Article(id=1198602005846519890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0520.2023.1204, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1681056000000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1684339200000, acceptedDateStr=2023-05-18, onlineDate=1763698587141, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763698587141, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763698587141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763698587141, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198601997155922872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='6', pageStart='611', pageEnd='732', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763698585070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763698770557, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198602775211901122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198602775211901123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=686, endPage=693, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198602006194647151, articleId=1198602005846519890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on expression of SIRT1, GATA-3 and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice and the potential mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four female BALB/c mice in SPF grade were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): control group, asthma group, and asthma+VD3 group. On the 1st, 8th, and 15th day, asthma group and asthma+VD3 group were given 0.2 ml ovalbumin (OVA) suspension for sensitization, while control group received 0.2 ml normal saline. On the 22-28th day, asthma group and asthma+VD3 group were challenged with 1% OVA atomization inhalation, while control group received an equal amount of normal saline atomization, for 30 minutes each time, once a day, for a continuous 7 days. Asthma+VD3 group was given intraperitoneal injection of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 injection (4 μg/kg) 30 minutes before each atomization, while control group and asthma group were given an equal dose of normal saline. After the last challenge, all mice were anesthetized, and serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected. HE staining and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue and changes in airway mucus levels. ELISA was employed to detect serum IgE and inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF. Immunohistochemical technique and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1 and GATA-3 in mouse lung tissue. Results Compared with control group, asthma group had a significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltration around lung tissue, bronchia and accompanying perivascular, mainly characterized by eosinophils. Bronchial lumen stenosis, airway mucosal epithelial hyperplasia, and increased tracheal mucus secretion were also observed. The above changes in asthma+VD3 group were reduced compared with asthma group. Compared with control group, serum levels of IgE, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 inflammatory factors in BALF and GATA-3 in lung tissue were increased in asthma group (P<0.05), and SIRT1 level in lung tissue was significant decreased (P<0.05). Compared with asthma group, IgE level in serum, inflammatory factors of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, and GATA-3 in lung tissue in asthma+VD3 group were decreased (P<0.05), and SIRT1 level in lung tissue was increased (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of lung tissue SIRT1 was negatively correlated with the expression of GATA-3, serum IgG, and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF (P<0.05); the expression level of lung tissue GATA-3 was positively correlated with serum IgG and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF (P<0.05). Conclusion 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, possibly by upregulating the expression of SIRT1 in lung tissue and inhibiting the expression of GATA-3, thereby inhibiting inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13).

, correspAuthors=Wei-Ying Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探究1α,25-二羟基维生素D3对哮喘小鼠气道炎症变化的影响及可能机制。方法 将24只SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组、哮喘+1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(哮喘+VD3)组,每组8只。哮喘组和哮喘+VD3组小鼠于第1、8、15天给予卵清蛋白(OVA)混悬液0.2 ml致敏,对照组给予生理盐水0.2 ml;哮喘组和哮喘+VD3组于第22~28天使用1% OVA雾化吸入激发,对照组给予等量生理盐水雾化吸入,每次雾化30 min,1次/d,连续激发7 d;哮喘+VD3组每次雾化前30 min给予1α,25-二羟基维生素D3注射液(4 μg/kg),对照组和哮喘组给予等量生理盐水。最后一次激发后麻醉处理采集小鼠血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织标本。采用HE染色和PAS染色观察肺组织病理学改变及气道黏液水平的变化;ELISA法检测血清IgE及BALF中炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-5、IL-13水平;免疫组化、Western blotting检测小鼠肺组织中沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)和GATA结合蛋白-3(GATA-3)的表达情况。采用Pearson直线相关分析肺组织SIRT1、GATA-3表达水平(SIRT1、GATA-3的平均OD值)与小鼠血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度的相关性。结果 与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠肺组织气管及伴行血管周围炎性细胞浸润明显增多,其中以嗜酸性粒细胞为主,支气管管腔狭窄,气道黏膜上皮增生,气管内黏液分泌增多;哮喘+VD3组小鼠上述改变较哮喘组减轻。与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠血清IgE和BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13等炎性因子水平及肺组织中GATA-3表达均增高(P<0.05),肺组织中SIRT1表达降低(P<0.05);与哮喘组比较,哮喘+VD3组小鼠血清IgE和BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平及肺组织GATA-3表达均降低(P<0.05),肺组织SIRT1表达增高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,小鼠肺组织SIRT1表达水平与GATA-3表达量、血清IgG及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平均呈负相关(P<0.05);小鼠肺组织GATA-3表达水平与血清IgG及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 1α,25-二羟基维生素D3可缓解哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,其机制可能是通过上调肺组织中SIRT1的表达,抑制GATA-3的表达,进而降低炎性因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13)水平。

, correspAuthors=刘维英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘维英,E-mail:
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王歆,硕士研究生,主要从事呼吸系统疾病治疗方面的研究

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王歆,硕士研究生,主要从事呼吸系统疾病治疗方面的研究

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王歆,硕士研究生,主要从事呼吸系统疾病治疗方面的研究

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OVA. 卵清蛋白

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与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与哮喘组比较,(2)P<0.05

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BALF. 支气管肺泡灌洗液;IL. 白细胞介素;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与哮喘组比较,(2)P<0.05

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SIRT1. 沉默信息调节因子1;GATA-3. GATA结合蛋白-3;A. SIRT1表达情况;B. GATA-3表达情况;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与哮喘组比较,(2)P<0.05

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SIRT1. 沉默信息调节因子1;GATA-3. GATA结合蛋白-3;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与哮喘组比较,(2)P<0.05

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SIRT1. 沉默信息调节因子1;GATA-3. GATA结合蛋白-3

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SIRT1. 沉默信息调节因子1;BALF. 支气管肺泡灌洗液;IL. 白细胞介素

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GATA-3. GATA结合蛋白-3;BALF. 支气管肺泡灌洗液;IL. 白细胞介素

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1α,25-二羟基维生素D3对哮喘小鼠SIRT1GATA-3表达及气道炎症水平的影响
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王歆 1 , 刘维英 2, * , 武晨 1 , 梁雪杰 1 , 开锦军 1
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(6): 686-693
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(6): 686-693
1α,25-二羟基维生素D3对哮喘小鼠SIRT1GATA-3表达及气道炎症水平的影响
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王歆1, 刘维英2, * , 武晨1, 梁雪杰1, 开锦军1
作者信息
  • 1兰州大学第一临床医学院,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 2兰州大学第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 王歆,硕士研究生,主要从事呼吸系统疾病治疗方面的研究

通讯作者:

刘维英,E-mail:
Effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on expression of SIRT1, GATA-3 and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice
Xin Wang1, Wei-Ying Liu2, * , Chen Wu1, Xue-Jie Liang1, Jin-Jun Kai1
Affiliations
  • 1The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
  • 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0520.2023.1204
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目的 探究1α,25-二羟基维生素D3对哮喘小鼠气道炎症变化的影响及可能机制。方法 将24只SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组、哮喘+1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(哮喘+VD3)组,每组8只。哮喘组和哮喘+VD3组小鼠于第1、8、15天给予卵清蛋白(OVA)混悬液0.2 ml致敏,对照组给予生理盐水0.2 ml;哮喘组和哮喘+VD3组于第22~28天使用1% OVA雾化吸入激发,对照组给予等量生理盐水雾化吸入,每次雾化30 min,1次/d,连续激发7 d;哮喘+VD3组每次雾化前30 min给予1α,25-二羟基维生素D3注射液(4 μg/kg),对照组和哮喘组给予等量生理盐水。最后一次激发后麻醉处理采集小鼠血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织标本。采用HE染色和PAS染色观察肺组织病理学改变及气道黏液水平的变化;ELISA法检测血清IgE及BALF中炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-5、IL-13水平;免疫组化、Western blotting检测小鼠肺组织中沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)和GATA结合蛋白-3(GATA-3)的表达情况。采用Pearson直线相关分析肺组织SIRT1、GATA-3表达水平(SIRT1、GATA-3的平均OD值)与小鼠血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度的相关性。结果 与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠肺组织气管及伴行血管周围炎性细胞浸润明显增多,其中以嗜酸性粒细胞为主,支气管管腔狭窄,气道黏膜上皮增生,气管内黏液分泌增多;哮喘+VD3组小鼠上述改变较哮喘组减轻。与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠血清IgE和BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13等炎性因子水平及肺组织中GATA-3表达均增高(P<0.05),肺组织中SIRT1表达降低(P<0.05);与哮喘组比较,哮喘+VD3组小鼠血清IgE和BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平及肺组织GATA-3表达均降低(P<0.05),肺组织SIRT1表达增高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,小鼠肺组织SIRT1表达水平与GATA-3表达量、血清IgG及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平均呈负相关(P<0.05);小鼠肺组织GATA-3表达水平与血清IgG及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 1α,25-二羟基维生素D3可缓解哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,其机制可能是通过上调肺组织中SIRT1的表达,抑制GATA-3的表达,进而降低炎性因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13)水平。

支气管哮喘  /  1α,25-二羟基维生素D3  /  沉默信息调节因子1  /  GATA结合蛋白-3  /  气道炎症

Objective To explore the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice and the potential mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four female BALB/c mice in SPF grade were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): control group, asthma group, and asthma+VD3 group. On the 1st, 8th, and 15th day, asthma group and asthma+VD3 group were given 0.2 ml ovalbumin (OVA) suspension for sensitization, while control group received 0.2 ml normal saline. On the 22-28th day, asthma group and asthma+VD3 group were challenged with 1% OVA atomization inhalation, while control group received an equal amount of normal saline atomization, for 30 minutes each time, once a day, for a continuous 7 days. Asthma+VD3 group was given intraperitoneal injection of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 injection (4 μg/kg) 30 minutes before each atomization, while control group and asthma group were given an equal dose of normal saline. After the last challenge, all mice were anesthetized, and serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected. HE staining and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue and changes in airway mucus levels. ELISA was employed to detect serum IgE and inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF. Immunohistochemical technique and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1 and GATA-3 in mouse lung tissue. Results Compared with control group, asthma group had a significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltration around lung tissue, bronchia and accompanying perivascular, mainly characterized by eosinophils. Bronchial lumen stenosis, airway mucosal epithelial hyperplasia, and increased tracheal mucus secretion were also observed. The above changes in asthma+VD3 group were reduced compared with asthma group. Compared with control group, serum levels of IgE, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 inflammatory factors in BALF and GATA-3 in lung tissue were increased in asthma group (P<0.05), and SIRT1 level in lung tissue was significant decreased (P<0.05). Compared with asthma group, IgE level in serum, inflammatory factors of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, and GATA-3 in lung tissue in asthma+VD3 group were decreased (P<0.05), and SIRT1 level in lung tissue was increased (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of lung tissue SIRT1 was negatively correlated with the expression of GATA-3, serum IgG, and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF (P<0.05); the expression level of lung tissue GATA-3 was positively correlated with serum IgG and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF (P<0.05). Conclusion 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, possibly by upregulating the expression of SIRT1 in lung tissue and inhibiting the expression of GATA-3, thereby inhibiting inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13).

bronchial asthma  /  1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3  /  SIRT1  /  GATA-3  /  airway inflammation
王歆, 刘维英, 武晨, 梁雪杰, 开锦军. 1α,25-二羟基维生素D3对哮喘小鼠SIRT1GATA-3表达及气道炎症水平的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (6) : 686 -693 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0520.2023.1204
Xin Wang, Wei-Ying Liu, Chen Wu, Xue-Jie Liang, Jin-Jun Kai. Effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on expression of SIRT1, GATA-3 and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (6) : 686 -693 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0520.2023.1204
哮喘是一种影响肺部气道的慢性异质性疾病,主要特征包括气道慢性炎症、气道高反应性、多变的可逆性气流受限,以及随病程延长而导致的一系列气道结构改变[1-4]。哮喘的常用治疗药皮质类固醇在长期高剂量使用时,可引发多种不良反应[5],因此,探索皮质类固醇以外的替代或辅助治疗方法极为重要。维生素D是一种脂溶性维生素,除参与调节钙磷稳态外,还具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和调节免疫活性等多种生物学效用[6-9]。既往研究显示,维生素D可通过多种信号通路减轻哮喘的炎症反应,但相关机制尚未阐明[10-11]。沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator gene 1,SIRT1)介导的辅助型T细胞2(T helper 2 cell,Th2)免疫应答的调节与GATA结合蛋白-3(GATA binding protein 3,GATA-3)的表达降低有关[12];SIRT1的过表达可抑制GATA-3的表达,在哮喘中降低Th2相关炎性因子水平[13]。维生素D可通过上调SIRT1的表达而缓解神经炎症、2型糖尿病及预防血管钙化等[14-16],但其能否通过调节SIRT1及GATA-3对哮喘发挥抗炎作用报道较少。本研究通过建立哮喘小鼠模型,观察1α,25-二羟基维生素D3能否通过调控SIRT1、GATA-3,抑制Th2相关炎性因子的释放来缓解哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,旨在为哮喘气道炎症的辅助治疗药物开发和基因治疗靶点的探索提供参考。
8周龄SPF级BALB/c雌性小鼠24只,体重18~22 g,购自兰州大学医学院实验动物中心[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(甘)2018-0002]。小鼠喂养于兰州大学医学院SPF动物房,均接受普通饲料喂养,自由饮水,控制室温25℃左右,相对湿度40%~80%,定期更换垫料,保证饲养环境清洁;适应性喂养1周后一般情况无异常时进行实验。本研究的动物实验方案经兰州大学动物伦理委员会批准(LDYYLL2023-279),实验过程遵守实验动物管理条例。
卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)、1α,25-二羟基维生素D3购自美国Sigma公司;氢氧化铝凝胶购自美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;IgE、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-4、IL-5和IL-13 的ELISA检测试剂盒购自上海酶联生物科技有限公司;抗SIRT1 多克隆抗体购自美国Gene Tex公司;抗GATA-3多克隆抗体购自美国Immunoway公司。
将24只BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组、哮喘+1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(哮喘+VD3)组,每组8只。小鼠哮喘模型的制备参考文献[17-19],造模过程分为致敏和激发两个阶段(图1)。
(1)致敏:哮喘组和哮喘+VD3组小鼠于第1、8、15天分别予以OVA混悬液0.2 ml(含OVA 50 μg、氢氧化铝凝胶4 mg)腹腔注射致敏,对照组小鼠同期腹腔注射生理盐水0.2 ml。(2)激发:致敏结束后,哮喘组和哮喘+VD3组于第22~28天使用1% OVA(OVA 100 mg、生理盐水10 ml)激发液雾化吸入激发,对照组同期给以生理盐水雾化,每次雾化30 min,1次/d,连续激发7 d;哮喘+VD3组于雾化前30 min给予1α,25-二羟基维生素D3注射液(4 μg/kg)腹腔注射,对照组和哮喘组每次雾化前30 min予以相同体积的生理盐水腹腔注射。自致敏开始,每天观察小鼠行为学变化,造模成功后麻醉并取小鼠标本备用。
(1)血清。取眼球血3~5 ml,室温静置2 h,1500 r/min离心15 min,吸取血清,-80 ℃冰箱保存,用于ELISA法检测IgE浓度。(2)支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)。结扎右主支气管,行左主支气管插管,用1ml空针抽取预冷生理盐水进行灌洗,重复3次,收集BALF,回收率>80%为合格。收集好的BALF于4 ℃,1500 r/min离心10 min,提取上清液,-80 ℃保存,用于ELISA法测定炎性因子浓度。(3)肺组织。取双侧肺组织,右侧肺组织于甲醛中固定,用于肺组织切片染色;左肺放于EP管,置于液氮中保存,用于Western blotting检测SIRT1、GATA-3蛋白表达水平。
将右肺固定后,行HE、高碘酸-席夫(periodic acid-Schiff,PAS)染色,观察各组小鼠气道炎症程度、杯状细胞和黏液分泌情况。
将各试剂盒与样本于室温下放置1 h后,严格按照试剂盒说明书操作,采用ELISA法测定血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13的浓度。以空白孔调零,450 nm波长依序测量各孔的吸光度(OD)值,根据样品OD值在标准曲线中计算其浓度,再乘以稀释倍数即为样品最终浓度。
右肺固定后,行免疫组化染色,观察SIRT1、GATA-3的表达部位;采用ImageJ软件系统图像分析测定平均光密度值(OD值),以平均OD值表示SIRT1、GATA-3的表达量。
组织蛋白提取并定量后,行电泳、转膜、目的蛋白免疫反应、洗膜,再置于化学发光检测仪后获得目的条带,使用ImageJ软件测出目的蛋白和内参蛋白的灰度值,最终进行统计学分析。
采用 Pearson 直线相关分析肺组织SIRT1、GATA-3表达水平(SIRT1、GATA-3的平均OD值)与小鼠血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度的相关性。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,采用GraphPad Prism 9.00软件作图。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,方差齐时,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),进一步两两比较采用LSD法;方差不齐时,多组间比较采用非参数检验,进一步两两比较采用U检验。两变量之间的相关性分析采用Pearson直线相关分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
(1)OVA致敏阶段,各组小鼠的外观、行为、反应、活动状况、体重均未见明显变化。(2)OVA激发阶段,对照组小鼠在激发3 min内活动增加,但很快恢复,连续多次激发后毛发光泽度、呼吸频率、饮食及体重等较前无明显变化;哮喘组小鼠出现抓耳挠腮,进而出现点头样呼吸且呼吸频率增快、烦躁不安、弓背直立、毛发竖起等表现,严重者出现行动迟缓、反应迟钝、活动减少,停止雾化1 h后上述症状逐渐自行缓解。连续激发多次后,哮喘组小鼠毛发光泽度明显下降,饮食及体重改变较前变化不明显;哮喘+VD3组小鼠有抓耳挠腮、呼吸频率增快、毛发光泽度下降的表现,停止雾化30 min后上述表现逐渐缓解,整体表现较哮喘组减轻,饮食和体重未见明显变化。
显微镜下观察,对照组小鼠肺组织中支气管、气道黏膜上皮、肺泡结构完整,气管及伴行血管周围炎性细胞浸润极少;哮喘组小鼠可见气管及伴行血管周围炎性细胞浸润明显增多,其中以嗜酸性粒细胞为主,支气管管腔狭窄,气道黏膜上皮增生,气管内黏液分泌增多;哮喘+VD3组上述改变较哮喘组减轻(图2)。
显微镜下观察,对照组小鼠支气管处可见少量的杯状细胞,气道内未见明显的黏液分泌;哮喘组小鼠气道内可见大量杯状细胞增生,气道内大量黏液;哮喘+VD3组小鼠气道内杯状细胞增生及黏液分泌均较哮喘组减轻(图2)。
ELISA法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠血清IgE水平明显增高(P<0.05);与哮喘组比较,哮喘+VD3组小鼠血清IgE水平明显降低(P<0.05,图3)。与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平明显增高(P<0.05);与哮喘组相比,哮喘+VD3组小鼠BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平明显降低(P<0.05,图4)。
免疫组化染色后显微镜下观察,SIRT1和GATA-3的阳性表达主要表现为黄棕色或褐色染色,主要表达部位为支气管及血管周围、肺组织、肺间质中的炎性细胞的细胞核内。与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠肺组织SIRT1表达水平明显降低(0.058±0.019 vs. 0.117±0.017,P<0.05),GATA-3表达水平明显增高(0.111±0.016 vs. 0.063±0.011,P<0.05)。哮喘+VD3组小鼠肺组织SIRT1表达水平(0.089±0.010)明显高于哮喘组(P<0.05),但低于对照组(P<0.05);哮喘+VD3组小鼠肺组织GATA-3表达水平(0.058±0.019)明显低于哮喘组(P<0.05),但仍高于对照组(P<0.05,图5)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠肺组织SIRT1蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),GATA-3蛋白相对表达水平明显增高(P<0.05);与哮喘组比较,哮喘+VD3组小鼠肺组织SIRT1蛋白相对表达水平明显增高(P<0.05),GATA-3蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图6)。
小鼠肺组织中SIRT1与GATA-3表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.7219,P<0.0001,图7)。小鼠肺组织中SIRT1表达水平与血清IgE(r=-0.8320,P<0.0001)及BALF中IL-4(r=-0.8319,P<0.0001)、IL-5(r=-0.6236,P=0.0011)、IL-13(r=-0.6026,P=0.0018)水平呈负相关(图8)。
小鼠肺组织中GATA-3表达水平与血清IgE(r=0.8319,P<0.0001)及BALF中IL-4(r=0.7709,P<0.0001)、IL-5(r=0.5586,P=0.0046)、IL-13(r=0.5197,P=0.0093)水平呈正相关(图9)。
近年来,哮喘的全球发病率持续增高,其发作频率增加和症状加重是导致肺功能障碍的重要因素,而气道炎症是哮喘严重程度和易感性加重的关键。哮喘加重期间气道炎症的发展会进一步加重肺功能损害,如此以往,可形成恶性循环[20]。因此,有效控制炎症在哮喘的治疗中尤为重要。目前认为,哮喘的炎症在多数情况下是慢性存在的,炎症与临床症状的脱节使患者对哮喘的认知度较低,进而导致治疗的依从性差。哮喘的控制除了通过患者教育、避免环境触发和定期随访,控制炎症也是重要的一环[2]。多数哮喘患者使用标准的皮质类固醇吸入治疗可实现良好的疾病控制[3];但仍有部分患者对皮质类固醇吸入或全身治疗无效,导致病情控制不充分且难以治疗;对于激素抵抗型哮喘患者,几乎没有可选的有效治疗方案[4]
哮喘的炎症反应主要是Th1/Th2失衡所致,其中Th2细胞炎症反应占主导地位。Th2细胞分泌的细胞因子在哮喘发病机制中扮演不同角色,IL-4通过Ⅰ型受体(IL-4Ra/gc)诱导B细胞的抗体类别转换,产生IgE;同时,IL-4可促进原始态Th0细胞向Th2细胞分化,进而产生IL-4、IL-13和IL-5,形成循环效应。IL-4和IL-13与气道上皮上的Ⅱ型受体(IL-4Ra/IL-13Ra1)结合,激活信号转导转录激活因子6通路,可快速诱导转录因子GATA-3进而激活Th2细胞。IL-5与嗜酸性粒细胞的成熟、激活、迁移、增殖和存活相关;嗜酸性粒细胞通过释放颗粒内容物,包括Th2相关细胞因子,引起组织损伤,促进炎症进展[21]。本研究中小鼠肺组织HE及PAS染色结果显示,与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠支气管及伴行血管周围炎性细胞浸润增多,其中以嗜酸性粒细胞为主,支气管管腔狭窄、气管内黏液分泌增多;与哮喘组比较,哮喘+VD3组小鼠支气管及伴行血管周围炎性细胞浸润、支气管管腔狭窄减轻,气管内黏液分泌减少,提示1α,25-二羟基维生素D3可促进哮喘小鼠肺组织炎症减轻。哮喘小鼠血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度均较对照组明显增高,哮喘+VD3组使用1α,25-二羟基维生素D3干预后,OVA诱导的Th2相关细胞因子的增高明显受到抑制,显示小鼠气道炎症得到一定程度的缓解。Th1/Th2细胞及其分泌的细胞因子是哮喘患者气道炎症发生发展的关键调节因素,维持Th1/Th2平衡有助于缓解哮喘患者的气道炎症[22]。本研究结果显示,1α,25-二羟基维生素D3可降低小鼠血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度,减轻小鼠气道炎症反应,提示其用于小鼠哮喘有一定的疗效。
SIRT1是一种烟酰胺腺苷二核苷酸依赖性脱乙酰酶,因其具有广泛的靶点,可参与多种生理功能的调节[23];在维持Th细胞平衡和防止细胞持续向Th2表型分化方面发挥重要作用[24]。GATA-3是参与Th2细胞因子转录的关键转录因子,在哮喘患者气道中增多,可被SIRT1负调控[25-26]。SIRT1通过抑制转录因子GATA-3参与哮喘的发病机制[13]。本研究结果显示,与对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠肺组织SIRT1表达水平明显降低,GATA-3表达水平明显增高;而1α,25-二羟基维生素D3干预后,SIRT1表达水平增高,GATA-3表达水平降低。此外,肺组织中SIRT1与GATA-3的表达水平呈负相关;SIRT1表达水平与血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度呈负相关;GATA-3表达水平与血清IgE及BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13浓度呈正相关。既往研究显示,在哮喘患者的T淋巴细胞中,SIRT1降低和GATA-3激活与IL-4增加有关[13];即SIRT1过表达可通过抑制GATA-3表达来降低哮喘患者Th2相关炎性因子水平。因此,1α,25-二羟基维生素D3可能通过上调SIRT1、下调GATA-3,缓解哮喘小鼠气道炎症。
综上所述,1α,25-二羟基维生素D3缓解哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,可能是通过上调肺组织中SIRT1的表达,抑制GATA-3的表达。但本研究未对SIRT1和GATA-3进行特异性干预来进一步验证其与多种炎性因子间的具体关系;另外,本研究仅在OVA诱导的小鼠哮喘模型进行了观察。已有研究显示,维生素D对屋尘螨(HDM)诱导的哮喘小鼠的气道炎症也有一定的缓解作用,但对脂多糖(LPS)联合HDM诱导的激素抵抗性哮喘有何影响未见报道,故维生素D对激素抵抗性哮喘的作用值得进一步研究。
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR1RA074)
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2024年第49卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0520.2023.1204
  • 接收时间:2023-04-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-10
  • 录用日期:2023-05-18
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Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(21JR1RA074)
甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR1RA074)
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    1兰州大学第一临床医学院,甘肃兰州 730000
    2兰州大学第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科,甘肃兰州 730000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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