Article(id=1198602006739906703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1149.2024.0328, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1693324800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1704643200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-08, onlineDate=1763698587355, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763698587355, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763698587355, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763698587355, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198601997155922872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='6', pageStart='611', pageEnd='732', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763698585070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763698770557, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198602775211901122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198602775211901123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=617, endPage=622, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198602007134171301, articleId=1198602006739906703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Risk factors of early neurological deterioration after intravenous thrombolysis in acute mild ischemic stroke patients, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the risk factors for early neurological deterioration (END) following intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) acute mild ischemic stroke (AMIS) patients. Methods Eighty-six patients with AMIS who underwent intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA in the Department of Neurology, Civil Aviation General Hospital between January 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into END group (n=8) and non-END group (n=78) based on the presence of END within 24 hours after thrombolysis (NIHSS score increased by ≥2 points within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, past medical history (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc.), smoking history, pre-thrombolysis NIHSS score, homocysteine level, fibrinogen level, and post-thrombolysis bleeding transformation were documented for each patient. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to access the risk factors associated with END following intravenous thrombolysis in AMIS. Results There were significant differences in homocysteine and fibrinogen levels, as well as bleeding transformation after thrombolysis between the two groups (P<0.05). In contrast, other factors such as age, gender, past medical history, pre-thrombolysis NIHSS score, and other imaging features were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated homocysteine level was independently linked to risk of END after intravenous thrombolysis in AMIS, with an odds ratio of 1.074(95%CI 1.011-1.142, P=0.021). Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia emerges as an independent risk factor for END following intravenous thrombolysis in patients with AMIS.

, correspAuthors=Ping Gong, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨急性轻型缺血性卒中(AMIS)使用阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗后早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月-2022年10月民航总医院神经内科收治并接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的86例AMIS患者,根据溶栓后24 h内是否发生END(静脉溶栓后24 h内NIHSS评分较溶栓前增高≥2分)分为END组(n=8)与无END组(n=78)。收集两组患者的基线资料,包括年龄、性别、既往病史(高血压、糖尿病、高血脂等)、吸烟史、溶栓前NIHSS评分、同型半胱氨酸水平、纤维蛋白原水平及溶栓后出血转化情况等。采用多因素logistic回归分析AMIS静脉溶栓后发生END的危险因素。结果 两组同型半胱氨酸水平、纤维蛋白原水平、溶栓后出血转化比例比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),年龄、性别、既往病史、溶栓前NIHSS评分及其他影像学表现等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,同型半胱氨酸水平与AMIS静脉溶栓后END的发生独立相关(OR=1.074,95%CI 1.011~1.142,P=0.021)。结论 高同型半胱氨酸血症是AMIS静脉溶栓后END的独立危险因素。

, correspAuthors=宫萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宫萍,E-mail:
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王维,副主任医师,主要从事脑血管病方面的研究

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王维,副主任医师,主要从事脑血管病方面的研究

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AMIS. 急性轻型缺血性卒中;男,65岁,同型半胱氨酸水平151.39 μmol/L,A-C为静脉溶栓前头颅CT表现;D-F为静脉溶栓后24 h复查头颅CT表现,黑色箭头所指为溶栓后出血转化

, figureFileSmall=04gXpvNZvnD9Lq+fCQpjWA==, figureFileBig=hXXSn+JZaJDxyKp4yRapiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198602014021218667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602006739906703, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of baseline data between the two groups of patients with AMIS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计(n=86)END组(n=8)无END组(n=78)U/χ2P
男[例(%)]23(26.7)2(25.0)21(26.9)0.0140.907
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]64.0(55.0, 70.3)65.0(62.0, 71.0)64.0(54.0, 70.3)1.027a0.305
OTT[min, M(Q1, Q3)]155.00(104.00, 200.75)138.50(107.00, 202.75)155.00(103.75, 200.75)0.007a0.994
基线NIHSS[分, M(Q1, Q3)]3.00(2.00, 4.00)4.00(2.50, 4.00)3.00(2.00, 4.00)1.264a0.206
基线收缩压[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]162.50(146.75, 174.00)171.50(161.25, 177.25)161.50(146.00, 172.50)1.212a0.225
基线舒张压[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]90.00(80.00, 100.25)97.50(79.25, 105.50)90.00(80.00, 100.00)0.781a0.435
基线血糖[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]7.05(6.00, 9.625)6.20(5.73, 10.48)7.20(6.08, 9.60)0.573a0.567
实验室检查结果
空腹血糖[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]5.72(4.74, 7.13)5.27(4.52, 9.08)5.78(4.75, 7.09)0.134a0.894
糖化血红蛋白[%, M(Q1, Q3)]6.10(5.60, 7.00)5.70(5.00, 8.13)6.10(5.60, 6.95)0.723a0.470
LDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.76(2.12, 3.39)2.87(2.00, 3.54)2.73(2.12, 3.39)0.134a0.894
HDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.17(0.98, 1.48)1.00(0.93, 1.34)1.20(0.98, 1.49)1.212a0.226
总胆固醇[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]4.80(3.97, 5.56)4.71(3.43, 5.77)4.80(3.97, 5.56)0.134a0.894
三酰甘油[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.11(1.21, 2.84)2.16(1.45, 2.45)2.08(1.16, 2.95)0.0300.976
尿酸[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]346.00(299.25, 409.75)382.00(341.00, 402.55)337.00(297.00, 414.00)1.1300.258
肌酐[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]69.60(57.75, 80.10)67.05(55.95, 81.75)70.35(58.33, 80.10)0.3720.710
肌酐清除率[ml/min, M(Q1, Q3)]89.80(69.98, 102.78)87.05(68.25, 105.70)90.10(69.98, 102.78)0.1710.864
同型半胱氨酸[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]14.14(10.49, 18.18)21.98(11.75, 57.12)14.14(10.49, 18.18)2.3210.020
血小板计数[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)]213.50(161.50, 269.00)197.00(145.50, 239.75)213.50(161.50, 269.00)1.1080.268
CRP[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.05(0.65, 4.47)3.78(0.50, 5.08)2.05(0.65, 4.47)0.8200.834
INR[M(Q1, Q3)]1.01(0.96, 1.06)1.01(0.98, 1.07)1.01(0.96, 1.06)0.5880.556
PT[s, M(Q1, Q3)]11.10(10.50, 11.70)11.10(10.83, 11.80)11.10(10.50, 11.70)0.5730.567
纤维蛋白原[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.85(2.52, 3.32)2.46(2.31, 2.96)2.85(2.52, 3.32)2.1040.035
既往病史[例(%)]
缺血性卒中16(18.6)1(12.5)15(19.2)0.2170.641
冠心病13(15.1)2(25.0)11(14.1)0.0910.763
心房颤动6(6.9)2(25.0)4(5.1)1.8840.170
高脂血症48(55.8)5(62.5)43(55.1)0.1600.689
高血压63(73.2)6(75.0)57(73.0)0.0140.907
糖尿病31(36.0)3(37.5)28(35.8)0.0080.928
合并两种以上基础病22(25.5)3(37.5)19(24.3)0.1490.700
抗栓史19(22.0)3(37.5)16(20.5)0.4300.512
吸烟史38(44.1)4(50.0)34(43.5)0.1210.728
TOAST分型[例(%)]1.8800.598
大动脉粥样硬化型17(19.1)2(25.0)15(19.2)
小动脉闭塞型43(50.0)4(50.0)39(50.0)
心源性栓塞4(4.6)1(12.5)3(3.8)
明确其他原因型及不明原因型22(25.5)1(12.5)21(26.9)
影像学表现[例(%)]
脑白质高信号(中重度)42(48.8)6(75.0)36(46.1)2.4160.120
脑室旁高信号3分12(13.9)1(12.5)11(14.1)0.0160.901
深部高信号2~3分41(47.6)6(75.0)35(44.8)2.6400.104
腔隙性脑梗死56(65.1)7(87.5)49(62.8)1.9460.163
脑微出血17(19.7)017(21.7)0.347
PVS(2~4级)33(38.3)1(12.5)32(41.0)1.4360.231
溶栓后出血转化3(3.4)2(25.0)1(1.2)6.1020.014
), ArticleFig(id=1198602014130270575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602006739906703, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组AMIS患者基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计(n=86)END组(n=8)无END组(n=78)U/χ2P
男[例(%)]23(26.7)2(25.0)21(26.9)0.0140.907
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]64.0(55.0, 70.3)65.0(62.0, 71.0)64.0(54.0, 70.3)1.027a0.305
OTT[min, M(Q1, Q3)]155.00(104.00, 200.75)138.50(107.00, 202.75)155.00(103.75, 200.75)0.007a0.994
基线NIHSS[分, M(Q1, Q3)]3.00(2.00, 4.00)4.00(2.50, 4.00)3.00(2.00, 4.00)1.264a0.206
基线收缩压[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]162.50(146.75, 174.00)171.50(161.25, 177.25)161.50(146.00, 172.50)1.212a0.225
基线舒张压[mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]90.00(80.00, 100.25)97.50(79.25, 105.50)90.00(80.00, 100.00)0.781a0.435
基线血糖[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]7.05(6.00, 9.625)6.20(5.73, 10.48)7.20(6.08, 9.60)0.573a0.567
实验室检查结果
空腹血糖[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]5.72(4.74, 7.13)5.27(4.52, 9.08)5.78(4.75, 7.09)0.134a0.894
糖化血红蛋白[%, M(Q1, Q3)]6.10(5.60, 7.00)5.70(5.00, 8.13)6.10(5.60, 6.95)0.723a0.470
LDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.76(2.12, 3.39)2.87(2.00, 3.54)2.73(2.12, 3.39)0.134a0.894
HDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.17(0.98, 1.48)1.00(0.93, 1.34)1.20(0.98, 1.49)1.212a0.226
总胆固醇[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]4.80(3.97, 5.56)4.71(3.43, 5.77)4.80(3.97, 5.56)0.134a0.894
三酰甘油[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.11(1.21, 2.84)2.16(1.45, 2.45)2.08(1.16, 2.95)0.0300.976
尿酸[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]346.00(299.25, 409.75)382.00(341.00, 402.55)337.00(297.00, 414.00)1.1300.258
肌酐[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]69.60(57.75, 80.10)67.05(55.95, 81.75)70.35(58.33, 80.10)0.3720.710
肌酐清除率[ml/min, M(Q1, Q3)]89.80(69.98, 102.78)87.05(68.25, 105.70)90.10(69.98, 102.78)0.1710.864
同型半胱氨酸[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]14.14(10.49, 18.18)21.98(11.75, 57.12)14.14(10.49, 18.18)2.3210.020
血小板计数[×109/L, M(Q1, Q3)]213.50(161.50, 269.00)197.00(145.50, 239.75)213.50(161.50, 269.00)1.1080.268
CRP[mg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.05(0.65, 4.47)3.78(0.50, 5.08)2.05(0.65, 4.47)0.8200.834
INR[M(Q1, Q3)]1.01(0.96, 1.06)1.01(0.98, 1.07)1.01(0.96, 1.06)0.5880.556
PT[s, M(Q1, Q3)]11.10(10.50, 11.70)11.10(10.83, 11.80)11.10(10.50, 11.70)0.5730.567
纤维蛋白原[g/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.85(2.52, 3.32)2.46(2.31, 2.96)2.85(2.52, 3.32)2.1040.035
既往病史[例(%)]
缺血性卒中16(18.6)1(12.5)15(19.2)0.2170.641
冠心病13(15.1)2(25.0)11(14.1)0.0910.763
心房颤动6(6.9)2(25.0)4(5.1)1.8840.170
高脂血症48(55.8)5(62.5)43(55.1)0.1600.689
高血压63(73.2)6(75.0)57(73.0)0.0140.907
糖尿病31(36.0)3(37.5)28(35.8)0.0080.928
合并两种以上基础病22(25.5)3(37.5)19(24.3)0.1490.700
抗栓史19(22.0)3(37.5)16(20.5)0.4300.512
吸烟史38(44.1)4(50.0)34(43.5)0.1210.728
TOAST分型[例(%)]1.8800.598
大动脉粥样硬化型17(19.1)2(25.0)15(19.2)
小动脉闭塞型43(50.0)4(50.0)39(50.0)
心源性栓塞4(4.6)1(12.5)3(3.8)
明确其他原因型及不明原因型22(25.5)1(12.5)21(26.9)
影像学表现[例(%)]
脑白质高信号(中重度)42(48.8)6(75.0)36(46.1)2.4160.120
脑室旁高信号3分12(13.9)1(12.5)11(14.1)0.0160.901
深部高信号2~3分41(47.6)6(75.0)35(44.8)2.6400.104
腔隙性脑梗死56(65.1)7(87.5)49(62.8)1.9460.163
脑微出血17(19.7)017(21.7)0.347
PVS(2~4级)33(38.3)1(12.5)32(41.0)1.4360.231
溶栓后出血转化3(3.4)2(25.0)1(1.2)6.1020.014
), ArticleFig(id=1198602014230933876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602006739906703, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of END after intravenous thrombolysis in AMIS patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEOR(95%CI)P
溶栓后出血转化2.7021.52914.904(0.744~298.462)0.077
纤维蛋白原水平-1.0800.6940.340(0.087~1.325)0.120
同型半胱氨酸水平0.0720.0311.074(1.011~1.142)0.021
), ArticleFig(id=1198602014369345911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602006739906703, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

AMIS患者静脉溶栓后发生END的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEOR(95%CI)P
溶栓后出血转化2.7021.52914.904(0.744~298.462)0.077
纤维蛋白原水平-1.0800.6940.340(0.087~1.325)0.120
同型半胱氨酸水平0.0720.0311.074(1.011~1.142)0.021
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急性轻型缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析
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王维 1 , 房砚文 1 , 宫萍 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(6): 617-622
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(6): 617-622
急性轻型缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析
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王维1, 房砚文1, 宫萍2, *
作者信息
  • 1民航总医院神经内科,北京 100123
  • 2北京大学第三医院老年病内科,北京 100191
  • 王维,副主任医师,主要从事脑血管病方面的研究

通讯作者:

宫萍,E-mail:
Risk factors of early neurological deterioration after intravenous thrombolysis in acute mild ischemic stroke patients
Wei Wang1, Yan-Wen Fang1, Ping Gong2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China
  • 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1149.2024.0328
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目的 探讨急性轻型缺血性卒中(AMIS)使用阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗后早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月-2022年10月民航总医院神经内科收治并接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的86例AMIS患者,根据溶栓后24 h内是否发生END(静脉溶栓后24 h内NIHSS评分较溶栓前增高≥2分)分为END组(n=8)与无END组(n=78)。收集两组患者的基线资料,包括年龄、性别、既往病史(高血压、糖尿病、高血脂等)、吸烟史、溶栓前NIHSS评分、同型半胱氨酸水平、纤维蛋白原水平及溶栓后出血转化情况等。采用多因素logistic回归分析AMIS静脉溶栓后发生END的危险因素。结果 两组同型半胱氨酸水平、纤维蛋白原水平、溶栓后出血转化比例比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),年龄、性别、既往病史、溶栓前NIHSS评分及其他影像学表现等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,同型半胱氨酸水平与AMIS静脉溶栓后END的发生独立相关(OR=1.074,95%CI 1.011~1.142,P=0.021)。结论 高同型半胱氨酸血症是AMIS静脉溶栓后END的独立危险因素。

急性轻型缺血性卒中  /  静脉溶栓  /  同型半胱氨酸  /  早期神经功能恶化

Objective To investigate the risk factors for early neurological deterioration (END) following intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) acute mild ischemic stroke (AMIS) patients. Methods Eighty-six patients with AMIS who underwent intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA in the Department of Neurology, Civil Aviation General Hospital between January 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into END group (n=8) and non-END group (n=78) based on the presence of END within 24 hours after thrombolysis (NIHSS score increased by ≥2 points within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, past medical history (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc.), smoking history, pre-thrombolysis NIHSS score, homocysteine level, fibrinogen level, and post-thrombolysis bleeding transformation were documented for each patient. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to access the risk factors associated with END following intravenous thrombolysis in AMIS. Results There were significant differences in homocysteine and fibrinogen levels, as well as bleeding transformation after thrombolysis between the two groups (P<0.05). In contrast, other factors such as age, gender, past medical history, pre-thrombolysis NIHSS score, and other imaging features were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated homocysteine level was independently linked to risk of END after intravenous thrombolysis in AMIS, with an odds ratio of 1.074(95%CI 1.011-1.142, P=0.021). Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia emerges as an independent risk factor for END following intravenous thrombolysis in patients with AMIS.

acute mild ischemic stroke  /  intravenous thrombolysis  /  homocysteine  /  early neurological deterioration
王维, 房砚文, 宫萍. 急性轻型缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (6) : 617 -622 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1149.2024.0328
Wei Wang, Yan-Wen Fang, Ping Gong. Risk factors of early neurological deterioration after intravenous thrombolysis in acute mild ischemic stroke patients[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (6) : 617 -622 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1149.2024.0328
目前,脑卒中已成为我国成年人致残和致死的首位因素,且发病人群呈年轻化趋势[1],对家庭和社会造成了巨大负担。全球公认的最有效的治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的方式是在发病早期进行血管再通,包括静脉溶栓和血管内治疗[2-3],恢复缺血半暗带供血从而恢复神经功能,治疗的主要难点是症状性颅内出血[4]。虽然发病4.5 h内的急性缺血性卒中患者接受阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗已明确可获益[5-6],但临床中仍有部分患者治疗后发生早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END),其具体机制尚不明确。虽已有较多报道分析END相关危险因素,但结果不尽相同[7-10]。缺血性卒中患者中50%以上以轻微症状起病,而急性轻型缺血性卒中(acute mild ischemic stroke,AMIS)患者予以静脉溶栓治疗是否获益仍存在争议[11-12]。本研究分析AMIS患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后发生END的相关危险因素,旨在为临床治疗提供参考,以降低AMIS患者静脉溶栓后END的发生率,改善患者预后。
回顾性收集2019年1月-2022年10月民航总医院神经内科收治并接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的86例AMIS患者。根据是否发生END分为END组(n=8)与无END组(n=78)。END定义:静脉溶栓后24 h内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分相较溶栓后最好的神经功能状态评分增高≥2分[13]。临床量表的测量均需统一培训,获得资质后的医师方可进行评估和记录。纳入标准:符合AMIS(溶栓前NHISS评分≤4分)[14],且符合静脉溶栓适应证并完成静脉溶栓治疗。排除标准:静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗;病历资料不全或数据缺失;静脉溶栓后24 h内未复查头部CT或MRI。本研究获民航总医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:2023-L-K-19)。
rt-PA静脉溶栓方法:rt-PA总量0.9 mg/kg(最大剂量为90 mg),其中10%在最初1 min内静脉推注,其余持续静脉滴注60 min。
由两名神经内科医师采用双盲法提取患者入院后72 h内的头颅MRI影像。(1)依据Fazekas量表,对脑室旁与深部白质高信号(white-matter hyperintensities,WMH)分别进行评分。脑室旁WMH评分:0分,无病变;1分,帽状或铅笔样薄层信号改变;2分,呈光滑的晕圈;3分,脑室旁呈现不规则高信号并延伸到深部白质。深部WMH评分:0分,无病变;1分,点状病变;2分,点状病变开始融合;3分,大片融合病变。其中脑室旁WMH评分达3分或深部WMH评分达2~3分,计1分。(2)腔隙性脑梗死:有腔隙性脑梗死,计1分。(3)脑微出血:有微出血,计1分。(4)血管周围间隙(peripheral vascular space,PVS)采用Semiquantitative量表评估:0级,无扩大的PVS;1级,<10个扩大的PVS;2级,11~20个扩大的PVS;3级,21~40个扩大的PVS;4级,>40个扩大的PVS。基底节区PVS 2~4级,计1分。(5)溶栓后出血转化:溶栓后24 h复查头CT评估出血转化,采用欧洲协作急性卒中研究Ⅱ(ECASSⅡ)标准[15]评定。
收集患者的基线资料,包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、既往病史(高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病、心房颤动、缺血性卒中史)、发病至溶栓治疗的时间(OTT)、基线收缩压、基线舒张压、基线血糖、基线NIHSS评分、TOAST(the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment)分型、溶栓后24 h头颅CT和72 h头颅MRI影像学检查结果。在溶栓前,收集患者实验室检查结果,包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholestero,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、尿酸、肌酐、血小板计数、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、纤维蛋白原等;并收集溶栓后24 h内实验室检查结果,包括空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及同型半胱氨酸水平。
(1)比较两组基线资料;(2)采用多因素logistic回归分析AMIS患者静脉溶栓后发生END的危险因素。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料均为非正态分布,以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验(所有理论数T≥5且总样本量n≥40,采用Pearson χ2检验;若理论数T<5但T≥1且总样本量n≥40,采用连续性校正的χ2检验;若理论数T<1或n<40,则采用Fisher's检验)。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
86例接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的AMIS患者中,男23例(26.7%),女63例(73.3%);年龄64.0(55.0,70.3)岁。发生END 8例(9.3%),溶栓后出血转化3例(3.5%)。3例溶栓后出血转化患者中,1例伴有同型半胱氨酸水平升高(图1)。
END组患者溶栓后出血转化比例和同型半胱氨酸水平高于无END组,同型半胱氨酸水平低于无END组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组人口学信息(性别、年龄)、OTT、基线收缩压、基线舒张压、基线血糖、基线NIHSS评分、既往病史(高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病、心房颤动、缺血性卒中)、吸烟史及TOAST分型比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
选取以上P<0.05的基线变量(包括溶栓后出血转化、纤维蛋白原水平、同型半胱氨酸水平)作为自变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,溶栓后出血转化(OR=14.904,95%CI 0.744~298.462,P=0.077)、纤维蛋白原水平(OR=0.340,95%CI 0.087~1.325,P=0.120)与溶栓后END无关(P>0.05),而同型半胱氨酸水平(OR=1.074,95%CI 1.011~1.142,P=0.021)与AMIS静脉溶栓后END的发生独立相关(表2)。
在我国AMIS占急性缺血性卒中的46.4%。目前全球公认的急性缺血性卒中的有效治疗方法是静脉溶栓,但静脉溶栓的安全性一直备受关注。有研究显示,对于其纳入的AMIS患者,未溶栓的患者中有19%出现不良预后,仅有不到1%时间窗内的患者进行了静脉溶栓治疗[16]。静脉溶栓的主要并发症是脑出血转化,其发生率约为10%,可导致急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能恶化[17]。一项Meta分析显示,亚洲人群END发生率为15.9%(END定义为溶栓后24 h内NIHSS评分较基线时增高≥4分)[18]。本研究中,溶栓后出血转化发生率为3.4%,END发生率为9.3%,明显低于既往研究[18]。本研究发现,溶栓后出血转化是静脉溶栓后发生END的危险因素,但不是独立危险因素。丁立东等[19]也发现,rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗可改善老年轻型脑卒中患者的预后,且不增高END和颅内出血发生率,对脑卒中的复发无影响。以上结果表明AMIS患者接受静脉溶栓治疗是安全的,可使预后获益。
目前,关于急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓后END的研究很多,但结果不尽相同,主要是因为目前尚无统一的END诊断标准。本研究发现,除溶栓后出血转化外,纤维蛋白原及同型半胱氨酸水平也与AMIS静脉溶栓后END的发生相关。纤维蛋白原可促进血管内皮细胞的生长,增加血小板聚集的牢固性,但也容易导致血栓形成。血浆纤维蛋白水平升高表明机体处于高凝状态,形成血栓的风险增加[20]。有研究显示,发病时高血浆纤维蛋白原水平患者在接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后14 d更容易发生不良结局,且rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗24 h后较高纤维蛋白原水平与90-d病死率增高相关[21]。本研究结果显示,纤维蛋白原水平是AMIS患者静脉溶栓后发生END的危险因素。
高同型半胱氨酸血症与多种动脉粥样硬化性疾病,如急性脑梗死、心肌梗死等独立相关。有研究表明,在血清同型半胱氨酸水平>10.50 μmol/L时,卒中的发生风险增加了3.2倍。血清同型半胱氨酸水平≥11.87 μmol/L是预测绝经后中老年女性在Hcy正常水平内发生颈动脉斑块的最佳截断值[22]。同型半胱氨酸通过促进长链非编码RNA细胞周期依赖激酶抑制剂2B基因的反义非编码基因的表达,使单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达上调、白细胞介素-10表达下调,从而促进细胞炎症反应,参与动脉粥样硬化[23]。同型半胱氨酸可促进氧化应激反应,使血管内皮细胞毒性损伤加重,导致血管受损,加重炎症反应,对体内脂代谢也有一定的影响,从而加重动脉粥样硬化,使脑血管基础变差,可能使溶栓效果变差及容易再发卒中,影响其预后[24-25]。在rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗时,rt-PA与纤溶酶原同时结合血管内皮细胞上的膜联蛋白A2形成一种复合体,可增加rt-PA的活性,并促进纤溶酶原转变为纤溶酶,增加溶栓效力,而同型半胱氨酸可竞争膜联蛋白A2上的相同位点,使复合体形成受阻,影响溶栓效果;血清同型半胱氨酸水平越高,复合体形成越少,溶栓效果越差[26-27]。有研究表明,血清同型半胱氨酸及胱抑素C与急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓不良预后独立相关[28]。本研究结果显示,高同型半胱氨酸血症是AMIS静脉溶栓后END发生的独立危险因素,同型半胱氨酸水平可预测AMIS静脉溶栓后END的发生,提示临床上对于AMIS静脉溶栓后的患者,应关注其血清同型半胱氨酸水平,并给予积极治疗。
Kim等[13]发现,静脉溶栓后END的主要原因是缺血进展,而大动脉粥样硬化是缺血进展的独立危险因素。本研究未纳入静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗者,样本的代表性可能存在偏倚,结果可能会受到影响。另外,本研究样本量较小,END病例数较少,可能存在资料偏倚。因此,今后需进一步扩大样本量进行深入分析。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,高同型半胱氨酸血症是AMIS患者静脉溶栓后END发生的独立危险因素。临床工作中,对于此类患者应积极给予临床干预,以达到AMIS患者安全、有效治疗的目的。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82273712)
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2024年第49卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1149.2024.0328
  • 接收时间:2023-08-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-30
  • 录用日期:2024-01-08
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National Natual Science Foundation of China(82273712)
国家自然科学基金(82273712)
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    1民航总医院神经内科,北京 100123
    2北京大学第三医院老年病内科,北京 100191

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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