Article(id=1198558266058961311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0947.2024.0102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689004800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1694361600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-09-11, onlineDate=1763688158764, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1722096000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688158764, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688158764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688158764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558265329152414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='7', pageStart='733', pageEnd='854', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688158589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689196450, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562618517581945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558265329152414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=790, endPage=795, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558266335785376, articleId=1198558266058961311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of standardized environmental enrichment on cognitive function and serum BDNF level in patients with post-stroke dementia, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of standardized environmental enrichment (EE) on cognitive function and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with post-stroke dementia. Methods A prospective study was conducted, including 80 patients with post-stroke dementia admitted to Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, 910th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA from January 2021 to May 2023. Patients were randomly divided into control group, cognitive training (COG) group, aerobic exercise training (AE) group and environmental enrichment (EE) group, with 20 cases in each group. All patients received routine treatment, with COG group receiving additional cognitive function training (30 minutes each time), AE group receiving additional aerobic exercise training (30 minutes each time), and EE group receiving both aerobic exercise and cognitive function training (15 minutes of aerobic exercise training and 15 minutes of cognitive training each time). The training was conducted once a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 8 weeks. The patients' mini-mental state scale (MMSE), modified Barthel index (MBI), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) score and serum levels of BDNF were assessed before treatment, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment, respectively. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in general information, MMSE, MBI, HAMD, SS-QOL scores, and serum levels of BDNF among the four groups (P>0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the above indicators of the four groups were improved compared with those before treatment, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). Inter-group comparison showed that after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, MMSE, MBI, SS-QOL scores, and serum BDNF levels in COG, AE and EE groups were significantly higher than those in control group, and HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). In addition, MMSE, MBI, SS-QOL scores and BDNF levels of group EE were better than those of other 3 groups, while HAMD scores were lower than those of other 3 groups, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in above outcome indicators between COG group and AE group after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion Standardized enrichment environment can significantly enhance cognitive function, daily living abilities of post-stroke dementia patients, alleviate depression symptoms, and improve the quality of life, which may be related to the increase in serum BDNF levels.

, correspAuthors=Wen-Jie Su, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探究标准化丰富环境(EE)对卒中后痴呆患者认知功能及血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2021年1月-2023年5月解放军联勤保障部队第910医院中医康复科收治的80例卒中后痴呆患者,随机分为对照组、认知训练(COG)组、有氧运动训练(AE)组与EE组,每组20例。4组均接受常规治疗,COG组增加认知功能训练(30 min/次),AE组增加有氧运动训练(30 min/次),EE组增加有氧运动训练(15 min/次)和认知功能训练(15 min/次);训练均为1次/d、5 d/周,持续8周。于治疗前及治疗4、8周评定患者的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、改良巴氏指数(MBI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、卒中专用生活质量(SS-QOL)评分并检测血清BDNF水平。结果 治疗前,4组患者的一般资料和MMSE、MBI、HAMD、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4、8周,4组患者的上述指标均较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较显示,治疗4、8周,COG组、AE组和EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及BDNF水平均高于对照组,HAMD评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均优于其他3组,而HAMD评分低于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COG组与AE组的上述结局指标在治疗4周和8周时比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 EE可明显增强卒中后痴呆患者的认知功能、日常生活能力,缓解抑郁情绪及提高生活质量,其潜在机制可能与血清BDNF水平升高有关。

, correspAuthors=苏文杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
苏文杰,E-mail:
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周甜甜,医学硕士,主要从事神经康复等方面的研究

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周甜甜,医学硕士,主要从事神经康复等方面的研究

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AE, Schoo C, Kalish VB. 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Brain Sci, 2021,11(8): 1103., articleTitle=Virtual reality (VR)-based environmental enrichment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198589373294932738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, awardId=XJK2216B, language=EN, fundingSource=College Project of Quanzhou Medical College(XJK2216B), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198589373378818823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, awardId=XJK2216B, language=CN, fundingSource=泉州医学高等专科学校校级课题(XJK2216B), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198589368723141194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589368731529803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, companyId=1198589368723141194, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589368735724110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, companyId=1198589368723141194, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1泉州医学高等专科学校临床医学院康复治疗学教研室,福建泉州 362000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198589368853164626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589368865747539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, companyId=1198589368853164626, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, 910th Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198589368907690581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, companyId=1198589368853164626, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军联勤保障部队第910医院中医康复科,福建泉州 362000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198589371747234543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of general clinical data among four groups of patients with post-stroke dementia (n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组COG组AE组EE组P
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)58.70±8.9757.70±8.8658.70±9.4757.85±8.310.974

性别[例(%)]

12(60.0)

8(40.0)

10(50.0)

10(50.0)

12(60.0)

8(40.0)

11(55.0)

9(45.0)

0.906
既往病史[例(%)]
高血压14(70.0)15(75.0)13(65.0)12(60.0)0.768
糖尿病8(40.0)9(45.0)7(35.0)9(45.0)0.904
吸烟8(40.0)9(45.0)9(45.0)8(40.0)0.977
受教育年限(年, $\bar{x}±s$)8.80±5.568.85±6.698.60±5.648.80±6.190.999
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)23.00±2.5123.75±2.5723.90±2.1323.40±2.580.661
病程(d, $\bar{x}±s$)39.85±5.1439.35±6.5139.95±5.7640.65±6.090.920
卒中类型 [例(%)]0.939
缺血性卒中10(50.0)11(55.0)12(60.0)11(55.0)
出血性卒中10(50.0)9(45.0)8(40.0)9(45.0)
卒中部位 [例(%)]0.908
左侧9(45.0)11(55.0)10(50.0)11(55.0)
右侧10(50.0)9(45.0)10(50.0)9(45.0)
前循环卒中 [例(%)]11(55.0)12(60.0)13(65.0)13(65.0)0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1198589372850336498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558266058961311, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4组卒中后痴呆患者一般临床资料比较(n=20)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组COG组AE组EE组P
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)58.70±8.9757.70±8.8658.70±9.4757.85±8.310.974

性别[例(%)]

12(60.0)

8(40.0)

10(50.0)

10(50.0)

12(60.0)

8(40.0)

11(55.0)

9(45.0)

0.906
既往病史[例(%)]
高血压14(70.0)15(75.0)13(65.0)12(60.0)0.768
糖尿病8(40.0)9(45.0)7(35.0)9(45.0)0.904
吸烟8(40.0)9(45.0)9(45.0)8(40.0)0.977
受教育年限(年, $\bar{x}±s$)8.80±5.568.85±6.698.60±5.648.80±6.190.999
BMI(kg/m2, $\bar{x}±s$)23.00±2.5123.75±2.5723.90±2.1323.40±2.580.661
病程(d, $\bar{x}±s$)39.85±5.1439.35±6.5139.95±5.7640.65±6.090.920
卒中类型 [例(%)]0.939
缺血性卒中10(50.0)11(55.0)12(60.0)11(55.0)
出血性卒中10(50.0)9(45.0)8(40.0)9(45.0)
卒中部位 [例(%)]0.908
左侧9(45.0)11(55.0)10(50.0)11(55.0)
右侧10(50.0)9(45.0)10(50.0)9(45.0)
前循环卒中 [例(%)]11(55.0)12(60.0)13(65.0)13(65.0)0.901
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Comparison of outcome indicators among four groups of patients with post-stroke dementia ($\bar{x}±s$)

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指标对照组COG组AE组EE组P
MMSE评分(分)
治疗前11.30±3.0811.30±2.6211.90±2.5111.25±3.290.876
治疗4周12.75±2.65(1)15.30±2.70(1)(3)(4)15.35±2.50(1)(3)(4)17.85±2.54(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周15.15±2.18(1)(2)17.30±2.13(1)(2)(3)(4)17.45±2.16(1)(2)(3)(4)19.50±2.26(1)(2)(3)<0.001
MBI评分(分)
治疗前35.50±7.7638.50±7.2737.25±8.1837.50±7.520.666
治疗4周40.00±9.46(1)49.25±9.22(1)(3)(4)50.00±8.74(1)(3)(4)60.00±10.13(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周47.75±10.58(1)(2)56.75±8.64(1)(2)(3)(4)57.75±8.67(1)(2)(3)(4)66.50±6.91(1)(2)(3)<0.001
HAMD评分(分)
治疗前12.25±3.4312.05±2.7412.70±2.5012.85±2.880.803
治疗4周10.55±3.50(1)8.20±2.14(1)(3)(4)8.10±2.29(1)(3)(4)5.50±2.14(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周8.40±1.85(1)(2)6.60±1.86(1)(2)(3)(4)6.70±1.81(1)(2)(3)(4)4.75±2.15(1)(2)(3)<0.001
SS-QOL评分(分)
治疗前62.60±9.0363.00±10.2063.10±8.4562.80±11.140.999
治疗4周68.00±9.60(1)76.25±9.67(1)(3)(4)76.45±10.11(1)(4)84.80±9.86(1)<0.001
治疗8周73.90±7.72(1)(2)82.50±10.46(1)(2)(3)(4)82.65.10±11.29(1)(2)(3)(4)91.40±11.31(1)(2)(3)<0.001
BDNF(ng/ml)
治疗前19.59±4.0318.14±3.7718.79±4.0719.48±3.360.601
治疗4周21.70±6.60(1)28.20±7.63(1)(3)(4)28.06±7.86(1)(3)(4)34.16±7.58(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周28.21±7.93(1)(2)34.77±7.54(1)(2)(3)(4)34.46±7.73(1)(2)(3)(4)40.97±6.69(1)(2)(3)<0.001
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4组卒中后痴呆患者结局指标比较($\bar{x}±s$)

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指标对照组COG组AE组EE组P
MMSE评分(分)
治疗前11.30±3.0811.30±2.6211.90±2.5111.25±3.290.876
治疗4周12.75±2.65(1)15.30±2.70(1)(3)(4)15.35±2.50(1)(3)(4)17.85±2.54(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周15.15±2.18(1)(2)17.30±2.13(1)(2)(3)(4)17.45±2.16(1)(2)(3)(4)19.50±2.26(1)(2)(3)<0.001
MBI评分(分)
治疗前35.50±7.7638.50±7.2737.25±8.1837.50±7.520.666
治疗4周40.00±9.46(1)49.25±9.22(1)(3)(4)50.00±8.74(1)(3)(4)60.00±10.13(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周47.75±10.58(1)(2)56.75±8.64(1)(2)(3)(4)57.75±8.67(1)(2)(3)(4)66.50±6.91(1)(2)(3)<0.001
HAMD评分(分)
治疗前12.25±3.4312.05±2.7412.70±2.5012.85±2.880.803
治疗4周10.55±3.50(1)8.20±2.14(1)(3)(4)8.10±2.29(1)(3)(4)5.50±2.14(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周8.40±1.85(1)(2)6.60±1.86(1)(2)(3)(4)6.70±1.81(1)(2)(3)(4)4.75±2.15(1)(2)(3)<0.001
SS-QOL评分(分)
治疗前62.60±9.0363.00±10.2063.10±8.4562.80±11.140.999
治疗4周68.00±9.60(1)76.25±9.67(1)(3)(4)76.45±10.11(1)(4)84.80±9.86(1)<0.001
治疗8周73.90±7.72(1)(2)82.50±10.46(1)(2)(3)(4)82.65.10±11.29(1)(2)(3)(4)91.40±11.31(1)(2)(3)<0.001
BDNF(ng/ml)
治疗前19.59±4.0318.14±3.7718.79±4.0719.48±3.360.601
治疗4周21.70±6.60(1)28.20±7.63(1)(3)(4)28.06±7.86(1)(3)(4)34.16±7.58(1)(3)<0.001
治疗8周28.21±7.93(1)(2)34.77±7.54(1)(2)(3)(4)34.46±7.73(1)(2)(3)(4)40.97±6.69(1)(2)(3)<0.001
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标准化丰富环境对卒中后痴呆患者认知功能和血清BDNF水平的影响
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周甜甜 1 , 苏文杰 2, * , 林友聪 2 , 陈毕能 2 , 连松勇 2
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(7): 790-795
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(7): 790-795
标准化丰富环境对卒中后痴呆患者认知功能和血清BDNF水平的影响
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周甜甜1, 苏文杰2, * , 林友聪2, 陈毕能2, 连松勇2
作者信息
  • 1泉州医学高等专科学校临床医学院康复治疗学教研室,福建泉州 362000
  • 2解放军联勤保障部队第910医院中医康复科,福建泉州 362000
  • 周甜甜,医学硕士,主要从事神经康复等方面的研究

通讯作者:

苏文杰,E-mail:
Effects of standardized environmental enrichment on cognitive function and serum BDNF level in patients with post-stroke dementia
Tian-Tian Zhou1, Wen-Jie Su2, * , You-Cong Lin2, Bi-Neng Chen2, Song-Yong Lian2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
  • 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, 910th Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
出版时间: 2024-07-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0947.2024.0102
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目的 探究标准化丰富环境(EE)对卒中后痴呆患者认知功能及血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2021年1月-2023年5月解放军联勤保障部队第910医院中医康复科收治的80例卒中后痴呆患者,随机分为对照组、认知训练(COG)组、有氧运动训练(AE)组与EE组,每组20例。4组均接受常规治疗,COG组增加认知功能训练(30 min/次),AE组增加有氧运动训练(30 min/次),EE组增加有氧运动训练(15 min/次)和认知功能训练(15 min/次);训练均为1次/d、5 d/周,持续8周。于治疗前及治疗4、8周评定患者的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、改良巴氏指数(MBI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、卒中专用生活质量(SS-QOL)评分并检测血清BDNF水平。结果 治疗前,4组患者的一般资料和MMSE、MBI、HAMD、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4、8周,4组患者的上述指标均较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较显示,治疗4、8周,COG组、AE组和EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及BDNF水平均高于对照组,HAMD评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均优于其他3组,而HAMD评分低于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COG组与AE组的上述结局指标在治疗4周和8周时比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 EE可明显增强卒中后痴呆患者的认知功能、日常生活能力,缓解抑郁情绪及提高生活质量,其潜在机制可能与血清BDNF水平升高有关。

丰富环境  /  卒中后痴呆  /  认知功能  /  脑源性神经营养因子

Objective To explore the effects of standardized environmental enrichment (EE) on cognitive function and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with post-stroke dementia. Methods A prospective study was conducted, including 80 patients with post-stroke dementia admitted to Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, 910th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA from January 2021 to May 2023. Patients were randomly divided into control group, cognitive training (COG) group, aerobic exercise training (AE) group and environmental enrichment (EE) group, with 20 cases in each group. All patients received routine treatment, with COG group receiving additional cognitive function training (30 minutes each time), AE group receiving additional aerobic exercise training (30 minutes each time), and EE group receiving both aerobic exercise and cognitive function training (15 minutes of aerobic exercise training and 15 minutes of cognitive training each time). The training was conducted once a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 8 weeks. The patients' mini-mental state scale (MMSE), modified Barthel index (MBI), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) score and serum levels of BDNF were assessed before treatment, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment, respectively. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in general information, MMSE, MBI, HAMD, SS-QOL scores, and serum levels of BDNF among the four groups (P>0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the above indicators of the four groups were improved compared with those before treatment, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). Inter-group comparison showed that after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, MMSE, MBI, SS-QOL scores, and serum BDNF levels in COG, AE and EE groups were significantly higher than those in control group, and HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). In addition, MMSE, MBI, SS-QOL scores and BDNF levels of group EE were better than those of other 3 groups, while HAMD scores were lower than those of other 3 groups, with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in above outcome indicators between COG group and AE group after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion Standardized enrichment environment can significantly enhance cognitive function, daily living abilities of post-stroke dementia patients, alleviate depression symptoms, and improve the quality of life, which may be related to the increase in serum BDNF levels.

environmental enrichment  /  post-stroke dementia  /  cognitive function  /  BDNF
周甜甜, 苏文杰, 林友聪, 陈毕能, 连松勇. 标准化丰富环境对卒中后痴呆患者认知功能和血清BDNF水平的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (7) : 790 -795 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0947.2024.0102
Tian-Tian Zhou, Wen-Jie Su, You-Cong Lin, Bi-Neng Chen, Song-Yong Lian. Effects of standardized environmental enrichment on cognitive function and serum BDNF level in patients with post-stroke dementia[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (7) : 790 -795 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0947.2024.0102
血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)是指卒中及慢性脑低灌注等脑血管疾病所致的严重认知功能障碍综合征[1-2],约占所有痴呆类型的20%[3]。随着老年人口的不断增加,VD日益成为重要的公共卫生问题。尽管已开展多种治疗方法来阻断或减缓VD的进展,但并未明显改善患者的临床症状或生活质量。因此,探索可预防或治疗VD的新型干预措施具有重要的社会意义。丰富环境(environmental enrichment,EE)是一种典型的行为干预措施,已在多种动物疾病模型中表现出对大脑损伤和行为缺陷的有益作用[4],但如何将基础研究中的EE转化到临床,尚处于探索阶段。EE是多种干预因素的复合体,包括运动、认知、感觉和社会交往等。运动、认知功能训练和社会交往均有利于改善卒中后痴呆患者的认知功能,且有效的联合可能产生更多的益处,如何将这三者合理联用,构建标准化的EE是亟待解决的问题。脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)是一种可促进神经元存活和突触完整性的神经营养成分[5],主要在海马体和大脑皮质等区域表达,可促进记忆储存和神经保护[6-8]。目前,卒中后痴呆患者认知康复的作用机制与BDNF的相关性仍然未知。本研究观察EE对卒中后痴呆患者血清BDNF水平、认知功能、日常生活活动、抑郁情况和生活质量等方面的作用,旨在为构建临床标准化EE和卒中后痴呆的治疗提供新思路。
前瞻性连续纳入2021年1月-2023年5月解放军联勤保障部队第910医院中医康复科收治的卒中后痴呆患者80例。
(1)纳入标准:①符合中华医学会神经病学分会制定的脑卒中诊断标准[9],且经颅脑CT或MRI检查确诊;②符合简易精神状态检查(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分标准:文盲≤17分、小学≤20分、中学(包括中专)≤22分、大学(包括大专)≤23分提示存在认知功能障碍;③认知功能障碍发生在卒中后≤6个月,且持续≥3个月;④年龄≥18岁,既往无卒中史;⑤有足够的心肺功能进行有氧运动;⑥能够带或不带辅助器具行走;⑦患者及其家属熟悉本研究的试验设计与流程,并签署知情同意书。
(2)排除标准:①语言表达和理解障碍;②合并恶性肿瘤;③合并精神分裂症或癫痫;④合并严重感染性疾病;⑤合并其他心、脑血管疾病史。
(3)剔除及脱落标准:①试验过程中再次出现脑卒中或病情加重;②未遵照医嘱执行,或相关资料不完整;③个人原因要求退出。
将卒中后痴呆患者80例通过计算机随机分为对照组、认知训练(cognitive training,COG)组、有氧运动训练(aerobic exercise training,AE)组和EE组,每组20例。本研究方案获得泉州医学高等专科学校医学伦理委员会批准(2022015)。
(1)4组患者均接受常规治疗,主要是脑卒中的二级预防,通过使用常规治疗药物来营养神经,控制血压、血糖、血脂,并改善脑循环。(2)COG组在常规治疗基础上增加认知训练,采用计算机辅助认知功能康复训练系统针对性训练患者的各项认知功能,包括记忆力、注意力、计算力、定向力、空间感知能力和逻辑思维能力等;认知训练结束后,每天安排一段时间让同组患者坐在一起讨论当天的收获与心得。(3)AE组增加有氧运动训练,内容为渐进性阻力固定踏车训练,参与者先进行5 min热身,再进行20 min抗阻有氧运动训练,最后休息5 min;有氧运动期间的目标心率是患者最大心率的40%~70%,计算公式为,目标心率=208-0.7×年龄[10];整个训练过程需要患者家属或护工陪同,以免发生跌倒等不良事件;有氧运动训练结束后,每天安排一段时间让同组患者坐在一起讨论当天的收获与心得。(4)EE组增加EE干预,内容为有氧运动和计算机辅助认知功能训练相结合的训练,包括有氧运动和认知训练各15 min。有氧运动训练要求患者热身3 min,然后进行10 min的有氧抗阻运动,最后休息2 min,有氧运动的强度与AE组相同;有氧运动结束后,进行15 min认知功能训练,具体操作同COG组;有氧运动和认知训练结束后,每天另安排一段时间让同组患者坐在一起讨论当天的收获与心得。除对照组外,3组患者的训练时间均为30 min/次、1次/d、5 d/周,共持续8周。
收集并比较4组患者治疗前的一般资料,包括年龄、性别、既往病史(高血压、糖尿病)、吸烟史(连续或累积吸烟≥6个月)、文化程度、体重指数(BMI)、卒中病程、卒中类型、卒中部位、前循环卒中等。
治疗前和治疗8周时分别评估4组患者的认知功能、日常生活活动能力、抑郁程度和生活质量,并检测患者血清BDNF水平。量表评估全程由一名经过培训的治疗师进行,生化指标检测由一名专业的基础实验员进行,两名评估人员均不清楚试验设计分组且不参与试验干预过程。
(1)认知功能:采用MMSE评估患者的认知功能。MMSE评估内容包括定向力、记忆力、注意力、计算力、回忆和语言能力,满分为30分,分值越高提示痴呆程度越轻。由于该量表测验的内容与文化程度具有相关性,因此,痴呆标准因学历不同而不同:≤17分(文盲)、≤20分(小学)、≤22分(中学包括中专)或≤23分(大学包括大专)。
(2)日常生活活动能力:采用改良巴氏指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评估患者的日常生活活动能力。MBI是由巴氏指数发展而来,评估内容包括大便、小便、修饰、用厕、吃饭、转移、活动、穿衣、上楼梯和洗澡10个方面,满分100分,且患者的生活自理能力与评分分值成正比。
(3)抑郁程度:采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)(17项版本)评估患者的抑郁情况。该量表每个问题评分为0~4分五个等级,分别为无(0分)、轻度(1分)、中度(2分)、重度(3分)、极重度(4分)。总评分<7分为正常,7~17分表示可能有抑郁,>17分为患有抑郁症。
(4)生活质量:采用卒中专用生活质量(stroke-specific quality of life,SS-QOL)量表进行评估。该量表覆盖面广、针对性强,具有较好的信度和效度;量表共49项,涉及语言、体能、活动能力、家庭角色、上肢功能、个性、工作能力、自理、思想、视力、社会角色和心情等12个方面,总分245分,分值越低提示生活质量越差。
(5)血清BDNF水平:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清BDNF水平。ELISA试剂盒购自上海信裕生物科技有限公司(XY-H0010c)。按照试剂盒说明书操作:取患者3 ml血液,收集在采样管中,2500 r/min离心15 min,将采集的血液及分离的血清储存在超低温冰箱中备用。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,方差齐时多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Turkey事后检验;方差不齐时采用非参数秩和检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
4组卒中后痴呆患者的一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
组内治疗前后比较,4组患者治疗4周和8周时的MMSE、MBI、HAMD、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05);治疗8周时的MMSE、MBI、HAMD、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均较治疗4周时明显改善(P<0.05,表2)。
组间比较结果显示,治疗前4组患者的MMSE、MBI、HAMD、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗4周和8周COG组、AE组和EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均高于对照组,HAMD评分均低于对照组,且EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均优于其余3组,而HAMD评分低于其余3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);此外,COG组与AE组的上述结局指标在治疗4周和8周比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
卒中治疗与管理的进步明显延长了卒中患者的寿命,但卒中后遗留的认知障碍会严重影响患者的日常生活能力、心理状态,并降低生活质量[11]。本研究将有氧运动训练、认知功能训练及社会交往等多种因素结合,构建了一个标准化EE,并将其应用于卒中后痴呆患者;结果显示,经过8周治疗,卒中后痴呆患者的认知功能、日常生活能力、抑郁情绪及生活质量均较治疗前明显改善或缓解,提示标准化EE有望成为增强患者认知功能、日常生活能力及改善情绪的有效治疗手段之一。
本研究结果显示,经过8周治疗,COG组、AE组和EE组患者的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及血清BDNF水平均明显高于对照组,HAMD评分明显低于对照组;且EE组的MMSE、MBI、SS-QOL评分及BDNF水平均优于其余3组;而HAMD评分低于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义。可能的原因如下:(1)有氧运动有助于增强认知功能,其作用机制可能包括两方面,一是有氧运动可提高觉醒水平并缓解抑郁症状,二是神经营养因子和血管生长因子的上调可促进海马和其他认知相关皮质区域的神经发生、血管生成和突触可塑性[10]。(2)认知功能训练可增强认知功能,但其对于抑郁情绪和生物标志物的影响尚不清楚。(3)已有研究指出积极的社会互动是改善情绪、认知和生活质量的重要因素[12]。因此,联合采用有氧运动、认知功能训练和社会交往的EE组干预效果优于单一的对照组、COG组及AE组。
BDNF是神经营养因子家族的关键成员之一,对神经系统的发育至关重要。本研究结果显示,治疗4周和8周后,EE组的血清BDNF水平明显高于对照组、COG组及AE组。其原因可能是在脑缺血和缺氧的情况下,BDNF可通过抑制细胞凋亡来保护脑细胞,进而改善患者的认知功能[13]。多项基础和临床研究显示,体育锻炼和认知刺激可促进BDNF表达[14-16],而BDNF是有氧运动改善认知功能的关键介质[17];本课题组前期的相关研究结果也显示,28 d的EE干预可促进VD大鼠海马区BDNF的表达,且BDNF水平与认知功能呈正相关[18- 19]。以上结果提示,BDNF可能参与了标准化EE提高卒中后痴呆患者认知功能的相关机制。
目前基础和临床研究中,EE的构建尚存在较多不同的做法。EE在基础研究中的应用较多,虽然各个研究的EE设置不同,但基本包含了运动、感觉、认知和社会交往等多种刺激。然而,由于很难在临床过程中构建一个同时满足以上多种刺激的EF,其向临床转化面临的困难较多,相关的临床研究报道也较少。国内学者的EE设置多倾向于将多种康复治疗方法相结合,例如,邹陈君[20]认为运动、拼图、音乐、阅读、打麻将等的结合就是一种EE。基于这种理念,本课题组前期研究将运动治疗、拼图游戏及音乐治疗结合应用于卒中后痴呆患者,结果显示这种类型的EE可明显增强患者的认知功能,提高生活质量和缓解抑郁情绪[21]。国外学者也开展了部分EE相关的临床研究。意大利的一项临床试验将EE定义为多模式训练,训练内容包括认知和有氧运动训练(与本研究的EE设置类似,只是有氧运动、认知训练和社会交往包含的具体内容有所差异),结果显示,此种类型的标准化EE可有效改善VD患者的认知功能、生活质量、日常生活活动能力及抑郁情绪,且这些方面的改善可能与BDNF上调有关[22]。构建临床标准化EE的困难之一是缺少空间和场地,如果场地充足,未来可构建一个像Amatya等[23]研究中的EE,即独立于病房之外的“活动中心”;该中心可针对卒中后痴呆患者身体、社会和精神等多个方面的康复需求,提供多样化的EE训练活动。当然,随着持续的科技进步,有研究指出可在有限的场所通过虚拟现实技术实现EE的构建[24],这也是未来将EE推广至临床的重要助力。
本研究在前期研究的基础上,进一步探索临床标准化EE的构建,并观察了EE的组成元件有氧运动和认知训练对于卒中后痴呆患者的作用,结果显示,EE有助于改善卒中后痴呆患者的认知功能、日常生活活动能力、生活质量,提高血清BDNF水平及缓解抑郁情绪。本研究也存在以下不足:(1)由于VD涉及的种类较多,本研究仅纳入了卒中后的痴呆患者,对于其他类型痴呆的作用尚不清楚;(2)每组的样本量较小,未来可开展多中心研究,以提高试验结果的可靠性和准确性;(3)标准化EE的构建尚存在争议,未来需要更多的研究进行验证。
  • 泉州医学高等专科学校校级课题(XJK2216B)
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2024年第49卷第7期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0947.2024.0102
  • 接收时间:2023-07-11
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-11
  • 录用日期:2023-09-11
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College Project of Quanzhou Medical College(XJK2216B)
泉州医学高等专科学校校级课题(XJK2216B)
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    1泉州医学高等专科学校临床医学院康复治疗学教研室,福建泉州 362000
    2解放军联勤保障部队第910医院中医康复科,福建泉州 362000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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