Article(id=1198558169900352258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558165093675863, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691942400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1696608000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-10-07, onlineDate=1763688135837, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1724774400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688135837, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688135837, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688135837, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558165093675863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='8', pageStart='855', pageEnd='976', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688134691, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689174168, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562525043327039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558165093675863, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562525043327040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558165093675863, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=965, endPage=972, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558170181370638, articleId=1198558169900352258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Advances in the study of linezolid-related adverse reactions of blood and metabolic system, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Linezolid, a fully synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic, is mainly used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, with the rise in drug-resistant bacteria, the clinical utilization rate of linezolid and the incidence of linezolid-related adverse reactions in the hematological system and metabolic system have increased. The main adverse reactions include thrombocytopenia, anemia and lactic acidosis. Studies have shown that the causes of adverse reactions in linezolid-induced hematological system and metabolic system are diverse, and the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this review, the pharmacokinetic characteristics, mechanism of adverse reactions, risk factors, as well as preventive measures and individualized drug administration strategies of linezolid in vivo were discussed based on literature reports at home and abroad, aiming to provide references for clinical prevention and treatment of linezolid-related adverse reactions of hematological system and metabolic system.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Feng Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-Qiang Gou, Qian Li, Dong-Feng Yin, Xiao-Feng Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198558170948928305, articleId=1198558169900352258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应研究进展, columnId=1190243276029530637, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利奈唑胺是全合成的噁唑烷酮类抗菌药物,主要用于治疗由革兰阳性耐药菌引起的重症感染。近年来,随着耐药菌的增多,利奈唑胺临床使用率及其相关的血液及代谢系统不良反应发生率也增高,其相关不良反应主要有血小板减少、贫血和乳酸酸中毒等。研究显示利奈唑胺引起血液系统及代谢系统不良反应的诱因多样且发生机制尚未完全阐明。本文结合近期国内外文献报道,探讨利奈唑胺的体内药代动力学特点、不良反应发生机制与危险因素,以及预防措施和个体化给药策略等,以期为利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应的临床防治提供参考。

, correspAuthors=王晓锋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王晓锋,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/vqv8d7XUj4UjVG9UQ4qAg==, magXml=nlPN2UIF3H3GufywSGofxA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FUELJTxmSkoJYRORvm09zw==, pdfFileSize=1556969, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=NmhIYQK+VvO/bwXAcJEipQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aNlm8tjhCdtrvqcKFOi1jg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

苟军强,硕士研究生,主要从事临床药学及药物评价等方面的研究

, authorsList=苟军强, 李倩, 尹东锋, 王晓锋)}, authors=[Author(id=1198558171682931534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198558171829732185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558171682931534, language=EN, stringName=Jun-Qiang Gou, firstName=Jun-Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=Gou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198558171922006879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558171682931534, language=CN, stringName=苟军强, firstName=军强, middleName=null, lastName=苟, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1石河子大学药学院,新疆石河子 832003
2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000, bio={"content":"

苟军强,硕士研究生,主要从事临床药学及药物评价等方面的研究

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

苟军强,硕士研究生,主要从事临床药学及药物评价等方面的研究

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198558171469022017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171477410626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171469022017, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171485799235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171469022017, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1石河子大学药学院,新疆石河子 832003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198558171573879623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171582268232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171590656841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000)])]), Author(id=1198558172073001831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198558172173665133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558172073001831, language=EN, stringName=Qian Li, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198558172282717044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558172073001831, language=CN, stringName=李倩, firstName=倩, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198558171573879623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171582268232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171590656841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000)])]), Author(id=1198558172379186045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198558172509209477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558172379186045, language=EN, stringName=Dong-Feng Yin, firstName=Dong-Feng, middleName=null, lastName=Yin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198558173662643085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558172379186045, language=CN, stringName=尹东锋, firstName=东锋, middleName=null, lastName=尹, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198558171573879623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171582268232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171590656841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000)])]), Author(id=1198558173759112087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wxf_amms@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198558173889135517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558173759112087, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-Feng Wang, firstName=Xiao-Feng, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198558174035936164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, authorId=1198558173759112087, language=CN, stringName=王晓锋, firstName=晓锋, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198558171573879623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171582268232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171590656841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198558174153376682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=linezolid), Keyword(id=1198558174254039984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=blood), Keyword(id=1198558174342120378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=metabolism), Keyword(id=1198558174455366597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=adverse reaction), Keyword(id=1198558174560224202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=individualized drug administration), Keyword(id=1198558174648304591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=利奈唑胺), Keyword(id=1198558174769939414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=血液), Keyword(id=1198558174866408411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=代谢), Keyword(id=1198558174979654625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=不良反应), Keyword(id=1198558175071929321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=个体化给药)], refs=[Reference(id=1198558175797542933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=8, pageStart=821, pageEnd=825, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王梦琴, 王聪, 刘肖, journalName=临床军医杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王梦琴, 王聪, 刘肖, 等. 急性胰腺炎并发腹腔感染病原菌分布及其影响因素分析[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2023, 51(8): 821-825., articleTitle=急性胰腺炎并发腹腔感染病原菌分布及其影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558175885623319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=105, issue=36, pageStart=13339, pageEnd=13344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Wilson DN, Schluenzen F, Harms JM, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wilson DN, Schluenzen F, Harms JM, et al. The oxazolidinone antibiotics perturb the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center and effect tRNA positioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2008, 105(36): 13339-13344., articleTitle=The oxazolidinone antibiotics perturb the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center and effect tRNA positioning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558175990480923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=375, pageEnd=380, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Komatsu T, Nakamura M, Uchiyama K, journalName=J Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Komatsu T, Nakamura M, Uchiyama K, et al. Initial trough concentration may be beneficial in preventing linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia[J]. J Chemother, 2022, 34(6): 375-380., articleTitle=Initial trough concentration may be beneficial in preventing linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176065978401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=842, pageEnd=846, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=李想, 李萍, 李建杰, journalName=新乡医学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李想, 李萍, 李建杰. 细菌性肺炎患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析[J]. 新乡医学院学报, 2022, 39(9): 842-846., articleTitle=细菌性肺炎患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176149864490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=8, pageStart=814, pageEnd=817, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=孟庆彩, 王卫红, 陈爱地, journalName=临床军医杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟庆彩, 王卫红, 陈爱地, 等. 2014-2020年血液病伴中性粒细胞减少患者血流感染病原菌耐药性及预后因素分析[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2023, 51(8): 814-817., articleTitle=2014-2020年血液病伴中性粒细胞减少患者血流感染病原菌耐药性及预后因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176258916398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=5, pageStart=530, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Thirot H, Briquet C, Frippiat F, journalName=Antibiotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thirot H, Briquet C, Frippiat F, et al. Clinical use and adverse drug reactions of linezolid: a retrospective study in four Belgian hospital centers[J]. Antibiotics, 2021, 10(5): 530., articleTitle=Clinical use and adverse drug reactions of linezolid: a retrospective study in four Belgian hospital centers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176326025267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=101159, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Luo S, Luo Q, Gao X, journalName=Respir Med Case Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo S, Luo Q, Gao X, et al. Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid[J]. Respir Med Case Rep, 2020, 31(7): 101159., articleTitle=Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176422494266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=15, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Kronen T, Agrawal A, Reddy P, journalName=Cureus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kronen T, Agrawal A, Reddy P. Acute onset lactic acidosis secondary to linezolid[J]. Cureus, 2023, 15(3): e35891., articleTitle=Acute onset lactic acidosis secondary to linezolid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176544129088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=517, pageEnd=520, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Bernstein WB, Trotta RF, Rector JT, journalName=Ann Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bernstein WB, Trotta RF, Rector JT, et al. Mechanisms for linezolid-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia[J]. Ann Pharmacother, 2003, 37(4): 517-520., articleTitle=Mechanisms for linezolid-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176648986693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=286, issue=16, pageStart=1973, pageEnd=1974, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Lawyer MC, Lawyer EZ, journalName=JAMA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lawyer MC, Lawyer EZ. Linezolid and reversible myelosuppression[J]. JAMA, 2001, 286(16): 1973-1974., articleTitle=Linezolid and reversible myelosuppression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176753844297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=135, issue=null, pageStart=110916, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Fromenty B, journalName=Food Chem Toxicol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fromenty B. Alteration of mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in drug-induced liver injury[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2020, 135: 110916., articleTitle=Alteration of mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in drug-induced liver injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176858701906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=807, pageEnd=813, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Dai YJ, Shu YC, Xiao OH, journalName=J Clin Pharm Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dai YJ, Shu YC, Xiao OH, et al. Analysis of the risk factors of linezolid-related haematological toxicity in Chinese patients[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2021, 46(3): 807-813., articleTitle=Analysis of the risk factors of linezolid-related haematological toxicity in Chinese patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558176988725333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=777, pageEnd=781, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Pratama N, Zulkarnain BS, Soedarsono, journalName=J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pratama N, Zulkarnain BS, Soedarsono, et al. Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy[J]. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2021, 32(4): 777-781., articleTitle=Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178133770328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=97, issue=36, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Mao Y, Dai D, Jin H, journalName=Medicine (Baltimore), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao Y, Dai D, Jin H, et al. The risk factors of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis: a case report and review[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(36): e12114., articleTitle=The risk factors of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis: a case report and review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178234433628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=16, issue=7, pageStart=553, pageEnd=559, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Kishor K, Dhasmana N, Kamble SS, journalName=Curr Drug Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kishor K, Dhasmana N, Kamble SS, et al. Linezolid induced adverse drug reactions - an update[J]. Curr Drug Metab, 2015, 16(7): 553-559., articleTitle=Linezolid induced adverse drug reactions - an update, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178343485537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=28, issue=9, pageStart=1014, pageEnd=1017, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Wynalda MA, Hauer MJ, Wienkers LC, journalName=Drug Metab Dispos, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wynalda MA, Hauer MJ, Wienkers LC. Oxidation of the novel oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid in human liver microsomes[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2000, 28(9): 1014-1017., articleTitle=Oxidation of the novel oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid in human liver microsomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178452537448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=79, issue=1, pageStart=149, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Liao R, Dong Y, Chen L, journalName=Eur J Clin Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao R, Dong Y, Chen L, et al. A standard dose of linezolid puts patients with hepatic impairment at risk of overexposure[J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2023, 79(1): 149-157., articleTitle=A standard dose of linezolid puts patients with hepatic impairment at risk of overexposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178519646317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=275, pageEnd=281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=孟丹丹, 陈利红, 董亚琳, journalName=中国感染与化疗杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟丹丹, 陈利红, 董亚琳, 等. 肝损伤患者利奈唑胺的治疗药物监测[J]. 中国感染与化疗杂志, 2021, 21(3): 275-281., articleTitle=肝损伤患者利奈唑胺的治疗药物监测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178595143793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=732, pageEnd=739, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Lu Q, Sonia MB, Rosana EE, journalName=Ther Drug Monit, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu Q, Sonia MB, Rosana EE, et al. Linezolid dosing in patients with liver cirrhosis: standard dosing risk toxicity[J]. Ther Drug Monit, 2019, 41(6): 732-739., articleTitle=Linezolid dosing in patients with liver cirrhosis: standard dosing risk toxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178658058357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=2775, pageEnd=2780, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Brier ME, Stalker DJ, Aronoff GR, journalName=Antimicrob Agents Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brier ME, Stalker DJ, Aronoff GR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of linezolid in subjects with renal dysfunction[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2003, 47(9): 2775-2780., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics of linezolid in subjects with renal dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178737750137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=64, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Souza E, Crass RL, Felton J, journalName=Antimicrob Agents Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Souza E, Crass RL, Felton J, et al. Accumulation of major linezolid metabolites in patients with renal impairment[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2020, 64(5): e00027-20., articleTitle=Accumulation of major linezolid metabolites in patients with renal impairment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178813247610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=24, pageStart=2655, pageEnd=2659, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=续广娟, 徐金慧, 石璐, journalName=中国医院药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=续广娟, 徐金慧, 石璐, 等. 肾功能不全对利奈唑胺代谢物浓度及血小板减少的影响分析[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2022, 42(24): 2655-2659., articleTitle=肾功能不全对利奈唑胺代谢物浓度及血小板减少的影响分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178897133693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Ahmad S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahmad S. 人细胞色素P450酶CYP1A1和CYP2A7对利奈唑胺的代谢作用[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2020., articleTitle=人细胞色素P450酶CYP1A1和CYP2A7对利奈唑胺的代谢作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558178989408386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=139, issue=null, pageStart=111631, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Cheli S, Fusi M, Silvestri AD, journalName=Biomed Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheli S, Fusi M, Silvestri AD, et al. In linezolid underexposure, pharmacogenetics matters: the role of CYP3A5[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2021, 139: 111631., articleTitle=In linezolid underexposure, pharmacogenetics matters: the role of CYP3A5, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179077488774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=67, issue=8, pageStart=2034, pageEnd=2042, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Pea F, Viale P, Cojutti P, journalName=J Antimicrob Chemoth, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pea F, Viale P, Cojutti P, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring may improve safety outcomes of long-term treatment with linezolid in adult patients[J]. J Antimicrob Chemoth, 2012, 67(8): 2034-2042., articleTitle=Therapeutic drug monitoring may improve safety outcomes of long-term treatment with linezolid in adult patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179358507151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=73, issue=6, pageStart=195, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Chen C, Guo DH, Cao X, journalName=Curr Ther Res Clin E, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen C, Guo DH, Cao X, et al. Risk factors for thrombocytopenia in adult Chinese patients receiving linezolid therapy[J]. Curr Ther Res Clin E, 2012, 73(6): 195-206., articleTitle=Risk factors for thrombocytopenia in adult Chinese patients receiving linezolid therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179501113494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=13, issue=10, pageStart=886, pageEnd=891, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Kl EK, Bulut C, Snmezer MA, journalName=J Infect Dev Countr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kl EK, Bulut C, Snmezer MA, et al. Risk factors for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia and negative effect of carbapenem combination[J]. J Infect Dev Countr, 2019, 13(10): 886-891., articleTitle=Risk factors for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia and negative effect of carbapenem combination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179572416663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=张琪, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张琪. 饮食对利奈唑胺药代动力学行为影响的研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2019., articleTitle=饮食对利奈唑胺药代动力学行为影响的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179643719835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=85, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Oehadian A, Santoso P, Menzies D, journalName=Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oehadian A, Santoso P, Menzies D, et al. Concise clinical review of hematologic toxicity of linezolid in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: role of mitochondria[J]. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), 2022, 85(2): 111-121., articleTitle=Concise clinical review of hematologic toxicity of linezolid in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: role of mitochondria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179710828700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=77, issue=10, pageStart=2190, pageEnd=2199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Chong BH, Du XP, Berndt MC, journalName=Blood, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chong BH, Du XP, Berndt MC, et al. Characterization of the binding domains on platelet glycoproteins Ⅰb-Ⅸ and Ⅱb/Ⅲa complexes for the quinine/quinidine-dependent antibodies[J]. Blood, 1991, 77(10): 2190-2199., articleTitle=Characterization of the binding domains on platelet glycoproteins Ⅰb-Ⅸ and Ⅱb/Ⅲa complexes for the quinine/quinidine-dependent antibodies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179811492002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=79, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Warkentin TE, Chong BH, Greinacher A, journalName=Thromb Haemost, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Warkentin TE, Chong BH, Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: towards consensus[J]. Thromb Haemost, 1998, 79(1): 1-7., articleTitle=Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: towards consensus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558179924738211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=83, issue=11, pageStart=3232, pageEnd=3239, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Kelton JG, Smith JW, Warkentin TE, journalName=Blood, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kelton JG, Smith JW, Warkentin TE, et al. Immunoglobulin G from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia binds to a complex of heparin and platelet factor 4[J]. Blood, 1994, 83(11): 3232-3239., articleTitle=Immunoglobulin G from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia binds to a complex of heparin and platelet factor 4, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180046373033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=286, issue=16, pageStart=1973, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Abena PA, Mathieux VG, Scheiff JM, journalName=JAMA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abena PA, Mathieux VG, Scheiff JM, et al. Linezolid and reversible myelosuppression[J]. JAMA, 2001, 286(16): 1973., articleTitle=Linezolid and reversible myelosuppression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180126064811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=62, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Milosevic TV, Payen VL, Sonveaux P, journalName=Antimicrob Agents Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Milosevic TV, Payen VL, Sonveaux P, et al. Mitochondrial alterations (inhibition of mitochondrial protein expression, oxidative metabolism and ultrastructure) induced by linezolid and tedizolid at clinically-relevant concentrations in cultured human HL-60 promyelocytes and THP-1 monocytes[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2017, 62(3): e01599-17., articleTitle=Mitochondrial alterations (inhibition of mitochondrial protein expression, oxidative metabolism and ultrastructure) induced by linezolid and tedizolid at clinically-relevant concentrations in cultured human HL-60 promyelocytes and THP-1 monocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180226728112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=353, issue=21, pageStart=2305, pageEnd=2306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Soriano A, Miro O, Mensa J, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Soriano A, Miro O, Mensa J. Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid[J]. N Engl J Med, 2005, 353(21): 2305-2306., articleTitle=Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180298031282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=25, issue=12, pageStart=1408, pageEnd=1413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=张乃菊, 陈天平, 黄睿, journalName=中国临床药理学与治疗学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张乃菊, 陈天平, 黄睿, 等. 利奈唑胺致乳酸酸中毒研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2020, 25(12): 1408-1413., articleTitle=利奈唑胺致乳酸酸中毒研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180390305972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=27, issue=7, pageStart=504, pageEnd=508, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Lam S, journalName=Consult Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lam S. Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia[J]. Consult Pharm, 2012, 27(7): 504-508., articleTitle=Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180495163574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=67, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Wang TL, Guo DH, Bai Y, journalName=Clin Drug Investig, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang TL, Guo DH, Bai Y, et al. Thrombocytopenia in patients receiving prolonged linezolid may be caused by oxidative stress[J]. Clin Drug Investig, 2016, 36(1): 67-75., articleTitle=Thrombocytopenia in patients receiving prolonged linezolid may be caused by oxidative stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180595826874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=67, issue=6, pageStart=433, pageEnd=437, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Wang T, Guo D, Dong X, journalName=J Antibiot (Tokyo), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang T, Guo D, Dong X, et al. Effect of linezolid on hematological and oxidative parameters in rats[J]. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2014, 67(6): 433-437., articleTitle=Effect of linezolid on hematological and oxidative parameters in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180700684479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=345, pageEnd=351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Lin YH, Wu VC, Tsai IJ, journalName=Int J Antimicrob Ag, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin YH, Wu VC, Tsai IJ, et al. High frequency of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia among patients with renal insufficiency[J]. Int J Antimicrob Ag, 2006, 28(4): 345-351., articleTitle=High frequency of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia among patients with renal insufficiency, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180822319299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=47, issue=6, pageStart=588, pageEnd=591, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=陈晓孩, 黄春燕, 张伟, journalName=江苏医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈晓孩, 黄春燕, 张伟, 等. 利奈唑胺抗感染治疗肾功能不全患者的血液学毒性[J]. 江苏医药, 2021, 47(6): 588-591., articleTitle=利奈唑胺抗感染治疗肾功能不全患者的血液学毒性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558180918788295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=63, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Crass RL, Cojutti PG, Pai MP, journalName=Antimicrob Agents Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Crass RL, Cojutti PG, Pai MP, et al. Reappraisal of linezolid dosing in renal impairment to improve safety[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2019, 63(8): e00605-19., articleTitle=Reappraisal of linezolid dosing in renal impairment to improve safety, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558181015257290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=8, pageStart=777, pageEnd=782, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=刘彦鑫, 刘婷婷, 魏歌, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘彦鑫, 刘婷婷, 魏歌, 等. 利奈唑胺相关血小板减少症的危险因素分析及其风险预测模型的建立[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(8): 777-782., articleTitle=利奈唑胺相关血小板减少症的危险因素分析及其风险预测模型的建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558181086560459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=70, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Tsuji Y, Hiraki Y, Matsumoto K, journalName=J Infect Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tsuji Y, Hiraki Y, Matsumoto K, et al. Thrombocytopenia and anemia caused by a persistent high linezolid concentration in patients with renal dysfunction[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2011, 17(1): 70-75., articleTitle=Thrombocytopenia and anemia caused by a persistent high linezolid concentration in patients with renal dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558181162057934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=130, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Putra ON, Nur HA, journalName=Int J Mycobac, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Putra ON, Nur HA. Anemia related to linezolid-based combination regimen in drug-resistant tuberculosis[J]. Int J Mycobac, 2022, 11(1): 130-131., articleTitle=Anemia related to linezolid-based combination regimen in drug-resistant tuberculosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558181308858580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=3847, pageEnd=3856, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Yang XY, Chen L, Gu JN, journalName=Infect Drug Resist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang XY, Chen L, Gu JN, et al. Linezolid-induced pure red cell aplasia: a case report[J]. Infect Drug Resist, 2022, 15: 3847-3856., articleTitle=Linezolid-induced pure red cell aplasia: a case report, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558181405327574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=142, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Kobayashi S, Tagawa S, Ogura T, journalName=Drug Discov Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kobayashi S, Tagawa S, Ogura T, et al. Safety of linezolid, rifampicin, and clindamycin combination therapy in patients with prosthetic joint infection[J]. Drug Discov Ther, 2022, 16(3): 142-144., articleTitle=Safety of linezolid, rifampicin, and clindamycin combination therapy in patients with prosthetic joint infection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558181489213658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=8, pageStart=536, pageEnd=542, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Hanai Y, Matsuo K, Ogawa M, journalName=J Infect Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hanai Y, Matsuo K, Ogawa M, et al. A retrospective study of the risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and anemia[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2016, 22(8): 536-542., articleTitle=A retrospective study of the risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and anemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182177079518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=442, pageEnd=447, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=邹烨, 曹明晨, 沈赟, journalName=中国临床医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹烨, 曹明晨, 沈赟, 等. 利奈唑胺致老年患者贫血的危险因素分析及风险预测模型构建[J]. 中国临床医学, 2022, 29(3): 442-447., articleTitle=利奈唑胺致老年患者贫血的危险因素分析及风险预测模型构建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182361628899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=49, issue=12, pageStart=900, pageEnd=904, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=戴映, 蒋淑莹, 余旭奔, journalName=温州医科大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戴映, 蒋淑莹, 余旭奔, 等. 住院患者使用利奈唑胺致贫血的相关危险因素[J]. 温州医科大学学报, 2019, 49(12): 900-904., articleTitle=住院患者使用利奈唑胺致贫血的相关危险因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182437126371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=6, pageStart=1591, pageEnd=1599, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Qin Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, journalName=J Clin Pharm Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, et al. A risk factor-based predictive model for linezolid-induced anaemia: a 7-year retrospective study[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2021, 46(6): 1591-1599., articleTitle=A risk factor-based predictive model for linezolid-induced anaemia: a 7-year retrospective study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182512623847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=9, pageStart=1572, pageEnd=1576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=沈赟, 秦艳, 陈喆, journalName=中南药学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈赟, 秦艳, 陈喆, 等. 利奈唑胺致贫血的危险因素分析及预测模型建立[J]. 中南药学, 2020, 18(9): 1572-1576., articleTitle=利奈唑胺致贫血的危险因素分析及预测模型建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182634258665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=13, issue=12, pageStart=1003, pageEnd=1005, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=毛小红, 陈尔真, 方洁, journalName=中华全科医师杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毛小红, 陈尔真, 方洁, 等. 利奈唑胺致血红蛋白减少的回顾性研究[J]. 中华全科医师杂志, 2014, 13(12): 1003-1005., articleTitle=利奈唑胺致血红蛋白减少的回顾性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182743310572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Im JH, Baek JH, Kwon HY, journalName=Int J Infect Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Im JH, Baek JH, Kwon HY, et al. Incidence and risk factors of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2015, 31: 47-52., articleTitle=Incidence and risk factors of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182818808047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=20, pageStart=2166, pageEnd=2170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=白延宁, 王莉, 孙宝, journalName=中国医院药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白延宁, 王莉, 孙宝, 等. 利奈唑胺不良反应的文献统计分析[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2022, 42(20): 2166-2170., articleTitle=利奈唑胺不良反应的文献统计分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182894305521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=315, pageEnd=316, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Sharma K, Keri VC, Kumar TP, journalName=Trop Doct, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharma K, Keri VC, Kumar TP, et al. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by linezolid causing lactic acidosis[J]. Trop Doct, 2023, 53(2): 315-316., articleTitle=Mitochondrial toxicity induced by linezolid causing lactic acidosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558182973997299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=1422, pageEnd=1426, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Dai Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y, journalName=J Clin Pharm Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dai Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y, et al. Linezolid and the risk of lactic acidosis: data mining and analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2020, 45(6): 1422-1426., articleTitle=Linezolid and the risk of lactic acidosis: data mining and analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183036911861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=604680, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Liu T, Hu C, Wu J, journalName=Front Med (Lausanne), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu T, Hu C, Wu J, et al. Incidence and associated risk factors for lactic acidosis induced by linezolid therapy in a case-control study in patients older than 85 years[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 604680., articleTitle=Incidence and associated risk factors for lactic acidosis induced by linezolid therapy in a case-control study in patients older than 85 years, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183129186552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=47, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Hsu SN, Shih MF, Yang CW, journalName=Nephrology (Carlton), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hsu SN, Shih MF, Yang CW, et al. Severe linezolid-induced lactic acidosis in a cirrhosis patient[J]. Nephrology (Carlton), 2015, 20(1): 47-48., articleTitle=Severe linezolid-induced lactic acidosis in a cirrhosis patient, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183217266939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=100, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Im JH, Lee JS, Chung MH, journalName=Medicine (Baltimore), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Im JH, Lee JS, Chung MH, et al. Effect of a serum lactate monitoring recommendation policy on patients treated with linezolid[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(1): e23790., articleTitle=Effect of a serum lactate monitoring recommendation policy on patients treated with linezolid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183372456189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=614, pageEnd=616, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=肖妍, 王鹏, 李如兵, journalName=中华烧伤杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖妍, 王鹏, 李如兵, 等. 利奈唑胺致严重烧伤患者高乳酸血症一例[J]. 中华烧伤杂志, 2019, 35(8): 614-616., articleTitle=利奈唑胺致严重烧伤患者高乳酸血症一例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183498285311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=967311, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Lin B, Hu Y, Xu P, journalName=Front Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin B, Hu Y, Xu P, et al. Expert consensus statement on therapeutic drug monitoring and individualization of linezolid[J]. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 967311., articleTitle=Expert consensus statement on therapeutic drug monitoring and individualization of linezolid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183598948609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=424, pageEnd=428, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=自雪梅, 张峻, 何瑾, journalName=中国现代应用药学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=自雪梅, 张峻, 何瑾. 利奈唑胺血药浓度监测研究进展[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2022, 39(3): 424-428., articleTitle=利奈唑胺血药浓度监测研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183670251779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=121, issue=4, pageStart=303, pageEnd=308, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Pea F, Cojutti PG, Baraldo M, journalName=Basic Clin Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pea F, Cojutti PG, Baraldo M. A 10-year experience of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of linezolid in a hospital-wide population of patients receiving conventional dosing: is there enough evidence for suggesting TDM in the majority of patients?[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol, 2017, 121(4): 303-308., articleTitle=A 10-year experience of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of linezolid in a hospital-wide population of patients receiving conventional dosing: is there enough evidence for suggesting TDM in the majority of patients?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183749943557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=179, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Matsumoto K, Takeshita A, Ikawa K, journalName=Int J Antimicrob Ag, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Matsumoto K, Takeshita A, Ikawa K, et al. Higher linezolid exposure and higher frequency of thrombocytopenia in patients with renal dysfunction[J]. Int J Antimicrob Ag, 2010, 36(2): 179-181., articleTitle=Higher linezolid exposure and higher frequency of thrombocytopenia in patients with renal dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183825441032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=64, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Zhang SH, Zhu ZY, Chen Z, journalName=Antimicrob Agents Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang SH, Zhu ZY, Chen Z, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and dosage optimization of linezolid in patients with liver dysfunction[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2020, 64(6): e00133-20., articleTitle=Population pharmacokinetics and dosage optimization of linezolid in patients with liver dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558183913521416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=9, pageStart=1222, pageEnd=1228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Ehmann L, Simon P, Busse D, journalName=Clin Microbiol Infect, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ehmann L, Simon P, Busse D, et al. Risk of target non-attainment in obese compared to non-obese patients in calculated linezolid therapy[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2020, 26(9): 1222-1228., articleTitle=Risk of target non-attainment in obese compared to non-obese patients in calculated linezolid therapy, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198558171469022017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171477410626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171469022017, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171485799235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171469022017, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1石河子大学药学院,新疆石河子 832003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198558171573879623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171582268232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558171590656841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, companyId=1198558171573879623, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198558175231312883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of metabolic elimination of linezolid in vivo, figureFileSmall=HnuPXn5xF9tSNZ4HRavklQ==, figureFileBig=NmhIYQK+VvO/bwXAcJEipQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558175327781880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, label=图1, caption=利奈唑胺的体内代谢与清除示意图, figureFileSmall=HnuPXn5xF9tSNZ4HRavklQ==, figureFileBig=NmhIYQK+VvO/bwXAcJEipQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558175571050501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The mechanism of type Ⅱ heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, figureFileSmall=arUuC387MEV/WgQqSCxNww==, figureFileBig=f9b5pEIOptFHVCTTqEVyMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558175684296716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558169900352258, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Ⅱ型肝素诱导性血小板减少机制示意图

PF-4. 血小板第4因子;PF-4-H. PF-4肝素复合物

, figureFileSmall=arUuC387MEV/WgQqSCxNww==, figureFileBig=f9b5pEIOptFHVCTTqEVyMQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441329971666965, delFlag=0, nameCn=解放军医学杂志, nameEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-7402, eissn=null, cn=11-1056/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262512917, updatedTime=1761735725513, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, picEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369167564968109, language=CN, name=解放军医学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725537, updatedTime=1761735725537, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369167615299758, language=EN, name=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735725549, updatedTime=1761735725549, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=#, submissionEditorUrl=#, submissionReviewUrl=#, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189873630562394117, websiteList=[Website(id=1189873845923287108, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761617631655, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622010471, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=解放军医学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924939378520839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629813284, updateTime=1761629813284, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939353355012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629813278, updateTime=1761629813278, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939399492362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813289, updateTime=1761629813289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939344966403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629813276, updateTime=1761629813276, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939412075276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813292, updateTime=1761629813292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939374326534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761629813283, updateTime=1761629813283, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939407880971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629813291, updateTime=1761629813291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939361743621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761629813280, updateTime=1761629813280, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939386909448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629813286, updateTime=1761629813286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924939395298057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873845923287108, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629813288, updateTime=1761629813288, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189873846057504839, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189873630562394117, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761617631687, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761622030030, updateBy=18614031015, name=解放军医学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189924968168223505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761629820148, updateTime=1761629820148, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968147251982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761629820143, updateTime=1761629820143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968185000724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820152, updateTime=1761629820152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968138863373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=+zXjYVhun8ZOAA6+aKx2hw==, createTime=1761629820141, updateTime=1761629820141, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968197583638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820155, updateTime=1761629820155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968159834896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761629820146, updateTime=1761629820146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968193389333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761629820154, updateTime=1761629820154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968155640591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761629820145, updateTime=1761629820145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968172417810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761629820149, updateTime=1761629820149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189924968180806419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189873846057504839, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761629820151, updateTime=1761629820151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://zh.jfjyxzz.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, journalPhotoCn=6srot5PcoYX30Oa4xeTmeg==, journalPhotoEn=ELwBh5xqrSTlIs7HmSNt2Q==, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
苟军强 1, 2 , 李倩 2 , 尹东锋 2 , 王晓锋 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2024,49(8): 965-972
收起
收藏切换
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2024, 49(8): 965-972
利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应研究进展
全屏
苟军强1, 2, 李倩2, 尹东锋2, 王晓锋2, *
作者信息
  • 1石河子大学药学院,新疆石河子 832003
  • 2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 苟军强,硕士研究生,主要从事临床药学及药物评价等方面的研究

通讯作者:

王晓锋,E-mail:
Advances in the study of linezolid-related adverse reactions of blood and metabolic system
Jun-Qiang Gou1, 2, Qian Li2, Dong-Feng Yin2, Xiao-Feng Wang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
  • 2Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
出版时间: 2024-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124
文章导航
收藏切换

利奈唑胺是全合成的噁唑烷酮类抗菌药物,主要用于治疗由革兰阳性耐药菌引起的重症感染。近年来,随着耐药菌的增多,利奈唑胺临床使用率及其相关的血液及代谢系统不良反应发生率也增高,其相关不良反应主要有血小板减少、贫血和乳酸酸中毒等。研究显示利奈唑胺引起血液系统及代谢系统不良反应的诱因多样且发生机制尚未完全阐明。本文结合近期国内外文献报道,探讨利奈唑胺的体内药代动力学特点、不良反应发生机制与危险因素,以及预防措施和个体化给药策略等,以期为利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应的临床防治提供参考。

利奈唑胺  /  血液  /  代谢  /  不良反应  /  个体化给药

Linezolid, a fully synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic, is mainly used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, with the rise in drug-resistant bacteria, the clinical utilization rate of linezolid and the incidence of linezolid-related adverse reactions in the hematological system and metabolic system have increased. The main adverse reactions include thrombocytopenia, anemia and lactic acidosis. Studies have shown that the causes of adverse reactions in linezolid-induced hematological system and metabolic system are diverse, and the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this review, the pharmacokinetic characteristics, mechanism of adverse reactions, risk factors, as well as preventive measures and individualized drug administration strategies of linezolid in vivo were discussed based on literature reports at home and abroad, aiming to provide references for clinical prevention and treatment of linezolid-related adverse reactions of hematological system and metabolic system.

linezolid  /  blood  /  metabolism  /  adverse reaction  /  individualized drug administration
苟军强, 李倩, 尹东锋, 王晓锋. 利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (8) : 965 -972 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124
Jun-Qiang Gou, Qian Li, Dong-Feng Yin, Xiao-Feng Wang. Advances in the study of linezolid-related adverse reactions of blood and metabolic system[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (8) : 965 -972 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124
利奈唑胺是全合成的噁唑烷酮类抗菌药,可抑制细菌蛋白质合成而发挥抗菌效应[1]。对利奈唑胺与细菌核糖体结合的高分辨结构分析显示,它可与细菌50S核糖体亚基的23SrRNA核苷酸位点结合,阻碍N-甲酰甲硫氨酸-核糖核酸(fMet-RNA)与核糖体连接,抑制70S核糖体复合物的形成而达到抗菌效应[2]。利奈唑胺的作用部位和方式与多数抗菌药物不同,且不易与其他抑制细菌蛋白质合成的抗菌药物发生交叉耐药,对万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌(vancomycin-resistant Enterococci faecium,VREF)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)及耐多药结核分枝杆菌等均有较强的抗菌活性[3]。近年来,利奈唑胺的临床使用随多重耐药菌的出现而增加,相关的血液系统及代谢系统不良反应报道也增多[4-5],其中血小板减少、贫血和乳酸酸中毒的发生率较高[6-8]。针对以上不良反应的临床干预措施包括输注免疫球蛋白或促红细胞生成素、输血、血液渗析及停药等。利奈唑胺引起血液系统和代谢系统不良反应的机制尚未阐明,有研究认为,与骨髓抑制、免疫介导、线粒体损伤或氧化应激相关[9-11]。上述不良反应主要与患者肝肾功能或利奈唑胺持续治疗时间相关,肝肾功能不全和利奈唑胺治疗时间较长时更易发生不良反应[12-14]
由于利奈唑胺临床使用的安全性较高,相关不良反应易被忽视,导致部分患者因严重的凝血功能障碍、重度贫血或代谢性酸中毒等不良反应被迫停药,而反复停用药物更易诱发细菌耐药的发生。本文就利奈唑胺相关血液及代谢系统不良反应的研究报道进行综述,以期为利奈唑胺的合理使用和相关不良反应的预防提供参考。
利奈唑胺的代谢具有时间依赖性,且抗菌药物后效应较长,常用剂量为0.6 g q12 h。体内药代动力学研究显示,口服给药后,利奈唑胺吸收迅速而完全,单次给药的半衰期(T1/2)为5~8 h,达稳态时间为3~5 h,0.6~0.9 h可达血浆峰浓度(Cmax),绝对生物利用度为100%,血浆蛋白结合率为31%,药物从体内消除缓慢[15]
利奈唑胺可经两种途径代谢,即内酰胺途径(酶促)和内酯途径(非酶促)。内酰胺途径代谢形成代谢物氨基乙氧基乙酸(PNU-142300,代谢产物1),而内酯途径代谢形成代谢物羟乙基甘氨酸(PNU-142586,代谢产物2),这两种主要代谢物均无抗菌活性[16]。利奈唑胺的非肾清除率约占总清除率的65%,稳态时约30%的药物以原形、10%以代谢产物1、40%以代谢产物2的形式随尿液排泄(图1)。利奈唑胺的肾清除率较低(平均40 ml/min),提示存在肾小管网的重吸收。粪便中未发现利奈唑胺原形物,仅有少量的代谢产物1(占3%)和代谢产物2(占6%)[6]
临床上一般根据 Child-Pugh-Turcotte 评分等级将肝损伤分为轻度肝损伤(Child-Pugh-Turcotte A级)、中度肝损伤(Child-Pugh-Turcotte B级)和重度肝损伤(Child-Pugh-Turcotte C级)。尽管经肝代谢的具体方式尚未阐明,但利奈唑胺在不同肝损伤患者体内的代谢有明显差异。
Liao等[17]和孟丹丹等[18]对不同肝损伤分级患者的研究均显示,重度肝损伤患者利奈唑胺的谷浓度(Cmin,mg/L)明显高于轻、中度肝损伤患者(19.3 vs. 7.5 vs. 11.6;20.65 vs. 5.51 vs. 6.70),而中、重度肝损伤患者体内利奈唑胺的高暴露伴随较高的不良反应发生率。Liao等[17]发现,重度肝损伤与利奈唑胺过度暴露明显相关(OR=7.037,95%CI 1.426~34.727,P=0.017)。此外,日本一项针对肝硬化、接受利奈唑胺治疗患者的群体药动学研究显示,患者体内药物蓄积量比健康志愿者高约50%[19]
药代动力学研究显示,利奈唑胺约35%经肾脏清除[6],其清除率与肌酐清除率呈现出较强的相关性(P<0.01,r=0.933);肾功能不全患者具有较高的药物暴露量和不良反应发生率[20]。对肾功能不全患者的研究显示,利奈唑胺及其两种主要代谢物的血浆浓度明显高于肾功能正常患者,且蓄积程度随肾功能不全严重程度的加重而增加[21]
Souza等[21]报道,利奈唑胺及其主要代谢产物1和2的Cmin(mg/L)明显高于肾功能正常患者(12.3 vs. 7.6,5.2 vs. 1.6,13.8 vs. 4.9),且分别是肾功能正常患者的1.6、3.3和2.8倍,其中利奈唑胺代谢产物在肾功能不全患者中的蓄积程度更高。此外,续广娟等[22]对肾功能不全患者血浆中利奈唑胺Cmin及其代谢物1浓度的研究显示,肾功能不全患者Cmin更高(P<0.01);利奈唑胺Cmin及其代谢物1浓度与肾功能指标估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)均呈负相关(r=-0.371,P<0.0l;r=-0.451,P<0.01);当利奈唑胺Cmin(mg/L)及其代谢物1浓度分别高于12.10和4.63时,利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的发生风险增加。
以上研究结果提示,肝、肾功能不全可显著影响利奈唑胺的代谢和排泄,考虑为肝代谢和肾排泄能力下降后引起药物蓄积,表现为患者血浆中利奈唑胺及其代谢物的高暴露,并伴随较高的不良反应发生率。由于老年患者内脏器官功能下降,药物蓄积后更易发生不良反应。因此,老年患者尤其是肝肾功能不全者接受标准剂量利奈唑胺治疗后,应警惕不良反应的发生,必要时可根据治疗药物监测结果进行剂量调整。
利奈唑胺代谢的个体差异与控制其代谢的酶系息息相关,已有研究从患者年龄、肝肾功能、疗程和体重等方面探讨了患者血浆中利奈唑胺暴露量在个体中的差异,而从个体遗传背景出发去探究这种差异性原因的研究较少。Ahmad[23]利用酶袋鸡尾酒实验法对利奈唑胺代谢酶进行的体外研究显示,细胞色素P450 1A1(CYP1A1)和细胞色素P450 2A7(CYP2A7)可将利奈唑胺全部代谢为5种代谢物,而CYP1A2、CYP1B1和CYP2A6则不能。该项体外实验显示,CYP1A1或CYP2A7可将利奈唑胺分解为其代谢物1。CYP1A1是一种重要的肝外细胞色素P450酶,主要表达于肺,可参与多种内源性激素、药物和致癌衍生物如芳香胺和多环芳烃等的代谢;CYP2A7主要表达于肝。因此,该研究认为除肝代谢外,肺可能为利奈唑胺代谢的另一重要内脏器官。
此外,Cheli等[24]对CYP3A4和CYP3A5及细胞色素P450氧化还原酶(POR)的遗传多态性研究显示,在给予患者标准剂量利奈唑胺治疗后,CYP3A5表达者(GA和AA)处于药物暴露不足的高风险中。该研究认为,CYP3A5多态性可能会明显影响利奈唑胺的给药剂量,标准剂量给药可使患者处于药物暴露不足的风险中,提示CYP3A5可能为利奈唑胺在肝的主要代谢酶。
利奈唑胺与肝药酶诱导剂合用可能引起治疗药物代谢加强,从而导致治疗剂量暴露不足,不能达到有效治疗窗而影响治疗结果。利奈唑胺与肝药酶诱导剂利福平合用时可引起利奈唑胺暴露不足的风险,但值得注意的是,对肝肾功能不全且有利福平合并用药指征的患者合并使用利福平可降低药物高暴露的风险,且有利于减少不良反应的发生。Pea等[25]对肝肾功能不全且长期使用利奈唑胺的患者进行的治疗药物监测显示,利奈唑胺+利福平组患者血药浓度可保持在治疗窗内,而利奈唑胺组患者的给药间隔期间最低浓度更高(3.71 mg/L vs. 1.37 mg/L)。同时,利奈唑胺组与利奈唑胺+利福平组分别有51.4%和0%的病例出现血小板减少。因此,当利奈唑胺与肝药酶诱导剂合用时,肝肾功能正常患者可能出现血药浓度低暴露风险,对这类患者应加强治疗药物监测,适时调整给药剂量以防止治疗失败;而对肝肾功能不全患者,视个体情况合并用药可降低利奈唑胺高暴露的风险。
利奈唑胺与肝药酶抑制剂合用时,由于肝代谢酶活性降低,利奈唑胺代谢速率下降引起血浆中治疗药物高暴露,药物浓度超出治疗窗而易引起药物相关不良反应的发生。研究显示,利奈唑胺与喹诺酮类和碳青霉烯类等抗生素合用时,利奈唑胺相关不良反应的发生率增高。Chen等[26]和Kl等[27]分别将左氧氟沙星和亚胺培南确定为利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的独立危险因素。由于多数抗菌药物为肝药酶抑制剂,这类药物和利奈唑胺合用时应积极进行治疗药物监测,以减少利奈唑胺血浆药物浓度高暴露而引发的不良反应。
(1)饮食:食物主要通过影响药物在胃肠道的吸收影响药物的作用。张琪[28]通过比较进食前后利奈唑胺的药动学参数[药时曲线下面积(AUC0-t)、表观分布容积(Vd)、平均驻留时间(MRT)、末端消除半衰期(T1/2)、清除率(CL)、Cmax和达峰时间(Tmax)]的变化来分析饮食对利奈唑胺吸收的影响,结果显示,与餐前服药比较,餐后服药可明显降低利奈唑胺的Cmax并延长Tmax,可能是由于进食后胃肠道生理生化环境改变引起利奈唑胺吸收减慢。因此,建议患者在餐前口服利奈唑胺以达到最佳的临床疗效。(2)年龄:年龄对利奈唑胺代谢和排泄的影响主要考虑为老年患者生理功能(尤其是肝肾功能)退化,肝和肾对利奈唑胺的代谢和排泄能力下降,导致药物在患者体内蓄积增多,从而在老年患者中表现出较高的不良反应发生率。(3)体表面积:体表面积也对利奈唑胺的药物浓度有明显影响。研究显示,体表面积与患者血浆药物浓度呈负相关。利奈唑胺在脂肪组织中有较好的分布特性,而肥胖患者较丰富的脂肪组织往往导致其利奈唑胺血浆浓度不足,因此,对于肥胖患者给予标准剂量利奈唑胺治疗时,建议进行治疗药物浓度监测,并根据监测结果调整给药剂量,以使患者血药浓度达到有效治疗窗,避免药物暴露不足导致治疗失败。
尽管利奈唑胺相关贫血的发生机制尚未有系统的研究报道,但个案报道认为利奈唑胺相关贫血的发生机制类似于氯霉素诱导的骨髓抑制。Bernstein等[9]对1例使用利奈唑胺后发生贫血患者的研究显示,患者骨髓活检中环形铁粒幼细胞和空泡化原幼红细胞的存在提示利奈唑胺诱导的贫血继发于氯霉素样的骨髓抑制。该机制被认为是通过抑制细胞线粒体蛋白质合成而抑制线粒体呼吸,进而导致血红蛋白浓度降低[29]。此外,利奈唑胺和氯霉素在结构和作用机制上存在相似性,提示这一不良反应可能存在共同的作用机制。利奈唑胺与氯霉素具有共同的抗菌机制,涉及与50s亚基的核糖体RNA结合。它们在结构上的相似之处被认为是药物引起再生障碍性贫血的共同特征[10]
有研究认为,利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的发生机制与免疫介导相关[9-10],且存在奎宁/奎宁丁和Ⅱ型肝素诱导性血小板减少(heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,HIT)的两类作用机制。奎宁/奎宁丁诱导的血小板减少主要是通过药物或其代谢物诱导机体产生IgG抗体,IgG抗体与血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅰb/Ⅸ或Ⅱb/Ⅲa相结合形成免疫原性复合物;该复合物与IgG的Fab部分结合,Fc部分通过与巨噬细胞结合被网状内皮系统(reticulo-endothelial system,RES)识别并清除[30]。Ⅱ型HIT机制主要是肝素分子与血小板第4因子(PF4)结合形成PF4-肝素复合物(PF4-H);该复合物暴露的抗原表位与IgG抗体相结合,进而诱发免疫反应。IgG抗体与PF4-H结合后,通过FcγRⅡa受体激活和促进血小板释放多种促凝颗粒,最终导致血栓形成和血小板减少[31-32](图2)。
有研究认为,利奈唑胺相关贫血和乳酸酸中毒的发生机制可能与细胞核糖体线粒体损伤相关[33]。利奈唑胺相关线粒体损伤类似于氯霉素样作用,即通过抑制细胞线粒体蛋白质合成而抑制线粒体呼吸。Milosevic等[34]将HL-60早幼粒细胞和THP-1单核细胞暴露于微生物和利奈唑胺治疗浓度下,结果显示,经利奈唑胺处理后,细胞色素C-氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(CYTox Ⅰ)、细胞色素C-氧化酶活性、线粒体氧化代谢和线粒体超微结构均发生改变,利奈唑胺可抑制CYTox Ⅰ的表达,降低细胞色素C-氧化酶活性,致线粒体基质明显肿胀并嵴损失。此外,Soriano等[35]测定患者接受药物治疗期间外周血单核细胞中线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ(琥珀酸脱氢酶,由细胞质核糖体合成)和复合物Ⅳ(细胞色素C-氧化酶,部分由线粒体核糖体合成)的酶活性,结果显示,复合物Ⅱ活性正常,而复合物Ⅳ活性下降。以上结果提示,利奈唑胺相关线粒体毒性可能是贫血和乳酸酸中毒的潜在机制之一。
此外,由于细菌核糖体和哺乳动物线粒体核糖体之间的高度同源性,这种相同或相似的结合位点可能是利奈唑胺引起线粒体蛋白质合成抑制的关键[36]。由于临床前和上市后的安全性研究并未涉及利奈唑胺对线粒体活性的影响,利奈唑胺引起的线粒体损伤有可能被忽视,因而可导致血红蛋白浓度降低或乳酸酸中毒的发生[35,37]
氧化应激是机体内氧化与抗氧化作用平衡失调的一种状态,表现为氧化物增多和(或)抗氧化能力降低引起的组织和细胞受损。近期研究显示,患者接受利奈唑胺治疗后,其氧化应激标志物较治疗前明显增多,提示氧化应激损伤可能是诱导血小板减少的潜在发病机制[38]。Wang等[38]发现,在接受利奈唑胺治疗并发生血小板减少的患者中,丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧自由基(ROS)水平明显升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平降低,而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性变化不明显。这与甲氨蝶呤(MTX)作为阳性对照的结果类似,提示氧化应激可能为利奈唑胺引起血液系统不良反应中血小板减少的关键发病因素之一。
此外,Wang等[39]对利奈唑胺处置后的大鼠体内研究显示,利奈唑胺以时间和剂量依赖性方式降低血细胞(红细胞、白细胞和血小板)计数以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶的酶活性,且血清中MDA和NO含量明显增加,提示利奈唑胺可增强血细胞脂质过氧化作用,且可引起大鼠血细胞数量减少,氧化应激可能是主要的致病因素之一。该研究还显示,补充维生素E可部分恢复利奈唑胺诱导的血细胞减少和抗氧化活性降低,而维生素E本身对血液学和氧化参数的基本水平无明显影响。
综上所述,氧化应激可能为利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的潜在致病机制,提示后续研究应积极关注氧化应激在血小板氧化损伤中的作用,以揭示其作用机制,并为预防利奈唑胺相关血液系统不良反应提供理论指导。
利奈唑胺相关血液系统不良反应以血小板减少的发生率较高(30%~40%)[15,40-41]。目前,已报道的利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的危险因素较多,主要有肝肾功能不全、血小板基数低和用药疗程较长等。对肾功能评价指标的研究显示,eGFR<60 ml/min和利奈唑胺治疗持续时间>14 d是利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的独立危险因素[42]。此外,基线血小板计数<200×109/L也被认为是血小板减少的独立危险因素[43]
Souza等[21]发现,在肾功能损伤患者中,利奈唑胺的血药浓度比肾功能正常患者高1.6倍。Tsuji等[44]发现,利奈唑胺的血浆药物浓度与血小板计数呈负相关(P<0.01,r=0.593)提示对肾功能不全患者给予利奈唑胺,随着利奈唑胺血药浓度的逐渐累积,可能导致严重的血小板减少。目前,针对利奈唑胺相关血小板减少的预防措施主要包括输注血小板或免疫球蛋白,但已有研究显示,输注免疫球蛋白只能减缓血小板下降的趋势,并不能起到增加血小板的作用。
近年来,有关利奈唑胺相关贫血的报道逐渐增多,且发生率(15%~40%)高于药品说明书的2%~15%[45-47]。已有研究显示,利奈唑胺相关贫血的独立危险因素有利奈唑胺治疗持续时间长[48]、肾功能不全和肝功能异常等[12,49-50]。有研究认为,贫血的发生与患者肝肾功能相关,考虑为肝肾功能不全时药物在体内蓄积过多而引起。
对肾功能评价指标的研究显示,eGFR较低为利奈唑胺相关贫血的独立危险因素。Qin等[51]发现,eGFR<60 ml/min是利奈唑胺贫血的独立危险因素;eGFR<60 ml/min的患者在接受药物治疗期间发生贫血的风险是eGFR≥60 ml/min患者的4.48倍。孟丹丹等[18]发现,在重度肝损伤患者中利奈唑胺的Cmin(mg/L)明显高于轻、中度肝损伤患者(19.3 vs. 7.5 vs. 11.6)。对肝功能评价指标的研究显示,谷草转氨酶(AST)>80 U/L是利奈唑胺相关贫血的独立危险因素。另有研究显示,利奈唑胺相关贫血的发生与患者接受药物治疗的时间相关,随着治疗时间的延长,患者出现贫血的风险也越高[46]。沈赟等[52]和毛小红等[53]发现,疗程>9.5 d和≥15 d分别为利奈唑胺相关贫血的独立危险因素,两者结果的差异主要考虑为前者所纳入研究对象的平均用药时间(12.6 d)较短。肝肾功能不全的患者在使用利奈唑胺时易发生贫血等不良反应,临床治疗过程中应密切监视血红蛋白浓度;对于利奈唑胺相关贫血的主要干预措施为输血或输注促红细胞生成素。
乳酸酸中毒是可导致多器官衰竭甚至死亡的严重不良反应。由于利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒的发生率较其他不良反应低,临床上易被忽视。目前,对乳酸酸中毒“明确的”定义为血清pH<7.25、乳酸>4 mmol/L[54]。研究显示,利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒的发生率可达6.8%~25.0 %,肝肾功能不全、治疗持续时间长、线粒体损伤是其重要的危险因素[54-57]
Liu等[58]对>85岁老年患者的研究显示,利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒的发生率为35.7%,利奈唑胺治疗持续时间≥9 d、动脉血糖水平≥8 mmol/L是利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒的危险因素。老年患者利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒发生率较高,可能与其肝肾功能降低引起利奈唑胺血浆浓度升高有关。同时,乳酸主要在肝(60%)和肾(30%)代谢,这些器官的功能障碍可能使患者发生利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒的风险增高[59]
利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒易被忽视,多数患者一经发现便表现出较严重的中毒症状。因此,在利奈唑胺治疗期间,尤其对老年、有严重基础疾病、合并使用影响线粒体功能的药物和长期治疗的患者,应定期监测血气和乳酸水平,以期及早发现并预防利奈唑胺相关乳酸酸中毒[60]。目前,对较严重的乳酸酸中毒,临床通常采用停药并对症治疗,必要时进行血液透析,并给予维生素B1以降低乳酸水平。由于维生素B1可提高线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅳ活性[61],及时补充维生素B1可减轻对线粒体损伤,从而用于预防利奈唑胺相关的乳酸酸中毒。
前瞻性和回顾性研究均指出,对使用利奈唑胺治疗感染性疾病的患者进行TDM是必要的;尽管这与利奈唑胺药品说明书中的描述不符,但这一提议已被《利奈唑胺治疗药物监测和个体化专家共识声明》确认为循证建议[62]。该专家共识建议在接受利奈唑胺治疗的患者中,尤其是危重症、肝肾功能不全、儿童、老年、肥胖和服用已知与利奈唑胺相互作用会引起利奈唑胺血药浓度较大波动的患者进行TDM,将可能进一步提高利奈唑胺临床用药的安全性和有效性。
利奈唑胺的药效学评价指标为24 h内稳态血药浓度-时间曲线下面积/最低抑菌浓度(AUC0~24/MIC)或血药浓度>MIC的时间占给药间隔的百分比。由于计算AUC0~24需要多次采样,而Cmin与AUC0~24呈线性相关,因此可用Cmin推算药物暴露量[63]。目前,由于利奈唑胺对大多数耐药革兰阳性菌的MIC为2.0 mg/L,因此多数研究将利奈唑胺有效Cmin的低限定为2.0 mg/L,Cmin的高限定为7.0~8.0 mg/L[25,62];研究显示,当利奈唑胺的Cmin超过高限后,发生血液和代谢系统不良反应的可能性明显增高[44,64-65]。因此,临床治疗中应密切监视患者血小板计数、血红蛋白浓度及血乳酸水平,并根据患者生理病理情况及TDM监测结果及时调整给药剂量,使患者稳态血浆药物浓度维持在安全水平。
对肝肾功能不全或联合使用肝药酶抑制剂患者的研究显示,给予标准剂量利奈唑胺(600 mg/12 h)后,存在血浆药物浓度过高的风险,尤其在治疗持续时间较长时,血浆药物浓度可能不断蓄积。对这类患者的TDM显示,利奈唑胺剂量降低(300 mg/12 h)后,稳态血浆药物浓度达到了安全目标浓度范围(Cmin 2.0~7.0 mg/L),且临床治疗有效[25,66]
对肥胖或联合使用肝药酶诱导剂(如利血平)的患者,给予标准剂量利奈唑胺(600 mg/12 h)治疗后存在治疗药物暴露不足的风险,根据这类患者的TDM结果适当增加给药剂量(900 mg/12 h或1500 mg/24 h),有利于患者血浆药物浓度达到有效治疗范围(2.0~8.0 mg/L)[67],从而避免血浆药物浓度过低引起的治疗失败。
相关研究显示,患者生理病理情况对利奈唑胺血浆药物浓度影响较大,不同影响因素往往使患者面临利奈唑胺高暴露或暴露不足的风险,可能导致不良反应发生或治疗失败。本文从利奈唑胺的药动学特点及影响因素、不良反应发生机制、不良反应的危险因素及预防措施和TDM指导个体化给药出发,对国内外近期相关研究成果进行综述,以期为临床合理使用利奈唑胺,提高其临床使用的安全性和有效性提供参考。
TDM可在个体化治疗中发挥重要作用,已成为预防利奈唑胺相关不良反应的有效举措。尽管基于TDM的剂量调整与不良反应发生率和疗效间的研究相对较少,但现有临床病例报告显示,根据TDM结果调整给药剂量在保证药物治疗有效性的同时,也有利于减少不良反应的发生。因此,笔者建议对特殊人群给予利奈唑胺时应积极开展TDM,并根据TDM结果及时调整给药剂量,以提高相关治疗的安全性和有效性。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王梦琴, 王聪, 刘肖, 等. 急性胰腺炎并发腹腔感染病原菌分布及其影响因素分析[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2023, 51(8): 821-825.
[2]
Wilson DN, Schluenzen F, Harms JM, et al. The oxazolidinone antibiotics perturb the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center and effect tRNA positioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2008, 105(36): 13339-13344.
[3]
Komatsu T, Nakamura M, Uchiyama K, et al. Initial trough concentration may be beneficial in preventing linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia[J]. J Chemother, 2022, 34(6): 375-380.
[4]
李想, 李萍, 李建杰. 细菌性肺炎患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析[J]. 新乡医学院学报, 2022, 39(9): 842-846.
[5]
孟庆彩, 王卫红, 陈爱地, 等. 2014-2020年血液病伴中性粒细胞减少患者血流感染病原菌耐药性及预后因素分析[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2023, 51(8): 814-817.
[6]
Thirot H, Briquet C, Frippiat F, et al. Clinical use and adverse drug reactions of linezolid: a retrospective study in four Belgian hospital centers[J]. Antibiotics, 2021, 10(5): 530.
[7]
Luo S, Luo Q, Gao X, et al. Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid[J]. Respir Med Case Rep, 2020, 31(7): 101159.
[8]
Kronen T, Agrawal A, Reddy P. Acute onset lactic acidosis secondary to linezolid[J]. Cureus, 2023, 15(3): e35891.
[9]
Bernstein WB, Trotta RF, Rector JT, et al. Mechanisms for linezolid-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia[J]. Ann Pharmacother, 2003, 37(4): 517-520.
[10]
Lawyer MC, Lawyer EZ. Linezolid and reversible myelosuppression[J]. JAMA, 2001, 286(16): 1973-1974.
[11]
Fromenty B. Alteration of mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in drug-induced liver injury[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2020, 135: 110916.
[12]
Dai YJ, Shu YC, Xiao OH, et al. Analysis of the risk factors of linezolid-related haematological toxicity in Chinese patients[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2021, 46(3): 807-813.
[13]
Pratama N, Zulkarnain BS, Soedarsono, et al. Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy[J]. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2021, 32(4): 777-781.
[14]
Mao Y, Dai D, Jin H, et al. The risk factors of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis: a case report and review[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(36): e12114.
[15]
Kishor K, Dhasmana N, Kamble SS, et al. Linezolid induced adverse drug reactions - an update[J]. Curr Drug Metab, 2015, 16(7): 553-559.
[16]
Wynalda MA, Hauer MJ, Wienkers LC. Oxidation of the novel oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid in human liver microsomes[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2000, 28(9): 1014-1017.
[17]
Liao R, Dong Y, Chen L, et al. A standard dose of linezolid puts patients with hepatic impairment at risk of overexposure[J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2023, 79(1): 149-157.
[18]
孟丹丹, 陈利红, 董亚琳, 等. 肝损伤患者利奈唑胺的治疗药物监测[J]. 中国感染与化疗杂志, 2021, 21(3): 275-281.
[19]
Lu Q, Sonia MB, Rosana EE, et al. Linezolid dosing in patients with liver cirrhosis: standard dosing risk toxicity[J]. Ther Drug Monit, 2019, 41(6): 732-739.
[20]
Brier ME, Stalker DJ, Aronoff GR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of linezolid in subjects with renal dysfunction[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2003, 47(9): 2775-2780.
[21]
Souza E, Crass RL, Felton J, et al. Accumulation of major linezolid metabolites in patients with renal impairment[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2020, 64(5): e00027-20.
[22]
续广娟, 徐金慧, 石璐, 等. 肾功能不全对利奈唑胺代谢物浓度及血小板减少的影响分析[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2022, 42(24): 2655-2659.
[23]
Ahmad S. 人细胞色素P450酶CYP1A1和CYP2A7对利奈唑胺的代谢作用[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2020.
[24]
Cheli S, Fusi M, Silvestri AD, et al. In linezolid underexposure, pharmacogenetics matters: the role of CYP3A5[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2021, 139: 111631.
[25]
Pea F, Viale P, Cojutti P, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring may improve safety outcomes of long-term treatment with linezolid in adult patients[J]. J Antimicrob Chemoth, 2012, 67(8): 2034-2042.
[26]
Chen C, Guo DH, Cao X, et al. Risk factors for thrombocytopenia in adult Chinese patients receiving linezolid therapy[J]. Curr Ther Res Clin E, 2012, 73(6): 195-206.
[27]
Kl EK, Bulut C, Snmezer MA, et al. Risk factors for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia and negative effect of carbapenem combination[J]. J Infect Dev Countr, 2019, 13(10): 886-891.
[28]
张琪. 饮食对利奈唑胺药代动力学行为影响的研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2019.
[29]
Oehadian A, Santoso P, Menzies D, et al. Concise clinical review of hematologic toxicity of linezolid in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: role of mitochondria[J]. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), 2022, 85(2): 111-121.
[30]
Chong BH, Du XP, Berndt MC, et al. Characterization of the binding domains on platelet glycoproteins Ⅰb-Ⅸ and Ⅱb/Ⅲa complexes for the quinine/quinidine-dependent antibodies[J]. Blood, 1991, 77(10): 2190-2199.
[31]
Warkentin TE, Chong BH, Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: towards consensus[J]. Thromb Haemost, 1998, 79(1): 1-7.
[32]
Kelton JG, Smith JW, Warkentin TE, et al. Immunoglobulin G from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia binds to a complex of heparin and platelet factor 4[J]. Blood, 1994, 83(11): 3232-3239.
[33]
Abena PA, Mathieux VG, Scheiff JM, et al. Linezolid and reversible myelosuppression[J]. JAMA, 2001, 286(16): 1973.
[34]
Milosevic TV, Payen VL, Sonveaux P, et al. Mitochondrial alterations (inhibition of mitochondrial protein expression, oxidative metabolism and ultrastructure) induced by linezolid and tedizolid at clinically-relevant concentrations in cultured human HL-60 promyelocytes and THP-1 monocytes[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2017, 62(3): e01599-17.
[35]
Soriano A, Miro O, Mensa J. Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid[J]. N Engl J Med, 2005, 353(21): 2305-2306.
[36]
张乃菊, 陈天平, 黄睿, 等. 利奈唑胺致乳酸酸中毒研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2020, 25(12): 1408-1413.
[37]
Lam S. Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia[J]. Consult Pharm, 2012, 27(7): 504-508.
[38]
Wang TL, Guo DH, Bai Y, et al. Thrombocytopenia in patients receiving prolonged linezolid may be caused by oxidative stress[J]. Clin Drug Investig, 2016, 36(1): 67-75.
[39]
Wang T, Guo D, Dong X, et al. Effect of linezolid on hematological and oxidative parameters in rats[J]. J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2014, 67(6): 433-437.
[40]
Lin YH, Wu VC, Tsai IJ, et al. High frequency of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia among patients with renal insufficiency[J]. Int J Antimicrob Ag, 2006, 28(4): 345-351.
[41]
陈晓孩, 黄春燕, 张伟, 等. 利奈唑胺抗感染治疗肾功能不全患者的血液学毒性[J]. 江苏医药, 2021, 47(6): 588-591.
[42]
Crass RL, Cojutti PG, Pai MP, et al. Reappraisal of linezolid dosing in renal impairment to improve safety[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2019, 63(8): e00605-19.
[43]
刘彦鑫, 刘婷婷, 魏歌, 等. 利奈唑胺相关血小板减少症的危险因素分析及其风险预测模型的建立[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2021, 46(8): 777-782.
[44]
Tsuji Y, Hiraki Y, Matsumoto K, et al. Thrombocytopenia and anemia caused by a persistent high linezolid concentration in patients with renal dysfunction[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2011, 17(1): 70-75.
[45]
Putra ON, Nur HA. Anemia related to linezolid-based combination regimen in drug-resistant tuberculosis[J]. Int J Mycobac, 2022, 11(1): 130-131.
[46]
Yang XY, Chen L, Gu JN, et al. Linezolid-induced pure red cell aplasia: a case report[J]. Infect Drug Resist, 2022, 15: 3847-3856.
[47]
Kobayashi S, Tagawa S, Ogura T, et al. Safety of linezolid, rifampicin, and clindamycin combination therapy in patients with prosthetic joint infection[J]. Drug Discov Ther, 2022, 16(3): 142-144.
[48]
Hanai Y, Matsuo K, Ogawa M, et al. A retrospective study of the risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and anemia[J]. J Infect Chemother, 2016, 22(8): 536-542.
[49]
邹烨, 曹明晨, 沈赟, 等. 利奈唑胺致老年患者贫血的危险因素分析及风险预测模型构建[J]. 中国临床医学, 2022, 29(3): 442-447.
[50]
戴映, 蒋淑莹, 余旭奔, 等. 住院患者使用利奈唑胺致贫血的相关危险因素[J]. 温州医科大学学报, 2019, 49(12): 900-904.
[51]
Qin Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, et al. A risk factor-based predictive model for linezolid-induced anaemia: a 7-year retrospective study[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2021, 46(6): 1591-1599.
[52]
沈赟, 秦艳, 陈喆, 等. 利奈唑胺致贫血的危险因素分析及预测模型建立[J]. 中南药学, 2020, 18(9): 1572-1576.
[53]
毛小红, 陈尔真, 方洁, 等. 利奈唑胺致血红蛋白减少的回顾性研究[J]. 中华全科医师杂志, 2014, 13(12): 1003-1005.
[54]
Im JH, Baek JH, Kwon HY, et al. Incidence and risk factors of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2015, 31: 47-52.
[55]
白延宁, 王莉, 孙宝, 等. 利奈唑胺不良反应的文献统计分析[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2022, 42(20): 2166-2170.
[56]
Sharma K, Keri VC, Kumar TP, et al. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by linezolid causing lactic acidosis[J]. Trop Doct, 2023, 53(2): 315-316.
[57]
Dai Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y, et al. Linezolid and the risk of lactic acidosis: data mining and analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2020, 45(6): 1422-1426.
[58]
Liu T, Hu C, Wu J, et al. Incidence and associated risk factors for lactic acidosis induced by linezolid therapy in a case-control study in patients older than 85 years[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 604680.
[59]
Hsu SN, Shih MF, Yang CW, et al. Severe linezolid-induced lactic acidosis in a cirrhosis patient[J]. Nephrology (Carlton), 2015, 20(1): 47-48.
[60]
Im JH, Lee JS, Chung MH, et al. Effect of a serum lactate monitoring recommendation policy on patients treated with linezolid[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(1): e23790.
[61]
肖妍, 王鹏, 李如兵, 等. 利奈唑胺致严重烧伤患者高乳酸血症一例[J]. 中华烧伤杂志, 2019, 35(8): 614-616.
[62]
Lin B, Hu Y, Xu P, et al. Expert consensus statement on therapeutic drug monitoring and individualization of linezolid[J]. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 967311.
[63]
自雪梅, 张峻, 何瑾. 利奈唑胺血药浓度监测研究进展[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2022, 39(3): 424-428.
[64]
Pea F, Cojutti PG, Baraldo M. A 10-year experience of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of linezolid in a hospital-wide population of patients receiving conventional dosing: is there enough evidence for suggesting TDM in the majority of patients?[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol, 2017, 121(4): 303-308.
[65]
Matsumoto K, Takeshita A, Ikawa K, et al. Higher linezolid exposure and higher frequency of thrombocytopenia in patients with renal dysfunction[J]. Int J Antimicrob Ag, 2010, 36(2): 179-181.
[66]
Zhang SH, Zhu ZY, Chen Z, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and dosage optimization of linezolid in patients with liver dysfunction[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2020, 64(6): e00133-20.
[67]
Ehmann L, Simon P, Busse D, et al. Risk of target non-attainment in obese compared to non-obese patients in calculated linezolid therapy[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2020, 26(9): 1222-1228.
2024年第49卷第8期
PDF下载
189
79
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124
  • 接收时间:2023-08-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-08-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-14
  • 录用日期:2023-10-07
基金
作者信息
    1石河子大学药学院,新疆石河子 832003
    2新疆军区总医院药剂科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000

通讯作者:

王晓锋,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1083.2024.0124
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏