Article(id=1198558270731416084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2512.2024.0511, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1672070400000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1704124800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-02, onlineDate=1763688159878, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688159878, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688159878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688159878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558265329152414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='7', pageStart='733', pageEnd='854', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688158589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689196450, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=804, endPage=813, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558271075349031, articleId=1198558270731416084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granule on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice and its mechanisms, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules (6 in each group). In control group, only right kidney ureter was exposed and dissected. In model group, the UUO animal model was established by UUO. In low and high dose groups, mice were administered intragastrically at doses of 3.8 and 7.6 g/kg of Chaihuang Yishen Granules respectively,following the model group's method to establish the UUO model. After 7 days, the mice were euthanized and renal samples were collected. HE and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes and fibrosis degree of the kidneys in each group, Sirius red staining was used to observe collagen deposition. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), type Ⅰ collagen (Col-Ⅰ), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin related proteins were detected using Western blotting. Changes in A33 and GSK-3β, β-catenin mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Additionally, a normal transformed C3H mouse kidney-1 (TCMK1) was used as control (normal group); an in vitro fibrosis model was established using TCMK1 stimulated with Transforming Growth Factor‑β (TGF‑β); and an in vitro drug model was established using TCMK1 treated with serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules. A33 was overexpressed in TCMK1 cells using a transfection with an A33 overexpression plasmid, and changes in fibrosis-related indicators and the expression of A33 and GSK-3β, β-catenin mRNA were observed. Results RT-PCR results showed that, compared with control group, A33 level was significantly increased in model group, while it was significantly reduced in both low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression levels of fibrosis-related factors such as α-SMA, FN, Col-Ⅰ in model group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05); while compared with model group, the expression levels of α-SMA, FN, Col-Ⅰ in low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules were significantly lower (P<0.05). HE, Masson, immunohistochemical staining results showed that model group had severe kidney structural damage, significant increase in collagen deposition, and significantly higher expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in control group (P<0.01). In contrast, low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules had good kidney structure, significant improvement in kidney damage and fibrosis, and significantly lower expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in model group (P<0.05). In vitro experiment results confirmed that, compared with normal group, A33 overexpression promoted the upregulation of fibrosis-related factors in TCMK1 cells, significantly increase the expression of downstream target genes GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (P<0.05), and A33 overexpression reversed the cellular fibrosis changes downregulated by the serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules (P<0.01). Conclusion Chaihuang Yishen Granules significantly improve renal fibrosis in UUO mice by downregulating the A33/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that A33 may be a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.

, correspAuthors=Li Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨柴黄益肾颗粒对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)小鼠肾纤维化的作用及其机制。方法 将24只8周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组(n=6)。对照组仅暴露且游离右侧肾输尿管;模型组行UUO建立UUO动物模型;柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组按模型组方法建立UUO小鼠模型并分别予以3.8、7.6 g/kg柴黄益肾颗粒灌胃,7 d后麻醉处死小鼠收集肾标本。采用HE、Masson染色观察肾脏病理变化及纤维化程度,天狼星红染色观察胶原沉积情况。采用Western blotting检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤连蛋白(FN)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col-Ⅰ)、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)相关蛋白的表达水平。采用RT-PCR检测A33及GSK-3ββ-catenin mRNA水平的变化。同时,以正常小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK1)作为正常组,并利用转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)刺激TCMK1建立体外纤维化模型,柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清处理建立体外用药模型;并通过转染A33过表达质粒在TCMK1细胞内过表达A33,观察纤维化相关指标及A33及GSK-3ββ-catenin mRNA的表达变化。结果 RT-PCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组A33水平明显升高,而柴黄益肾颗粒高、低剂量组明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,模型组α-SMA、FN、Col-Ⅰ等纤维化相关因子的表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组α-SMA、FN、Col-Ⅰ的表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。HE、Masson、免疫组化染色结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组肾脏结构损伤严重,胶原沉积明显增加,且GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组肾脏结构良好,肾脏损伤及纤维化均明显好转,GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。体外实验结果证实,与正常组比较,A33过表达可促进TCMK1细胞纤维化相关因子的上调,明显增加Wnt/β-catenin信号通路下游靶点GSK-3ββ-catenin mRNA的表达(P<0.05),且A33过表达可逆转柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清下调的细胞纤维化改变(P<0.01)。结论 柴黄益肾颗粒可通过下调A33/Wnt/β-catenin信号通路明显减缓UUO小鼠肾纤维化,且A33可能是肾纤维化的一个潜在治疗靶标。

, correspAuthors=王丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王丽,E-mail:
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谢柯欢,医学硕士,主要从事肾病免疫及纤维化方面的研究

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谢柯欢,医学硕士,主要从事肾病免疫及纤维化方面的研究

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UUO. 单侧输尿管梗阻

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α-SMA. α-平滑肌肌动蛋白;Col-Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;FN. 纤连蛋白;UUO. 单侧输尿管梗阻;A. Western blotting检测各组α-SMA、Col‑Ⅰ、FN蛋白表达情况;B. RT-PCR检测α-SMACol-IFN mRNA表达情况;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

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α-SMA. α-平滑肌肌动蛋白;Col-Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;FN. 纤连蛋白;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

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Col-Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;α-SMA. α-平滑肌肌动蛋白;FN. 纤连蛋白;TGF-β. 转化生长因子-β;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=qz/qNo+AiG8SYwqf9UQ9hA==, figureFileBig=ARQWGOnV4MftkEgIW0FQlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375517913940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558270731416084, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of Chaihuang Yishen Granule on A33/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice of each group, figureFileSmall=HlFxG/UebZCcKAKVeyPwNg==, figureFileBig=kwllzfELXb/vIOy+jFyPhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375614382935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558270731416084, language=CN, label=图5, caption=柴黄益肾颗粒对各组小鼠A33/Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

Col-Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;α-SMA. α-平滑肌肌动蛋白;FN. 纤连蛋白;β-catenin. β-连环蛋白;GSK-3β. 糖原合成酶激酶3β;A. A33在小鼠体内及各组细胞表达的RT-PCR检测结果;B. Western blotting检测各组细胞内的β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平;C. 免疫组化检测各组小鼠肾内β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平及统计结果;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=HlFxG/UebZCcKAKVeyPwNg==, figureFileBig=kwllzfELXb/vIOy+jFyPhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375736017756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558270731416084, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of Chaihuang Yishen Granule on cell fibrosis and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway activation after A33 over expression in mice of each group, figureFileSmall=zz2TzLGZOE7aC7n9+5rZug==, figureFileBig=wbPeBWrscdaajirPn3TDig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375866041183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558270731416084, language=CN, label=图6, caption=柴黄益肾颗粒对各组小鼠A33高表达后细胞纤维化指标和Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

FN. 纤连蛋白;Col-Ⅰ. Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;β-catenin. β-连环蛋白;GSK-3β. 糖原合成酶激酶3β;A. RT-PCR检测A33表达情况;B. Western blotting检测过表达A33后FN、Col-Ⅰ、β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平;C. Western blotting检测各组细胞内FN、Col-Ⅰ、β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达情况;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=zz2TzLGZOE7aC7n9+5rZug==, figureFileBig=wbPeBWrscdaajirPn3TDig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375970898785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558270731416084, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences for RT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因序列(5'-3')
LncRNA A330074k22Rik正向:CTGCTTCGTGAAAACTGTCTC
反向:GAGTCCTGTCGTGAGTTCAAG
FN正向:TACGGAGAGACAGGAGGAAATA
反向:CATACAGGGTGATGGTGTAGTC
α-SMA正向:CTCTGGTGTGTGACAATGGTCC
反向:CGAAGCTCGTTATAGAAGGAGTG
GAPDH正向:AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG
反向:TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA
), ArticleFig(id=1198589376067367779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558270731416084, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因序列(5'-3')
LncRNA A330074k22Rik正向:CTGCTTCGTGAAAACTGTCTC
反向:GAGTCCTGTCGTGAGTTCAAG
FN正向:TACGGAGAGACAGGAGGAAATA
反向:CATACAGGGTGATGGTGTAGTC
α-SMA正向:CTCTGGTGTGTGACAATGGTCC
反向:CGAAGCTCGTTATAGAAGGAGTG
GAPDH正向:AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG
反向:TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA
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柴黄益肾颗粒对单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠肾纤维化的作用及其机制
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谢柯欢 1 , 张浩军 2 , 谭睿陟 1 , 粟宏伟 3 , 刘鹏 4 , 李平 2 , 王丽 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(7): 804-813
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(7): 804-813
柴黄益肾颗粒对单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠肾纤维化的作用及其机制
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谢柯欢1, 张浩军2, 谭睿陟1, 粟宏伟3, 刘鹏4, 李平2, 王丽1, *
作者信息
  • 1西南医科大学附属中医医院中西结合研究中心,四川泸州 646000
  • 2北京中日友好医院临床医学研究所,北京 100029
  • 3西南医科大学附属中医医院泌尿外科,四川泸州 646000
  • 4北京顺义区中医医院肾病科,北京 101320
  • 谢柯欢,医学硕士,主要从事肾病免疫及纤维化方面的研究

通讯作者:

王丽,E-mail:
Effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granule on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice and its mechanisms
Ke-Huan Xie1, Hao-Jun Zhang2, Rui-Zhi Tan1, Hong-Wei Su3, Peng Liu4, Ping Li2, Li Wang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Research, Affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
  • 2Clinical Medical Research Institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • 3Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
  • 4Department of Nephrology, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 101320, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2512.2024.0511
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目的 探讨柴黄益肾颗粒对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)小鼠肾纤维化的作用及其机制。方法 将24只8周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组(n=6)。对照组仅暴露且游离右侧肾输尿管;模型组行UUO建立UUO动物模型;柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组按模型组方法建立UUO小鼠模型并分别予以3.8、7.6 g/kg柴黄益肾颗粒灌胃,7 d后麻醉处死小鼠收集肾标本。采用HE、Masson染色观察肾脏病理变化及纤维化程度,天狼星红染色观察胶原沉积情况。采用Western blotting检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤连蛋白(FN)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col-Ⅰ)、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)相关蛋白的表达水平。采用RT-PCR检测A33及GSK-3ββ-catenin mRNA水平的变化。同时,以正常小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK1)作为正常组,并利用转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)刺激TCMK1建立体外纤维化模型,柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清处理建立体外用药模型;并通过转染A33过表达质粒在TCMK1细胞内过表达A33,观察纤维化相关指标及A33及GSK-3ββ-catenin mRNA的表达变化。结果 RT-PCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组A33水平明显升高,而柴黄益肾颗粒高、低剂量组明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,模型组α-SMA、FN、Col-Ⅰ等纤维化相关因子的表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组α-SMA、FN、Col-Ⅰ的表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。HE、Masson、免疫组化染色结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组肾脏结构损伤严重,胶原沉积明显增加,且GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组肾脏结构良好,肾脏损伤及纤维化均明显好转,GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。体外实验结果证实,与正常组比较,A33过表达可促进TCMK1细胞纤维化相关因子的上调,明显增加Wnt/β-catenin信号通路下游靶点GSK-3ββ-catenin mRNA的表达(P<0.05),且A33过表达可逆转柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清下调的细胞纤维化改变(P<0.01)。结论 柴黄益肾颗粒可通过下调A33/Wnt/β-catenin信号通路明显减缓UUO小鼠肾纤维化,且A33可能是肾纤维化的一个潜在治疗靶标。

柴黄益肾颗粒  /  肾纤维化  /  Wnt/β-catenin信号通路

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules (6 in each group). In control group, only right kidney ureter was exposed and dissected. In model group, the UUO animal model was established by UUO. In low and high dose groups, mice were administered intragastrically at doses of 3.8 and 7.6 g/kg of Chaihuang Yishen Granules respectively,following the model group's method to establish the UUO model. After 7 days, the mice were euthanized and renal samples were collected. HE and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes and fibrosis degree of the kidneys in each group, Sirius red staining was used to observe collagen deposition. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), type Ⅰ collagen (Col-Ⅰ), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin related proteins were detected using Western blotting. Changes in A33 and GSK-3β, β-catenin mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Additionally, a normal transformed C3H mouse kidney-1 (TCMK1) was used as control (normal group); an in vitro fibrosis model was established using TCMK1 stimulated with Transforming Growth Factor‑β (TGF‑β); and an in vitro drug model was established using TCMK1 treated with serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules. A33 was overexpressed in TCMK1 cells using a transfection with an A33 overexpression plasmid, and changes in fibrosis-related indicators and the expression of A33 and GSK-3β, β-catenin mRNA were observed. Results RT-PCR results showed that, compared with control group, A33 level was significantly increased in model group, while it was significantly reduced in both low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression levels of fibrosis-related factors such as α-SMA, FN, Col-Ⅰ in model group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05); while compared with model group, the expression levels of α-SMA, FN, Col-Ⅰ in low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules were significantly lower (P<0.05). HE, Masson, immunohistochemical staining results showed that model group had severe kidney structural damage, significant increase in collagen deposition, and significantly higher expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in control group (P<0.01). In contrast, low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules had good kidney structure, significant improvement in kidney damage and fibrosis, and significantly lower expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in model group (P<0.05). In vitro experiment results confirmed that, compared with normal group, A33 overexpression promoted the upregulation of fibrosis-related factors in TCMK1 cells, significantly increase the expression of downstream target genes GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (P<0.05), and A33 overexpression reversed the cellular fibrosis changes downregulated by the serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules (P<0.01). Conclusion Chaihuang Yishen Granules significantly improve renal fibrosis in UUO mice by downregulating the A33/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that A33 may be a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.

Chaihuang Yishen Granule  /  renal fibrosis  /  Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
谢柯欢, 张浩军, 谭睿陟, 粟宏伟, 刘鹏, 李平, 王丽. 柴黄益肾颗粒对单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠肾纤维化的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (7) : 804 -813 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2512.2024.0511
Ke-Huan Xie, Hao-Jun Zhang, Rui-Zhi Tan, Hong-Wei Su, Peng Liu, Ping Li, Li Wang. Effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granule on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice and its mechanisms[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (7) : 804 -813 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2512.2024.0511
慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)已成为严重的公共卫生问题,威胁着人类的健康安全[1]。肾纤维化是CKD进展的最终病理标志,也是导致终末期器官功能障碍的重要原因之一[2]。然而,目前仍未找到能有效缓解肾纤维化进展的方法与途径,因此迫切需要探索新的发病机制及治疗靶点[3]。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)参与CKD的发生发展已成为近年来肾脏领域的研究热点[4],多项数据表明lncRNA是CKD发展的重要调节因子[5-7]。A33为本团队首次发现的长度>200 nt的新lncRNA,已被证实可促进急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生发展[8]。此外,Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活已被证实是CKD发生发展的关键特征,在CKD的发展进程中起着重要作用[9-10]
柴黄益肾颗粒是依据中医学理论构建的中药复方制剂,在治疗难治性慢性肾炎方面取得了较好的疗效[11],但其具体机制尚未阐明。因此,本研究采用单侧输尿管梗阻(unilateraal ureteral obstruction,UUO)小鼠模型和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)诱导的小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TCMK1)纤维化细胞模型,观察柴黄益肾颗粒对UUO小鼠肾组织和TCMK1细胞损伤、纤维化的减缓作用,并探讨A33是否为柴黄益肾颗粒发挥肾保护作用的关键调控因子以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的变化,以期为CKD的治疗提供新的治疗方向和干预靶点。
24只8周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠,体重22~25 g;20只8周龄雄性SD大鼠,体重140~160 g,均购自成都药康生物科技有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SYXK(川)2020-034],饲养于西南医科大学实验动物中心[实验动物使用许可证号:SYXK(川)2020-065]。大、小鼠均自由摄食饮水,环境温度20~24 ℃,相对湿度50%~60%,明暗交替,适应性饲养1周后开始实验。本研究获西南医科大学动物伦理委员会的批准(2021DW027)。TCMK1小鼠肾小管上皮细胞购自美国ATCC公司,使用含10%胎牛血清(10099-141C,美国Gibco BioTek)和DMEM高糖培养基(L110KJ,上海源培生物科技股份有限公司)。培养于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞孵箱内。
Trizol试剂(Lot#P5207),无内毒素质粒大提试剂盒(Lot#W9623,北京天根生化科技有限公司),兔抗小鼠α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)抗体(00096457,武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司),兔抗小鼠GAPDH抗体(AB0037,上海泊湾生物技术有限公司),兔抗小鼠Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(collagen-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅰ)抗体(4060,美国Cell Signaling Technology公司),兔抗小鼠纤连蛋白(FN)抗体(334482,上海艾比玛特生物医药有限公司),兔抗小鼠糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)抗体(AF5016)、兔抗小鼠β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)抗体(AF6266,江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司),TGF-β(100-21-10UG,苏州派普泰克生物科技有限公司),荧光定量PCR染料试剂(LS2068,北京普洛麦格生物技术有限公司),CCK-8试剂盒(C0042)、HE染色试剂盒(C0105)(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司),天狼星红染色试剂盒(P200107,南京森贝伽生物科技有限公司),中杉金桥免疫组化试剂盒(PV-6000,北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司),Masson染色试剂盒(BA-40798,珠海贝索生物公司),转染试剂Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Reagent(2392157,美国Invitrogen公司);pcDNA3.1-A33过表达质粒(由湖南丰晖生物科技有限公司构建)。LightCycle 96荧光定量PCR仪(瑞士Roche公司),正置光学显微镜(Nikon Eclipse E100,日本尼康公司),电泳槽和湿转转膜系统(美国Bio-Rad公司)。
柴黄益肾颗粒免煎剂,由柴胡、黄芪、石韦、猪苓、水蛭、穿山龙、当归组成,由中日友好医院药学部加工,用反渗透水(reverses osmosis,RO)熬制调控浓度至3.8 g/ml。
将8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为对照组、模型组及柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组,每组6只。对照组仅切开右侧背部皮肤,暴露且游离右侧肾输尿管,不做结扎或离断处理;模型组参考文献[12]建立UUO小鼠模型,方法如下:(1)腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠成功麻醉小鼠后,在小鼠右侧背部脊柱旁约1 cm处切开背部皮肤,分离暴露右肾,游离右侧近端输尿管,于靠近肾门处和输尿管下1/3水平分别以4-0丝线结扎并离断输尿管,缝合腹腔;(2)柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组小鼠在UUO造模成功后,分别以3.8、7.6 g/kg剂量柴黄益肾颗粒连续灌胃7 d。7 d后麻醉处死小鼠,取出手术侧肾组织,将1/4肾组织置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定,用于后期病理染色,剩余肾组织迅速置于-80 ℃冰箱中冻存,用于提取组织蛋白及RNA。
20只SD大鼠分为空白血清组与含药血清组,每组10只。含药血清组每天以3.8 g/kg柴黄益肾颗粒灌胃,空白血清组每天以等体积的生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d。大鼠于末次灌胃1 h后,戊巴比妥那麻醉,心脏取血后,于4 ℃条件下,3000 r/min离心15 min,分别得到柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清、空白血清,于56 ℃下灭活处理30 min,再用0.45 μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,置于-20 ℃保存备用。
pcDNA3.1-A33过表达质粒用Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Reagent按试剂说明书转染TCMK1细胞并过表达A33。以TCMK1作为正常组,TCMK1细胞用10 μg/ml TGF-β刺激24 h构建细胞纤维化模型(模型组),柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量含药血清组在此基础上分别加入10%、20%的含药血清,均干预24 h。利用A33过表达质粒在正常TCMK1细胞中过表达A33作为A33过表达组,在过表达的TCMK1细胞中加入含药血清作为A33过表达+含药血清组,培养于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞孵箱内。
HE染色:将小鼠肾组织取出后用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定48 h,经梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明后,石蜡包埋,并用切片机制备4 μm切片,常规行HE染色,镜下观察肾组织的病理改变。Masson染色:切片常规脱蜡至水,铁苏木精染色5 min后水洗,1%盐酸乙醇分色,0.5%氨水促黑2 min后水洗,丽春红染色8~10 min,磷钼酸分色1~5 min,加入甲苯胺蓝后水洗,1%冰醋酸1 min后脱水封片,显微镜下观察肾组织间质纤维化程度。天狼星红染色:切片常规脱腊至水,天狼星红染色液直接滴染1 h。流水稍冲洗后,去除表面染液,常规脱水透明,中性树脂封片。
采用Western blotting检测α-SMA、FN、Col-Ⅰ、GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白表达水平。取肾组织0.1 g置于裂解液中,并置于冰上碾碎,裂解20~30 min后12 000 r/min离心10 min取上清液,采用考马斯亮蓝测蛋白浓度法,检测蛋白浓度,并将每个样本蛋白浓度调整为10 μg/μl,然后加入7 μl蛋白样本至12% SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中电泳,转膜至NC膜后按1:1000的稀释比例分别加入多克隆抗体α-SMA、FN、Col-Ⅰ、GSK-3β、β-catenin,于4 ℃孵育过夜,然后加入山羊抗兔HRP偶联二抗常温孵育1 h。加入ECL显色,凝胶成像分析仪成像,结果以目标蛋白/内参照相对灰度值表示。
将小鼠肾组织取出后用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定48 h,经梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明后,石蜡包埋,并用切片机制备4 μm石蜡切片。经脱蜡至水、抗原修复、封闭后,滴加多克隆抗体GSK-3β(1:200稀释)、β-catenin(1:200稀释),4 ℃过夜,PBS洗3次,然后滴加辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗兔二抗,室温孵育15 min,DAB显色,苏木精复染,流水冲洗返蓝15 min,脱水透明后封片,镜下观察GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白的表达情况。
将TCMK1细胞按照每孔8×103个的密度接种到96孔板中,分别利用空白血清,体积分数为5%、10%、20%、25%、30%、35%的柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清处理TCMK1细胞24 h[设置为正常组(NC)及5%、10%、20%、25%、30%、35%含药血清组],每个浓度设置5个复孔,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8试剂后孵育2 h,利用酶标仪检测450 nm处的光密度(OD)值,OD值越大代表细胞活力越高。
取冻存肾组织,Trizol法提取肾组织中的总RNA,Nanodrop测定总RNA浓度。取1 μg总RNA,按照反转录试剂盒说明书反转录合成cDNA。以cDNA为模板,参照PCR试剂盒说明书用各检测基因引物构建PCR体系后进行PCR反应。RT-PCR反应条件:95 °C 30 s;95 °C 3~10 s、60 °C 10~30 s,40个循环。以GAPDH作为内参照,采用2-ΔΔCT法计算目标基因的相对表达量。具体引物序列见表1
采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
造模7 d取材后,HE染色、Masson染色及天狼星红染色结果均显示,对照组肾小球和管状结构正常;模型组肾脏严重损伤,可见肾小管扩张严重、肾小球变形破坏、肾间质增宽;而柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组小鼠肾脏结构损伤情况明显缓解,其中柴黄益肾颗粒高剂量组缓解效果较好(图1)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肾组织中α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ、FN的表达明显升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ、FN的蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.001),其中柴黄益肾颗粒低剂量组与高剂量组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图2A)。RT-PCR检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠α-SMACol-ⅠFN mRNA水平均明显升高(P<0.001);而与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组α-SMACol-ⅠFN mRNA水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.001),其中高剂量组降低更明显(图2B)。免疫组化检测结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肾组织中α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ、FN的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组小鼠肾组织中α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ、FN蛋白表达水平则明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),其中柴黄益肾颗粒高剂量组降低更明显(图3)。
CCK-8法检测结果显示,TCMK1细胞活力在含药血清浓度≥25%时明显下降(P<0.01),因此,后续实验筛选细胞含药血清终体积浓度梯度定为10%、20%。Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组细胞Col-Ⅰ、α-SMA、FN的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,低、高剂量含药血清组Col-Ⅰ、α-SMA、FN的蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.001),且下降程度与含药血清浓度呈正相关(图4)。
RT-PCR检测结果显示,与对照组或正常组比较,UUO小鼠模型组及柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组肾内A33表达水平明显升高,且TGF-β诱导的TCMK1细胞中模型组及低、高剂量含药血清组的A33表达水平也明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.001);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组和低、高剂量含药血清组A33表达水平均明显降低(P<0.01),且以高剂量组降低效果较佳(图5A)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.001);与模型组比较,低、高剂量含药血清组β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001)(图5B)。免疫组化检测结果显示,与对照组比较,UUO小鼠的肾组织中β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,柴黄益肾颗粒低、高剂量组小鼠肾组织中β-catenin、GSK-(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),且柴黄益肾颗粒高剂量组降低较明显(图5C)。
RT-PCR检测结果显示,与正常组比较,A33过表达组A33表达水平明显升高(P<0.001,图6A);Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常组比较,A33过表达组中FN、Col-Ⅰ、β-catenin、GSK-3β蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001,图6B)。随后,为了明确柴黄益肾颗粒是否通过调控A33发挥肾保护作用,本研究对A33过表达+含药血清组进行检测,Western blotting检测结果显示,与模型组比较,含药血清组FN、Col-Ⅰ、GSK-3β、β-catenin蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.001);与含药血清组相比,A33过表达+含药血清组FN、Clo-1、GSK-3β、β-catenin的表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)(图6C)。
柴黄益肾颗粒是基于“肝肾同源”理论,由北京中日友好医院研发,含黄芪、当归、穿山龙、柴胡、石韦、猪苓、水蛭7味中药构建的治疗CKD的中药复方颗粒。已有研究证实,柴黄益肾颗粒可改善糖尿病肾病大鼠的肝损伤[13],还可调节糖尿病肾病大鼠脂质组学代谢从而减轻肾损伤[14]。然而,柴黄益肾颗粒对肾纤维化的影响及其机制仍不清楚。
本研究观察了柴黄益肾颗粒对UUO小鼠的影响,结果显示柴黄益肾颗粒可改善UUO小鼠肾组织的病理变化,减少胶原沉积,并明显降低了纤维化相关因子FN、α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ的表达水平;在体外实验中,含药血清可抑制TCMK1细胞中纤维化相关因子的表达,且呈剂量依赖性。此外,本研究还显示,柴黄益肾颗粒可在UUO小鼠体内和TGF-β诱导的TCMK1细胞中抑制A33和Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的表达。
大量国内外研究发现,lncRNA与多器官纤维化相关,并参与器官纤维化的发生发展[15-17]。如lncRNA FABP5P3可缓解肾小管上皮细胞肾纤维化[18];lncRNA PVT1可阻断肾纤维化的进展[19]等;lncRNA广泛分布于细胞核及细胞质内,具有多种生物功能(如转录调控、诱导染色质重构和组蛋白修饰、调控mRNA剪切、改变蛋白细胞内定位等),但不具备编码蛋白质的功能[20]。本研究中的A33是本团队通过对小鼠肾脏组织全转录组测序发现的长度>200 nt的新lncRNA,前期已证实A33可通过调控轴抑制蛋白2(Axin2)来抑制AKI的发展[8]。但目前关于A33在UUO中的作用及其调控机制尚未见报道。本研究发现,在UUO小鼠体内及TGF-β诱导的TCMK1细胞内A33表达水平明显升高,而柴黄益肾颗粒处理后A33的表达水平明显降低,且纤维化相关因子FN、α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ的表达水平也明显降低,提示柴黄益肾颗粒可能通过抑制A33的表达来缓解纤维化的进程。
Wnt/β-catenin目前已被证实是UUO发生发展进程中的重要信号通路[21]。激活的Wnt/β-catenin信号可促进慢性炎症的发展进而导致脏器纤维化。有研究发现,高糖或TGF-β1可激活肾小管上皮细胞中的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,且Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活可能与多种肾脏疾病密切相关[22-23]。本研究发现,在UUO小鼠肾组织及TGF-β诱导的TCMK1细胞中Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的下游靶点GSK-3β、β-catenin表达水平明显升高;而在柴黄益肾颗粒处理后,GSK-3β、β-catenin的表达水平明显降低。随后,本研究构建了A33过表达质粒,在TCMK1细胞中高表达A33,结果发现GSK-3β、β-catenin的表达水平也明显升高;在A33高表达的细胞中同时给予柴黄益肾颗粒含药血清共同培育,GSK-3β、β-catenin的表达水平再次升高,提示柴黄益肾颗粒可能通过调控A33的表达来抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路的激活,从而抑制小鼠肾纤维化的发展。但体内过表达A33是否会出现与体外实验相同的结果,以及过表达A33后对小鼠肾结构和肾功能的影响,仍需进一步探讨。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,柴黄益肾颗粒能够缓解UUO小鼠的纤维化,其可能的机制是通过调控A33的表达,从而抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路来实现的,因此,柴黄益肾颗粒有望成为CKD治疗中的重要选择。其中,A33是UUO进程中的一种重要参与因子,有可能成为肾脏纤维化治疗的新靶点,但其是否在纤维化中发挥关键作用,仍有待进一步探索。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82274489)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81904174)
  • 四川省科技计划资助项目(2022YFS0621)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2512.2024.0511
  • 接收时间:2022-12-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-27
  • 录用日期:2024-01-02
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274489)
国家自然科学基金(82274489)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(81904174)
国家自然科学基金(81904174)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0621)
四川省科技计划资助项目(2022YFS0621)
作者信息
    1西南医科大学附属中医医院中西结合研究中心,四川泸州 646000
    2北京中日友好医院临床医学研究所,北京 100029
    3西南医科大学附属中医医院泌尿外科,四川泸州 646000
    4北京顺义区中医医院肾病科,北京 101320

通讯作者:

王丽,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2512.2024.0511
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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