Article(id=1198602003229275117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1243.2024.0205, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1694707200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706716800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-01, onlineDate=1763698586518, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763698586518, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763698586518, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763698586518, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198601997155922872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='6', pageStart='611', pageEnd='732', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763698585070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763698770557, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198602775211901122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198602775211901123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198601997155922872, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=643, endPage=650, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198602003988444157, articleId=1198602003229275117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effect of high expression of endonuclease meiotic 1 on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of high expression levels of endonuclease meiosis 1 (EME1) in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to screen and analyze differential gene expression between HCC and non-tumor tissues. A retrospective collection of liver tissue samples from 80 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014 was performed. Immunohistochemistry analysis was employed to detect the EME1 expression levels. Survival analysis was then conducted to assess the impact of EME1 expression on 5-year postoperative survival rate of HCC patients. Additionally, gene enrichment analysis was applied to predict the function of EME1 in HCC. Results A total of 371 HCC tissue samples and 50 non-tumor liver tissue samples from TCGA database were analyzed, revealing significantly higher EME1 expression in HCC tissues. Microarray analysis of 107 samples within the GEO database (70 HCC tissues and 37 non-tumor tissues) confirmed that EME1 mRNA expression was markedly elevated in HCC tissues compared with non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was notably lower in high EME1 expression group than that in low expression group (44.1% vs. 53.0%, P<0.05). Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that patients with high EME1 expression had a significantly lower OS rate than those with low EME1 expression (32.8% vs. 45.0%, P<0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis identified that high EME1 expression (HR=2.234, 95%CI 1.073-4.649, P=0.032) and advanced China liver caner (CNLC) staging (HR=4.317, 95%CI 1.799-10.359, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for the 5-year OS of post-operation patients with HCC. Conclusion Elevated EME1 expression in HCC tissues correlates with an adverse prognosis of HCC and suggests that EME1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

, correspAuthors=Jing-Min Zhao, Dong Ji, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Ji Dong, E-mail:
Zhao Jing-Min, E-mail:
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目的 探讨减数分裂内切酶1(EME1)的高表达对肝细胞癌(HCC)预后的临床意义。方法 利用癌症和肿瘤基因图谱(TCGA)数据库及高通量基因表达(GEO)数据库,对HCC肿瘤与非肿瘤组织差异表达基因进行筛选并进行生存分析。回顾性收集2010年1月-2014年12月于解放军总医院第五医学中心行肝癌切除术的80例患者的病理组织样本,采用免疫组织化学法检测EME1的表达情况,进行生存分析,评估EME1对肝癌患者术后5年生存率的影响;采用基因富集分析预测EME1在HCC中的功能。结果 TCGA数据库筛选出371例HCC癌组织及50例非肿瘤组织样本,分析显示EME1 mRNA在HCC癌组织中明显高表达。筛选GEO数据库中的107例样本(包括70例HCC癌组织,37例非肿瘤组织),癌组织的EME1 mRNA表达量明显高于非肿瘤组织(P<0.05)。生存分析显示EME1高表达组术后5年总体生存率明显低于低表达组(44.1% vs. 53.0%,P<0.05)。免疫组化结果半定量分析显示,EME1高表达组的总体生存率明显低于低表达组(32.8% vs. 45.0%,P<0.05),多因素COX分析显示,EME1高表达[风险比(HR)=2.234,95%CI 1.073~4.649,P=0.032]和中国肝癌分期(CNLC)高分期(HR=4.317,95%CI 1.799~10.359,P=0.001)是影响HCC患者术后5年生存率的独立危险因素。结论 EME1在HCC组织中高表达,并与HCC患者的不良预后相关,可作为HCC治疗的潜在靶点。

, correspAuthors=赵景民, 纪冬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
纪冬,E-mail:
赵景民,E-mail:
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王可欣,硕士研究生,主要从事传染病的基础及临床研究工作

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王可欣,硕士研究生,主要从事传染病的基础及临床研究工作

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EME1. 减数分裂内切酶1;A. 聚类图展示TCGA数据库中EME1基因表达情况;B. 火山图展示TCGA数据库中50例非肿瘤组织与371例肝癌组织中的基因表达差异情况;C. TCGA数据库中EME1基因在HCC癌组织与非肿瘤组织中表达存在显著差异;D. GEO数据库中EME1基因在HCC癌组织与非肿瘤组织中表达存在显著差异;*P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=wYAg/v/RC9qM0ly3a2OREQ==, figureFileBig=YioZtyZ3Ck0Vhako7hJC6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198611600551801048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Expression of EME1 protein in HCC tumor tissues, figureFileSmall=Ovh4v9iDIRHRr2inJ8HIKA==, figureFileBig=7H7BVmPF/e0Xy0fuRsDkTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198611600635687132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EME1蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的表达情况

EME1. 减数分裂内切酶1;AOD. 平均光密度值;A. EME1在HCC癌组织与非肿瘤组织中表达情况(免疫组化法,×200),病例1为EME1高表达样本,病例2为EME1低表达样本;B. 高表达组与低表达组中EME1蛋白染色评分比较;C. 高表达组与低表达组中EME1蛋白AOD比较;*P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=Ovh4v9iDIRHRr2inJ8HIKA==, figureFileBig=7H7BVmPF/e0Xy0fuRsDkTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198611600732156126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Relationship between EME1 and prognosis of HCC patients, figureFileSmall=ZXIl9llz3WM3YhFCXAdlHQ==, figureFileBig=NdzJ82MPhWFFlHOjQ4kxqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198611600816042207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=CN, label=图3, caption=EME1与肝细胞癌患者的预后关系

EME1. 减数分裂内切酶1;A.TCGA数据库中EME1高表达组与低表达组的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线;B. IPTW加权处理前EME1蛋白在HCC中低表达组与高表达组的Kaplan-Meier曲线;C. IPTW加权处理后EME1蛋白在HCC中低表达组与高表达组的Kaplan-Meier曲线

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EME1. 减数分裂内切酶1;A-C. GSEA软件分析EME1 mRNA高表达组的相关基因功能变化的KEGG富集通路结果;D. 气泡图展示TCGA数据库的371个样本中EME1基因的相关生物学过程;E. 直方图显示EME1基因高表达组较低表达组差异基因的所在的主要通路;F. STRING数据库显示EME1蛋白与相关蛋白的互作进程

, figureFileSmall=nQ4wc953TXBUNWmGm3JsGw==, figureFileBig=XTBCuGuv16zZMUvMqcbrHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198611601080283365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Relationship between EME1 protein expression and clinicopathological features of HCC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计EME1蛋白相对表达量Z/χ2P
低表达组(n=49)高表达组(n=31)
性别[例 (%)]-0.999*
72(90.0)44(89.8)28(90.3)
8(10.0)5(10.2)3(9.7)
年龄 [例 (%)]0.2410.415
≥52岁33(41.3)21(42.9)12(38.7)
<52岁47(58.7)28(57.1)19(61.3)
ALT[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]43.0(27.8, 64.0)44.0(30.0, 67.0)39.0(26.5, 61.5)839.5020.429
AST[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]37.0(29.0, 57.0)38.0(29.0, 59.0)37.0(28.0, 50.0)844.5030.401
TBil[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]14.9(10.8, 21.7)14.9(10.3, 19.8)14.8(10.9, 21.9)718.0000.682
HBsAg[IU/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]7195.5(5823.8, 8253.0)7356.0(6141.0, 8827.5)6822.0(5578.5, 7769.0)885.5010.109
分化程度[例(%)]-0.856*
低分化2(2.5)1(2.0)1(3.2)
中分化71(88.7)43(87.8)28(90.3)
高分化7(8.8)5(10.2)2(6.5)
CNLC[例(%)]0.3040.286
1/233(41.2)23(46.9)10(32.3)
3/447(58.8)26(53.1)21(67.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1198611601159975143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EME1蛋白表达与肝细胞癌临床指标的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标合计EME1蛋白相对表达量Z/χ2P
低表达组(n=49)高表达组(n=31)
性别[例 (%)]-0.999*
72(90.0)44(89.8)28(90.3)
8(10.0)5(10.2)3(9.7)
年龄 [例 (%)]0.2410.415
≥52岁33(41.3)21(42.9)12(38.7)
<52岁47(58.7)28(57.1)19(61.3)
ALT[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]43.0(27.8, 64.0)44.0(30.0, 67.0)39.0(26.5, 61.5)839.5020.429
AST[U/L, M(Q1, Q3)]37.0(29.0, 57.0)38.0(29.0, 59.0)37.0(28.0, 50.0)844.5030.401
TBil[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]14.9(10.8, 21.7)14.9(10.3, 19.8)14.8(10.9, 21.9)718.0000.682
HBsAg[IU/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]7195.5(5823.8, 8253.0)7356.0(6141.0, 8827.5)6822.0(5578.5, 7769.0)885.5010.109
分化程度[例(%)]-0.856*
低分化2(2.5)1(2.0)1(3.2)
中分化71(88.7)43(87.8)28(90.3)
高分化7(8.8)5(10.2)2(6.5)
CNLC[例(%)]0.3040.286
1/233(41.2)23(46.9)10(32.3)
3/447(58.8)26(53.1)21(67.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1198611601248055530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate COX regression analysis of factors affecting 5-year survival of HCC patients after curative surgery

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素分析多因素分析
HR95%CIPHR95%CIP
年龄≥52岁(vs. <52岁)0.6960.347~1.3960.307---
EME1高表达组(vs. 低表达组)1.8271.006~3.9680.0482.2341.073~4.6490.032
ALT ≥40 U/L(vs. <40 U/L)2.0801.026~4.2140.0421.3160.449~3.8520.617
AST ≥40 U/L(vs. <40 U/L)1.8270.927~3.6010.0822.2790.809~6.4220.119
TBil ≥17.1 μmol/L(vs. <17.1 μmol/L)1.5190.773~2.9820.225---
HBsAg ≥5000 IU/ml(vs. <5000 IU/ml)1.2230.505~2.9660.656---
CNLC Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(vs. Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)3.8021.642~8.8050.0024.3171.799~10.3590.001
), ArticleFig(id=1198611601336135918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198602003229275117, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

肝细胞癌根治术后5年生存期的单因素与多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素分析多因素分析
HR95%CIPHR95%CIP
年龄≥52岁(vs. <52岁)0.6960.347~1.3960.307---
EME1高表达组(vs. 低表达组)1.8271.006~3.9680.0482.2341.073~4.6490.032
ALT ≥40 U/L(vs. <40 U/L)2.0801.026~4.2140.0421.3160.449~3.8520.617
AST ≥40 U/L(vs. <40 U/L)1.8270.927~3.6010.0822.2790.809~6.4220.119
TBil ≥17.1 μmol/L(vs. <17.1 μmol/L)1.5190.773~2.9820.225---
HBsAg ≥5000 IU/ml(vs. <5000 IU/ml)1.2230.505~2.9660.656---
CNLC Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(vs. Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)3.8021.642~8.8050.0024.3171.799~10.3590.001
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减数分裂内切酶1高表达对肝细胞癌预后的影响
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王可欣 1 , 陈椿 2 , 贺梦雯 3 , 李乐 4 , 刘妍 4 , 王洪波 5 , 王春艳 5 , 赵景民 6, * , 纪冬 1, 2, 3, 5, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(6): 643-650
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(6): 643-650
减数分裂内切酶1高表达对肝细胞癌预后的影响
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王可欣1, 陈椿2, 贺梦雯3, 李乐4, 刘妍4, 王洪波5, 王春艳5, 赵景民6, * , 纪冬1, 2, 3, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学解放军307临床学院/第五临床医学院,安徽合肥 230032
  • 2南方医科大学第二临床医学院,广东广州 510515
  • 3北京大学302临床医学院,北京 100191
  • 4解放军总医院第五医学中心感染病医学部,北京 100039
  • 5解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部,北京 100039
  • 6解放军总医院第五医学中心病理科,北京 100039
  • 王可欣,硕士研究生,主要从事传染病的基础及临床研究工作

通讯作者:

纪冬,E-mail:
赵景民,E-mail:
Effect of high expression of endonuclease meiotic 1 on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Ke-Xin Wang1, Chun Chen2, Meng-Wen He3, Le Li4, Yan Liu4, Hong-Bo Wang5, Chun-Yan Wang5, Jing-Min Zhao6, * , Dong Ji1, 2, 3, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1Chinese PLA 307 College/the Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
  • 2Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
  • 3Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100191, China
  • 4Senior Department of Infectious Disease, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 5Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 6Department of Pathology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1243.2024.0205
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目的 探讨减数分裂内切酶1(EME1)的高表达对肝细胞癌(HCC)预后的临床意义。方法 利用癌症和肿瘤基因图谱(TCGA)数据库及高通量基因表达(GEO)数据库,对HCC肿瘤与非肿瘤组织差异表达基因进行筛选并进行生存分析。回顾性收集2010年1月-2014年12月于解放军总医院第五医学中心行肝癌切除术的80例患者的病理组织样本,采用免疫组织化学法检测EME1的表达情况,进行生存分析,评估EME1对肝癌患者术后5年生存率的影响;采用基因富集分析预测EME1在HCC中的功能。结果 TCGA数据库筛选出371例HCC癌组织及50例非肿瘤组织样本,分析显示EME1 mRNA在HCC癌组织中明显高表达。筛选GEO数据库中的107例样本(包括70例HCC癌组织,37例非肿瘤组织),癌组织的EME1 mRNA表达量明显高于非肿瘤组织(P<0.05)。生存分析显示EME1高表达组术后5年总体生存率明显低于低表达组(44.1% vs. 53.0%,P<0.05)。免疫组化结果半定量分析显示,EME1高表达组的总体生存率明显低于低表达组(32.8% vs. 45.0%,P<0.05),多因素COX分析显示,EME1高表达[风险比(HR)=2.234,95%CI 1.073~4.649,P=0.032]和中国肝癌分期(CNLC)高分期(HR=4.317,95%CI 1.799~10.359,P=0.001)是影响HCC患者术后5年生存率的独立危险因素。结论 EME1在HCC组织中高表达,并与HCC患者的不良预后相关,可作为HCC治疗的潜在靶点。

肝细胞癌  /  减数分裂内切酶1  /  免疫组化  /  生存分析

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of high expression levels of endonuclease meiosis 1 (EME1) in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to screen and analyze differential gene expression between HCC and non-tumor tissues. A retrospective collection of liver tissue samples from 80 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014 was performed. Immunohistochemistry analysis was employed to detect the EME1 expression levels. Survival analysis was then conducted to assess the impact of EME1 expression on 5-year postoperative survival rate of HCC patients. Additionally, gene enrichment analysis was applied to predict the function of EME1 in HCC. Results A total of 371 HCC tissue samples and 50 non-tumor liver tissue samples from TCGA database were analyzed, revealing significantly higher EME1 expression in HCC tissues. Microarray analysis of 107 samples within the GEO database (70 HCC tissues and 37 non-tumor tissues) confirmed that EME1 mRNA expression was markedly elevated in HCC tissues compared with non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was notably lower in high EME1 expression group than that in low expression group (44.1% vs. 53.0%, P<0.05). Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that patients with high EME1 expression had a significantly lower OS rate than those with low EME1 expression (32.8% vs. 45.0%, P<0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis identified that high EME1 expression (HR=2.234, 95%CI 1.073-4.649, P=0.032) and advanced China liver caner (CNLC) staging (HR=4.317, 95%CI 1.799-10.359, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for the 5-year OS of post-operation patients with HCC. Conclusion Elevated EME1 expression in HCC tissues correlates with an adverse prognosis of HCC and suggests that EME1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

hepatocellular carcinoma  /  endonuclease meiotic 1  /  immunohistochemistry  /  survival analysis
王可欣, 陈椿, 贺梦雯, 李乐, 刘妍, 王洪波, 王春艳, 赵景民, 纪冬. 减数分裂内切酶1高表达对肝细胞癌预后的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (6) : 643 -650 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1243.2024.0205
Ke-Xin Wang, Chun Chen, Meng-Wen He, Le Li, Yan Liu, Hong-Bo Wang, Chun-Yan Wang, Jing-Min Zhao, Dong Ji. Effect of high expression of endonuclease meiotic 1 on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (6) : 643 -650 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1243.2024.0205
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是肝癌的主要类型之一,也是目前导致全球肿瘤患者死亡的第二大因素[1-2]。我国HCC病死率高,主要原因是大多数HCC患者在诊断时即为晚期,而晚期HCC的治疗效果欠佳[3-5]。HCC的病因在不同区域差异很大,亚洲地区主要是由乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)慢性感染引起。HBV感染会引起DNA突变,导致基因组不稳定而发生HCC[6-11]。因此,DNA损伤修复对于维持基因组稳定性起重要作用。减数分裂内切酶1(endonuclease meiosis 1,EME1)首先被发现于裂解酵母中,属于EME1/MMS4家族,与核酸内切酶同源蛋白特异性内切酶亚基81(MUS81)相互作用[12]EME1基因不仅参与了修复双链断裂、调节异常的Holliday连接及复制叉状结构、维持基因组稳定性,还可能与肿瘤易感性有关[13-14]。目前关于EME1参与HCC的具体机制尚少见报道。本研究通过癌症和肿瘤基因图谱(TCGA,https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/)数据库筛选出在HCC中高表达且差异倍数较大的EME1基因,探讨EME1基因高表达与HCC细胞增殖的临床相关性,以期寻找HCC的潜在靶向治疗位点。
收集2010年1月-2014年12月于解放军总医院第五医学中心经肝组织病理学确诊的80例HCC患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。纳入标准:(1)病理学确诊为HCC;(2)年龄≥18岁,性别不限;(3)病因是HBV感染;(4)定期来院复查。排除标准:(1)合并酗酒、吸毒、其他病毒性感染或其他肿瘤;(2)重要数据缺失。采集患者如下资料:(1)基线资料,包括性别、年龄、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肿瘤分化程度、中国肝癌分期(CNLC)[15];(2)生存资料,所有患者均随访5年或死亡,失访数据按删失处理;(3)病理蜡块,调取患者的癌组织及非肿瘤组织(癌旁)蜡块,进行免疫组织化学染色。本研究为回顾性研究,豁免研究对象签署知情同意书。本研究方案获解放军总医院第五医学中心伦理委员会审批(2020055D)。
磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)、二氨基联苯胺(DAB)显色剂、苏木精染料及一抗稀释液(北京阳光英锐生物科技有限公司),鼠源EME1单克隆抗体(美国Santa Cruz生物技术公司),辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记山羊抗小鼠的二抗检测试剂盒(北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司)。
通过TCGA数据库和高通量基因表达(GEO,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)数据库分析EME1 mRNA表达水平;采用R软件和Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)基因集富集分析软件进行数据分析;使用在线工具STRING(https://cn.string-db.org/)进行蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)分析,寻找与EME1蛋白紧密关联的基因,设置物种为智人,选择中等关联度0.400。
将患者的癌组织及非肿瘤组织蜡块制作成厚度为4 μm的切片,于70 ℃烤片20~30 min,二甲苯进行常规脱蜡,梯度乙醇进行水化,置于微波炉加热,用碱性乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)修复液进行抗原修复10 min,胎牛血清封闭,滴加一抗EME1(1:650),4 ℃孵育过夜。次日滴加二抗,DAB显色,苏木精对比染色,中性树胶封固。结果判读:在高倍镜下用显微镜从每个样本中捕获5个具有代表性的图像,进行如下评价。染色强度评分标准:0分为无染色,1分为浅黄色,2分为棕黄色,3分为深褐色。阳性细胞百分率评分标准:0分为0~5%阳性染色,1分为6%~25%阳性染色,2分为26%~50%阳性染色,3分为51%~75%阳性染色,4分为76%~100%阳性染色。将染色强度评分与阳性细胞百分率评分相乘(范围0~12)。取中位数6分为高、低表达的分界值。并利用ImageJ软件对免疫组化的图片进行半定量分析,计算平均光密度值(AOD)。
采用R4.3.0软件进行统计学分析。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher's精确检验,计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$或M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。考虑到两组比较时的选择偏倚及潜在混杂因素,采用逆概率处理加权(IPTW)方法对数据进行加权评分,以控制EME1高、低表达组间的基线特征差异。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和log-rank检验进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险回归模型确定HCC患者5年生存率的预测因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过TCGA数据库筛选出信息完整的371例HCC癌组织及50例非肿瘤组织样本,对所包含基因进行筛选及去重等数据处理,获得14 273个相关基因,利用R软件中的“edge”包进行差异性分析,结果显示EME1为高表达基因,HCC癌组织的EME1 mRNA表达量为5.77±1.56,高于非肿瘤组织(2.43±0.89),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图1A-C)。
从GEO数据库(GSE121248)下载微阵列数据,验证EME1基因在HCC中的表达情况,对GSE121248数据集中的107例组织样本(包括70例HCC癌组织标本、37例非肿瘤组织样本)进行生物信息学分析,结果显示HCC癌组织的EME1 mRNA表达量为8.30±0.56,高于非肿瘤组织(7.81±0.38),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图1D)。
EME1蛋白主要表达于细胞核中(图2A),根据半定量分析结果(图2B),将80例HCC样本分为高表达组(n=31,EME1表达量为8.16±1.46)及低表达组(n=49,EME1表达量为1.84±2.08)。高表达组的AOD值为0.232±0.042,高于低表达组的0.179±0.058,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2C)。两组性别、年龄、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、分化程度及CNLC分期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
TCGA数据库中,根据EME1 mRNA表达水平的中位数(5.78)将371例HCC患者分为高表达组(184例)与低表达组(187例)。绘制两组生存曲线,结果显示高表达组的5年累积总生存率为44.1%,明显低于低表达组的53.0%(P<0.05,图3A)。
80例HCC患者中,Kaplan-Meier曲线显示EME1蛋白高表达组的1、3和5年生存率分别为54.7%、41.0%和30.8%,分别低于低表达组的80.3%、68.4%和46.9%(P<0.05,图3B);IPTW加权后,EME1高表达组的1、3和5年生存率分别为58.3%、44.2%和33.5%,分别低于低表达组的80.4%、67.3%和43.3%(P<0.05,图3C)。多因素COX回归分析中,ALT、AST及TBil以其正常值上限为分界值,HBsAg以5000 IU/ml为分界值[16],结果显示EME1蛋白高表达[风险比(HR)=2.234,95%置信区间(CI)=1.073~4.649,P=0.032]及CNLC高分期(HR=4.317,95%CI=1.799~10.359,P=0.001)是HCC患者5年生存率的独立危险因素(表2)。
采用GSEA软件富集分析TCGA数据中EME1 mRNA高表达组相关基因的功能变化,结果显示富集通路主要参与卟啉和叶绿素代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖酸酯互续以及其他聚糖降解等代谢途径(P<0.05,图4A-C)。使用R包“DEGs”筛选出EME1 mRNA高表达组与低表达组有差异的2105个基因,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。GO富集结果显示,差异基因主要存在于核质及细胞质等细胞成分,具有参与核酸结合、DNA合成及小分子合成等分子功能,在细胞负调节、细胞器形成及含核碱基化合物代谢过程的调控等生物学过程中发挥着重要作用,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4D)。KEGG富集结果显示,EME1及相关差异基因主要参与细胞周期、DNA复制及同源重组等通路的调控,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,图4E)。通过检索STRING数据库发现,与EME1最密切的互作蛋白主要有MUS81、RAD51、EXO1、RMI2、BRCA1、TOP3A、BLM、ERCC4和SLX4,这些蛋白均与细胞DNA损伤修复及维持基因稳定性有着密切的联系。EME1与细胞增殖有关的基因IRS1AKT1PIK3CATP53CCNE2MDM2JUNEGR1密切相关(图4F)。
EME1蛋白由583个氨基酸组成,分子量为65 kD,其编码基因定位于染色体17q21.3[17],在较多成年人组织如肝、心脏及皮肤等,以及胚胎发育的不同阶段均有表达[12]。EME1蛋白通过C末端区域与MUS81结合形成具有结构特异性内切酶功能的异源二聚体蛋白复合体,对DNA结构进行切割,EME1是MUS81发挥核酸内切酶活性的必要条件[12,17]。MUS81-EME1复合体可以诱导底物的构象变化,在此过程中MUS81的疏水楔形结构及5′端至关重要,这2个关键结构参与蛋白质-DNA的相互作用、3′端DNA底物的弯曲,以及在活性部位放置切割链[18]。有研究发现,用秋水仙碱处理分裂期的细胞,敲除了含有等位基因的EME1+/-细胞发生染色体突变的概率大于野生型细胞,说明EME1可维持染色体稳定[19]。通常情况下,脆性位点在体细胞中是稳定的,但在许多癌细胞中经常发生缺失或重排,MUS81-EME1的失稳参与肿瘤的发生发展过程[20]。在一项基于治疗性多肽药物的研究中提到,多肽通过与EME1结合,可扰乱MUS81-EME1复合体的结构,并降低胰腺癌细胞活力,从而延长患者的生存时间[21]。还有研究表明,EME1基因参与细胞增殖的过程可能与膀胱癌的预后有关[22]EME1基因参与了细胞调节、增殖及迁移,与多种癌症复发有着密切联系。最新一项纳入了645例HCC患者及649例健康对照的研究发现,EME1基因的Glu69Asp错义多态性(Rs3760413)与广西人群患HCC的风险显著相关[23]。另一项纳入了36对原发胃癌及邻近非癌组织标本的研究发现,EME1在胃癌组织及胃癌细胞系AGS、MGC-80细胞中均呈高表达,EME1表达水平与胃癌分化程度及淋巴结转移都有着密切的联系。体内外实验中敲除EME1基因后,胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力都受到了明显的抑制,同时增加了细胞凋亡及细胞周期停滞的发生率,这些现象的出现可能涉及MYB/EME1/AKT通路,提示EME1可能是胃癌潜在的治疗靶点[13]。Tomoda等[24]对几种不同的恶性肿瘤研究发现,EME1比ERCC1、RAD51、MUS81能够更准确地预测肿瘤细胞对顺铂的敏感性,因此EME1或可作为化疗敏感性的标志物。
本实验探究了EME1蛋白与HCC患者预后的关系,研究发现EME1蛋白高表达的HCC患者总生存期更短,这与另一文献中的结论EME1高表达与胃癌的不良预后密切联系一致[13]。多因素分析结果表明EME1蛋白高表达是HCC患者5年生存率的独立危险因素,提示EME1有望成为独立预测HCC发生发展的标志物。目前早期HCC的主要治疗手段仍为手术切除,治疗效果较好,但部分根治患者在5年内出现复发,目前尚无明确的复发预测因素[25],从而延误启动靶向免疫治疗的时机,而EME1的表达情况或可成为启动治疗的生物学标志之一,这也是未来的研究热点。从治疗角度而言,虽然针对中晚期HCC的系统治疗已取得了长足的进步,目前一线治疗药物的全球多中心随机双盲对照研究结果表示,索拉非尼治疗的中位生存期为10.7月(SHARP研究)[26],仑伐替尼治疗的中位生存期为13.6月(REFLECT研究)[27],阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗(简称“T+A”方案)治疗的中位生存期为19.2月(IMbrave150研究)[28],但距离预期尚有较大的距离,因此寻找更加有效的治疗靶点以协同提高疗效尤为重要,本研究结果提示EME1或可成为潜在的治疗靶点。
针对参与下游信号通路的机制,本研究发现EME1与细胞增殖有关的基因IRS1PIK3CAAKT1等密切相关,提示EME1可能通过参与调控细胞增殖来影响HCC的发生发展。胰岛素底物受体1(IRS1)是胰岛素样生长因子I受体(IGF-IR)的主要信号分子,在同源重组DNA修复中发挥重要作用。Trojanek等[29]发现IGF-IR介导的生长反应与DNA修复的协调可能是确保基因组正常稳定发育的关键,IRS1在这一过程中发挥了核心作用,且IRS1与RAD51在细胞质中表现出高亲和力,当增殖的癌细胞不能磷酸化IRS1时,低磷酸化的IRS1可能会抑制RAD51的核转位,因此不利于RAD51的释放和双链断裂的修复。有研究通过IHC法检测IRS1在高血糖HCC患者与正常血糖HCC患者癌组织及非肿瘤组织的表达情况发现,两组患者中IRS1表达量均为癌组织高于非肿瘤组织,高糖HCC患者出现了胰岛素抵抗导致IRS1的减少,而索拉非尼可通过增加IRS1的表达改善建模HepG2细胞的胰岛素抵抗情况[30]。因此,异常表达的IRS1会损害胰岛素抵抗的下游AKT信号通路,IRS1与PI3K/AKT信号通路密切相关[31]
本研究利用STRING数据库分析EME1蛋白互作关系发现,EME1的互作蛋白主要集中在同源重组和维持染色体稳定等方面,与参与同源重组及DNA修复的MUS81、RAD51,以及细胞增殖相关蛋白IRS1、PIK3CA、AKT1有着密切的联系,推测EME1可能参与了IRS1/PI3K/AKT通路调节HCC细胞的增殖,与肿瘤的发生发展有着密切的联系。
综上所述,EME1在HCC组织中高表达,并且与5年总生存率下降显著相关,EME1可作为HCC发生发展的独立预测因子,有望成为预测疗效的生物学标志物及潜在的治疗靶点。本研究是临床层面上的表象探索,后续需要在细胞层面进行功能性研究探索具体的分子机制。
  • 北京市自然科学基金面上项目(7222173)
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2024年第49卷第6期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1243.2024.0205
  • 接收时间:2023-09-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-15
  • 录用日期:2024-02-01
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7222173)
北京市自然科学基金面上项目(7222173)
作者信息
    1安徽医科大学解放军307临床学院/第五临床医学院,安徽合肥 230032
    2南方医科大学第二临床医学院,广东广州 510515
    3北京大学302临床医学院,北京 100191
    4解放军总医院第五医学中心感染病医学部,北京 100039
    5解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部,北京 100039
    6解放军总医院第五医学中心病理科,北京 100039

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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