Article(id=1198558269846421853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1050.2024.0329, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1692547200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1695744000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-09-27, onlineDate=1763688159667, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688159667, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688159667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688159667, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558265329152414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='7', pageStart='733', pageEnd='854', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688158589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689196450, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=796, endPage=803, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558270123245928, articleId=1198558269846421853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The role and mechanism of miR-34a/SIRT1 in intensive care unit acquired weakness, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-34a/SIRT1 in intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Methods (1) C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells were induced to differentiate into myotubes, and were divided into two groups: model group [ICU-AW group, treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 12 hours] and normal control group (treated with the same amount of sterile water for 12 hours). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of Muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1), atrophy gene 1 (Atrogin-1) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of microRNA-34a (miR-34a), MuRF-1, Atrogin-1 and SIRT1, and light microscope was used to observe the growth and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in each group. (2) ICU-AW cells were further subdivided into control group (treated with siRNA transfection agent intervention), Scra siRNA group (treated with transfection agent and non-specific siRNA), miR-34a siRNA group (treated with transfection agent and specific siRNA intervention), vehicle group (treated with agonist solvent dimethyl sulfoxide) and SRT1720 group (treated with SIRT1 agonist SRT1720). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of SIRT1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in each group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the miR-34a and the mRNA expression level of SIRT1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in each group. (3) In addition, another group of ICU-AW cells were divided into control group (treated with siRNA transfection), miR-34a siRNA group (treated with transfection agent and specific siRNA intervention), miR-34a siRNA+vehicle group (treated with transfection agent, specific siRNA and Dimethyl sulfoxide intervention) and miR-34a siRNA+EX-527 group (treated with transfection agent, specific siRNA and SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. Results Myotube differentiation was observed on the 4th day. Compared with control group, myotube atrophy was obvious in ICU-AW group. RT-qPCR and Western blotting results revealed that, compared with normal control group, in ICU-AW group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression level of miR-34a significantly increased (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 significantly decreased (P<0.05). RT-qPCR results showed that, compared with control group (treated with siRNA transfection agent intervention) and Scra siRNA group, the expression of miR-34a and mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA group significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of SIRT1 significantly increased (P<0.05), meanwhile the protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the protein expression of SIRT1 significantly increased (P<0.05). RT-qPCR results also showed that, compared with vehicle group, the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in SRT1720 group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while SIRT1 increased significantly (P<0.05). Western blotting results demonstrated that, compared with control group and Scra siRNA group, the protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while SIRT1 increased significantly (P<0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blotting results indicated that, compared with miR-34a siRNA+vehicle group, the mRNA and protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA+EX-527 group increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Overactivation of miR-34a in ICU-AW contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting the expression of SIRT1, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ICU-AW.

, correspAuthors=Jian Feng, Fu-Xiang Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Li Fu-Xiang, E-mail:
Feng Jian, E-mail:
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目的 探讨miR-34a/SIRT1在重症监护病房获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)中的作用及其机制。方法 (1)诱导C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞分化成肌管,并分为ICU-AW模型组[ICU-AW组,用脂多糖(LPS)干预12 h]与正常对照组(等量无菌水干预12 h)。采用Western blotting检测两组肌肉环指蛋白1(MuRF-1)、萎缩相关基因1(Atrogin-1)蛋白、沉默调节蛋白1(SIRT1)表达水平,RT-qPCR检测两组微小核糖核酸-34a(miR-34a)及MuRF-1Atrogin-1SIRT1 mRNA的表达水平,并在光镜下观察两组小鼠C2C12骨骼肌细胞生长及分化情况。(2)将ICU-AW细胞分为对照组(siRNA的转染剂干预)、Scra siRNA组(转染剂和非特异性siRNA干预)、miR-34a siRNA组(miR-34a siRNA转染剂和特异性siRNA干预)、Vehicle组(SIRT1激动剂的溶剂二甲基亚砜干预)及SRT1720组(SIRT1激动剂SRT1720干预)。采用Western blotting检测各组SIRT1、Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白表达水平,RT-qPCR检测各组miR-34a及MuRF-1Atrogin-1SIRT1 mRNA表达水平。(3)将ICU-AW细胞分为对照组(miR-34a siRNA的转染剂干预)、miR-34a siRNA组(转染剂和特异性siRNA干预)、miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组(转染剂、特异性siRNA和二甲基亚砜干预)及miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组(转染剂、特异性siRNA和SIRT1抑制剂EX-527干预),采用Western blotting检测并比较各组Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白表达水平,RT-qPCR检测并比较各组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA表达水平。结果 光镜下可见第4天C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞肌管分化形成,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组肌管明显萎缩。RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),miR-34a相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001),SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组(转染剂干预)比较,miR-34a siRNA组的miR-34a及Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.001),SIRT1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与Vehicle组比较,SRT1720组SIRT1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),而Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与miR-34a siRNA组比较,Scra siRNA组miR-34a及Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001),而SIRT1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组比较,miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 ICU-AW状态下miR-34a过度激活,通过抑制SIRT1的表达导致骨骼肌萎缩,可能在ICU-AW发病过程中起重要作用。

, correspAuthors=冯健, 李福祥, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李福祥,E-mail:
冯健,E-mail:
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林正霄,医学硕士,主要从事重症获得性衰弱方面的研究

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林正霄,医学硕士,主要从事重症获得性衰弱方面的研究

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林正霄,医学硕士,主要从事重症获得性衰弱方面的研究

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LPS. 脂多糖;ICU-AW组. 重症监护病房获得性衰弱组;MuRF-1. 肌肉环指蛋白1;Atrogin-1. 萎缩相关基因1蛋白;A. 骨骼肌肌管形成及干预后形态;B. 两组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA相对表达水平比较;C. 两组Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白相对表达水平比较;*P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=654OnM+N90yn7473YezYQQ==, figureFileBig=lddeTFEN7ZW1ZGKDk+4puQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374272209447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Expression of atrophy markers in C2C12 skeletal cells after miR-34a inhibitor intervention, figureFileSmall=hFZgNfXZpa5WnOSU5BVyFA==, figureFileBig=9UOEV4OK4oe/iuf13hfdeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374368678442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=CN, label=图2, caption=miR-34a抑制剂干预后C2C12骨骼肌细胞中萎缩标志物表达情况

ICU-AW组. 重症监护病房获得性衰弱组;对照组. LPS及转染剂干预;Scra siRNA组. LPS、转染剂及非特异性siRNA干预;miR-34a siRNA组. LPS、转染剂及特异性siRNA干预;MuRF-1. 肌肉环指蛋白1;Atrogin-1. 萎缩相关基因1蛋白;A. 两组miR-34a mRNA相对表达水平比较;B. 三组miR-34a mRNA相对表达量比较;C. 三组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA相对表达量比较;D. 三组Atrogin-1、与MuRF-1 蛋白相对表达水平比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=hFZgNfXZpa5WnOSU5BVyFA==, figureFileBig=9UOEV4OK4oe/iuf13hfdeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374486118960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Expression of atrophy markers in C2C12 skeletal cells after intervention with SIRT1 agonist, figureFileSmall=o9OCuF8yBtDykMrOsFY1tw==, figureFileBig=TICEJZhZZYqnCVeJJaIP5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374645502518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SIRT1激动剂干预后C2C12骨骼肌细胞中萎缩标志物表达情况

ICU-AW组. 重症监护病房获得性衰弱组;Vehicle组. LPS及DMSO干预;SRT1720组. LPS及SRT1720干预;MuRF-1. 肌肉环指蛋白1;Atrogin-1. 萎缩相关基因蛋白;SIRT1. 沉默调节蛋白1;A. 两组SIRT1 mRNA相对表达水平比较;B. 两组SIRT1蛋白相对表达水平比较;C. 两组SIRT1Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA相对表达水平比较;D. 两组SIRT1、Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白相对表达水平比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=o9OCuF8yBtDykMrOsFY1tw==, figureFileBig=TICEJZhZZYqnCVeJJaIP5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374775525947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Expression of atrophy markers in C2C12 skeletal cells after co-intervention of miR-34a inhibitor and SIRT1 inhibitor, figureFileSmall=Jrq6hMdtNq1+f3btBTv+yQ==, figureFileBig=RFFMHd1JJtBkqpPDssnw5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374884577856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=CN, label=图4, caption=miR-34a抑制剂与SIRT1抑制剂共同干预后C2C12骨骼肌细胞中萎缩标志物的表达情况

MuRF-1. 肌肉环指蛋白1;Atrogin-1. 萎缩相关基因1蛋白;SIRT1. 沉默调节蛋白1;对照组. LPS及转染剂干预;Scra siRNA组. LPS、转染剂及非特异性siRNA干预;miR-34a siRNA组. LPS、转染剂及特异性siRNA干预;miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组. LPS、转染剂、特异性siRNA及DMSO干预;miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组. LPS、转染剂、特异性siRNA及EX-527干预;A. RT-qPCR检测三组SIRT1 mRNA相对表达水平比较;B. Western blotting检测三组SIRT1蛋白相对表达量比较;C. RT-qPCR检测四组萎缩标志物Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA相对表达水平比较;D. Western blotting检测四组萎缩标志物Atrogin-1及MuRF-1蛋白相对表达水平比较;*P<0.05,**P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=Jrq6hMdtNq1+f3btBTv+yQ==, figureFileBig=RFFMHd1JJtBkqpPDssnw5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375002018371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences of target gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
SIRT1正义:GCTGACGACTTCGACGACG
反义:TCGGTCAACAGGAGGTTGTCT
U6正义:CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA
反义:AACGCTTCATGAATTTGCGT
miR-34a正义:GGCAGTGTCTTAGCTGGTTG
反义:AAGAGCTTCCGAAGT CCTGG
miR-34a Antagomir正义:ACAACCAGCUAAGACACUGCCA
miR-34a Antagomir N.C正义:CAGUACUUUUGUGUAGUACAA
Atrogin-1正义:CAGCTTCGTGAGCGACCTC
反义:GGCAGTCGAGAAGTCCAGTC
MuRF-1正义:GTGTGAGGTGCCTACTTGCTC
反义:GCTCAGTCTTCTGTCCTTGGA
GAPDH正义:AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG
反义:TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA
), ArticleFig(id=1198589375140430408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269846421853, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

目的基因的引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物序列(5'-3')
SIRT1正义:GCTGACGACTTCGACGACG
反义:TCGGTCAACAGGAGGTTGTCT
U6正义:CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA
反义:AACGCTTCATGAATTTGCGT
miR-34a正义:GGCAGTGTCTTAGCTGGTTG
反义:AAGAGCTTCCGAAGT CCTGG
miR-34a Antagomir正义:ACAACCAGCUAAGACACUGCCA
miR-34a Antagomir N.C正义:CAGUACUUUUGUGUAGUACAA
Atrogin-1正义:CAGCTTCGTGAGCGACCTC
反义:GGCAGTCGAGAAGTCCAGTC
MuRF-1正义:GTGTGAGGTGCCTACTTGCTC
反义:GCTCAGTCTTCTGTCCTTGGA
GAPDH正义:AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG
反义:TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA
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miR-34a/SIRT1在重症监护病房获得性衰弱中的作用及其机制
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林正霄 1, 2 , 徐朝霞 3 , 陈娟 2 , 胡健 2 , 祝国芸 2 , 朱忠立 2 , 冯健 2, * , 李福祥 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(7): 796-803
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(7): 796-803
miR-34a/SIRT1在重症监护病房获得性衰弱中的作用及其机制
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林正霄1, 2, 徐朝霞3, 陈娟2, 胡健2, 祝国芸2, 朱忠立2, 冯健2, * , 李福祥1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 611756
  • 2西部战区总医院重症医学科,四川成都 610083
  • 3西部战区总医院急诊医学科,四川成都 610083
  • 林正霄,医学硕士,主要从事重症获得性衰弱方面的研究

通讯作者:

李福祥,E-mail:
冯健,E-mail:
The role and mechanism of miR-34a/SIRT1 in intensive care unit acquired weakness
Zheng-Xiao Lin1, 2, Zhao-Xia Xu3, Juan Chen2, Jian Hu2, Guo-Yun Zhu2, Zhong-Li Zhu2, Jian Feng2, * , Fu-Xiang Li1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
  • 2Department of Intensive Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
  • 3Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1050.2024.0329
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目的 探讨miR-34a/SIRT1在重症监护病房获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)中的作用及其机制。方法 (1)诱导C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞分化成肌管,并分为ICU-AW模型组[ICU-AW组,用脂多糖(LPS)干预12 h]与正常对照组(等量无菌水干预12 h)。采用Western blotting检测两组肌肉环指蛋白1(MuRF-1)、萎缩相关基因1(Atrogin-1)蛋白、沉默调节蛋白1(SIRT1)表达水平,RT-qPCR检测两组微小核糖核酸-34a(miR-34a)及MuRF-1Atrogin-1SIRT1 mRNA的表达水平,并在光镜下观察两组小鼠C2C12骨骼肌细胞生长及分化情况。(2)将ICU-AW细胞分为对照组(siRNA的转染剂干预)、Scra siRNA组(转染剂和非特异性siRNA干预)、miR-34a siRNA组(miR-34a siRNA转染剂和特异性siRNA干预)、Vehicle组(SIRT1激动剂的溶剂二甲基亚砜干预)及SRT1720组(SIRT1激动剂SRT1720干预)。采用Western blotting检测各组SIRT1、Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白表达水平,RT-qPCR检测各组miR-34a及MuRF-1Atrogin-1SIRT1 mRNA表达水平。(3)将ICU-AW细胞分为对照组(miR-34a siRNA的转染剂干预)、miR-34a siRNA组(转染剂和特异性siRNA干预)、miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组(转染剂、特异性siRNA和二甲基亚砜干预)及miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组(转染剂、特异性siRNA和SIRT1抑制剂EX-527干预),采用Western blotting检测并比较各组Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白表达水平,RT-qPCR检测并比较各组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA表达水平。结果 光镜下可见第4天C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞肌管分化形成,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组肌管明显萎缩。RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),miR-34a相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001),SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与对照组(转染剂干预)比较,miR-34a siRNA组的miR-34a及Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.001),SIRT1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与Vehicle组比较,SRT1720组SIRT1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),而Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与miR-34a siRNA组比较,Scra siRNA组miR-34a及Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001),而SIRT1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组比较,miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 ICU-AW状态下miR-34a过度激活,通过抑制SIRT1的表达导致骨骼肌萎缩,可能在ICU-AW发病过程中起重要作用。

重症监护病房获得性衰弱  /  骨骼肌萎缩  /  miR-34a  /  沉默调节蛋白1  /  萎缩相关基因1  /  肌肉环指蛋白1

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-34a/SIRT1 in intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Methods (1) C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells were induced to differentiate into myotubes, and were divided into two groups: model group [ICU-AW group, treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 12 hours] and normal control group (treated with the same amount of sterile water for 12 hours). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of Muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1), atrophy gene 1 (Atrogin-1) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of microRNA-34a (miR-34a), MuRF-1, Atrogin-1 and SIRT1, and light microscope was used to observe the growth and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in each group. (2) ICU-AW cells were further subdivided into control group (treated with siRNA transfection agent intervention), Scra siRNA group (treated with transfection agent and non-specific siRNA), miR-34a siRNA group (treated with transfection agent and specific siRNA intervention), vehicle group (treated with agonist solvent dimethyl sulfoxide) and SRT1720 group (treated with SIRT1 agonist SRT1720). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of SIRT1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in each group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the miR-34a and the mRNA expression level of SIRT1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in each group. (3) In addition, another group of ICU-AW cells were divided into control group (treated with siRNA transfection), miR-34a siRNA group (treated with transfection agent and specific siRNA intervention), miR-34a siRNA+vehicle group (treated with transfection agent, specific siRNA and Dimethyl sulfoxide intervention) and miR-34a siRNA+EX-527 group (treated with transfection agent, specific siRNA and SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. Results Myotube differentiation was observed on the 4th day. Compared with control group, myotube atrophy was obvious in ICU-AW group. RT-qPCR and Western blotting results revealed that, compared with normal control group, in ICU-AW group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression level of miR-34a significantly increased (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 significantly decreased (P<0.05). RT-qPCR results showed that, compared with control group (treated with siRNA transfection agent intervention) and Scra siRNA group, the expression of miR-34a and mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA group significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of SIRT1 significantly increased (P<0.05), meanwhile the protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the protein expression of SIRT1 significantly increased (P<0.05). RT-qPCR results also showed that, compared with vehicle group, the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in SRT1720 group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while SIRT1 increased significantly (P<0.05). Western blotting results demonstrated that, compared with control group and Scra siRNA group, the protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while SIRT1 increased significantly (P<0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blotting results indicated that, compared with miR-34a siRNA+vehicle group, the mRNA and protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA+EX-527 group increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Overactivation of miR-34a in ICU-AW contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting the expression of SIRT1, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ICU-AW.

intensive care unit acquired weakness  /  muscular atrophy  /  miR-34a  /  Sirtuin-1  /  atrophy gene 1  /  muscle ring finger 1
林正霄, 徐朝霞, 陈娟, 胡健, 祝国芸, 朱忠立, 冯健, 李福祥. miR-34a/SIRT1在重症监护病房获得性衰弱中的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (7) : 796 -803 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1050.2024.0329
Zheng-Xiao Lin, Zhao-Xia Xu, Juan Chen, Jian Hu, Guo-Yun Zhu, Zhong-Li Zhu, Jian Feng, Fu-Xiang Li. The role and mechanism of miR-34a/SIRT1 in intensive care unit acquired weakness[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (7) : 796 -803 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1050.2024.0329
重症监护病房获得性衰弱(intensive care unit acquired weakness,ICU-AW)是危重症患者在疾病进程中出现的以神经肌肉功能障碍为病理基础、全身疲乏无力为临床表现的综合征,好发于机械通气、急性呼吸窘迫、严重脓毒血症等患者[1-2]。ICU-AW可增高危重症患者疾病中后期病死率及致残率,延长住院时间,增加住院费用等[3]。流行病学数据显示,患者重症监护病房(ICU)内ICU-AW发生率为30%~50%[3],院内病死率为17%,出院6个月后病死率为31%,远高于非ICU-AW患者[4],且ICU-AW发生率呈逐年上升趋势[5]。ICU-AW给患者家庭和社会造成了沉重的负担,已成为亟需解决的医学难题。骨骼肌萎缩是ICU-AW的重要组成部分,其萎缩程度与病情严重程度相关[6]。目前认为,骨骼肌蛋白泛素化降解代谢是ICU-AW发生的重要机制,而泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitin proteasome system,UPS)在泛素化降解代谢中起着重要作用。目前普遍认同肌肉环指蛋白1(muscle ring finger 1,MuRF-1)及萎缩相关基因1(atrophy gene 1,Atrogin-1)是重要的UPS因子[7],但其如何调控尚不完全清楚[8-9]。miR-34a为新近发现且备受关注的微小RNA(microRNA,miR)之一,是一种在基因转录调控中具有重要作用的小分子RNA。最新研究发现,miR-34a能够通过调控下游分子沉默调节蛋白1(Sirtuin-1,SIRT1)参与血管平滑肌衰老及钙化[10],而SIRT1可调节核因子-κB(NF-κB)、叉头转录因子1/叉头转录因子3(FoxO1/FoxO3)介导的特异性泛素连接酶Atrogin-1及MuRF-1的表达,从而在骨骼肌代谢中发挥重要作用[11-12],但miR-34a/SIRT1信号通路能否通过调控骨骼肌蛋白泛素化降解参与ICU-AW发病过程鲜有报道。因此,深入研究miR-34a/SIRT1在ICU-AW中的作用及其调控机制,对防治ICU-AW具有重要意义。本研究通过构建ICU-AW小鼠骨骼肌细胞模型,探讨miR-34a/SIRT1信号通路在其中的作用及机制,旨在为ICU-AW的防治提供新的干预靶点。
DMEM(高糖)培养基、胎牛血清(FBS)、马血清、青霉素-链霉素溶液及磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)购自美国HyClone公司;细胞培养瓶购自美国Corning公司;脂多糖(LPS)购自美国Sigma公司;RIPA裂解液及BCA蛋白定量试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术研究所;GAPDH一抗购自美国Abcam公司;辣根过氧化物酶标记二抗购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司;实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)试剂盒购自美国Invitrogen公司;总RNA提取试剂盒购自北京天根生化科技有限公司;PCR引物购自上海生工生物工程股份有限公司;Lipofectamine 2000转染试剂购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;miR-34a拮抗剂序列、阴性对照序列购自上海吉玛制药技术有限公司;SIRT1激动剂(SRT1720)、SIRT1抑制剂(EX-527)购自上海皓元生物医药科技有限公司;二甲基亚砜(DMSO)购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;倒置光学显微镜购自日本Nikon公司。
C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞购自美国ATCC细胞库,于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养基中,置于37 ℃、含5% CO2的湿化培养箱中培养,直至细胞融合度达80%~90%。更换含有2%马血清的DMEM分化培养基,每天换液1次,直至第4天肌管形成[13],利用倒置光学显微镜观察骨骼肌细胞。
肌管形成后,使用1 μg/ml LPS干预并继续培养细胞12 h,构建ICU-AW细胞模型[14-15],并设置为ICU-AW模型组(ICU-AW组)。以等量无菌水干预则设置为正常对照组。
为了明确miR-34a及SIRT1在ICU-AW中的作用,将ICU-AW组细胞分为对照组、Scra siRNA组、miR-34a siRNA组、Vehicle组及SRT1720组。对照组采用miR-34a siRNA的转染剂干预;Scra siRNA组采用转染剂及非特异性siRNA干预;miR-34a siRNA组采用转染剂及特异性siRNA干预;Vehicle组采用含SIRT1激动剂的溶剂DMSO干预6 h;SRT1720组将SIRT1激动剂SRT1720用DMSO配置成5 mg/ml溶液,按5 μmol/ml培养基浓度干预6 h。
为了明确miR-34a在ICU-AW中的作用是否依赖于SIRT1,将ICU-AW组细胞进一步分为对照组、miR-34a siRNA组、miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组及miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组,对照组采用miR-34a siRNA的转染剂干预;miR-34a siRNA组采用转染剂及特异性siRNA干预;miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组采用转染剂、特异性siRNA及DMSO干预;miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组采用转染剂、特异性siRNA干预及SIRT1抑制剂EX-527干预,SIRT1抑制剂使用DMSO配置成5 mg/ml溶液,按照5 μmol/ml培养基浓度干预6 h。
miR-34a siRNA组使用50 μl DMEM无血清培养基加入20 pmol miR-34a siRNA(miR-34a Antagomir);Scra siRNA组使用50 μl DMEM无血清培养基加入等量miR-34a拮抗剂阴性序列(miR-34a Antagomir N.C);对照组加入等量无菌水。使用50 μl DMEM无血清培养基稀释1 μl脂质体(lipofectamin)试剂以配置lipofectamin配制液,并室温放置5 min。分别将miR-34a Antagomir配置液/miR-34a Antagomir N.C配置液/无菌水与lipofectamin配制液混匀并放置20 min,加入24孔板孔中,轻柔摇晃培养板。将细胞在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中温育6 h后,换成完全培养基培养48 h后收集细胞。
用Trizol试剂提取细胞总RNA,并测定总RNA浓度。取0.8 μg总RNA,反转录成cDNA,按照反转录试剂盒说明书步骤操作。采用SYBR Green染料法进行RT-qPCR,总反应体积为20 μl。反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min,95 ℃变性30 s、60 ℃退火30 s、72 ℃延伸30 s,共进行40次循环。设置3个复孔,实验重复3次。以GAPDH为内参照,引物序列见表1。采用2-ΔΔCt法确定目的基因mRNA相对表达量。
收取处理后的细胞,加入RIPA裂解液100 μl,提取总蛋白后进行定量,取40 μg蛋白加入5×上样缓冲液,100 ℃变性15 min后上样。浓缩胶80 V,分离胶120 V,SDS-PAGE电泳后300 mA转膜,5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,加入一抗后于4 ℃孵育16 h,TBST洗10 min×3次,加入由TBST稀释的HRP标记的二抗后孵育1 h,TBST洗10 min×3次,加入ECL液A及B,暗室中曝光,拍照分析。实验独立重复3次。
采用SPSS 22.0及GraphPad Prism 8.0.0软件进行统计分析。所有数据均为计量资料,并行方差齐性检测,若满足正态分布且方差齐时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验;不满足正态分布者以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
光镜下观察显示,C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞分化4 d后可见肌管形成;与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组肌管明显萎缩(图1A)。RT-qPCR检测结果显示,ICU-AW组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA相对表达水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05,图1B);Western blotting检测结果显示,ICU-AW组Atrogin-1、MuRF-1蛋白相对表达水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05,图1C)。
RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组miR-34a相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.001,图2A);与对照组比较,miR-34a siRNA组miR-34a相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.001),与miR-34a siRNA组比较,Scra siRNA组miR-34a表达水平明显升高(P<0.001,图2B)。RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,miR-34a siRNA组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与miR-34a siRNA组比较,Scra siRNA组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01,图2C、D)。
RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.01,图3A、B);与Vehicle组比较,SRT1720组SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,图3C、D)。
肌萎缩标志物的表达情况RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,miR-34a siRNA组SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),而Scra siRNA组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与miR-34a siRNA组比较,Scra siRNA组SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01,图4A、B)。与对照组比较,miR-34a siRNA组、miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组、miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05);与miR-34a siRNA组比较,miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与miR-34a siRNA+Vehicle组比较,miR-34a siRNA+EX-527组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图4C、D)。
ICU-AW主要分为危重病性多发性神经病(critical illness polyneuropathy,CIP)、危重病性肌病(critical illness myopathy,CIM)及危重病性多神经肌病(critical illness polyneuromyopathy,CIPMN)[16],其中以骨骼肌萎缩为主要表现的CIM在ICU-AW中占绝大部分[5,17]。脓毒症、脓毒性休克、严重创伤、烧伤等危重症疾病可诱发全身炎症反应及多器官损伤,进而导致蛋白质分解增强,出现负氮平衡(危重症疾病中支链氨基酸非营养代谢作用),可能是导致危重症患者骨骼肌萎缩的重要机制。但目前ICU-AW状态下骨骼肌蛋白分解过度激活的机制及调控靶点尚不完全清楚。
目前普遍认为,肌肉蛋白质的降解主要依赖于UPS、自噬-溶酶体途径(autophagy-lysosomal pathway,ALP)、胱天蛋白酶(caspases)及钙蛋白酶系统(calpains)[18]等蛋白水解酶系统的高度调节。而UPS是介导危重患者肌肉降解的主要蛋白水解系统[9],其中两个关键的E3泛素连接酶MuRF-1及Atrogin-1是肌肉萎缩最重要的标志物[19]。另有研究发现,在脓毒症状态下,NF-κB的表达增加,从而激活UPS,进一步加速骨骼肌蛋白水解[20]。而靶向敲除NF-κB的内源性抑制因子即核因子-κB抑制剂(inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB,IκB)的蛋白激酶2(IκB kinase 2,IKK2),可降低NF-κB的抑制作用,改变肌纤维分布,增强肌肉力量[21]。细胞模型具有成本低、周期短、可重复性强及便于精细控制等优点,因而成为研究某一疾病发病机制的重要手段之一。目前对脓毒症相关性ICU获得性衰弱的研究中,LPS诱导的骨骼肌损伤细胞模型是较为理想及广泛应用的细胞模型之一。本研究利用含10% PBS的DMEM高糖培养基及含有2%马血清的DMEM分化培养基将C2C12小鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞分化培养,4 d后可见肌管形成。进一步利用LPS构建ICU-AW细胞模型,发现ICU-AW组肌管较正常对照组明显萎缩,且ICU-AW组Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白表达均高于正常对照组,提示ICU-AW细胞模型构建成功,与Fang等[14]的研究结果一致,为后续实验奠定了基础。
miRNA是一类在转录后基因调控中起重要作用的小分子RNA,因其广泛参与急性肾损伤[22]、冠状病毒感染[23]、癌症[24]等多种危重疾病的发病过程而成为近年来的研究热点[25]。miR-34a为新近发现且备受关注的miRNA之一,有研究发现其在血管平滑肌中能够抑制平滑肌增殖,促进平滑肌细胞的衰老及钙化[10]。在脓毒症小鼠中,miR-34a通过介导心肌细胞死亡及心肌纤维化过程参与脓毒症的心功能调控[26];在衰老的骨骼肌中,miR-34a的表达明显增高,可诱导肌肉萎缩、加剧肌质疏松[27]。不仅如此,在盲肠结扎穿孔(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)模型诱导的脓毒症小鼠中,下调miR-34a对小鼠炎症反应及肺损伤有明显抑制作用[28]。上述研究提示,miR-34a与骨骼肌代谢及脓毒症发病过程密切相关,但其在脓毒症相关性ICU-AW中的作用及机制尚无报道。为了明确miR-34a在ICU-AW中的作用,本研究利用RT-qPCR及Western blotting检测了正常对照组与ICU-AW组的miR-34a的表达,发现ICU-AW组miR-34a表达明显升高,提示其可能参与了ICU-AW发病过程。本研究进一步通过细胞转染技术抑制ICU-AW组miR-34a的表达,结果发现,与对照组及Scra siRNA组比较,miR-34a siRNA组骨骼肌萎缩标志物Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显降低,提示miR-34a可能参与了ICU-AW的发病过程,但其如何调控Atrogin-1、MuRF-1的表达仍需进一步研究。
Sirtuins是依赖于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的脱乙酰化酶及ADP核糖基转移酶的保守家族,其位于细胞核及细胞质中,可通过底物的脱乙酰化作用在细胞凋亡、自噬、衰老、增殖等多种代谢过程中发挥重要作用[29]。SIRT1是该家族中研究最为充分的一员,可通过去乙酰化NF-κB的RelA/p65亚基阻断FoxO1/FoxO3的激活[11],进而调控Atrogin-1及MuRF-1的表达,最终减少肌肉损耗、促进肌肉再生、抑制骨骼肌萎缩[12]。另有研究发现,SIRT1也可作为miR-34a的靶标之一,在平滑肌细胞衰老及钙化[10]、肿瘤的发生[30]、大鼠肝纤维化[31]、间充质干细胞(MSCs)衰老[32]中发挥重要作用,以上研究提示miR-34a可介导SIRT1对Atrogin-1及MuRF-1的调控过程,从而参与多种疾病过程,且与骨骼肌功能密切相关,但这一信号通路在ICU-AW中的作用尚无报道。本研究发现,与正常对照组比较,ICU-AW组SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显降低,提示SIRT1表达受抑制可能参与了ICU-AW的发病过程。为证实这一推测,本研究利用SIRT1激动剂SRT1720进行了验证;结果显示,与Vehicle组比较,SRT1720组SIRT1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高,而Atrogin-1MuRF-1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低,提示激活SIRT1对骨骼肌具有保护作用。本研究进一步对ICU-AW组在siRNA转染抑制miR-34a的基础上给予SIRT1抑制剂EX-527干预,结果发现EX-527能够逆转siRNA转染抑制miR-34a的保护作用,提示ICU-AW状态下miR-34a存在过度激活,并通过抑制SIRT1的表达调控E3泛素连接酶MuRF-1及Atrogin-1的表达,最终导致骨骼肌萎缩。
综上所述,ICU-AW状态下miR-34a过度激活,并通过抑制SIRT1的表达导致骨骼肌萎缩,可能在ICU-AW发病过程中发挥重要作用。本研究的不足之处在于均为骨骼肌细胞层面的研究,结论缺乏动物实验的验证,能否作为ICU-AW患者治疗的潜在干预靶点仍需深入研究。因此,笔者下一步将通过腹腔注射LPS构建ICU-AW小鼠模型,并对其中miR-34a/SIRT1的作用及其下游机制进行深入探讨。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1050.2024.0329
  • 接收时间:2023-08-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-21
  • 录用日期:2023-09-27
基金
Scientific Research Project of Cadre Health Care in Sichuan Province(2022-1303)()
四川省干部保健科研课题(川干研2022-1303)()
Military Medical Research Project of General Hospital of Western Theater Comm(2019LH05)
西部战区总医院军事医学科研项目(2019LH05)
作者信息
    1西南交通大学医学院,四川成都 611756
    2西部战区总医院重症医学科,四川成都 610083
    3西部战区总医院急诊医学科,四川成都 610083

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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