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Article(id=1198619429673206504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198619422425448948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0402.2023.1011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678982400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1684339200000, acceptedDateStr=2023-05-18, onlineDate=1763702741305, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763702741305, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763702741305, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763702741305, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198619422425448948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='489', pageEnd='610', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763702739578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763702927730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198620211667628088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198619422425448948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198620211667628089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198619422425448948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=550, endPage=556, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198619430373655316, articleId=1198619429673206504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect and possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on motor function of neurons in Parkinson's disease mice, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the effects of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on motor function in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore its potential mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and WYP group, with 8 mice in each group. Mice in model and WYP group were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine for 7 consecutive days to establish a PD model. From the 1st day of model preparation, mice in WYP group were gavaged with WYP solution [16 g/(kg·d)] twice daily for 14 consecutive days. At the same time, mice in control group and model group were gavaged with 0.9% NaCl solution [50 ml/(kg·d)] twice a day. Gait experiment was utilized to assess the behavioral performance of mice in each group. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra region, the fluorescence intensity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the number of NeuN neurons co-labeled with Nrf2 in each group. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression levels of TH, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue of mice in each group. Results The gait experiment results showed that, compared with control group, standing time of the left front paw, right front paw, left hind paw, and right hind paw of the mice in model group was significantly shortened (P<0.01), while swinging time of the left front paw, right front paw, left hind paw, and right hind paw was significantly prolonged (P<0.05). Compared with model group, standing time of the left front paw and right hind paw of the mice in WYP group was significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while swing time of the left front paw and right front paw was significantly shortened (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting results showed that, compared with control group, in model group the number of TH-positive cells, average fluorescence intensity of Nrf2, and HO-1 levels decreased (P<0.01), while the Keap-1 protein level increased (P<0.01), and the number of Nrf2 expression on NeuN neurons decreased (P<0.001). Compared with model group, the number of TH-positive cells, average fluorescence intensity of Nrf2, HO-1 level, and the number of Nrf2 expression on NeuN neurons in the brain tissue of mice in WYP group increased (P<0.05), while Keap-1 protein level decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions WYP could alleviate the motor dysfunction and protect dopaminergic neurons in PD mice. The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress response.

, correspAuthors=Bo Zhang, Zhi Chai, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Chai Zhi, E-mail:
Zhang Bo, E-mail:
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目的 观察五子衍宗丸(WYP)对帕金森病模型小鼠运动功能的作用及其可能的机制。方法 24只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和WYP组，每组8只。模型组及WYP组小鼠连续7 d腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶，建立帕金森病模型。WYP组小鼠从模型制备第1天开始，连续14 d采用WYP药液[16 g/(kg.d)]灌胃，2次/d；对照组和模型组同一时间用0.9%氯化钠溶液[50 ml/(kg.d)]灌胃，2次/d。步态实验检测各组小鼠行为学表现；免疫荧光染色检测各组小鼠黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性细胞数，核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)的荧光强度和NeuN神经元与Nrf2a共染细胞数；Western blotting检测各组小鼠脑组织TH、Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap-1)、Nrf2、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的表达水平。结果 步态实验结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组小鼠左前爪、右前爪、左后爪、右后爪站立时间均明显缩短(P<0.01)，左前爪、右前爪、左后爪、右后爪摆动时间均明显延长(P<0.05)；与模型组比较，WYP组小鼠左前爪、右后爪站立时间延长(P<0.05)，左前爪、右前爪摆动时间缩短(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色和Western blotting检测结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组TH阳性细胞数与蛋白、Nrf2平均荧光强度与蛋白、HO-1水平降低(P<0.01)，Keap-1水平增高(P<0.01)，NeuN神经元与Nrf2共染细胞数降低(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组小鼠脑组织TH阳性细胞数与蛋白、Nrf2平均荧光强度与蛋白、HO-1水平、NeuN神经元与Nrf2共染细胞数均增高(P<0.05)，Keap-1蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。结论 五子衍宗丸可缓解帕金森病小鼠运动功能障碍，保护多巴胺能神经元，其作用机制可能与调控Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激反应有关。

, correspAuthors=张波, 柴智, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
柴智，E-mail：
张波，E-mail：
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潘涛，硕士研究生，主要从事脑病防治理论与技术方面的研究

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潘涛，硕士研究生，主要从事脑病防治理论与技术方面的研究

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潘涛，硕士研究生，主要从事脑病防治理论与技术方面的研究

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WYP. 五子衍宗丸；LF. 左前爪；RF. 右前爪；LH. 左后爪；RH. 右后爪；A. 站立时间；B. 摆动时间；*P<0.05，**P<0.01，***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=Bwm0cdkNzAGc8iNRj65bAA==, figureFileBig=VMyqpwXSFwHk6L5D+IDGaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198619438913257523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619429673206504, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of WYP on the dopaminergic neurons of mice with Parkinson's disease, figureFileSmall=1QeGeCz/WDoSvLm60XAwnA==, figureFileBig=BSITg8/AFAhF1vBLj2ZJAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198619439013920822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619429673206504, language=CN, label=图2, caption=五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠多巴胺能神经元的影响

WYP. 五子衍宗丸；TH. 酪氨酸羟化酶；A. 各组小鼠黑质纹状体区TH阳性细胞数(免疫荧光染色)；B. 各组小鼠TH蛋白的表达水平(Western blotting)；*P<0.05，**P<0.01，***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=1QeGeCz/WDoSvLm60XAwnA==, figureFileBig=BSITg8/AFAhF1vBLj2ZJAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198619439118778422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619429673206504, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of WYP on Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in brain of mice with Parkinson's disease, figureFileSmall=HPvwtIQcm2GdbM1LadmCjg==, figureFileBig=OZqK+B9jb5UipblHIYchCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198619439215247416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619429673206504, language=CN, label=图3, caption=五子衍宗丸对PD小鼠Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路的影响

WYP. 五子衍宗丸；Nrf2. 核因子E2相关因子2；Keap-1. Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1；HO-1. 血红素加氧酶-1；A. 各组小鼠Nrf2的表达水平(免疫荧光染色)；B. 各组小鼠Keap-1、Nrf2、HO-1的表达水平(Western blotting)；*P<0.05，**P<0.01，***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=HPvwtIQcm2GdbM1LadmCjg==, figureFileBig=OZqK+B9jb5UipblHIYchCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198619439332687930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619429673206504, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of the numbers of Nrf2 with NeuN neuron in mice of each group (Immunofluorescence staining), figureFileSmall=OJ3fuRNCHjpRd5Ju4l3Gew==, figureFileBig=xIlVl7jKuNRnFPKax2/t4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198619439420768316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619429673206504, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组小鼠Nrf2和NeuN神经元共染细胞数比较(免疫荧光染色)

WYP. 五子衍宗丸；Nrf2. 核因子E2相关因子2；*P<0.05，***P<0.001

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五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠神经元运动功能的作用及其可能的机制
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潘涛 1 , 肖琪 1 , 樊慧杰 1 , 徐磊 1 , 贾璐 1 , 秦劭晨 2 , 王利然 3 , 马存根 1 , 张波 1, * , 柴智 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(5): 550-556
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(5): 550-556
五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠神经元运动功能的作用及其可能的机制
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潘涛1, 肖琪1, 樊慧杰1, 徐磊1, 贾璐1, 秦劭晨2, 王利然3, 马存根1, 张波1, * , 柴智1, *
作者信息
  • 1山西中医药大学多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/神经生物学研究中心，山西晋中 030619
  • 2山西中医药大学第一临床学院，山西太原 030024
  • 3山西中医药大学第二临床学院，山西太原 030012

    • 潘涛，硕士研究生，主要从事脑病防治理论与技术方面的研究

通讯作者:

柴智，E-mail：
张波，E-mail：
Effect and possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on motor function of neurons in Parkinson's disease mice
Tao Pan1, Qi Xiao1, Hui-Jie Fan1, Lei Xu1, Lu Jia1, Shao-Chen Qin2, Li-Ran Wang3, Cun-Gen Ma1, Bo Zhang1, * , Zhi Chai1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China
  • 2The First Clinical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
  • 3The Second Clinical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0402.2023.1011
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摘要
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目的 观察五子衍宗丸(WYP)对帕金森病模型小鼠运动功能的作用及其可能的机制。方法 24只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和WYP组，每组8只。模型组及WYP组小鼠连续7 d腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶，建立帕金森病模型。WYP组小鼠从模型制备第1天开始，连续14 d采用WYP药液[16 g/(kg.d)]灌胃，2次/d；对照组和模型组同一时间用0.9%氯化钠溶液[50 ml/(kg.d)]灌胃，2次/d。步态实验检测各组小鼠行为学表现；免疫荧光染色检测各组小鼠黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性细胞数，核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)的荧光强度和NeuN神经元与Nrf2a共染细胞数；Western blotting检测各组小鼠脑组织TH、Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap-1)、Nrf2、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的表达水平。结果 步态实验结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组小鼠左前爪、右前爪、左后爪、右后爪站立时间均明显缩短(P<0.01)，左前爪、右前爪、左后爪、右后爪摆动时间均明显延长(P<0.05)；与模型组比较，WYP组小鼠左前爪、右后爪站立时间延长(P<0.05)，左前爪、右前爪摆动时间缩短(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色和Western blotting检测结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组TH阳性细胞数与蛋白、Nrf2平均荧光强度与蛋白、HO-1水平降低(P<0.01)，Keap-1水平增高(P<0.01)，NeuN神经元与Nrf2共染细胞数降低(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组小鼠脑组织TH阳性细胞数与蛋白、Nrf2平均荧光强度与蛋白、HO-1水平、NeuN神经元与Nrf2共染细胞数均增高(P<0.05)，Keap-1蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。结论 五子衍宗丸可缓解帕金森病小鼠运动功能障碍，保护多巴胺能神经元，其作用机制可能与调控Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激反应有关。

五子衍宗丸  /  帕金森病  /  Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路  /  神经元

Objective To observe the effects of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on motor function in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore its potential mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and WYP group, with 8 mice in each group. Mice in model and WYP group were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine for 7 consecutive days to establish a PD model. From the 1st day of model preparation, mice in WYP group were gavaged with WYP solution [16 g/(kg·d)] twice daily for 14 consecutive days. At the same time, mice in control group and model group were gavaged with 0.9% NaCl solution [50 ml/(kg·d)] twice a day. Gait experiment was utilized to assess the behavioral performance of mice in each group. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra region, the fluorescence intensity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the number of NeuN neurons co-labeled with Nrf2 in each group. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression levels of TH, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue of mice in each group. Results The gait experiment results showed that, compared with control group, standing time of the left front paw, right front paw, left hind paw, and right hind paw of the mice in model group was significantly shortened (P<0.01), while swinging time of the left front paw, right front paw, left hind paw, and right hind paw was significantly prolonged (P<0.05). Compared with model group, standing time of the left front paw and right hind paw of the mice in WYP group was significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while swing time of the left front paw and right front paw was significantly shortened (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting results showed that, compared with control group, in model group the number of TH-positive cells, average fluorescence intensity of Nrf2, and HO-1 levels decreased (P<0.01), while the Keap-1 protein level increased (P<0.01), and the number of Nrf2 expression on NeuN neurons decreased (P<0.001). Compared with model group, the number of TH-positive cells, average fluorescence intensity of Nrf2, HO-1 level, and the number of Nrf2 expression on NeuN neurons in the brain tissue of mice in WYP group increased (P<0.05), while Keap-1 protein level decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions WYP could alleviate the motor dysfunction and protect dopaminergic neurons in PD mice. The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress response.

Wuzi Yanzong Pill  /  Parkinson's disease  /  Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway  /  neuron
潘涛, 肖琪, 樊慧杰, 徐磊, 贾璐, 秦劭晨, 王利然, 马存根, 张波, 柴智. 五子衍宗丸对帕金森病小鼠神经元运动功能的作用及其可能的机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (5) : 550 -556 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0402.2023.1011
Tao Pan, Qi Xiao, Hui-Jie Fan, Lei Xu, Lu Jia, Shao-Chen Qin, Li-Ran Wang, Cun-Gen Ma, Bo Zhang, Zhi Chai. Effect and possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Pill on motor function of neurons in Parkinson's disease mice[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (5) : 550 -556 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0402.2023.1011
正文
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帕金森病(Parkinson's disease，PD)是以中脑黑质多巴胺(dopamine，DA)能神经元丢失为特征的全球第二大神经退行性疾病[1-2]。氧化应激(oxidative stress，OS)是生物系统中氧化剂和抗氧化剂之间的不平衡产生的一种状况。这种不平衡状况的发生，可能导致神经元损伤，最终导致PD的发生[3-4]。目前，左旋多巴是PD的主要治疗药物，但长时间服用时不良反应较多，疗效较低[5]。随着人口老龄化的加重，PD的药物治疗需求进一步增加，期待有更多的研究突破[6-7]。近年来，中医药在PD治疗方面取得一定进展，中药复方的使用也获得了部分成果[8]。根据中医“肾脑相济”理论，本课题组选用补肾复方五子衍宗丸(Wuzi Yanzong Pill，WYP)，观察其对PD的治疗效果，结果显示WYP对PD小鼠具有神经保护作用，可能与抑制PD小鼠脑中炎症和氧化应激有关[9-11]。本研究采用1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导建立PD小鼠模型，通过检测Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(recombinant kelch like ECH associated protein 1，Keap-1)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase 1，HO-1)的表达情况，旨在进一步探讨WYP抑制氧化应激保护PD小鼠DA能神经元的作用机制。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 实验动物
24只8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠，体重18~22 g，购自北京维通利华实验动物有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号：SCXK(京)2016-0006]。小鼠在温度20~25 ℃、湿度40%~60%、12 h/12 h明暗交替、SPF级动物房条件下适应性饲养1周，自由饮水、进食和活动。本研究获山西中医药大学实验室委员会和伦理委员会审批(2021DW268)。实验过程符合国家及单位有关动物管理和使用的规定。
1.2 药物
WYP购自太原市同仁堂药店(生产商：北京同仁堂股份有限公司同仁堂制药厂；批号：20035036)。WYP由枸杞子、菟丝子(炒)、覆盆子、五味子(蒸)、车前子(盐炒)五味中药炮制而成。本品性状为棕褐色水蜜丸，规格为60 g/盒，0.1 g/粒，口服，6 g/次，2次/d。将其研磨成微细粉末，用0.9%氯化钠注射液配制成0.32 g/ml 的WYP药液，灌胃前放于水浴锅中加热并充分混匀，现配现用。
1.3 主要试剂及仪器
MPTP(M0896)购自美国Sigma公司；酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase，TH)抗体(#58844)、Keap-1抗体(#8047)、Nrf2抗体(#12721)、HO-1抗体(#43966)购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司；NeuN抗体(66836-1-IG)购自美国Proteintech公司；β-actin抗体(AP0060)、HRP羊抗兔IgG抗体(ZJ2020-R)均购自美国Bioworld公司；山羊抗兔IgG Alexa Fluor® 594抗体(ab150080)、驴抗小鼠IgG Alexa Fluor® 488抗体(ab150105)购自美国Abcam公司；增强型RIPA裂解液(AR0102)购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司。Digi Gait动物步态检测分析系统(型号：MSI-DIG-RT，美国MSI公司)；多功能酶标仪(型号SpectraMax Plus384，美国Molecular Devices公司)；凝胶成像仪(型号C300，美国Azure Biosystems公司)；酶标仪(型号：C-1150，德国Leica公司)；高速冷冻离心机(型号：5840，德国Eppendorf公司)；荧光显微镜(型号：DM4000B，德国Leica公司)。
1.4 动物分组、造模及给药
采用随机数字表法将24只小鼠均分为对照组、模型组及WYP组，每组8只。模型组、WYP组小鼠腹腔注射MPTP建立PD模型，0.2 ml/次，1次/d，连续7 d；MPTP浓度：第1天为15 mg/kg，第2天为20 mg/kg，第3~7天为30 mg/kg。WYP组小鼠从模型制备第1天开始，采用WYP药液[16 g/(kg.d)]灌胃，早晚各1次，每次间隔12 h，连续14 d[6-8]；对照组和模型组小鼠同一时间用0.9%氯化钠溶液[50 ml/(kg.d)]灌胃，早晚各1次，每次间隔12 h，连续14 d。
1.5 步态实验观察小鼠四肢的站立时间和摆动时间
连续14 d药物干预后，进行步态实验。采用DigiGait动物步态检测分析系统记录、分析各组小鼠的步态表现：站立时间和摆动时间。保持测试环境安静，将小鼠放入水平步态仪的透明隔间中保证小鼠在摄像头的摄影范围内，跑带速度固定为15 cm/s，连续拍摄10 s。每只小鼠进行3次实验，每次间隔时间≥10 min，取均值进行统计学分析。
1.6 小鼠脑组织样本采集及制备
各组小鼠完成步态检测后进行脑组织采集制备。根据随机数字表法，每组选取4只小鼠的脑组织用于免疫荧光染色。实验小鼠深度麻醉后，暴露心脏和肝部位；0.9%氯化钠溶液(约20 ml/只)进行心脏灌注，直至肝发白后，4%多聚甲醛溶液(约50 ml/只)心脏灌注，取出完整脑组织，4 ℃冰箱中用4%多聚甲醛溶液浸泡固定24 h。固定完成后，进行3 d的10%、20%、30%蔗糖溶液梯度脱水。OCT包埋后进行冷冻切片(厚度10 μm)。其余4只小鼠脑组织用于Western blotting检测，用0.9%氯化钠溶液(约20 ml/只)进行心脏灌注，待肝脏发白后，取出脑组织黑质纹状体部分；加入RIPA裂解缓冲液，置于冰上充分研磨裂解1 h。将裂解后的脑组织于4 ℃条件下，12 000 r/min离心20 min。取上清液分装入EP管内，放置于-80℃冰箱保存备用。
1.7 免疫荧光染色检测小鼠脑组织TH、NeuN、Nrf2水平
将冷冻脑组织切片室温静置15 min，切片浸入4%多聚甲醛溶液中15 min，洗去OCT包埋剂。切片室温晾干后，用免疫组化笔圈出脑组织范围，切勿覆盖脑组织。将切片浸入含有0.3% Triton X-100的PBS中，室温孵育30 min。均匀滴加抗TH(1∶500)、NeuN(1∶500)、Nrf2(1∶500)抗体，4 ℃孵育过夜。第2天TBST清洗后，IgG荧光二抗抗体(1∶500)室温避光孵育2 h，滴加DAPI孵育10 min。室温晾干，防淬灭封片液封片。荧光显微镜下观察切片，采用ImageJ图像分析软件进行分析。
1.8 Western Blotting检测小鼠脑组织TH、Keap-1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平
BCA法测定蛋白上清液浓度。蛋白上清液加入上样缓冲液加热变性。经10%SDS-PAGE电泳分离后，转膜，5%脱脂牛奶封闭30 min，滴加抗TH(1∶1000)、Keap-1(1∶1000)、Nrf2(1∶1000)、HO-1(1∶1000)和β-actin(1∶5000)抗体4 ℃孵育过夜。第2天，TBST洗膜后，HRP羊抗兔IgG(1∶5000)室温孵育2 h，ECL化学发光液显影，采用Image J软件分析条带灰度值。
1.9 统计学处理
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析。本研究数据均为计量资料，符合正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示，多组间比较采用单因素方差分析，进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
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2.1 WYP对PD小鼠步态行为的影响
步态实验结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组小鼠左前爪、右前爪、左后爪、右后爪站立时间均明显缩短(P<0.01或P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组小鼠左前爪、右后爪站立时间明显延长(P<0.05，P<0.01)，右前爪、左后爪的站立时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图1A)。与对照组比较，模型组小鼠左前爪、右前爪、左后爪、右后爪摆动时间均明显延长(P<0.05)；与模型组比较，WYP组小鼠左前爪、右前爪摆动时间均明显缩短(P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001)，左后爪、右后爪的摆动时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05，图1B)。
2.2 WYP对PD小鼠DA能神经元的影响
免疫荧光染色结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组TH阳性细胞数减少(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组TH阳性细胞数增多(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组的TH蛋白水平降低(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组的TH蛋白水平升高(P<0.01，图2)。
2.3 WYP对PD小鼠Keap-1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达的影响
免疫荧光染色结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组Nrf2平均荧光强度明显降低(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组Nrf2平均荧光强度增高(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组Keap-1蛋白水平升高(P<0.01)，HO-1、Nrf2蛋白水平降低(P<0.01)；与模型组比较，WYP组Keap-1蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)，Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平升高(P<0.05，图3)。
2.4 WYP通过调节PD小鼠脑内Nrf2对NeuN神经元的影响
免疫荧光染色结果显示，与对照组比较，模型组Nrf2和NeuN共染细胞数减少(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，WYP组Nrf2和NeuN共染细胞数增多(P<0.05，图4)。
3 讨论
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PD在中医中属“颤病”范畴。中医理论认为PD病位在筋脉与脑，与肝、脾、肺、肾等有关，肾藏精生髓充脑，肾不藏精则会导致PD发病，临床治疗以补肝益肾为主[12-13]。随着全球人口老龄化加重，PD的患病率也随之增高。临床迫切需要药效更强的PD治疗药物。WYP出自唐代的《道藏·悬解录》，是补肾益精之良方。本课题组前期研究显示，经WYP治疗后脑组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平明显降低，丙二醛(MDA)水平升高，WYP可能通过抗氧化作用，改善MPTP诱导的PD小鼠行为学表现，保护DA能神经元[7]。
由于PD影响大脑的运动和认知功能，PD患者的步态姿势会表现出多种异常，步态障碍成为PD患者的主要运动障碍之一[14-15]。本研究通过DigiGait动物步态检测分析系统检测PD小鼠的步态变化，结果显示，MPTP注射后小鼠四肢的站立时间明显缩短，摆动时间明显延长，表现出明显的步态障碍；经过14 d WYP干预后，PD小鼠左前爪、右后爪站立时间延长，左前爪、右前爪摆动时间缩短。这一结果与前期研究一致，提示WYP治疗可缓解PD小鼠的运动功能障碍。
PD是一种进展缓慢的神经系统疾病，可影响黑质致密部(SNpc)的DA能神经元，其特征在于其纹状体末端的DA减少[16]。TH是DA合成通路上的限速酶，被认为在PD的病理生理中起重要作用[17]。本研究免疫荧光检测结果显示，WYP治疗后PD小鼠脑组织中TH阳性细胞数目增多；Western blotting检测结果也显示，WYP治疗后PD小鼠脑组织中TH蛋白表达水平明显升高。以上结果提示，WYP可增加PD小鼠脑组织中的TH表达，进而对DA能神经元发挥保护作用。
虽然PD的发病机制尚不明确，但氧化应激被认为是引发DA能神经元变性，导致PD发生和进展的核心因素[18-20]。遗传和环境因素均可导致氧化应激。针对氧化应激，人体具有由多种抗氧化剂和细胞保护基因组成的抗氧化防御机制，这些基因的表达主要由Keap-1/Nrf2/抗氧化反应元件(ARE)信号通路控制[21]。Keap-1是Keap-1-Nrf2系统的重要组成部分，可通过感知氧化应激和调节Nrf2的活性来保护细胞免受氧化损伤[22]。Nrf2在抗氧化应激中发挥关键作用，可调节抗氧化基因如HO-1的表达。当细胞在氧化应激条件下暴露于过量的内源性或外源性活性氧(ROS)时，Nrf2与Keap-1解离，迁移到细胞核并发挥其功能，增强HO-1的活性[23]。在MPTP诱导的PD小鼠模型中，氧化应激可直接损伤一些DA能神经元[24]。Luo等[25]发现，从中国芹菜种子中分离出来的化合物Dl-丁基苯酞，可通过Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1途径抑制鱼藤酮诱导的小胶质细胞氧化应激，从而治疗PD。白藜芦醇可增强STAT1和Keap-1的抑制作用，上调Nrf2和SLC7A11基因的表达，减轻BV-2细胞中鱼藤酮诱导的炎症和氧化应激[26]。山栀苷可通过调控Keap-1/Nrf/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激反应，对6-OHDA损伤的SH-SY5Y细胞发挥保护作用[27]。本研究也显示，WYP可降低PD小鼠脑组织Keap-1的表达水平，并提高Nrf2和HO-1的表达水平，促进NeuN神经元细胞Nrf2的表达。笔者认为，WYP可能通过调控Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激反应，对神经元起到保护作用。
综上所述，本研究结果显示，WYP可缓解PD小鼠运动功能障碍，保护DA能神经元，其作用机制可能与调控Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激有关。由于PD的发生机制复杂，WYP治疗PD的具体机制尚待进一步探索。
基金
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  • 国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者培养项目[国中医药人教函(2022)256号]
  • 山西省重点国别科技合作项目(202204041101002)
  • 山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划项目(晋组办字[2019]35号文)
  • 山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2021-142)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第49卷第5期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0402.2023.1011
  • 接收时间：2023-03-17
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-03-17
  • 录用日期：2023-05-18
基金
National Young Qihuang Scholars Training Program [(2022)No.256]
国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者培养项目[国中医药人教函(2022)256号]
Key National Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Shanxi Province(202204041101002)
山西省重点国别科技合作项目(202204041101002)
Outstanding Youth Talents Program of Shanxi Province ([2019]No.35)
山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划项目(晋组办字[2019]35号文)
Research Project of Shanxi Scholarship Council(2021-142)
山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2021-142)
作者信息
    1山西中医药大学多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/神经生物学研究中心，山西晋中 030619
    2山西中医药大学第一临床学院，山西太原 030024
    3山西中医药大学第二临床学院，山西太原 030012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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