Article(id=1198558269552820554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1335.2024.0408, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696867200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1702656000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-16, onlineDate=1763688159596, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688159596, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688159596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688159596, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558265329152414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='7', pageStart='733', pageEnd='854', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688158589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689196450, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=832, endPage=840, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558269812867417, articleId=1198558269552820554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Role and mechanism of WDR82 in the genesis and development of glioma, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of WD repeat domain 82 (WDR82) protein in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Methods We analyzed the expression level of WDR82 in glioma tissues using GEPIA and UALCAN databases and further assessed WDR82 protein expression in glioma and adjacent normal tissues through immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between WDR82 expression and the prognosis of glioma patient was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Experiments were conducted on A172 and U251 cell lines, which were categorized into four groups: control group (transfected with 3 μg pcDNA3), shR-control group (transfected with 3 μg pSilencer 2.1-U6), pWDR82 group (transfected with 3 μg pWDR82), and shR-WDR82 group (transfected with 3 μg shR-WDR82). Post-transfection, we confirmed transfection efficiency at 48 hours using qRT-PCR and measured cell viability at the same time point with CCK-8 assay. Clone formation assay was employed to assess cell proliferation capacity after 14 days of transfection, while flow cytometry was utilized to analyze cell apoptosis after 48 hours of transfection. Additionally, Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of proteins related to proliferation and Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after 48 hours of transfection. Finally, the effect of WDR82 on tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice was investigated using tumor carrying experiment in vivo. Results Analysis of WDR82 expression in glioma tissues using GEPIA and UALCAN databases, along with immunohistochemical staining, revealed significantly higher expression levels compared to normal and paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). Additionally, WDR82 expression was not associated with gender or age of patients (P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis indicated that elevated WDR82 expression correlated with a poor prognosis in glioma patients (log-rank P=0.029). Overexpression of WDR82 notably enhanced the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of A172 and U251 cells, and also significantly upregulated the expression of MKI67, BCL2, CCND1, p-Akt and p-mTOR in A172 and U251 cells (P<0.05). Conversely, WDR82 knockdown had the opposite effects, inhibiting cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis and downregulating the expression of MKI67, BCL2, CCND1, p-Akt and p-mTOR (P<0.05). WDR82 knockdown in U251 cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice (P<0.05). Conclusion High expression of WDR82 promotes the proliferation of glioma cells and the growth of tumors in vivo by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Zhen Yang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨WD重复结构域82(WDR82)蛋白在神经胶质瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制。方法 利用GEPIA和UALCAN数据库分析WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织中的表达情况;采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析WDR82表达与神经胶质瘤患者预后的关系。采用组织芯片进行免疫组织化学染色检测WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织及其癌旁组织中的表达情况。取人胶质瘤A172和U251细胞,设置对照组(转染3 μg pcDNA3)、pWDR82组(转染3 μg pWDR82)、shR-Con组(转染3 μg pSilencer 2.1-U6)、shR-WDR82组(转染3 μg shR-WDR82)。转染48 h后,采用qRT-PCR验证各组转染效率;CCK-8法检测转染48 h的细胞活性,克隆形成实验检测转染后14 d的细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测转染48 h的细胞凋亡情况;Western blotting检测转染48 h细胞中增殖相关蛋白及Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的表达。采用体内荷瘤实验检测WDR82对NOD-SCID小鼠肿瘤生长的影响。结果 GEPIA和UALCAN数据库分析及免疫组织化学染色结果显示,WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),其表达在不同性别及年龄段患者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,高表达WDR82的神经胶质瘤患者的预后不良(log-rank P=0.029)。过表达WDR82可明显促进A172和U251细胞的增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,明显增高A172和U251细胞中MKI67、BCL2、CCND1、p-Akt和p-mTOR的表达(P<0.05)。反之,敲降WDR82则抑制A172和U251细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡,降低MKI67、BCL2、CCND1、p-Akt和p-mTOR的表达(P<0.05)。敲降U251细胞中的WDR82,可明显抑制荷瘤NOD-SCID小鼠肿瘤的生长(P<0.05)。结论 高表达WDR82可能通过调控Akt/mTOR信号通路促进神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖及体内肿瘤的生长。

, correspAuthors=杨臻, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨臻,E-mail:
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高云,技师,主要研究方向为脑恶性肿瘤的机制研究

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高云,技师,主要研究方向为脑恶性肿瘤的机制研究

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Nat Rev Cancer, 2009, 9(8): 550-562., articleTitle=Targeting PI3K signalling in cancer: opportunities, challenges and limitations, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198589370262454655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589370270843264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, companyId=1198589370262454655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589370275037568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, companyId=1198589370262454655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1空军军医大学第一附属医院神经外科,陕西西安 710032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198589370358923653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589370363117957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, companyId=1198589370358923653, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300321, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589370384089480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, companyId=1198589370358923653, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南开大学/天津市人民医院检验学部,天津 300321)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198589374398038573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=WDR82 is up-regulated in GBM tumor tissues, figureFileSmall=Gn6jnqZEWcE7arq97DE1jA==, figureFileBig=VnTZ2jXUeXztD/w6K+COZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374494507571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=CN, label=图1, caption=WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织中表达上调

WDR82. WD重复结构域82基因;A. UALCAN数据库分析正常组织和神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82蛋白相对表达水平;B. GEPIA数据库分析正常组织和神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82 mRNA相对表达水平;C. UALCAN数据库分析正常组织和男性、女性神经胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织中WDR82蛋白相对表达水平;D. UALCAN数据库分析正常组织和20~40岁、41~60岁、61~80岁神经胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织中WDR82蛋白相对表达水平;E. 免疫组织化学染色检测WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织(n=57)和正常或癌旁组织(n=4)中的表达情况;F. Kaplan-Meier生存分析WDR82表达与神经胶质瘤患者预后的关系;**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=Gn6jnqZEWcE7arq97DE1jA==, figureFileBig=VnTZ2jXUeXztD/w6K+COZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374666474040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of the overexpression or knockdown of WDR82 on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells, figureFileSmall=pxW7QSJpsm+RzdD00/5Cww==, figureFileBig=xIZawwMfd661KQ/ngJq6ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374767137338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=CN, label=图2, caption=过表达或敲降WDR82对神经胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

WDR82. WD重复结构域82基因;A. qPCR检测过表达或敲降WDR82质粒的有效性;B. CCK-8法检测过表达或敲降WDR82对A172和U251细胞活性的影响;C. 克隆形成实验检测过表达或敲降WDR82对A172和U251细胞增殖能力的影响;D. 流式细胞术检测过表达或敲降WDR82对A172和U251细胞凋亡的影响;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,****P<0.0001

, figureFileSmall=pxW7QSJpsm+RzdD00/5Cww==, figureFileBig=xIZawwMfd661KQ/ngJq6ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374880383550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of the overexpression or knockdown of WDR82 on the expression of MKI67, BCL2, and CCND1 in glioma cells, figureFileSmall=xfrIzBqsyGUD7+XgLgjGeQ==, figureFileBig=94l/f6eiqltRvTRezt8JjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589374989435459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=CN, label=图3, caption=过表达或敲降WDR82对神经胶质瘤细胞中MKI67、BCL2和CCND1蛋白表达的影响

WDR82. WD重复结构域82基因;MKI67. 增殖标志物Ki-67;BCL2. B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2;CCND1. 细胞周期蛋白D1;A. GEPIA数据库分析神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82表达与MKI67、BCL2、CCND1表达的相关性;B. Western blotting检测过表达或敲降WDR82对A172和U251细胞中MKI67、BCL2和CCND1表达的影响;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=xfrIzBqsyGUD7+XgLgjGeQ==, figureFileBig=94l/f6eiqltRvTRezt8JjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375115264583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of the overexpression or knockdown of WDR82 on Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in glioma cells, figureFileSmall=NjhrgUFvWKIQYLo/DciUSw==, figureFileBig=3zdfXBPYOXAsT6u6hy5KGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375215927883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=CN, label=图4, caption=过表达或敲降WDR82对神经胶质瘤细胞中Akt/mTOR信号通路的影响

WDR82. WD重复结构域82;mTOR. 哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白;MYC. MYC原癌基因;SNF. U1小核糖核蛋白A基因;HIPPO. 丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶hippo基因;Akt. 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶;A. UALCAN数据库分别分析对照组与mTOR信号通路异常组、MYC信号通路异常组、SNF信号通路异常组及HIPPO信号通路异常组的胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织中WDR82蛋白表达水平;B. GEPIA数据库分析神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82表达水平与mTOR和Akt1表达水平的相关性;C. Western blotting检测过表达或敲降WDR82对A172和U251细胞中p-Akt、Akt、p-mTOR、mTOR表达的影响;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=NjhrgUFvWKIQYLo/DciUSw==, figureFileBig=3zdfXBPYOXAsT6u6hy5KGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375312396878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of the knockdown of WDR82 on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice, figureFileSmall=OlOw9zCUDKGqVVj9f3tC+g==, figureFileBig=I4oHWT7oJwEj/FDx5XhnKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589375421448787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558269552820554, language=CN, label=图5, caption=敲降WDR82对荷瘤小鼠体内肿瘤生长的影响

WDR82. WD重复结构域82;A. 荷瘤shR-Con和shR-WDR82的U251细胞的小鼠体内肿瘤大小(n=5);B. 荷瘤shR-Con和shR-WDR82的U251细胞的小鼠肿瘤体积生长曲线(n=5);C. 荷瘤shR-Con和shR-WDR82的U251细胞的小鼠第25天的肿瘤重量;***P<0.001

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WDR82在神经胶质瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制
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高云 1 , 葛俊苗 1 , 王烜 1 , 杨臻 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(7): 832-840
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(7): 832-840
WDR82在神经胶质瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制
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高云1, 葛俊苗1, 王烜1, 杨臻2, *
作者信息
  • 1空军军医大学第一附属医院神经外科,陕西西安 710032
  • 2南开大学/天津市人民医院检验学部,天津 300321
  • 高云,技师,主要研究方向为脑恶性肿瘤的机制研究

通讯作者:

杨臻,E-mail:
Role and mechanism of WDR82 in the genesis and development of glioma
Yun Gao1, Jun-Miao Ge1, Xuan Wang1, Zhen Yang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
  • 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300321, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1335.2024.0408
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目的 探讨WD重复结构域82(WDR82)蛋白在神经胶质瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制。方法 利用GEPIA和UALCAN数据库分析WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织中的表达情况;采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析WDR82表达与神经胶质瘤患者预后的关系。采用组织芯片进行免疫组织化学染色检测WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织及其癌旁组织中的表达情况。取人胶质瘤A172和U251细胞,设置对照组(转染3 μg pcDNA3)、pWDR82组(转染3 μg pWDR82)、shR-Con组(转染3 μg pSilencer 2.1-U6)、shR-WDR82组(转染3 μg shR-WDR82)。转染48 h后,采用qRT-PCR验证各组转染效率;CCK-8法检测转染48 h的细胞活性,克隆形成实验检测转染后14 d的细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测转染48 h的细胞凋亡情况;Western blotting检测转染48 h细胞中增殖相关蛋白及Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的表达。采用体内荷瘤实验检测WDR82对NOD-SCID小鼠肿瘤生长的影响。结果 GEPIA和UALCAN数据库分析及免疫组织化学染色结果显示,WDR82在神经胶质瘤组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),其表达在不同性别及年龄段患者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,高表达WDR82的神经胶质瘤患者的预后不良(log-rank P=0.029)。过表达WDR82可明显促进A172和U251细胞的增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,明显增高A172和U251细胞中MKI67、BCL2、CCND1、p-Akt和p-mTOR的表达(P<0.05)。反之,敲降WDR82则抑制A172和U251细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡,降低MKI67、BCL2、CCND1、p-Akt和p-mTOR的表达(P<0.05)。敲降U251细胞中的WDR82,可明显抑制荷瘤NOD-SCID小鼠肿瘤的生长(P<0.05)。结论 高表达WDR82可能通过调控Akt/mTOR信号通路促进神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖及体内肿瘤的生长。

WDR82  /  神经胶质瘤  /  增殖  /  凋亡  /  Akt/mTOR信号通路  /  小鼠,NOD-SCID

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of WD repeat domain 82 (WDR82) protein in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Methods We analyzed the expression level of WDR82 in glioma tissues using GEPIA and UALCAN databases and further assessed WDR82 protein expression in glioma and adjacent normal tissues through immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between WDR82 expression and the prognosis of glioma patient was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Experiments were conducted on A172 and U251 cell lines, which were categorized into four groups: control group (transfected with 3 μg pcDNA3), shR-control group (transfected with 3 μg pSilencer 2.1-U6), pWDR82 group (transfected with 3 μg pWDR82), and shR-WDR82 group (transfected with 3 μg shR-WDR82). Post-transfection, we confirmed transfection efficiency at 48 hours using qRT-PCR and measured cell viability at the same time point with CCK-8 assay. Clone formation assay was employed to assess cell proliferation capacity after 14 days of transfection, while flow cytometry was utilized to analyze cell apoptosis after 48 hours of transfection. Additionally, Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of proteins related to proliferation and Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after 48 hours of transfection. Finally, the effect of WDR82 on tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice was investigated using tumor carrying experiment in vivo. Results Analysis of WDR82 expression in glioma tissues using GEPIA and UALCAN databases, along with immunohistochemical staining, revealed significantly higher expression levels compared to normal and paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). Additionally, WDR82 expression was not associated with gender or age of patients (P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis indicated that elevated WDR82 expression correlated with a poor prognosis in glioma patients (log-rank P=0.029). Overexpression of WDR82 notably enhanced the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of A172 and U251 cells, and also significantly upregulated the expression of MKI67, BCL2, CCND1, p-Akt and p-mTOR in A172 and U251 cells (P<0.05). Conversely, WDR82 knockdown had the opposite effects, inhibiting cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis and downregulating the expression of MKI67, BCL2, CCND1, p-Akt and p-mTOR (P<0.05). WDR82 knockdown in U251 cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice (P<0.05). Conclusion High expression of WDR82 promotes the proliferation of glioma cells and the growth of tumors in vivo by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

WDR82  /  glioma  /  proliferation  /  apoptosis  /  Akt/mTOR signaling pathway  /  mouse, NOD-SCID
高云, 葛俊苗, 王烜, 杨臻. WDR82在神经胶质瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (7) : 832 -840 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1335.2024.0408
Yun Gao, Jun-Miao Ge, Xuan Wang, Zhen Yang. Role and mechanism of WDR82 in the genesis and development of glioma[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (7) : 832 -840 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1335.2024.0408
脑肿瘤是一组复杂的异质性恶性肿瘤,其诊断、治疗和预后都面临着重大挑战。胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)是成人最常见、恶性和侵袭性的原发性脑肿瘤[1],约占神经胶质瘤的50%[2]。近年来,尽管临床上采用了积极的手术、辅助方法(包括放化疗在内)以及最高标准的护理手段,但高级别神经胶质瘤的预后仍然较差,而且神经胶质瘤患者的有效治疗策略非常有限[3-6]。近几十年来,仅有两种新批准的总生存获益治疗方案:Stup方案和创新的肿瘤治疗方案[7-8]。尽管目前在了解神经胶质瘤的分子机制和肿瘤免疫微环境方面取得了重大进展,但靶向小分子药物和免疫检查点抑制剂在GBM治疗中尚未取得显著疗效[9-11]。因此,进一步探究神经胶质瘤的发生发展机制,对新型靶向治疗药物的研发具有重要意义。
WD重复结构域82(WDR82)是一种C端结构域组合蛋白,也是SETD1A/B(组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶SET结构域包含1A或1B)复合物的一个亚基,能够募集SETD1A组蛋白H3-Lys4甲基转移酶复合物[12-13]。有研究报道,WDR82升高与乳腺癌、宫颈癌和卵巢癌的治疗敏感性相关[14-15],但其在神经胶质瘤发生发展中的作用及其机制尚不清楚。对WDR82基因参与调控的重要基因和信号通路进行深入研究,将有助于开发更有效的神经胶质瘤靶向药物。本研究采用生物信息学分析和一系列分子实验探讨WDR82基因在人胶质瘤细胞系及荷瘤小鼠中的生物学功能及可能的分子机制,旨在为揭示WDR82基因在神经胶质瘤发病中的作用提供参考及实验依据。
胎牛血清(FBS)、RPMI 1640、Opti-MEM、青(链)霉素溶液购自美国Gibco公司;LipopfectmineTM 3000转染试剂、三色预染蛋白Marker购自美国Thermo Fisher公司;增殖标志物Ki-67(marker of proliferation Ki-67,MKI67)多克隆抗体、B细胞淋巴瘤因子2(B-cell lymphoma-2,BCL2)单克隆抗体、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1,CCND1)单克隆抗体、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(serine/threonine kinase,Akt)多克隆抗体、Akt磷酸化(T308)多克隆抗体、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase,mTOR)单克隆抗体、mTOR磷酸化(S2448)单克隆抗体购自美国Abcam公司;羊抗兔IgG二抗、鼠抗兔IgG二抗、GAPDH多克隆抗体购自武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司;PBS、CCK-8及细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。荧光定量PCR仪(Q5,美国ABI公司);酶标仪(Varioskan LUX,美国Thermo Fisher公司);流式细胞仪(Accuri C6,美国BD公司)。
采用GEPIA数据库分析WDR82 mRNA水平:打开http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/网址,在搜索栏中输入“WDR82”,并在“Datasets Selection”下选择“GBM”,点击“Plot”,导出WDR82 mRNA水平在神经胶质瘤及正常组织中的相关分析图表。采用GEPIA数据库分析WDR82与BCL2、MKI67、CCND1、mTOR和Akt1的相关性:打开http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/网址,在搜索栏中输入“WDR82”,点击“Correlation”,Gene A输入“WDR82”,Gene B分别输入“BCL2、MKI67、CCND1、mTOR和AKT1”,在“TCGA Tumor (Cancer name)”下,选择“GBM Tumor”,点击“Plot”,得到WDR82与相关基因的相关性分析图谱。采用UALCAN数据库分析WDR82蛋白水平:打开https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html网址,选择“Proteosics”(蛋白水平),在“Enter gene symbol(s)”下输入“WDR82”,在“CPTAC dataset”下选择“GBM”,点击“Explore”,导出WDR82蛋白水平在神经胶质瘤及正常组织中的相关分析图表。采用Kaplan-Meier plotter (http://kmplot.com/analysis/)分析WDR82 mRNA水平与胶质瘤患者预后的相关性。
采用HBra-Gli060PG-01组织芯片(上海芯超生物公司)进行免疫组织化学染色,该芯片包括57例神经胶质瘤组织、4例正常或癌旁组织。将组织芯片常规脱蜡,高温高压下修复,冷却至室温,TBS缓冲液冲洗5 min×3次;将切片置于3% H2O2中室温浸泡20 min,TBS缓冲液冲洗5 min×3次;10%山羊血清封闭20 min,滴加一抗工作液(1:200,兔源WDR82)于4 ℃冰箱过夜;次日复温15 min,PBS冲洗5 min×3次,滴加二抗(1:100)于室温下孵育25 min,PBS缓冲液冲洗5 min×3次;洗去PBS,滴加50 μl DAB显色液(新鲜配制)并于低倍显微镜下观察;自来水冲洗切片,苏木精复染10 min;使用自来水多次冲洗,避免苏木精残留,将切片置于盐酸乙醇中分化;自来水冲洗切片,返蓝液返蓝;梯度乙醇脱水,将二甲苯脱去,切片晾干后用中性树胶封片镜检。
人胶质瘤U251细胞由国家实验细胞资源共享平台(北京)提供,A172细胞由武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司提供,均于含10% FBS的DMEM培养基中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养。采用qRT-PCR检测细胞中WDR82的表达情况,选取传代后状态稳定的U251和A172细胞进行后续实验。
根据LipofectamineTM 3000转染试剂说明书进行细胞转染,具体实验分组如下:对照组(载体质粒为pcDNA3.1)、pWDR82组与shR-Con组(载体质粒为pSilencer 2.1-U6)、shR-WDR82组。当铺板的A172和U251细胞生长密度达到70%~80%时,使用Opti-MEM将pWDR82过表达质粒和shR-WDR82敲降质粒分别稀释至说明书推荐浓度后与转染试剂轻柔混匀,室温静置10 min后将混合液均匀添加到无血清培养基的细胞中,培养6 h后更换为正常RPMI 1640完全培养基,继续培养至转染后24~48 h,收集细胞进行相应实验。取A172和U251细胞,4组细胞分别转染相应质粒3 μg,转染48 h后,采用qRT-PCR验证转染效率,CCK-8法检测转染后48 h的细胞活性,克隆形成实验检测转染后14 d的细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测转染后48 h的细胞凋亡情况,Western blotting检测转染后48 h相关蛋白的表达。
采用Trizol试剂盒提取细胞总RNA,使用cDNA反转录试剂盒反转录成cDNA,采用ABI Q5 Real-time PCR仪测定WDR82 mRNA相对表达量。WDR82及内参ACTIN引物购自北京擎科生物公司。引物序列:ACTIN正向5'-CGCCGCCAGCTCACCATG-3',反向5'-CACGATGGAGGGGAAGACGG-3';WDR82正向5'-CTCCATCGTGCTCTATGACT-3',反向5'-GATGAGGTCCACACCATATT-3'。
收集各组细胞,消化、重悬后,接种于96孔板(5×103个细胞/孔)培养。接种后48 h,根据CCK-8试剂盒说明书步骤操作,采用酶标仪测定450 nm波长处的吸光度(OD)值,绘制细胞增殖曲线。
收集各组细胞,消化、重悬后,接种于6孔板(500个细胞/孔)培养14 d,待细胞形成肉眼可见的集落后,用PBS清洗细胞,弃掉上清液,用4%多聚甲醛溶液室温固定30 min,然后用0.1%结晶紫溶液染色,拍照并计算克隆形成率。
收集各组细胞,消化、重悬后,取2×105个细胞均匀接种于12孔板中,培养24 h后用胰蛋白酶消化,收集至4 ℃预冷的PBS中。根据Annexin V/PI凋亡检测试剂盒说明书对细胞进行处理,避光染色并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。
收集各组细胞,用RIPA蛋白裂解液裂解细胞,冰浴30 min,然后4 ℃下12 000×g离心10 min,取上清。用BCA试剂盒对蛋白质浓度进行定量,计算浓度后,各组样品取12 μg等量蛋白上样,行SDS-PAGE电泳并转膜,用5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭1 h,分别用稀释后的MKI67多克隆抗体、BCL2单克隆抗体、CCND1单克隆抗体、Akt多克隆抗体、Akt磷酸化(T308)多克隆抗体、mTOR单克隆抗体、mTOR磷酸化(S2448)单克隆抗体和内参抗体GAPDH 4 ℃孵育过夜。次日,TBST洗涤3次,每次5 min;加入HRP标记的山羊抗鼠/兔二抗,室温孵育1 h,TBST洗涤5 min×3次。最后用ECL化学发光显色。用ImageJ软件分析蛋白条带灰度值,以GAPDH为内参计算蛋白相对表达量。
10只雌性NOD-SCID小鼠(6周龄)购自北京维通利华公司,随机分为shR-Con组与shR-WDR82组,每组5只。取1.4.1中shR-Con组、shR-WDR82组的U251细胞消化重悬,PBS洗2次,计数,用PBS将细胞浓度调至5×107细胞/ml,每只小鼠皮下接种100 μl细胞悬液,即每只小鼠接种5×106个细胞。每5 d测量一次肿瘤大小。荷瘤第25天,处死小鼠并对荷瘤部位进行拍照,收集肿瘤组织进行相应测量和拍照。
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。所有实验数据均符合正态分布且方差齐,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。采用R(v3.2.11)library(“survival”)进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
GEPIA和UALCAN数据库分析结果显示,与正常组织比较,神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82 mRNA和蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.01,图1A、B),且神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82蛋白相对表达水平在不同性别和不同年龄段患者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图1C、D)。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82阳性细胞率明显高于正常组织(P<0.001,图1E)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,WDR82高表达的神经胶质瘤患者的生存期明显短于WDR82低表达者(log-rank P=0.029,图1F)。
qPCR检测结果显示,在A172和U251细胞中过表达和敲降WDR82质粒有效(P<0.0001,图2A)。CCK-8法检测结果显示,与对照组比较,pWDR82组A172和U251细胞活性增高(P<0.05、P<0.01);与shR-Con组比较,shR-WDR82组A172和U251细胞活性降低(P<0.05,图2B)。克隆形成实验结果显示,与对照组比较,pWDR82组A172和U251细胞克隆形成率明显增高(P<0.001、P<0.01);与shR-Con组比较,shR-WDR82组A172和U251细胞克隆形成率明显降低(P<0.01,图2C)。流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组比较,pWDR82组A172和U251细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.001);与shR-Con组比较,shR-WDR82组A172和U251细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.001、P<0.01,图2D)。
GEPIA数据库分析结果显示,神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82表达与MKI67、BCL2和CCND1表达均呈正相关(P<0.001,图3A)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,pWDR82组A172和U251细胞中MKI67、BCL2和CCND1蛋白相对表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001);与shR-Con组比较,shR-WDR82组MKI67、BCL2和CCND1蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001,图3B)。
UALCAN数据库分析结果显示,与对照组比较,mTOR信号通路异常的神经胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织中WDR82蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);但在MYC原癌基因(MYC)、U1小核糖核蛋白A基因(SNF)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶Hippo基因(HIPPO)信号通路异常的神经胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织中,WDR82蛋白相对表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05)(图4A)。GEPIA数据库分析结果显示,神经胶质瘤组织中WDR82的表达与mTOR和Akt1的表达均呈正相关(P<0.001、P<0.01,图4B)。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,pWDR82组A172和U251细胞中p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001);与shR-Con组比较,shR-WDR82组A172和U251细胞中p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.001,图4C)。
将shR-Con组和shR-WDR82组的U251细胞分别皮下接种NOD-SCID小鼠,结果显示,WDR82敲降能够明显抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的大小(图5A),肿瘤体积和重量均明显低于shR-Con组(P<0.001,图5B、C)。
GBM是一种高度侵袭性的肿瘤,对患者的生活质量和生存率影响较大[16-17]。GBM患者的中位生存时间仅为15~20个月,其中仅5%~10%的患者生存期超过5年[7]。GBM病死率高的最主要原因为缺少可靠的早期检测手段,大多数GBM患者在晚期阶段才被诊断,此时患者的预后往往较差。此外,尽管针对GBM的治疗已经取得了很大进展,如手术后使用DNA烷化剂替莫唑胺(TMZ)进行放疗和化疗,但大部分患者仍表现为预后不良和高转移倾向[18-19]。因此,目前仍需寻找特异性的生物标志物来提高早期GBM的检测,以评估预后和预测治疗反应[20]
最近有研究报道,WDR82参与多种肿瘤的发生发展。Wang等[21]报道,与TCGA数据库中非转移肺腺癌组织样本相比,淋巴结转移样本中miR-224和miR-147b的表达上调,而WDR82、前mRNA加工因子4同源物B(pre-mRNA processing factor 4B,PRPF4B)和核受体亚家族3C组成员2(nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2,NR3C2)的表达下调,且肺腺癌组织样本中miR-147b与WDR82表达、miR-224与PRPF4B表达以及miR-31与NR3C2表达之间存在明显的负相关性。另有研究表明,组蛋白H3K4me3和WDR82表达的降低与结直肠癌预后不良有关,提示H3K4me3和WDR82的联合表达情况可作为结直肠癌新的预后标志物[22]。碱性亮氨酸拉链转录因子ATF样蛋白3(basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3,BATF3)能够通过激活鞘氨醇1磷酸酯受体1(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1,S1PR1)/p-STAT3/miR-155-3p/WDR82轴来增强结直肠癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及转移能力[23]。此外,M2巨噬细胞来源的外泌体miR-501-3p能够通过下调WDR82促进肺癌的进展[24],miR-155-3p能够通过下调WDR82促进髓母细胞瘤的生长[25]。本研究发现,过表达WDR82能够促进A172和U251细胞的活性和增殖,并抑制其凋亡。为阐明WDR82如何调控细胞的增殖和凋亡,进一步检测与增殖或凋亡相关的分子指标,如MKI67、BCL2、CCND1等[26-28]。结果显示,过表达WDR82能够促进MKI67、BCL2和CCND1的表达。有研究发现,一项涉及4996例肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的54项研究的综合分析显示,MKI67表达与更晚期的肿瘤阶段相关,且其表达水平越高反映肿瘤细胞的增殖活性越强[26]。另外,BCL2蛋白家族成员是细胞死亡的重要调节因子,控制细胞凋亡内在途径的激活。BCL2是一种完整的线粒体外膜蛋白,其高表达可阻止包括肿瘤细胞在内的细胞凋亡,是一个抗凋亡的分子指标[27]。CCND1属于高度保守的cyclin周期蛋白家族,该蛋白家族成员的特征是在整个细胞周期中蛋白质丰度具有动态周期性。CCND1基因的突变或过度表达会促进细胞的过度增殖[28]
最近一项研究发现,H3K4me3及其甲基转移酶WDR82在儿童高级别神经胶质瘤(pHGGs)中表达增加,且WDR82介导的H3K4me3与pHGGs的肿瘤细胞增殖和治疗效果密切相关[29]。甲基化转移酶SETD1A/B复合物能够催化组蛋白H3K4的甲基化,在胚胎发育、造血中发挥重要作用,且参与造血恶性肿瘤和神经系统疾病等[30]。本研究通过大数据分析发现,WDR82可能与mTOR信号通路存在一定的相关性。进一步采用Western blotting检测mTOR信号通路相关的分子指标,发现WDR82过表达能够升高磷酸化的Akt和mTOR的蛋白水平,反之,敲降WDR82能够降低磷酸化的Akt和mTOR的蛋白水平,且明显抑制小鼠体内肿瘤生长。PI3K/Akt/mTOR是参与细胞生长、增殖、存活、运动、代谢和免疫反应调节的信号通路,该通路与多种疾病和综合征有关,如结节性硬化症、帕金森病、血管疾病、癌症等[31-34]。研究发现,几乎所有人类肿瘤中都存在该信号通路的改变,其中高达60%的肿瘤呈现出不同的变异,使这一通路过度激活[35]
综上所述,本研究发现,WDR82在人神经胶质瘤组织中呈高表达;过表达WDR82可促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖,抑制其凋亡,促进细胞中MKI67、BCL2、CCND1、p-AKT和p-mTOR的表达;敲降WDR82则可抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,抑制细胞中MKI67、BCL2、CCND1、p-AKT和p-mTOR的表达,且可明显抑制小鼠体内肿瘤的生长。本研究初步明确了WDR82发挥促肿瘤作用的分子机制,为WDR82的临床神经胶质瘤应用提供了理论依据,提示WDR82有望成为神经胶质瘤的潜在治疗药物靶点。但本研究也存在不足之处:对WDR82的研究仅基于细胞和免疫功能缺陷小鼠层面,缺乏在人神经胶质瘤和免疫功能完全小鼠模型中的实验验证;过表达或敲降WDR82虽然可调控磷酸化的Akt和mTOR蛋白的表达水平,但具体的分子机制仍有待进一步探究;此外,WDR82在人胶质瘤组织中高表达的分子机制也需要进一步探究。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1335.2024.0408
  • 接收时间:2023-10-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-10
  • 录用日期:2023-12-16
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    1空军军医大学第一附属医院神经外科,陕西西安 710032
    2南开大学/天津市人民医院检验学部,天津 300321

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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