Article(id=1198558268147728671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0246.2024.0513, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1676390400000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1681142400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-04-11, onlineDate=1763688159262, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688159262, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688159262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688159262, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558265329152414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='7', pageStart='733', pageEnd='854', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688158589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689196450, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=770, endPage=775, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558268709765418, articleId=1198558268147728671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Acute phase reaction induced by zoledronic acid in the treatment of osteoporosis: risk factors, and effects on treatment adherence, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate risk factors for acute phase reaction (APR) induced by zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment in osteoporosis and its impact on treatment adherence and persistence. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data from 471 osteoporosis patients with a median age of 67 years, who received 5 mg ZA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2013 and January 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of APR: APR group (n=79) and non-APR group (n=392). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors inducing APR. The treatment persistence of ZA was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. In addition, treatment adherence was analyzed. Results The incidence of APR was 33.2% after the first ZA injection, and it gradually decreased with an increase in the number of infusions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the first infusion, no history of oral bisphosphonate use, and high blood phosphorus levels were independent risk factors for APR. Three-year treatment adherence and persistence in APR group were 53% and 44%, respectively, while in non-APR group, they were 52% and 42%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the persistence of ZA between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions APR is prone to occur during ZA treatment for osteoporosis, but it does not affect the adherence and persistence of ZA treatment. First use of ZA, no history of oral bisphosphonates, and high blood phosphorus levels are independent risk factors for APR.

, correspAuthors=Bo Zhou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨唑来膦酸(ZA)治疗骨质疏松后诱发的急性相反应(APR)的危险因素及对治疗依从性和持久性的影响。方法 收集2013年1月-2022年1月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受5 mg ZA治疗的中位年龄67岁的471例骨质疏松症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据是否发生APR分为有APR组(n=79)与无APR组(n=392)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析APR的影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析治疗持久性,并分析其治疗依从性。结果 注射ZA后首次APR发生率为33.2%,且随着输注次数增加而逐渐递减。首次输注ZA或无口服双膦酸盐史、高血磷水平是APR的独立危险因素。有APR组患者的3年治疗依从性和持久性分别为53%、44%,无APR组则为52%和42%。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,两组在使用ZA的持久性方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ZA治疗骨质疏松时易发生APR,但其对ZA治疗的依从性和持久性影响不明显。首次使用ZA、无口服双膦酸盐史和高血磷水平是APR的独立危险因素。

, correspAuthors=周波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周波,E-mail:
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叶欣,硕士研究生,主要从骨质疏松及肌少症方面的临床研究

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叶欣,硕士研究生,主要从骨质疏松及肌少症方面的临床研究

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J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95(9): 4380-4387., articleTitle=Characterization of and risk factors for the acute-phase response after zoledronic acid, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198589365816492259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589365824880869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, companyId=1198589365816492259, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589365841658087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, companyId=1198589365816492259, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌内科,重庆 400016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198589369461342538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of ZA treatment persistence between APR group and non-APR group, figureFileSmall=wUCGXaskBmrSbjOBjaKMlg==, figureFileBig=3unpwHNZRRSSsPLzN7nevA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589369536840017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=CN, label=图1, caption=APR组与无APR组之间ZA治疗的持久性比较

APR. 急性相反应;ZA. 唑来膦酸

, figureFileSmall=wUCGXaskBmrSbjOBjaKMlg==, figureFileBig=3unpwHNZRRSSsPLzN7nevA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198589369692029276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of basic data in patients trentment of ZA between the APR group and non-APR group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标无APR组(n=392)有APR组(n=79)P
男/女(例)346/4671/80.682
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]68(62, 74)66(59, 73)0.101
BMI [kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]22.2(18.1, 24.0)21.8(19.6, 24.1)0.314
新发椎体骨折[例(%)]51(13)24(30.4)<0.001
糖尿病102(26.0)19(24.1)0.715
恶性肿瘤稳定期18(4.6)4(5.1)0.774
药物使用史[例(%)]
使用ZA次数
1139(35.5)69(87.3)<0.001
2138(35.2)7(8.9)
388(22.4)3(3.8)
≥427(6.9)0
口服双膦酸盐134(34.2)13(16.5)0.002
补充维生素D289(73.7)35(44.3)<0.001
补充钙剂327(83.4)44(55.7)<0.001
使用降钙素30(7.7)8(10.1)0.461
他汀类药物91(23.2)6(7.6)0.002
非甾体抗炎药10(2.6)4(5.1)0.268
糖皮质激素49(12.5)9(11.4)0.785
免疫抑制剂10(2.6)1(1.3)0.490
炎症及营养状态[M(Q1, Q3)]
超敏CRP(mg/L)0.69(0.33, 1.70)0.62(0.34, 1.82)0.895
WBC(×109/L)5.59(4.65, 6.89)5.56(4.50, 6.67)0.532
N(×109/L)3.39(2.70, 4.29)3.27(2.57, 4.20)0.317
L(×109/L)1.58(1.25, 1.99)1.70(1.31, 2.00)0.173
NLR2.11(1.57, 2.97)1.86(1.44, 2.84)0.194
血红蛋白(g/L)129(120, 136)123(117, 131)0.009
血清白蛋白(g/L)42(40, 45)42(40, 44)0.598
代谢参数
肌酐[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]60(53, 70)62(54, 69)0.584
血钙[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.30(2.22, 2.39)2.32(2.26, 2.39)0.249
血磷[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.19(1.05, 1.30)1.25(1.12, 1.38)0.007
血镁[mol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]0.86(0.81, 0.91)0.86(0.80, 0.91)0.997
OC[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]11.47(9.27, 14.82)15.73(12.39, 22.38)<0.001
TP1NP[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]30.30(23.33, 45.23)50.32(34.87, 77.47)<0.001
BALP[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]8.13(3.75, 11.25)9.33(4.30, 14.22)0.051
β-CTX[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]0.222(0.153, 0.346)0.419(0.225, 0.747)<0.001
降钙素[ng/L, M(Q1, Q3)]0.88(0.50, 1.42)0.70(0.50, 1.41)0.486
PTH[pg/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]42.60(31.13, 57.05)36.70(30.3, 52.4)0.219
25-(OH)VD[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]23.30(18.00, 28.39)21.71(15.23, 24.39)0.027
腰椎T值[M(Q1, Q3)]-3.6(-4.3, -3.1)-3.8(-4.4, -3.5)0.014
股骨颈T值[M(Q1, Q3)]-2.8(-3.3, -2.4)-2.9(-3.6, -2.5)0.328
全髋T值($\bar{x}±s$)-2.6±0.8-2.7±0.80.210
), ArticleFig(id=1198589369817858406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松患者有APR组与无APR组基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标无APR组(n=392)有APR组(n=79)P
男/女(例)346/4671/80.682
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]68(62, 74)66(59, 73)0.101
BMI [kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]22.2(18.1, 24.0)21.8(19.6, 24.1)0.314
新发椎体骨折[例(%)]51(13)24(30.4)<0.001
糖尿病102(26.0)19(24.1)0.715
恶性肿瘤稳定期18(4.6)4(5.1)0.774
药物使用史[例(%)]
使用ZA次数
1139(35.5)69(87.3)<0.001
2138(35.2)7(8.9)
388(22.4)3(3.8)
≥427(6.9)0
口服双膦酸盐134(34.2)13(16.5)0.002
补充维生素D289(73.7)35(44.3)<0.001
补充钙剂327(83.4)44(55.7)<0.001
使用降钙素30(7.7)8(10.1)0.461
他汀类药物91(23.2)6(7.6)0.002
非甾体抗炎药10(2.6)4(5.1)0.268
糖皮质激素49(12.5)9(11.4)0.785
免疫抑制剂10(2.6)1(1.3)0.490
炎症及营养状态[M(Q1, Q3)]
超敏CRP(mg/L)0.69(0.33, 1.70)0.62(0.34, 1.82)0.895
WBC(×109/L)5.59(4.65, 6.89)5.56(4.50, 6.67)0.532
N(×109/L)3.39(2.70, 4.29)3.27(2.57, 4.20)0.317
L(×109/L)1.58(1.25, 1.99)1.70(1.31, 2.00)0.173
NLR2.11(1.57, 2.97)1.86(1.44, 2.84)0.194
血红蛋白(g/L)129(120, 136)123(117, 131)0.009
血清白蛋白(g/L)42(40, 45)42(40, 44)0.598
代谢参数
肌酐[μmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]60(53, 70)62(54, 69)0.584
血钙[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.30(2.22, 2.39)2.32(2.26, 2.39)0.249
血磷[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.19(1.05, 1.30)1.25(1.12, 1.38)0.007
血镁[mol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]0.86(0.81, 0.91)0.86(0.80, 0.91)0.997
OC[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]11.47(9.27, 14.82)15.73(12.39, 22.38)<0.001
TP1NP[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]30.30(23.33, 45.23)50.32(34.87, 77.47)<0.001
BALP[μg/L, M(Q1, Q3)]8.13(3.75, 11.25)9.33(4.30, 14.22)0.051
β-CTX[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]0.222(0.153, 0.346)0.419(0.225, 0.747)<0.001
降钙素[ng/L, M(Q1, Q3)]0.88(0.50, 1.42)0.70(0.50, 1.41)0.486
PTH[pg/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]42.60(31.13, 57.05)36.70(30.3, 52.4)0.219
25-(OH)VD[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]23.30(18.00, 28.39)21.71(15.23, 24.39)0.027
腰椎T值[M(Q1, Q3)]-3.6(-4.3, -3.1)-3.8(-4.4, -3.5)0.014
股骨颈T值[M(Q1, Q3)]-2.8(-3.3, -2.4)-2.9(-3.6, -2.5)0.328
全髋T值($\bar{x}±s$)-2.6±0.8-2.7±0.80.210
), ArticleFig(id=1198589369914327400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Univariate logistic regression analysis of APR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2OR95%CIP
新发椎体骨折1.0710.28713.9162.9181.662~5.121<0.001
首次使用ZA2.5300.35450.96412.5596.270~25.158<0.001
口服双膦酸盐-0.9700.3229.0910.3790.202~0.7120.003
补充维生素D-1.2610.25424.6470.2840.172~0.466<0.001
补充钙剂-1.3870.26427.5740.2500.149~0.419<0.001
他汀类-1.3020.4418.7140.2720.114~0.6460.003
血磷1.6520.6915.7115.2171.346~20.2220.017
血清骨钙素0.1090.01834.8241.1151.075~1.156<0.001
TP1NP0.0230.00428.4021.0231.014~1.032<0.001
β-CTX2.9870.47539.56219.8177.814~50.257<0.001
BALP0.0430.0185.6221.0441.007~1.0810.018
腰椎T值-0.3030.1444.4380.7390.558~0.9790.035
), ArticleFig(id=1198589370040156529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

APR危险因素的单因素logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2OR95%CIP
新发椎体骨折1.0710.28713.9162.9181.662~5.121<0.001
首次使用ZA2.5300.35450.96412.5596.270~25.158<0.001
口服双膦酸盐-0.9700.3229.0910.3790.202~0.7120.003
补充维生素D-1.2610.25424.6470.2840.172~0.466<0.001
补充钙剂-1.3870.26427.5740.2500.149~0.419<0.001
他汀类-1.3020.4418.7140.2720.114~0.6460.003
血磷1.6520.6915.7115.2171.346~20.2220.017
血清骨钙素0.1090.01834.8241.1151.075~1.156<0.001
TP1NP0.0230.00428.4021.0231.014~1.032<0.001
β-CTX2.9870.47539.56219.8177.814~50.257<0.001
BALP0.0430.0185.6221.0441.007~1.0810.018
腰椎T值-0.3030.1444.4380.7390.558~0.9790.035
), ArticleFig(id=1198589370149208438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of APR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2OR95%CIP
首次使用ZA2.0320.41224.2917.6313.401~17.122<0.001
血磷1.7880.8134.8335.9781.214~29.4360.028
无口服双磷酸盐史0.8950.3985.0602.4881.122~5.3390.024
), ArticleFig(id=1198589370241483130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558268147728671, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

APR危险因素的多因素logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2OR95%CIP
首次使用ZA2.0320.41224.2917.6313.401~17.122<0.001
血磷1.7880.8134.8335.9781.214~29.4360.028
无口服双磷酸盐史0.8950.3985.0602.4881.122~5.3390.024
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唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松诱发急性相反应的危险因素及对治疗依从性的影响
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叶欣 , 田欣 , 邱婧文 , 周波 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(7): 770-775
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(7): 770-775
唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松诱发急性相反应的危险因素及对治疗依从性的影响
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叶欣, 田欣, 邱婧文, 周波*
作者信息
  • 重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌内科,重庆 400016
  • 叶欣,硕士研究生,主要从骨质疏松及肌少症方面的临床研究

通讯作者:

周波,E-mail:
Acute phase reaction induced by zoledronic acid in the treatment of osteoporosis: risk factors, and effects on treatment adherence
Xin Ye, Xin Tian, Jing-Wen Qiu, Bo Zhou*
Affiliations
  • Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0246.2024.0513
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目的 探讨唑来膦酸(ZA)治疗骨质疏松后诱发的急性相反应(APR)的危险因素及对治疗依从性和持久性的影响。方法 收集2013年1月-2022年1月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受5 mg ZA治疗的中位年龄67岁的471例骨质疏松症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据是否发生APR分为有APR组(n=79)与无APR组(n=392)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析APR的影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析治疗持久性,并分析其治疗依从性。结果 注射ZA后首次APR发生率为33.2%,且随着输注次数增加而逐渐递减。首次输注ZA或无口服双膦酸盐史、高血磷水平是APR的独立危险因素。有APR组患者的3年治疗依从性和持久性分别为53%、44%,无APR组则为52%和42%。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,两组在使用ZA的持久性方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ZA治疗骨质疏松时易发生APR,但其对ZA治疗的依从性和持久性影响不明显。首次使用ZA、无口服双膦酸盐史和高血磷水平是APR的独立危险因素。

唑来膦酸  /  急性相反应  /  骨质疏松  /  危险因素  /  依从性

Objective To investigate risk factors for acute phase reaction (APR) induced by zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment in osteoporosis and its impact on treatment adherence and persistence. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data from 471 osteoporosis patients with a median age of 67 years, who received 5 mg ZA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2013 and January 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of APR: APR group (n=79) and non-APR group (n=392). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors inducing APR. The treatment persistence of ZA was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. In addition, treatment adherence was analyzed. Results The incidence of APR was 33.2% after the first ZA injection, and it gradually decreased with an increase in the number of infusions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the first infusion, no history of oral bisphosphonate use, and high blood phosphorus levels were independent risk factors for APR. Three-year treatment adherence and persistence in APR group were 53% and 44%, respectively, while in non-APR group, they were 52% and 42%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the persistence of ZA between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions APR is prone to occur during ZA treatment for osteoporosis, but it does not affect the adherence and persistence of ZA treatment. First use of ZA, no history of oral bisphosphonates, and high blood phosphorus levels are independent risk factors for APR.

zoledronic acid  /  acute phase reaction  /  osteoporosis  /  risk factors  /  adherence
叶欣, 田欣, 邱婧文, 周波. 唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松诱发急性相反应的危险因素及对治疗依从性的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (7) : 770 -775 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0246.2024.0513
Xin Ye, Xin Tian, Jing-Wen Qiu, Bo Zhou. Acute phase reaction induced by zoledronic acid in the treatment of osteoporosis: risk factors, and effects on treatment adherence[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (7) : 770 -775 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0246.2024.0513
骨质疏松症是一类隐匿起病的代谢性骨病,骨微结构破坏、骨骼脆性增加是其主要病理特征。除易累及老年人、绝经后女性外,在糖尿病、自身免疫病、肿瘤和应用免疫抑制剂等脆弱人群中尤为高发[1-4]。近年来,静脉注射唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid,ZA)已被多国指南推荐为上述骨折高风险人群骨质疏松的一线治疗措施[5-6]。虽然临床试验已表明ZA可有效提高绝经后女性的骨密度,降低主要部位的骨折风险[7],但是同时亦发现部分患者可因输注后出现急性相反应(acute phase reaction,APR)而提前中止治疗。APR是指ZA输注后3 d内出现包括发热、肌痛、乏力、头痛和关节痛等流感样症状的不良事件[5]。尽管APR发生率及其危险因素已在绝经后女性、骨折术后或高龄老年等特定群体中探讨,但往往排除了继发性骨质疏松或有多种并发症的人群[8-10]。此外,长期规律治疗是确保ZA疗效的基础,然而APR对绝经后女性以外人群治疗依从性的影响却知之甚少,为此,本研究纳入包含脆弱人群的更广泛的骨质疏松患者,系统分析APR可能的风险因素,回顾性分析ZA诱发APR的发生率和影响因素,并观察APR对ZA治疗依从性和持久性的影响,旨在为ZA的临床应用提供依据。
收集2013年1月-2022年1月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院输注ZA的471例骨质疏松症患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。APR定义为在输注ZA后72 h内出现的乏力、骨痛、肌痛以及一过性发热等症状。根据是否发生APR将患者分为有APR组(n=79)与无APR组(n=392)。纳入标准:(1)男性年龄>50岁或绝经后女性;(2)骨质疏松症诊断符合《原发性骨质疏松诊疗指南(2017版)》[5]中脆性骨折和骨密度标准,由于医保原因大多数非骨折患者T评分<-3.5;(3)静脉输注5 mg ZA治疗。排除标准:(1)活动性自身免疫病、活动性肿瘤或病理性骨折;(2)合并严重肾功能不全、低钙血症、心力衰竭;(3)感染、创伤等应激;(4)因其他疾病(如高钙危象、成骨不全、肿瘤骨转移、Paget骨病)使用ZA;(5)基线数据缺失。本研究已获重庆医科大学附属第一医院伦理委员会审批(K2023-037)。
收集所有患者的人口学资料[包括性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)等]及既往史(包括新发椎体骨折史、糖尿病史、稳定期恶性肿瘤史)。新发椎体骨折指每次输注ZA前,经影像学检查明确存在的新发椎体骨折,包括:(1)影像学明确描述为急性或新发的;(2)与前一年影像学对比时新出现的骨折;(3)无既往影像学资料但现有明确相应临床症状者。此外,收集患者的近期用药史(输注ZA次数、他汀类药物、阿司匹林、口服双膦酸盐、维生素D补充剂、钙剂、非甾体药物和降钙素、口服糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂)、炎症营养状态指标[包括白细胞计数、超敏C-反应蛋白、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白]以及骨代谢相关指标。骨代谢相关指标包括血钙、血磷、血镁、骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基末端前肽(TP1NP)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)、降钙素、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)VD]水平,以及腰椎、股骨颈和全髋T值。
长期治疗依从性好被定义为接受了≥3次ZA治疗,持久性是指在计划的1年用药间隔后坚持接受下一次治疗的占比,有90 d的允许时间[11]
(1)分析471例骨质疏松症患者的APR发生率;(2)根据是否发生APR分为有APR组与无APR组,比较两组患者间的临床资料(一般特征、用药史、炎症、营养状态和代谢特征指标);(3)收集并分析发生ARP的危险因素;(4)分析ZA治疗的持久性和依从性。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料呈正态分布时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;呈偏态分布时以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或者Fisher's精确检验。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析探索发生APR的影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线用于持久性分析,组间比较采用log-rank(Mantel-Cox)检验。P<0.05(双侧)为差异有统计学意义。
471例患者中,男54例(占11.5%)、女417例(占88.5%),中位年龄67岁。首次注射ZA后有79例患者发生APR(其中发热47例、肌痛24例、骨痛18例、乏力12例),总发生率为33.2%,各类反应发生率依次为22.6%、11.5%、8.7%,5.8%;在第2次注射ZA后有7例患者发生APR(发热3例、肌痛4例、骨痛0例、乏力1例),总发生率为4.8%,各类反应发生率依次为2.1%、2.8%、0、0.7%;第3次注射后APR的总发生率为3.3%(有3例患者发生APR,其中发热2例、肌痛0例、骨痛1例、乏力0例);≥4次注射后未发生APR。通过对两组的人口学资料、免疫受损状态、药物使用史、炎症营养状态、骨代谢参数等方面的特征进行统计分析发现,与无APR组比较,有APR组患者更容易合并新发椎体骨折(P<0.001),且大多在首次输注ZA后发生APR(P<0.001),血磷(P=0.007)、骨钙素(P<0.001)、TP1NP(P<0.001)和β-CTX(P<0.001)升高,血红蛋白(P=0.009)、25-(OH)D(P=0.027)和腰椎T值(P=0.014)降低。无APR组相较于有APR组,更多患者使用口服双膦酸盐(34.2% vs. 16.5%,P=0.002)和他汀类药物(23.2% vs. 7.6%,P=0.002),且更多患者补充钙剂(83.4% vs. 55.7%,P<0.001)和维生素D(73.7% vs. 44.3%,P<0.001)(表1)。
对收集的所有基线资料进行单因素logistic回归分析发现,新发椎体骨折,首次使用ZA,口服双膦酸盐、他汀类药物,补充维生素D、钙剂,血磷、骨钙素、TP1NP、BALP、β-CTX水平以及腰椎T值等12个因素有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。为排除混杂因素的干扰,进一步纳入上述影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析发现,仅首次使用ZA和高血磷水平、无口服双膦酸盐史为APR的独立危险因素(P<0.05,表3)。
由于部分患者到观察截止时间未达3年,因此仅186例被纳入长期依从性分析,其中14例缺乏ZA输注日期数据(在其他机构或2013年之前输注),故仅172例进行了持久性分析。结果显示,ZA长期治疗依从性为53%,而3年持久性为43%;其中,有ARP组3年长期依从性和持久性分别为53%和44%,而无ARP组3年长期依从性和持久性分别为52%和42%,两组间依从性差异无统计学意义(P=0.903)。Kaplan-Meier曲线结果显示,有APR组与无APR组对使用ZA的持久性差异无统计学意义(P=0.913)(图1)。
ZA是第3代双膦酸盐类药物,具有半衰期长、使用方便、较强的抑制破骨细胞分化和促进其凋亡的特点[12]。然而,APR作为ZA常见的不良反应并未受到足够重视,主要在于绝经后人群临床试验中APR一般症状较轻,持续时间短暂。但上市后监测却发现,不少患者症状重且难以耐受,甚至诱发心脑血管事件、器官衰竭[13],因此有研究显示,约30%发生APR的患者拒绝再次输注ZA[14],严重影响抗骨质疏松的治疗效果。更应重视的是,由于新冠病毒感染的症状与APR重叠,在新冠大流行期间尤其需要避免ZA输注时发生APR,因此,在真实世界中探讨APR的影响因素和对治疗依从性的影响非常重要。
在本研究中,首次注射ZA后APR的发生率为33.2%,随着输注次数增加,发生率显著下降甚至不再发生。国外报道APR发生率为31.6%~77.5%,而国内研究的异质性也较大,为20.43%~100.00%[15],造成这种差异的部分原因可能与不同研究APR的定义、研究人群、地区种族、用药史等不同有关。与大多数以往的研究不同,本研究纳入了更广泛的脆弱人群,而APR的发生率仍然不低,提示真实世界中即使免疫受损者输注ZA后也需重视APR的发生。
APR的发生主要是由于ZA可抑制法尼基焦磷酸合成酶,进而阻止破骨细胞中香叶基焦磷酸盐转化为法尼基焦磷酸盐,导致上游代谢产物焦磷酸异戊烯酯(IPP)的急剧堆积,IPP与γδT细胞表面受体结合,γδT细胞被激活并增殖,进而释放白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α等炎症风暴介质,从而出现发热、疼痛等一系列症状[16]。本研究尽可能系统地纳入了APR的潜在风险因素,结果发现无口服双膦酸盐史及首次使用ZA是其独立的危险因素,与既往研究[10,17]一致。Rossini等[18]率先报道,循环γδT细胞的比例是静脉输注ZA后APR发生的重要决定因素;Oberg等[19]进一步发现,连续应用双膦酸盐可导致γδT淋巴细胞耗竭,从而可减少ZA再次暴露时诱发的发热等不良反应。另外,本研究还发现,高血磷水平可增加APR的发生风险。既往研究已证实,高磷可刺激成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)的表达,FGF23可作用于肝脏而引起炎症反应,较高的FGF23水平与较高水平的炎性因子C反应蛋白、IL-6、TNF相关[20-22]。但高磷增强ZA诱导的APR的分子机制仍需进一步研究。此外,本研究单因素分析还发现,APR的发生可能与较高的骨代谢标志物水平,有新发椎体骨折史,未使用他汀、维生素D、钙剂等因素有关。上述结果有类似报道,其中低25-(OH)VD被普遍认为可明显增加APR的风险[17,23-26]。因此,可能需要进一步在前瞻性研究中验证补充维生素D是否会减少ZA诱发的APR风险。
本研究发现,每年输注一次ZA的治疗长期依从性和持久性不佳。一项系统综述总结了7篇ZA研究,结果显示第2剂的持久性为34%~73%,第3剂的持久性为20%~54%,与本研究中患者ZA持续输注率较低的结果一致[27]。另外本研究结果还显示,APR并非导致长期依从性和持续性差的原因,APR很少导致治疗中断[28]。其原因可能是APR往往仅持续2~3 d,且症状多为轻症,大多数患者可通过服用非甾体抗炎药治疗或自行缓解,未造成严重不良反应,故可坚持用药。笔者推测,脆弱人群由于基础共病多,受到治疗优先方面的竞争,导致整体依从性较差。
综上所述,本研究发现,包含了脆弱人群的骨质疏松症患者首次输注ZA的APR发生率并不低,且随着输注次数的增加而逐渐下降,但对治疗的依从性及持久性影响不明显。进一步分析发现,一些可干预和不可干预的危险因素参与了APR的发生,其中高血磷水平、首次使用ZA及无口服双膦酸盐史为独立的危险因素。但是,本研究为单中心回顾性研究,且样本量较小,可能存在偏倚,因此,未来应在真实世界中开展多中心、大样本的针对可干预因素的研究,以进一步探讨APR的发生率和对治疗依从性的影响。
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2024年第49卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0246.2024.0513
  • 接收时间:2023-02-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-15
  • 录用日期:2023-04-11
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    重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌内科,重庆 400016

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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