Article(id=1198619426674274851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198619422425448948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0903.2024.0131, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687881600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1696694400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-10-08, onlineDate=1763702740591, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763702740591, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763702740591, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763702740591, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198619422425448948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='489', pageEnd='610', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763702739578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763702927730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198620211667628088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198619422425448948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198620211667628089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198619422425448948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=542, endPage=549, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198619426930127400, articleId=1198619426674274851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on Hcy-induced mouse hepatocyte injury and its mechanism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on hepatocyte injury induced by homocysteine (Hcy). Methods Normal C3H/An mouse hepatocytes (NCTC 1469) were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of Hcy (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 μmol/L). The optimal concentrations of Hcy-treated NCTC 1469 cells were detected by MTT assay. When the cells reached the logarithmic growth stage, the conditions were set up as follows: (1) control group (cultured with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% horse serum) and Hcy group (treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy solution for 48 h), and the cells were collected. Cell viability staining was used to detect apoptosis, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity detection kit was used to detect AST and ALT activities, RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of YAP1, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b mRAN, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of YAP1 protein, nested methylation specific PCR (nMS-PCR) was used to detect DNA methylation rates in the YAP1 promoter region. (2) Control group, LBP group, Hcy group and Hcy+LBP group. LBP group was treated with 4 mg/ml LBP solution for 2 h, Hcy group and Hcy+LBP group were treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy solution for 48 h, and Hcy+LBP group was treated with 4 mg/ml LBP solution at 46 h, and the cells were collected. The expression levels of YAP1, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b mRAN were detected by RT-qPCR; the expression of YAP1, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by Western blotting; AST/ALT activity detection kit was used to detect AST and ALT activities. Prediction of DNA methylation CpG islands in YAP1 promoter region by bioinformatics. Results NCTC 1469 cells were treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy according to the results of MTT assay. Compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of Hcy group increased (P<0.01), the activities of ALT and AST increased (P<0.001), the mRAN and protein expression levels of YAP1 decreased (P<0.001), and the methylation rate of YAP1 promoter region increased (P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b increased (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Compared with Hcy group, the mRNA expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the Hcy+LBP group decreased (P<0.001), the mRAN and protein expression levels of YAP1 significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.001). In addition, in the Hcy+LBP group, cells showed significantly elevated of Bcl-2 protein (P<0.001), but decreased Bax protein (P<0.001), and decreased activities of ALT and AST (P<0.001). Conclusions The decrease of YAP1 expression may be the key process of Hcy induced injury of NCTC 1469 cells, and the methylation of the YAP1 promoter region may be the molecular mechanism of Hcy induced YAP1 expression change. LBP may improve NCTC 1469 cell damage induced by Hcy by positively regulating YAP1 expression.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Li Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨枸杞多糖(LBP)对同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)诱导的小鼠肝细胞损伤的作用及其机制。方法 体外培养正常C3H/An小鼠肝细胞(NCTC 1469),采用不同浓度的Hcy(0、50、100、200、500 μmol/L)处理NCTC 1469细胞,使用MTT法检测不同浓度Hcy对细胞活性的影响。取对数生长期细胞,设置:(1)对照组(采用10%马血清的DMEM培养基培养)与Hcy组(采用100 μmol/L Hcy溶液处理48 h),收集细胞。采用细胞活力染色检测细胞凋亡情况,谷草转氨酶(AST)/谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性检测试剂盒检测AST、ALT活性,RT-qPCR检测YAP1(Yes相关蛋白1)、DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRAN的表达,Western blotting检测YAP1蛋白的表达,巢式甲基化特异性PCR(nMS-PCR)检测YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化率。(2)对照组、LBP组、Hcy组与Hcy+LBP组,LBP组采用4 mg/ml LBP溶液处理2 h,Hcy组、Hcy+LBP采用100 μmol/L Hcy溶液处理48 h,46 h时Hcy+LBP组加入4 mg/ml LBP溶液处理,收集细胞。采用RT-qPCR检测YAP1、DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRAN的表达,Western blotting检测YAP1Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,AST/ALT活性检测试剂盒检测AST、ALT活性。采用生物信息学方法预测YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化CpG岛。结果 根据MTT法检测结果,选择100 μmol/L Hcy处理NCTC 1469细胞进行后续实验。与对照组比较,Hcy组细胞凋亡率增高(P<0.01),ALT、AST活性增高(P<0.001),YAP1 mRAN和蛋白相对表达水平降低(P<0.001),YAP1启动子区域甲基化率增高(P<0.01),DNA甲基化酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平增高(P<0.01或P<0.001)。与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组DNA甲基化酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.001),YAP1 mRAN和蛋白相对表达水平明显增高(P<0.01或P<0.001),Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001),Bax蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.001),ALT、AST活性降低(P<0.001)。结论 YAP1表达降低可能是Hcy诱导的小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤的关键过程,YAP1启动子区域甲基化的改变可能是Hcy引起YAP1表达变化的分子机制。LBP可能通过正向调节YAP1的表达改善Hcy引起的小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤。

, correspAuthors=王晓丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王晓丽,E-mail:
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王佩佩,硕士研究生,主要从事中医药防治脑病、肝病的基础与临床研究

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王佩佩,硕士研究生,主要从事中医药防治脑病、肝病的基础与临床研究

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Hcy. 同型半胱氨酸;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=JXEna3ku6PyeVPm5TWy2BQ==, figureFileBig=lAg/OC8MrKys8hZh7th8/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630239787122698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of Hcy on apoptosis of mouse NCTC 1469 cells, figureFileSmall=DVxpNU4P24gDNoKiNwSaNw==, figureFileBig=uuFYWjKV3Gj8U9TODD5a5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630239858425869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Hcy对小鼠NCTC 1469细胞凋亡的影响

Hcy. 同型半胱氨酸;ALT. 谷丙转氨酶;AST. 谷草转氨酶;A. 细胞活力染色实验检测细胞凋亡情况(n=3,×40);红色为Cy3染死细胞,绿色为FITC染活细胞,蓝色为DAPI染细胞核;B. ALT、AST活性;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=DVxpNU4P24gDNoKiNwSaNw==, figureFileBig=uuFYWjKV3Gj8U9TODD5a5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630239933923344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Expression of YAP1 in mouse NCTC 1469 cells detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting (n=3), figureFileSmall=6Jtxx9MR5PchdnmR8CO2Zg==, figureFileBig=H2S0h6Zeuemz8q7P2x3wtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240001032211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=图3, caption=RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测YAP1在小鼠NCTC 1469细胞中的表达(n=3)

Hcy. 同型半胱氨酸;YAP1. Yes相关蛋白1;A. YAP1 mRNA表达情况;B. YAP1蛋白表达情况;***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=6Jtxx9MR5PchdnmR8CO2Zg==, figureFileBig=H2S0h6Zeuemz8q7P2x3wtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240084918294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Bioinformatics analysis of YAP1 promoter region, figureFileSmall=Uuy5b1KD2ocXLhvrwE6d1w==, figureFileBig=a54KgfJ9kmMg2CWf8513ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240181387288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=图4, caption=YAP1(Yes相关蛋白1)启动子区的生物信息学分析, figureFileSmall=Uuy5b1KD2ocXLhvrwE6d1w==, figureFileBig=a54KgfJ9kmMg2CWf8513ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240277856282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of Hcy on methylation of YAP1 promoter region, figureFileSmall=sz31CGBcrq/2V4y4U95GpQ==, figureFileBig=W6XE21we+RW6Ks1kvSYnQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240424656925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Hcy对YAP1启动子区域甲基化水平的影响

Hcy. 同型半胱氨酸;A. Hcy对甲基转移酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA表达的影响;B. Hcy对YAP1启动子区域甲基化的影响;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=sz31CGBcrq/2V4y4U95GpQ==, figureFileBig=W6XE21we+RW6Ks1kvSYnQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240504348704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of LBP on the expression of DNA methyltransferase and YAP1 in mouse NCTC 1469 cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=bFn2Qs+SzuiSzD6QBJW27Q==, figureFileBig=sT612PlrPMrfHMdHqeL+rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630240579846178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=图6, caption=LBP对小鼠NCTC 1469细胞中DNA甲基转移酶及YAP1表达的影响(n=3)

Hcy. 同型半胱氨酸;LBP. 枸杞多糖;A. RT-qPCR检测DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRNA的表达;B. RT-qPCR检测YAP1 mRNA的表达;C. Western blotting检测YAP1蛋白的表达;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=bFn2Qs+SzuiSzD6QBJW27Q==, figureFileBig=sT612PlrPMrfHMdHqeL+rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630241691336740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of LBP on mouse NCTC 1469 cell damage, figureFileSmall=yPvWBV4h9EknR8SU/fCyDQ==, figureFileBig=N9Up7O5PupgqvtUJhagjqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630241804582951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=图7, caption=LBP对小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤的影响

Hcy. 同型半胱氨酸;LBP. 枸杞多糖;ALT. 谷丙转氨酶;AST. 谷草转氨酶;A. Western blotting检测Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达;B. ALT和AST活性;***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=yPvWBV4h9EknR8SU/fCyDQ==, figureFileBig=N9Up7O5PupgqvtUJhagjqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198630241884274730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Methylation of the primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
YAP1-外引物正向:TGTTGAAAATAATGGATTTTTATTAATATT
反向:CCCTTAACTACAAAAAATTCTTCC
YAP1-甲基化正向:AGTTCGTATAGGCGTTTCGTTC
反向:CTTAACTACAAAAAATTCTTCCGCT
YAP1-非甲基化正向:AAGTTTGTATAGGTGTTTTGTTTGG
反向:CTTAACTACAAAAAATTCTTCCACT
), ArticleFig(id=1198630241976549420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198619426674274851, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

甲基化的引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
YAP1-外引物正向:TGTTGAAAATAATGGATTTTTATTAATATT
反向:CCCTTAACTACAAAAAATTCTTCC
YAP1-甲基化正向:AGTTCGTATAGGCGTTTCGTTC
反向:CTTAACTACAAAAAATTCTTCCGCT
YAP1-非甲基化正向:AAGTTTGTATAGGTGTTTTGTTTGG
反向:CTTAACTACAAAAAATTCTTCCACT
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枸杞多糖对Hcy诱导的小鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制
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王佩佩 1 , 岳云 2 , 曹丽翠 1 , 李宏伟 3 , 刘丽 1 , 李航鹰 4 , 王晓丽 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(5): 542-549
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(5): 542-549
枸杞多糖对Hcy诱导的小鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制
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王佩佩1, 岳云2, 曹丽翠1, 李宏伟3, 刘丽1, 李航鹰4, 王晓丽1, *
作者信息
  • 1银川市第一人民医院中医科,宁夏银川 750004
  • 2中卫市中医院针灸科,宁夏中卫 755000
  • 3宁夏回族自治区人民医院中医科,宁夏银川 750004
  • 4宁夏医科大学药学院,宁夏银川 750004
  • 王佩佩,硕士研究生,主要从事中医药防治脑病、肝病的基础与临床研究

通讯作者:

王晓丽,E-mail:
Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on Hcy-induced mouse hepatocyte injury and its mechanism
Pei-Pei Wang1, Yun Yue2, Li-Cui Cao1, Hong-Wei Li3, Li Liu1, Hang-Ying Li4, Xiao-Li Wang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan First People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
  • 2Acupuncture Department of Zhongwei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755000, China
  • 3Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
  • 4College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0903.2024.0131
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目的 探讨枸杞多糖(LBP)对同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)诱导的小鼠肝细胞损伤的作用及其机制。方法 体外培养正常C3H/An小鼠肝细胞(NCTC 1469),采用不同浓度的Hcy(0、50、100、200、500 μmol/L)处理NCTC 1469细胞,使用MTT法检测不同浓度Hcy对细胞活性的影响。取对数生长期细胞,设置:(1)对照组(采用10%马血清的DMEM培养基培养)与Hcy组(采用100 μmol/L Hcy溶液处理48 h),收集细胞。采用细胞活力染色检测细胞凋亡情况,谷草转氨酶(AST)/谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性检测试剂盒检测AST、ALT活性,RT-qPCR检测YAP1(Yes相关蛋白1)、DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRAN的表达,Western blotting检测YAP1蛋白的表达,巢式甲基化特异性PCR(nMS-PCR)检测YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化率。(2)对照组、LBP组、Hcy组与Hcy+LBP组,LBP组采用4 mg/ml LBP溶液处理2 h,Hcy组、Hcy+LBP采用100 μmol/L Hcy溶液处理48 h,46 h时Hcy+LBP组加入4 mg/ml LBP溶液处理,收集细胞。采用RT-qPCR检测YAP1、DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRAN的表达,Western blotting检测YAP1Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,AST/ALT活性检测试剂盒检测AST、ALT活性。采用生物信息学方法预测YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化CpG岛。结果 根据MTT法检测结果,选择100 μmol/L Hcy处理NCTC 1469细胞进行后续实验。与对照组比较,Hcy组细胞凋亡率增高(P<0.01),ALT、AST活性增高(P<0.001),YAP1 mRAN和蛋白相对表达水平降低(P<0.001),YAP1启动子区域甲基化率增高(P<0.01),DNA甲基化酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平增高(P<0.01或P<0.001)。与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组DNA甲基化酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.001),YAP1 mRAN和蛋白相对表达水平明显增高(P<0.01或P<0.001),Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001),Bax蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.001),ALT、AST活性降低(P<0.001)。结论 YAP1表达降低可能是Hcy诱导的小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤的关键过程,YAP1启动子区域甲基化的改变可能是Hcy引起YAP1表达变化的分子机制。LBP可能通过正向调节YAP1的表达改善Hcy引起的小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤。

枸杞多糖  /  同型半胱氨酸  /  肝细胞损伤  /  DNA甲基化

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on hepatocyte injury induced by homocysteine (Hcy). Methods Normal C3H/An mouse hepatocytes (NCTC 1469) were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of Hcy (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 μmol/L). The optimal concentrations of Hcy-treated NCTC 1469 cells were detected by MTT assay. When the cells reached the logarithmic growth stage, the conditions were set up as follows: (1) control group (cultured with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% horse serum) and Hcy group (treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy solution for 48 h), and the cells were collected. Cell viability staining was used to detect apoptosis, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity detection kit was used to detect AST and ALT activities, RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of YAP1, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b mRAN, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of YAP1 protein, nested methylation specific PCR (nMS-PCR) was used to detect DNA methylation rates in the YAP1 promoter region. (2) Control group, LBP group, Hcy group and Hcy+LBP group. LBP group was treated with 4 mg/ml LBP solution for 2 h, Hcy group and Hcy+LBP group were treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy solution for 48 h, and Hcy+LBP group was treated with 4 mg/ml LBP solution at 46 h, and the cells were collected. The expression levels of YAP1, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b mRAN were detected by RT-qPCR; the expression of YAP1, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by Western blotting; AST/ALT activity detection kit was used to detect AST and ALT activities. Prediction of DNA methylation CpG islands in YAP1 promoter region by bioinformatics. Results NCTC 1469 cells were treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy according to the results of MTT assay. Compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of Hcy group increased (P<0.01), the activities of ALT and AST increased (P<0.001), the mRAN and protein expression levels of YAP1 decreased (P<0.001), and the methylation rate of YAP1 promoter region increased (P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b increased (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Compared with Hcy group, the mRNA expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the Hcy+LBP group decreased (P<0.001), the mRAN and protein expression levels of YAP1 significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.001). In addition, in the Hcy+LBP group, cells showed significantly elevated of Bcl-2 protein (P<0.001), but decreased Bax protein (P<0.001), and decreased activities of ALT and AST (P<0.001). Conclusions The decrease of YAP1 expression may be the key process of Hcy induced injury of NCTC 1469 cells, and the methylation of the YAP1 promoter region may be the molecular mechanism of Hcy induced YAP1 expression change. LBP may improve NCTC 1469 cell damage induced by Hcy by positively regulating YAP1 expression.

lycium barbarum polysaccharide  /  homocysteine  /  liver cell damage  /  DNA methylation
王佩佩, 岳云, 曹丽翠, 李宏伟, 刘丽, 李航鹰, 王晓丽. 枸杞多糖对Hcy诱导的小鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (5) : 542 -549 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0903.2024.0131
Pei-Pei Wang, Yun Yue, Li-Cui Cao, Hong-Wei Li, Li Liu, Hang-Ying Li, Xiao-Li Wang. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on Hcy-induced mouse hepatocyte injury and its mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (5) : 542 -549 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0903.2024.0131
同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)是一种非必需的含巯基的氨基酸,来源于甲硫氨酸代谢,其代谢过程与甲基化修饰有关[1]。肝是Hcy代谢的主要器官。近年来,越来越多的研究表明Hcy与肝相关疾病有关,但其主要分子机制尚不明确[2]。肝作为机体最大的实质性器官,几乎所有的物质代谢都与其相关。有研究表明,Hcy含量异常增加可导致肝细胞损伤[3],因此探究引起肝相关疾病的分子机制和干预措施非常必要。枸杞多糖(lycium barbarum polysaccharides,LBP)是枸杞中一种天然成分,研究发现其可治疗肝损伤相关疾病[4]
Yes相关蛋白1(Yes-associatedprotein,YAP1)是Hippo信号通路上关键的一种转录共激活因子,其通过促进下游靶基因的表达来发挥促进细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡的作用。已有研究发现,YAP1在心血管相关疾病、膀胱癌、肿瘤中均能够抑制细胞凋亡,但其对肝细胞损伤的调控机制尚不清楚[5-7]。DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)是表观遗传学最为常见的调控方式,广泛参与机体多种生理病理变化;YAP1启动子区存在发生甲基化的架构基础,这为研究YAP1 DNA甲基化调控提供了理论支撑。本研究旨在探究Hcy含量异常增加引起肝细胞损伤的分子机制,探索LBP对Hcy引起的肝细胞损伤的调控作用及其机制,以期为肝损伤相关疾病的治疗提供思路。
C3H/An小鼠肝细胞NCTC 1469(上海拜力生物有限公司);DNA甲基化修饰试剂盒(美国ZYMO公司);全RNA提取试剂盒(北京天根生化技术有限公司);MTT细胞活性检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);琼脂糖粉(中国赛维尔公司);1640培养基、胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司);反转录试剂盒、荧光PCR试剂盒(日本TaKaRa公司);细胞活力染色试剂盒(中国罗氏生物科技有限公司);BCA试剂盒(中国凯基生物科技发展有限公司);青链霉素、胰蛋白酶消化液、NP-40(中国碧云天生物技术研究所);苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)蛋白酶抑制剂(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);YAP1抗体、Bax抗体、Bcl-2抗体(英国Abcam公司);ACTB(美国SANTA公司);辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔抗(北京金桥有限公司);脱脂奶粉(美国BD公司);Lipo2000(美国Thermo Fisher公司);引物均由上海生物工程公司合成。谷草转氨酶(AST)/谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);超净工作台(苏州安泰生物技术有限公司);5415D型微量台式离心机、CO2培养箱(德国Eppendorf公司);超微量分光光度计(美国SimpliNano公司);电泳槽、垂直电泳仪、转膜仪、曝光仪(美国Bio-Rad公司);BS110S型精密天平(德国Sar-torius公司);水平摇床(美国Thermo Fisher公司);梯度RCR仪(德国Biometra Tone公司);荧光定量PCR仪(上海枫岭生物技术有限公司);激光共聚焦显微镜(德国ZEISS公司)。
用含10%马血清的DMEM培养基培养正常C3H/An小鼠肝细胞NCTC 1469,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中,待细胞长至80%左右时,收集对数生长期细胞,设置:(1)对照组(采用10%马血清的DMEM培养基培养)与Hcy组(采用100 μmol/L Hcy溶液处理48 h),收集细胞。采用细胞活力染色检测细胞凋亡情况,AST/ALT活性检测试剂盒检测AST、ALT活性,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测YAP1、DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRAN的表达,Western blotting检测YAP1蛋白的表达,巢式甲基化特异性PCR(nested methylation specific PCR,nMS-PCR)检测YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化水平。(2)对照组、LBP组、Hcy组与Hcy+LBP组,LBP组采用4 mg/ml LBP溶液处理2 h,Hcy组、Hcy+LBP组采用100 μmol/L Hcy溶液处理48 h,46 h时Hcy+LBP组加入4 mg/ml LBP溶液处理,收集细胞。采用RT-qPCR检测YAP1、DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRAN的表达,Western blotting检测YAP1Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,AST/ALT活性检测试剂盒检测AST、ALT活性。
为了明确Hcy干预NCTC 1469细胞的最合适浓度,采用MTT检测试剂盒检测不同浓度Hcy(0、50、100、200、500 μmol/L)对NCTC 1469细胞活性的影响。步骤如下:收集对数生长期细胞,调整细胞悬液浓度,接种至96孔板(180 μl/孔,3000~10 000个细胞)。置37 ℃、5% CO2温箱培养中,待细胞贴壁;继续培养6~24 h后加入对应浓度的Hcy溶液;吸去上清,加入90 μl新鲜培养液,再加入10 μl MTT溶液,继续培养4 h,弃上清,每孔加入110 μl Formazan溶解液,置摇床上低速振荡10 min,使结晶物充分溶解。采用酶联免疫检测仪检测490 nm处各孔的吸光度(OD)值。
弃去培养基,用PBS清洗3次,在15 ml离心管中加入5 ml PBS,将5 μl Nuclei Dye、25 μl Dead Dye、3 μl Viable Dye混合后,在每个培养皿中依次加入200 μl混合染料,于37 ℃孵育30 min后取出,再用PBS清洗3次,加入抗荧光猝灭剂,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞凋亡情况。
按RNA提取试剂盒说明书提取NCTC 1469细胞中总RNA,反转录合成cDNA。采用Primerbank软件设计引物,引物序列: YAP1上游5'-TAGCCCTGCGTAGCCAGTTA-3', 下游5'-TCATGCTTAGTCCACTGTCTGT-3';DNMT1上游5'-CCGTGGCTACGAGGAGAAC-3', 下游5'-TTGGGTTTCCGTTTAGTGGGG-3';DNMT3a上游5'-CAAGACACAATTCGGCCTGG-3', 下游5'-TCATGCTTAGTCCACTGTCTGT-3';DNMT3b上游5'-CGTTAATGGGAACTTCAGTGACC-3',下游5'-CTGCGTGTAATTCAGAAGGCT-3'。qPCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性5 s,62.5 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延长30 s, 40个循环。反应结束后,根据扩增曲线数据按照公式2-ΔΔCt(ΔCt=Ct目的-Ct内参照,ΔΔCt=ΔCt-10) 计算YAP1 mRNA相对表达量。
细胞裂解法提取细胞总蛋白,用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒进行定量后分装,-80 ℃冻存备用。经SDS-PAGE浓缩胶80 V、分离胶120 V电泳分离,电转2 h至PVDF膜上,经5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h,分别进行YAP1(1∶1000)、Bax(1∶1000)和Bcl-2(1∶1500)抗体4 ℃孵育过夜;加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗(1∶5000)室温孵育2 h,PBST清洗3次,每次5 min,曝光。用凝胶成像分析仪成像。结果以目的条带与内参条带的灰度值比值做半定量检测。
按照AST/ALT活性检测试剂盒说明书检测各组细胞中ALT、AST活性。
按DNA提取试剂盒说明书提取NCTC 1469细胞的全基因组DNA,亚硫酸盐修饰法对全基因组DNA进行甲基化修饰。针对YAP1启动子区,设计1对外引物及2对内引物(表1)。外引物扩增反应条件为95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 30 s、49.15 ℃ 30 s、72 ℃ 30 s,每个循环中49.15 ℃ 30 s步骤降0.5 ℃至39.15 ℃,72 ℃ 7 min,共20 个循环。以外引物的PCR产物为模板,进行内引物的扩增,反应条件为95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 30 s、46.5/51.6 ℃ 30 s、72 ℃ 30 s,20个循环,每个循环中46.5/51.6 ℃ 30 s降0.5 ℃至36.5/41.6 ℃,72 ℃ 7 min。取5 μl PCR产物行2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,用凝胶成像分析仪分析甲基化条带及非甲基化条带的吸光度(M/U)值,并计算甲基化率。甲基化率(%)=甲基化M值/(甲基化M值+非甲基化U值)×100%。
利用生物信息学软件MethPrimer(http://www.urogene.org/methprimer/),选取基因上游2500 bp作为研究对象分析目的基因YAP1的CpG岛。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析。所有实验数据以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),进一步两两比较采用Student-Newman-Keuls检验;两因素间的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
MTT法检测结果显示,与对照组(0 μmol/L)比较,100、200和500 μmol/L Hcy处理的NCTC 1469细胞活性明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.001),50 μmol/L Hcy处理的NCTC 1469细胞活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图1)。据此后续实验采用100 μmol/L Hcy处理NCTC 1469细胞。
细胞活力染色检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Hcy组细胞凋亡率升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,图2A)。与对照组比较,Hcy组NCTC 1469细胞中ALT、AST活性明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,图2B)。
RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Hcy组NCTC 1469细胞中YAP1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,图3)。
利用生物信息学软件MethPrimer分析YAP1启动子区CpG岛,选取YAP1基因上游2500 bp作为研究对象,结果显示,YAP1启动子区1431-2000 bp有1个CpG岛,提示YAP1基因可能受甲基化的调控(图4)。
RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Hcy组DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平升高(P<0.01或P<0.001,图5A)。nMS-PCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Hcy组YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化率明显升高(P<0.01,图5B)。
RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Hcy组DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平升高(P<0.001);与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRNA相对表达水平降低(P<0.001,图6A)。
RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中YAP1 mRNA和蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Hcy组NCTC 1469细胞中YAP1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平降低(P<0.001);与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中YAP1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平升高(P<0.01或P<0.001,图6B、C)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中Bcl-2、Bax蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Hcy组NCTC 1469细胞中Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平明显降低,Bax蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001);与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平明显升高,Bax蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.001,图7A)。
与对照组比较,LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中ALT、AST活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Hcy组NCTC 1469细胞中ALT、AST活性升高(P<0.001);与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组NCTC 1469细胞中ALT、AST活性降低(P<0.01或P<0.001,图7B)。
枸杞子来源于宁夏道地传统名贵中药材枸杞的干燥成熟果实,味甘,性平,归肝、肾经。中医学认为,枸杞子性平味甘,具有滋补肝肾、益精明目之功。明代《本草纲目》记载,枸杞子“甘平而润,性滋而补,能补肾、润肺、生精、益气,此乃平补之药”[8]。枸杞子有助于体内阴阳的平衡,而阴阳二气的平衡有助于滋养肝和肾[9]。名方一贯煎中含有枸杞子,具有滋阴疏肝之效,现代临床也将其应用于治疗慢性肝炎、肝硬化、脂肪肝等疾病[10]。肝作为机体最重要的代谢性器官,其功能异常与多种疾病的发生和发展关系密切。肝参与机体大部分物质的代谢过程,如代谢物质异常增加或减少都会对肝细胞造成损伤。随着人们食物种类的多样化,肝相关疾病的发生也越来越多。因此探究更多的治疗肝相关疾病的方法非常必要。肝作为机体最大的实质性器官,其组成主要是肝细胞,肝细胞占据肝80%之多。因此,探究肝细胞损伤的分子机制及其治疗方法是治疗肝损伤相关疾病的基础。Hcy是一种非必需的含巯基的氨基酸,来源于甲硫氨酸代谢,其代谢过程与甲基化修饰有关。近年来,越来越多的研究表明Hcy与肝相关疾病有关[11],但其主要的分子机制尚不明确。
LBP是一种由阿拉伯多糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖等共同组成的一类大分子水溶性多糖,现代研究显示其具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、调节免疫力等多种生理作用[12-14]。已有研究表明,LBP可以通过降低肝受损状态下氧化应激水平达到对肝损伤的治疗作用[15],但是LBP对Hcy引起的肝细胞损伤的作用尚不明确。本研究发现,与对照组比较,Hcy组肝细胞凋亡增加,肝细胞损伤加重。
YAP1是Hippo途径的转录共激活因子,被认为是参与肿瘤发生的肿瘤蛋白。有研究表明,膀胱癌组织中YAP1的表达较相邻正常组织升高,YAP1过表达可促进HT-1376和J82膀胱癌细胞的增殖并抑制其凋亡[16];有研究发现,过表达YAP1可促进心肌细胞增殖并抑制缺氧暴露的H9c2细胞凋亡[17],提示YAP1能够调控细胞凋亡,但其在小鼠NCTC 1469细胞凋亡中的作用目前尚不清楚。本研究发现,与对照组比较,Hcy组YAP1表达明显降低。为了进一步明确YAP1在Hcy引起的NCTC 1469细胞损伤中的分子机制,生物信息学分析发现YAP1启动子区域CpG较多,提示YAP1启动子区域具有发生甲基化的结构基础;Hcy作为甲硫氨酸代谢的中间产物,其代谢过程中可形成甲基供体,提示Hcy可能是通过引起YAP1启动子区域发生甲基化,从而逆向调节YAP1的表达,引起肝细胞凋亡及损伤。DNA甲基化是以未改变核苷酸顺序及其组成的方式影响DNA构象的稳定性,从而达到调控基因表达目的的重要的表观遗传学修饰[18]。针对DNA甲基化的研究主要集中在促进甲基化和去甲基化两个方面,DNA高甲基化能够减弱或者沉默基因的表达,而去甲基化则能使基因活化或重新表达。已有研究表明,Hcy引起肝相关疾病变化时,主要与甲基化修饰有关[19]。本研究生物信息学分析发现YAP1启动子区存在CpG位点,因此推测,DNA甲基化这一表观遗传学机制参与了Hcy逆向调节YAP1的表达引起肝细胞损伤的过程。进一步使用Hcy处理NCTC 1469细胞后,YAP1启动子区DNA甲基化程度明显升高。DNA高甲基化作为基因转录降低的重要标志之一,当基因启动子区域发生甲基化增加时,蛋白转录受阻,因此蛋白表达降低。本研究发现,当YAP1启动子区域甲基化增加时,YAP1蛋白表达随之降低。DNA甲基化主要受DNA甲基转移酶的调控,因此,本研究检测3种主要的DNA甲基化酶DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA的表达情况发现,与对照组比较,Hcy组DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b mRNA表达均升高。以上结果表明,Hcy可通过正向改变蛋白YAP1的启动子区域的甲基化,从而负向调节蛋白YAP1的表达,引起肝细胞凋亡和损伤的发生。已有研究显示,LBP可改善Hcy引起的血管平滑肌细胞的增殖和表型转换[20]。但LBP对Hcy引起的NCTC 1469细胞损伤的作用尚不明确,因此本研究探究LBP对Hcy引起的NCTC 1469细胞损伤的作用;结果发现,与Hcy组比较,Hcy+LBP组YAP1表达增加,NCTC 1469细胞的凋亡和损伤减轻。提示,LBP可能通过正向调节蛋白YAP1的表达,从而改善Hcy引起的NCTC 1469细胞损伤。
综上所述,本研究发现,YAP1表达降低可能是Hcy引起小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤的关键过程,YAP1启动子区域甲基化的改变可能是Hcy引起蛋白YAP1表达变化的分子机制。LBP可通过正向调节蛋白YAP1的表达,从而改善Hcy引起的小鼠NCTC 1469细胞损伤。但不足之处在于本研究仅在细胞层面探究了Hcy引起肝细胞损伤的分子机制,未在动物整体水平进行进一步探索,因此后续应继续更深层次探究Hcy引起肝损伤的分子机制及治疗措施,以期为肝损伤的治疗提供更多的科研思路和方法。
  • 国家自然科学基金(222607017)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0903.2024.0131
  • 接收时间:2023-06-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-28
  • 录用日期:2023-10-08
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(222607017)
国家自然科学基金(222607017)
作者信息
    1银川市第一人民医院中医科,宁夏银川 750004
    2中卫市中医院针灸科,宁夏中卫 755000
    3宁夏回族自治区人民医院中医科,宁夏银川 750004
    4宁夏医科大学药学院,宁夏银川 750004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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