌洗液并与负压伤口治疗仪连接,冲洗管道通过静脉输液装置与冲洗液连接。打开负压伤口治疗仪电源,治疗模式设置为持续吸引,负压值为-75 mmHg[17],每天持续吸引8 h。治疗结束后,拆除负压装置,将大鼠放回饲养笼中,次日治疗时重复上述操作。治疗期间,如出现贴膜脱落或漏气、冲洗管道漏气或堵塞不通时,需及时更换。
治疗前及治疗3、7、10 d,生理盐水NPWTi组和复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠拆除负压装置后,分别采集血液及皮肤/创面组织,血液标本3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液于-80 ℃冰箱备存,用于ELISA检测;其中一部分皮肤/创面组织固定在4%多聚甲醛溶液中,用于病理学观察及免疫组化检测,另一部分于-80 ℃冰箱保存用于RT-qPCR检测。
分别于治疗前及治疗3、7、10 d对大鼠创面进行大体观察,主要包括创面颜色、肿胀程度、渗液量等,并根据创面形态评分标准表[18]进行评分(附表2:https://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822FJ)。
皮肤/创面组织经过4%多聚甲醛溶液固定后,经脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋后制成石蜡切片(厚度4~6 μm),将切片脱蜡、水化后,行HE染色,观察皮肤/创面组织病理学变化。
皮肤/创面组织经4%多聚甲醛溶液固定后制成石蜡切片,再经常规烤片、脱蜡水化、抗原修复、阻断、加一抗过夜、加二抗、加链霉菌抗生物素-过氧化物酶溶液、DAB显色、苏木精复染后,于镜下观察,采用ImageJ软件进行灰度分析,计算CD34阳性细胞百分比。
取大鼠血液上清,采用ELISA法检测p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α、Arg-1、TGF-β水平,严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书要求操作,根据标准曲线计算各蛋白表达水平。
创面组织室温解冻后,加入TRIzol裂解液后研磨至无明显块状组织,4 ℃下3000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,提取创面组织总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,采用RT-qPCR检测相应指标mRNA的表达。引物序列如表1所示,由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成。
采用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;非正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用秩和检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
治疗过程中复方五凤草液NPWTi组脱落4例,生理盐水NPWTi组脱落3例,最终纳入53例(复方五凤草液NPWTi组26例和生理盐水NPWTi组27例)。53例PI患者中,男28例,女25例;年龄60~95岁,平均(76.2±4.6)岁;血浆白蛋白(33.47±4.21) g/L;压疮部位均为骶尾部;压疮分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期;创面面积为(26.23±7.41) cm2。两组性别、年龄、血浆白蛋白水平、压疮分期及创面面积比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
与治疗前比较,两组治疗第2、3周PUSH评分均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗第1、2周,两组PUSH评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗第3周,复方五凤草液NPWTi组PUSH评分低于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05,图1)。
与治疗前比较,两组治疗第2、3周创面细菌培养阳性率均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗第1、2周,两组创面细菌培养阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗第3周,复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面细菌培养阳性率低于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05,图1)。
ELISA法检测结果显示,治疗第1、2周,两组创面组织VEGF含量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗第2、3周,两组创面组织VEGF含量均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗第3周,复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面组织VEGF含量高于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05,图1)。
复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面愈合时间明显短于生理盐水NPWTi组,差异有统计学意义[(28.92±3.33) d vs. (36.85±2.58) d,P<0.05]。
患者男,79岁,因“骶尾区皮肤破损1个月余”入院,诊断为骶尾区Ⅳ期PI。住院期间在全身基础治疗的前提下,应用复方五凤草液NPWTi,随后进行带蒂肌皮瓣移植术,术后皮瓣成活,伤口一期愈合(图2)。
治疗前及治疗3 d,各组大鼠创面形态评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗7、10 d,生理盐水NPWTi组、复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面形态评分低于模型组(P<0.05);治疗10 d,复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面形态评分低于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05,图3)。
HE染色结果显示,治疗3 d,空白组皮肤结构完整,表皮无坏死脱落,无出血、无炎性细胞浸润;模型组皮下组织见多量中性粒细胞浸润,少量新生毛细血管和成纤维细胞,伴充血;生理盐水NPWTi组皮下组织见中等至大量中性粒细胞浸润,伴纤维素样坏死及浅表溃疡形成,血管及成纤维细胞明显增生;复方五凤草液NPWTi组皮下组织见中等量中性粒细胞浸润,伴纤维素样坏死及浅表溃疡形成,血管及成纤维细胞明显增生。治疗10 d,空白组皮肤结构完整,无出血及炎性细胞浸润;模型组皮下组织见中等量炎性细胞浸润,轻至中等量毛细血管及成纤维细胞增生,伴充血水肿;生理盐水NPWTi组皮下组织见少量炎性细胞浸润,多量新生毛细血管及成纤维细胞增生;复方五凤草液NPWTi组皮下组织见少量炎性细胞浸润,多量新生毛细血管及成纤维细胞增生;复方五凤草液NPWTi组情况优于生理盐水NPWTi组(图4)。
免疫组化检测结果显示,治疗3 d,模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面组织CD34阳性细胞百分比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3、10 d,模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面组织CD34阳性细胞百分比明显高于空白组(P<0.05);治疗10 d,生理盐水NPWTi组和复方五凤草液NPWTi组创面组织CD34阳性细胞百分比明显高于模型组(P<0.05),且复方五凤草液NPWTi组高于生理盐水NPWTi组(P<0.05,图5)。
ELISA法检测结果显示,治疗前及治疗3 d,模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠血液p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α、Arg-1、TGF-β水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前及治疗3、7 d,模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组和复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠血液p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平明显高于空白组(P<0.05),Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显低于空白组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3、7、10 d,空白组大鼠血液p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α、Arg-1、TGF-β水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗7、10 d,与模型组比较,生理盐水NPWTi组和复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠血液p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平明显降低(P<0.05),Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显升高(P<0.05);与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠血液iNOS、TNF-α水平明显降低(P<0.05)。治疗10 d,与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠血液p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65水平明显降低(P<0.05),Arg-1、TGF-β水平明显升高(P<0.05)(图6)。
RT-qPCR检测结果显示,治疗前及治疗3 d,模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠创面组织p38 MAPKNF-κB p65iNOSTNF-α mRNA相对表达水平明显高于空白组(P<0.05),Arg-1TGF‑β mRNA相对表达水平明显低于空白组(P<0.05);模型组、生理盐水NPWTi组与复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠创面组织p38 MAPKNF‑κB p65iNOSTNF-αArg-1TGF-β mRNA相对表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3、7、10 d空白组大鼠创面组织p38 MAPKNF‑κB p65iNOSTNF-αArg-1TGF-β mRNA相对表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗7 d,与模型组比较,生理盐水NPWTi组和复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠创面组织p38 MAPKNF‑κB p65iNOSTNF-α mRNA相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠创面组织Arg-1TGF‑β mRNA相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。治疗10 d,与模型组比较,生理盐水NPWTi组和复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠创面组织p38 MAPKNF‑κB p65iNOSTNF‑α mRNA相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Arg-1TGF‑β mRNA相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与生理盐水NPWTi组比较,复方五凤草液NPWTi组大鼠创面组织p38 MAPKNF-κB p65iNOSTNF‑α mRNA相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Arg-1TGF‑β mRNA相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)(图7)。
PI属于中医学“席疮”范畴,《外科启玄》载:“席疮乃久病着床之人,挨擦磨破而成”。多因久病气血两虚,经络瘀滞,肌肤失养,化腐致损,治疗需解毒祛腐、敛疮生肌。复方五凤草液中五凤草行水杀虫,祛腐解毒;白及敛疮止血,消肿生肌;猫爪草解毒消肿,诸药合用,使泄毒祛腐和生肌化新同时进行,毒邪得泄,气血得以化生则可生肌收口[19]。复方五凤草液前期主要用于治疗结核性溃疡,疗效显著[13],后将其扩展应用于PI等慢性难愈性创面的治疗,也有较好疗效,且临床发现其联合负压封闭治疗效果更佳[14]
NPWT使用多孔泡沫敷料覆盖创面并联合生物半透膜将创面由开放性转为闭合性,进行间歇性或持续性吸引,变被动引流为主动吸引引流,是治疗急、慢性创面和感染创面的重要方法[20]。NPWTi将NPWT与局部伤口滴注相结合,周期性地将溶液输送到伤口床,使液体彻底覆盖创面,稀释、溶解并清除炎性分泌物及坏死组织,从而清洁伤口[21]。研究发现,与常规NPWT相比,使用NPWTi更有利于伤口清洁和肉芽组织形成,且NPWTi在常规NPWT治疗失效后的复杂伤口中有效[20];NPWTi现已作为创面封闭之前的替代疗法,用于治疗各种大面积、慢性、复杂、深度难愈性创面[11]。有临床研究报道,24例压疮患者采用NPWTi治疗后,14例成功进行了皮瓣移植,其中1例NPWT治疗1个月无效,但在NPWTi治疗2周后成功进行皮瓣移植[22]。本研究发现,复方五凤草液NPWTi能有效降低PI患者PUSH评分和创面细菌培养阳性率,提高创面组织VEGF含量,缩短创面愈合时间,较生理盐水NPWTi更有利于压疮创面愈合,但其具体作用机制尚不明确。
在慢性创面修复过程中,巨噬细胞通过调节多种炎性因子和生长因子的分泌,使愈合过程从炎症阶段过渡到增殖阶段以促进创面愈合,充当了总指挥的作用[8]。当组织受到损伤后,巨噬细胞可迅速分化成促炎的M1型,产生促炎介质iNOS、TNF-α等,以杀灭入侵的病原体。随后,这些M1型巨噬细胞极化成抗炎/修复的M2型,通过产生抗炎细胞因子Arg-1、TGF-β等,来介导炎症消退和组织修复[23]。正常情况下,M1和M2型巨噬细胞极化处于动态平衡状态,而在PI中,巨噬细胞极化失衡,M1到M2表型转化中断,导致促炎因子的积累和抗炎因子的缺乏,最终导致创面愈合受损[9]。因此,促进巨噬细胞M1型向M2型转换是慢性创面愈合的关键。
本课题组前期从巨噬细胞极化平衡角度对复方五凤草液治疗慢性创面的作用机制进行了初步探索,发现复方五凤草液可能是通过调节M1型巨噬细胞向M2型极化来促进慢性创面的愈合[24]。但巨噬细胞的极化过程涉及多条经典的信号通路,其中p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路尤为重要[10]。p38 MAPK是调节外周组织炎症性疾病中促炎细胞因子产生的最成熟的信号转导级联反应之一[25];该通路在低氧及紫外线等刺激下可发生磷酸化,从细胞质转移至细胞核内,激活下游NF-κB信号通路,诱导巨噬细胞向M1型极化,导致巨噬细胞极化失衡[10]。NF-κB p65是NF-κB中分布最广、作用最强的亚基,其磷酸化后既可减少抗炎因子的释放,又可增加炎性因子的活性,影响细胞组织修复功能[26]。已有研究表明,p38 MAPK和NF-κB水平升高是导致PI发生的重要原因[27],且p38 MAPK/NF-κB在组织修复过程中参与M1到M2的转化过程,并调节巨噬细胞表型相关因子的表达[28],通过调控p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路可以抑制巨噬细胞向M1型极化,并促进其向M2型极化。
本研究动物实验表明,复方五凤草液NPWTi能降低大鼠创面形态评分,改善创面组织病理学形态,促进创面组织血管生成标志物CD34的表达,并能有效降低血液及创面组织炎性因子p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65、iNOS、TNF-α水平,增高抗炎因子Arg-1、TGF-β水平,治疗效果明显优于生理盐水NPWTi。由此推测,复方五凤草液NPWTi能有效地减轻创面炎症反应,刺激新生血管生成,促进创面组织修复,其作用机制可能是通过降低p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65的表达,进而抑制巨噬细胞向M1型极化以及促进其向M2型极化来实现的。本课题组前期药理研究表明,复方五凤草液中含有没食子酸、原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸、槲皮素、柚皮素等化学成分[29],其中没食子酸和槲皮素对p38 MAPK、NF-κB的活化具有抑制作用[30-31],且没食子酸可以通过抑制巨噬细胞向M1型的极化而发挥抗炎作用[32],与本研究结果一致。
综上所述,复方五凤草液NPWTi可有效促进压疮创面的愈合,其作用机制可能是通过抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的活化及表达,进而调节M1/M2巨噬细胞极化平衡。但p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路与巨噬细胞极化之间的具体作用靶点尚不清晰,且复方五凤草液发挥作用的主要有效成分有待深入研究。未来可对复方五凤草液的有效化学单体成分进行筛选,并开展化学单体成分对压疮的实验研究,以阐明复方五凤草液NPWTi对PI的具体调控机制。
  • 江苏省中医药管理局重点项目(ZD202105)
  • 南京市卫健委重点项目(ZKX20049)
  • 许芝银全国名中医专家工作室([宁卫财务2019]26号)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2664.2023.0822
  • 接收时间:2022-12-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-27
  • 录用日期:2023-02-23
基金
Key Project of Jiangsu Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZD202105)
江苏省中医药管理局重点项目(ZD202105)
Key Projects of Nanjing Municipal Health Commission(ZKX20049)
南京市卫健委重点项目(ZKX20049)
Xu Zhiyin National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Studio [Ningwei Finance 2019]No. 26
许芝银全国名中医专家工作室([宁卫财务2019]26号)
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    南京中医药大学附属南京市中西医结合医院瘰疬科,江苏南京 210014

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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