Article(id=1198558165882208950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558165093675863, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0229.2024.0530, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708963200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1716393600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-23, onlineDate=1763688134880, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1724774400000, pubDateStr=2024-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688134880, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688134880, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688134880, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558165093675863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='8', pageStart='855', pageEnd='976', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688134691, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689174168, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562525043327039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558165093675863, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562525043327040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558165093675863, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=897, endPage=904, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558166570074808, articleId=1198558165882208950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of different side tension pneumothorax on hemodynamic in pigs, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the effects of different side tension pneumothorax on hemodynamics in pigs, providing data support for the optimization of on-site first-aid procedures for pneumothorax. Methods Twelve Bama pigs were randomly divided into left-sided tension pneumothorax group and right-sided tension pneumothorax group (6 in each group). During the occurrence of pneumothorax and as the pleural pressure gradually increases by 1 mmHg increments, the key indicators were collected using pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) technology: hemodynamic indicators [global ejection fraction (GEF), cardiac output (CO), global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV), stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure (MAP)], basic vital signs [heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP)], and arterial blood gas parameters [partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)]. Mediastinal localization was subsequently performed using radiographs. Differences were investigated through comparison between the two groups and within each group before and after the procedure. Results By comparing the hemodynamic changes and X-ray examination results, twelve Bama pigs tension pneumothorax models were successfully constructed. Hemodynamic analysis showed that in left-sided tension pneumothorax model when the pleural pressure reached 8 mmHg, SBP, DBP, MAP, CO, GEF, SV, GEDV and ITBV were significantly lower than those during the occurrence of ipsilateral pneumothorax (P<0.05). In right-sided tension pneumothorax model, when the pleural pressure reached about 3 mmHg, SBP, DBP, MAP, SV, GEDV, and ITBV were significantly lower than those during the occurrence of ipsilateral pneumothorax (P<0.05). Blood gas analysis showed that at 8 mmHg for left-sided and 3 mmHg for right-sided tension pneumothorax, compared with the occurrence of their respective ipsilateral pneumothorax, PO2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) and PCO2 was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions There are different effects on hemodynamics in different side tension pneumothorax. Compared with left tension pneumothorax, right tension pneumothorax can lead to serious consequences under a smaller pleural pressure. Different side tension pneumothorax models can be constructed according to the actual situation when performing pneumothorax related experiments.

, correspAuthors=Wei Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨不同侧张力性气胸对猪血流动力学的影响,为优化气胸现场一线救治流程提供数据支持。方法 12只巴马猪随机分为左侧张力性气胸组与右侧张力性气胸组,每组6只。通过脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(PICCO)技术在气胸及以1 mmHg为单位逐渐增大的胸膜腔压力下采集相关指标,包括血流动力学指标[全心射血分数(GEF)、心输出量(CO)、全心舒张末容量(GEDV)、胸腔内血容量(ITBV)、每搏量(SV)、平均动脉压(MAP)]、基础生命体征指标[心率(HR)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)]及动脉血气指标[氧分压(PO2)、二氧化碳分压(PCO2)],随后使用X线片进行纵隔定位。通过两组之间互相比较及组内前后比较的方式探究其差异性。结果 通过比较血流动力学变化及X线片检查结果,12只巴马猪张力性气胸模型均构建成功。血流动力学分析结果显示,左侧张力性气胸在胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时,与同侧气胸时相比,SBP、DBP、MAP、CO、GEF、SV、GEDV及ITBV明显下降(P<0.05)。右侧张力性气胸在胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,与同侧气胸时相比,SBP、DBP、MAP、SV、GEDV及ITBV明显下降(P<0.05)。血气分析结果显示,左侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg)及右侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg)时,与各自同侧气胸时相比,PO2明显降低(P<0.05),PCO2明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 不同侧张力性气胸存在差异性,在较小的胸膜腔压力下右侧张力性气胸较左侧更易导致严重后果。进行张力性气胸相关实验时可根据实际情况构建不同侧张力性气胸模型。

, correspAuthors=陈威, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈威, E-mail:
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黄河山,硕士研究生,主要从事气胸早期识别与预测方面的研究

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黄河山,硕士研究生,主要从事气胸早期识别与预测方面的研究

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province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Department of Emergency, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558169464144619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, companyId=1198558169451561705, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5解放军总医院第三医学中心急诊科,北京 100039)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198558173650060172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=X-ray films of left pneumothorax and left tension pneumothorax in pigs, figureFileSmall=dfhyTevQaTu2sOPAdGLlZA==, figureFileBig=fw4axCD4zgAFeewoiZUgHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558173759112088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=图1, caption=猪左侧气胸与张力性气胸X线片

A. 左侧气胸(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg);B. 左侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg)

, figureFileSmall=dfhyTevQaTu2sOPAdGLlZA==, figureFileBig=fw4axCD4zgAFeewoiZUgHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174035936165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=X-ray films of right pneumothorax and right tension pneumothorax in pigs, figureFileSmall=/rJ0X0wdVh7PkkYt3enZfg==, figureFileBig=yACbfbXT3DdaAWAS0SBjgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174124016552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=图2, caption=猪右侧气胸与张力性气胸 X线片

A. 右侧气胸(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg);B. 右侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg)

, figureFileSmall=/rJ0X0wdVh7PkkYt3enZfg==, figureFileBig=yACbfbXT3DdaAWAS0SBjgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174228874159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes of hemodynamic parameters in different side tension pneumothorax in pigs, figureFileSmall=/iNDfWVjDBv14l0rdG2tFw==, figureFileBig=bh34eOtC7WRCxD6rRwlFyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174405034945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=图3, caption=猪不同侧张力性气胸血流动力学指标的变化

SBP. 收缩压;DBP. 舒张压;与同侧气胸(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg)时比较,(1)P<0.05;相同胸膜腔压力时,两侧张力性气胸对应指标比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=/iNDfWVjDBv14l0rdG2tFw==, figureFileBig=bh34eOtC7WRCxD6rRwlFyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174493115334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes of ITBV and GEDV in different side tension pneumothorax in pig models and echocardiographic images of right tension pneumothorax (pleural pressure of 3 mmHg) detected by contrast echocardiography, figureFileSmall=85FafSYMY3Rc9Eonwp9hbQ==, figureFileBig=QscYn7TxIYrhcq5LJSG/WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174593778635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=图4, caption=猪不同侧张力性气胸模型时ITBV、GEDV的变化趋势及右侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时)的心脏超声影像

ITBV. 胸腔内血容量;GEDV. 全心舒张末容量;A. ITBV、GEDV的变化趋势;B. 超声心动图;与同侧气胸时(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg)比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=85FafSYMY3Rc9Eonwp9hbQ==, figureFileBig=QscYn7TxIYrhcq5LJSG/WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174669276114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes of PO2 and PCO2 in different side tension pneumothorax in pigs, figureFileSmall=wuFiO+Ib2C7UcBSGx+3fsQ==, figureFileBig=N45cn5TtF9Hklg9A6Tt6cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174795105241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=图5, caption=猪不同侧张力性气胸PO2及PCO2变化

PO2. 氧分压;PCO2. 二氧化碳分压;与同侧气胸时(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg)比较,(1)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=wuFiO+Ib2C7UcBSGx+3fsQ==, figureFileBig=N45cn5TtF9Hklg9A6Tt6cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558174912545759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Trends of hemodynamic and arterial blood gas parameters with thoracic pressure in left tension pneumothorax in pigs ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 SBP(mmHg) DBP(mmHg)

HR

(次/min)

CO

(L/min)

GEF(%) SV(ml) GEDV(ml) ITBV(ml) PO2(mmHg) PCO2(mmHg) MAP(mmHg)
气胸前 141.3±6.7 94.5±9.7 79.2±34.6 4.1±1.6 39.2±8.9 54.0±12.3 662.5±52.7 808.8±72.6 87.7±6.8 42.3±4.5 113.3±6.4
气胸 140.7±8.1 91.5±10.0 79.2±34.7 4.1±1.6 37.7±8.1 52.2±11.8 647.8±59.6 797.5±74.8 84.3±8.1 44.0±5.0 116.5±7.3
胸膜腔压力(mmHg)
1 139.5±7.6 94.3±11.1 87.3±37.4 3.8±1.0 38.2±7.2 49.2±12.1 561.3±70.8 701.5±88.4 60.3±6.7(1) 43.3±6.1 114.3±8.9
2 135.8±9.9 91.8±12.1 93.2±34.0 3.7±0.9 35.2±7.4 41.5±9.4 549.0±55.1 686.0±68.5 59.0±5.3(1) 44.0±4.6 111.5±9.4
3 128.3±9.7 86.7±14.1 96.3±31.7 3.6±0.9 33.0±5.5 40.3±8.1(1) 525.8±63.8(1) 657.0±80.0(1) 58.0±4.4(1) 46.0±4.6 103.9±11.7
4 120.7±15.1(1)(2) 80.2±13.3 101.1±32.5 3.6±0.9 31.0±7.8 37.2±7.0(1)(2) 510.3±66.4(1) 641.3±86.7(1) 57.0±4.6(1) 45.7±5.5 96.7±12.4(1)(2)(3)
5 115.3±20.8(1)(2)(3) 77.5±13.2(1)(2)(3) 103.3±31.0 3.4±0.8 26.5±9.2(1)(2) 33.7±9.2(1)(2) 490.8±71.6(1) 612.8±89.6(1) 58.0±5.6(1) 43.7±6.4 93.5±14.2(1)(2)(3)
6 102.0±18.1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) 67.3±10.9(1)(2)(3)(4) 104.8±30.8 3.1±0.6 23.5±8.8(1)(2)(3)(4) 31.0±10.0(1)(2) 485.3±87.2(1) 594.8±94.9(1) 55.0±4.0(1) 45.0±4.6 81.2±13.9(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
7 87.5±21.2(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) 58.0±12.4(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) 105±30.8 2.9±0.7 22.8±7.1(1)(2)(3)(4) 29.2±10.2(1)(2)(3) 480.0±89.3(1) 594.3±89.5(1) 56.0±5.3(1) 46.0±5.3 69.5±15.1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
8 76.2±14.7(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) 49.5±9.2(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) 108.8±37.0 2.7±0.6(1) 21.0±6.8(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) 30.8±7.6(1)(2) 479.3±91.4(1) 587.5±99.2(1) 44.7±7.0(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) 53.0±5.3(1)(2)(3)(6) 58.3±10.3(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
F 16.2 11.2 0.6 1.2 4.7 5.1 3.5 3.6 15.4 1.0 19.2
P <0.01 <0.01 0.77 0.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.49 <0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1198558175021597668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

猪左侧张力性气胸血流动力学与动脉血气指标随胸腔压力变化趋势($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 SBP(mmHg) DBP(mmHg)

HR

(次/min)

CO

(L/min)

GEF(%) SV(ml) GEDV(ml) ITBV(ml) PO2(mmHg) PCO2(mmHg) MAP(mmHg)
气胸前 141.3±6.7 94.5±9.7 79.2±34.6 4.1±1.6 39.2±8.9 54.0±12.3 662.5±52.7 808.8±72.6 87.7±6.8 42.3±4.5 113.3±6.4
气胸 140.7±8.1 91.5±10.0 79.2±34.7 4.1±1.6 37.7±8.1 52.2±11.8 647.8±59.6 797.5±74.8 84.3±8.1 44.0±5.0 116.5±7.3
胸膜腔压力(mmHg)
1 139.5±7.6 94.3±11.1 87.3±37.4 3.8±1.0 38.2±7.2 49.2±12.1 561.3±70.8 701.5±88.4 60.3±6.7(1) 43.3±6.1 114.3±8.9
2 135.8±9.9 91.8±12.1 93.2±34.0 3.7±0.9 35.2±7.4 41.5±9.4 549.0±55.1 686.0±68.5 59.0±5.3(1) 44.0±4.6 111.5±9.4
3 128.3±9.7 86.7±14.1 96.3±31.7 3.6±0.9 33.0±5.5 40.3±8.1(1) 525.8±63.8(1) 657.0±80.0(1) 58.0±4.4(1) 46.0±4.6 103.9±11.7
4 120.7±15.1(1)(2) 80.2±13.3 101.1±32.5 3.6±0.9 31.0±7.8 37.2±7.0(1)(2) 510.3±66.4(1) 641.3±86.7(1) 57.0±4.6(1) 45.7±5.5 96.7±12.4(1)(2)(3)
5 115.3±20.8(1)(2)(3) 77.5±13.2(1)(2)(3) 103.3±31.0 3.4±0.8 26.5±9.2(1)(2) 33.7±9.2(1)(2) 490.8±71.6(1) 612.8±89.6(1) 58.0±5.6(1) 43.7±6.4 93.5±14.2(1)(2)(3)
6 102.0±18.1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) 67.3±10.9(1)(2)(3)(4) 104.8±30.8 3.1±0.6 23.5±8.8(1)(2)(3)(4) 31.0±10.0(1)(2) 485.3±87.2(1) 594.8±94.9(1) 55.0±4.0(1) 45.0±4.6 81.2±13.9(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
7 87.5±21.2(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) 58.0±12.4(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) 105±30.8 2.9±0.7 22.8±7.1(1)(2)(3)(4) 29.2±10.2(1)(2)(3) 480.0±89.3(1) 594.3±89.5(1) 56.0±5.3(1) 46.0±5.3 69.5±15.1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
8 76.2±14.7(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) 49.5±9.2(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) 108.8±37.0 2.7±0.6(1) 21.0±6.8(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) 30.8±7.6(1)(2) 479.3±91.4(1) 587.5±99.2(1) 44.7±7.0(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) 53.0±5.3(1)(2)(3)(6) 58.3±10.3(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
F 16.2 11.2 0.6 1.2 4.7 5.1 3.5 3.6 15.4 1.0 19.2
P <0.01 <0.01 0.77 0.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.49 <0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1198558175130649581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Trends of hemodynamics and arterial blood gas parameters with pleural pressure in right tension pneumothorax in pigs($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 气胸前 气胸 胸膜腔压力(mmHg) F P
1 2 3
SBP(mmHg) 148.3±9.2 147.0±8.4 137.7±8.9 118.2±9.7(1)(2) 87.3±6.3(1)(2)(3) 53.3 <0.01
DBP(mmHg) 101.7±8.3 104.7±7.3 99.8±8.3 85.7±9.5(1)(2) 63.5±6.2(1)(2)(3) 27.2 <0.01
HR(次/min) 77.3±22.8 76.2±24.8 87±16.3 101.3±10.7 105.7±14.5(1) 3.2 0.03
CO(L/min) 4.2±1.6 4.2±1.6 3.9±1.3 3.6±0.9 3.5±0.9 0.5 0.70
GEF(%) 34.3±7.2 34.2±8.8 30.3±7.6 25.5±7.4 23.2±8.8(1) 2.4 0.08
SV(ml) 57.5±13.7 57.0±14.5 48.7±13.8 37.8±11.7(1) 34.8±10.3(1) 4.0 0.01
GEDV(ml) 692.7±54.6 683.3±58.3 610±65.6 570.3±19.0(1) 553.0±21.0(1) 5.3 0.02
ITBV(ml) 835.3±45.0 841.7±51.4 756.7±50.3(1) 712.7±23.0(1) 691.0±27.5(1) 8.4 <0.01
PO2(mmHg) 80.3±7.9 76.2±10.2 53.7±7.7(1) 47.5±13.7(1) 43.2±14.0(1) 14.2 <0.01
PCO2(mmHg) 44.3±5.2 45.8±5.3 47.6±4.4 51.0±7.3 53.2±10.2(1) 1.8 0.17
MAP(mmHg) 119.2±8.4 120.3±4.3 115.3±7.9 99.5±9.7(1)(2) 71.7±4.8(1)(2)(3) 46.7 <0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1198558175210341359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558165882208950, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

猪右侧张力性气胸血流动力学与动脉血气指标随胸腔压力变化的趋势($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 气胸前 气胸 胸膜腔压力(mmHg) F P
1 2 3
SBP(mmHg) 148.3±9.2 147.0±8.4 137.7±8.9 118.2±9.7(1)(2) 87.3±6.3(1)(2)(3) 53.3 <0.01
DBP(mmHg) 101.7±8.3 104.7±7.3 99.8±8.3 85.7±9.5(1)(2) 63.5±6.2(1)(2)(3) 27.2 <0.01
HR(次/min) 77.3±22.8 76.2±24.8 87±16.3 101.3±10.7 105.7±14.5(1) 3.2 0.03
CO(L/min) 4.2±1.6 4.2±1.6 3.9±1.3 3.6±0.9 3.5±0.9 0.5 0.70
GEF(%) 34.3±7.2 34.2±8.8 30.3±7.6 25.5±7.4 23.2±8.8(1) 2.4 0.08
SV(ml) 57.5±13.7 57.0±14.5 48.7±13.8 37.8±11.7(1) 34.8±10.3(1) 4.0 0.01
GEDV(ml) 692.7±54.6 683.3±58.3 610±65.6 570.3±19.0(1) 553.0±21.0(1) 5.3 0.02
ITBV(ml) 835.3±45.0 841.7±51.4 756.7±50.3(1) 712.7±23.0(1) 691.0±27.5(1) 8.4 <0.01
PO2(mmHg) 80.3±7.9 76.2±10.2 53.7±7.7(1) 47.5±13.7(1) 43.2±14.0(1) 14.2 <0.01
PCO2(mmHg) 44.3±5.2 45.8±5.3 47.6±4.4 51.0±7.3 53.2±10.2(1) 1.8 0.17
MAP(mmHg) 119.2±8.4 120.3±4.3 115.3±7.9 99.5±9.7(1)(2) 71.7±4.8(1)(2)(3) 46.7 <0.01
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不同侧张力性气胸对猪血流动力学的影响
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黄河山 1 , 刘鹏飞 1 , 豆梦杰 2 , 陈思羽 3 , 吕发勤 4 , 陈威 5, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(8): 897-904
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(8): 897-904
不同侧张力性气胸对猪血流动力学的影响
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黄河山1, 刘鹏飞1, 豆梦杰2, 陈思羽3, 吕发勤4, 陈威5, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军医学院,北京 100853
  • 2锦州医科大学解放军总医院第三医学中心研究生培养基地,北京 100039
  • 3首都医科大学基础医学院,北京 100069
  • 4解放军总医院第三医学中心超声科,北京 100039
  • 5解放军总医院第三医学中心急诊科,北京 100039
  • 黄河山,硕士研究生,主要从事气胸早期识别与预测方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈威, E-mail:
Effects of different side tension pneumothorax on hemodynamic in pigs
He-Shan Huang1, Peng-Fei Liu1, Meng-Jie Dou2, Si-Yu Chen3, Fa-Qin Lyu4, Wei Chen5, *
Affiliations
  • 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Postgraduate Training Base, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Beijing 100039, China
  • 3Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
  • 4Department of Ultrasound, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 5Department of Emergency, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
出版时间: 2024-08-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0229.2024.0530
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目的 探讨不同侧张力性气胸对猪血流动力学的影响,为优化气胸现场一线救治流程提供数据支持。方法 12只巴马猪随机分为左侧张力性气胸组与右侧张力性气胸组,每组6只。通过脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(PICCO)技术在气胸及以1 mmHg为单位逐渐增大的胸膜腔压力下采集相关指标,包括血流动力学指标[全心射血分数(GEF)、心输出量(CO)、全心舒张末容量(GEDV)、胸腔内血容量(ITBV)、每搏量(SV)、平均动脉压(MAP)]、基础生命体征指标[心率(HR)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)]及动脉血气指标[氧分压(PO2)、二氧化碳分压(PCO2)],随后使用X线片进行纵隔定位。通过两组之间互相比较及组内前后比较的方式探究其差异性。结果 通过比较血流动力学变化及X线片检查结果,12只巴马猪张力性气胸模型均构建成功。血流动力学分析结果显示,左侧张力性气胸在胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时,与同侧气胸时相比,SBP、DBP、MAP、CO、GEF、SV、GEDV及ITBV明显下降(P<0.05)。右侧张力性气胸在胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,与同侧气胸时相比,SBP、DBP、MAP、SV、GEDV及ITBV明显下降(P<0.05)。血气分析结果显示,左侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg)及右侧张力性气胸(胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg)时,与各自同侧气胸时相比,PO2明显降低(P<0.05),PCO2明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 不同侧张力性气胸存在差异性,在较小的胸膜腔压力下右侧张力性气胸较左侧更易导致严重后果。进行张力性气胸相关实验时可根据实际情况构建不同侧张力性气胸模型。

张力性气胸  /  动物模型  /  自主呼吸  /  血流动力学

Objective To explore the effects of different side tension pneumothorax on hemodynamics in pigs, providing data support for the optimization of on-site first-aid procedures for pneumothorax. Methods Twelve Bama pigs were randomly divided into left-sided tension pneumothorax group and right-sided tension pneumothorax group (6 in each group). During the occurrence of pneumothorax and as the pleural pressure gradually increases by 1 mmHg increments, the key indicators were collected using pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) technology: hemodynamic indicators [global ejection fraction (GEF), cardiac output (CO), global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV), stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure (MAP)], basic vital signs [heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP)], and arterial blood gas parameters [partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)]. Mediastinal localization was subsequently performed using radiographs. Differences were investigated through comparison between the two groups and within each group before and after the procedure. Results By comparing the hemodynamic changes and X-ray examination results, twelve Bama pigs tension pneumothorax models were successfully constructed. Hemodynamic analysis showed that in left-sided tension pneumothorax model when the pleural pressure reached 8 mmHg, SBP, DBP, MAP, CO, GEF, SV, GEDV and ITBV were significantly lower than those during the occurrence of ipsilateral pneumothorax (P<0.05). In right-sided tension pneumothorax model, when the pleural pressure reached about 3 mmHg, SBP, DBP, MAP, SV, GEDV, and ITBV were significantly lower than those during the occurrence of ipsilateral pneumothorax (P<0.05). Blood gas analysis showed that at 8 mmHg for left-sided and 3 mmHg for right-sided tension pneumothorax, compared with the occurrence of their respective ipsilateral pneumothorax, PO2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) and PCO2 was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions There are different effects on hemodynamics in different side tension pneumothorax. Compared with left tension pneumothorax, right tension pneumothorax can lead to serious consequences under a smaller pleural pressure. Different side tension pneumothorax models can be constructed according to the actual situation when performing pneumothorax related experiments.

tension pneumothorax  /  animal model  /  autonomous respiration  /  hemodynamics
黄河山, 刘鹏飞, 豆梦杰, 陈思羽, 吕发勤, 陈威. 不同侧张力性气胸对猪血流动力学的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (8) : 897 -904 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0229.2024.0530
He-Shan Huang, Peng-Fei Liu, Meng-Jie Dou, Si-Yu Chen, Fa-Qin Lyu, Wei Chen. Effects of different side tension pneumothorax on hemodynamic in pigs[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (8) : 897 -904 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0229.2024.0530
创伤性气胸是胸部战创伤中常见的损伤之一[1],也是临床急诊常见的危急症[2]。常见的气胸类型中,闭合性气胸破损部位若不及时处置,持续漏气可导致危及生命的张力性气胸[3]。张力性气胸可造成纵隔、心脏等结构被压迫,使心脏泵血功能衰竭,进而导致循环功能障碍[4]。Liu等[5]、Holcomb等[6]及Naik等[7]均提出了建立张力性气胸的方案,但主要探讨的是气胸基本模型的构建方式,并未对不同侧张力性气胸的差异性进行描述。左侧和右侧张力性气胸对血流动力学的影响是否一致,尚未见文献报道。因此,本研究结合现场救治及灾害救援的实际情况,通过建立一种更加简便可靠的自主呼吸条件下的张力性气胸模型,探究不同侧张力性气胸对血流动力学的差异化影响,旨在为临床上不同侧张力性气胸的救治提供依据。
胸腔闭式引流管(艾贝尔医疗器械有限公司)、双腔中心静脉导管(上海全安医疗器械有限公司)、心输出量监测(pulse indicator continuous cardiac output,PICCO)监护仪(德国PULSION公司)、热稀释导管及压力监测套装 (德国PULSION公司)、GEM premier 3000血气分析仪(美国IL公司)、压力计(深圳聚茂源科技有限公司)、X射线机(美国GE公司)。
巴马猪12只,雌雄不限,体重40~50 kg,购自北京跬步实创生物科技公司[实验动物使用许可证号:SCXK(京)2023-0015]。采用数字法将实验动物随机编号,将12只动物分为左侧张力性气胸组与右侧张力性气胸组,每组6只。本研究通过实创生物科技有限公司实验动物福利伦理审批(SC2023-10-005)。
(1)麻醉:混合麻醉剂(舒泰:陆眠宁=5:4),按0.1 ml/kg肌内注射给药,实验过程中根据麻醉深度补充剂量。(2)建立循环监测通道:麻醉后,超声引导下颈内静脉插入中心静脉导管;股动脉插入PICCO热稀释导管;将上述管路连接PICCO循环监测仪。(3)张力性气胸模型的构建:实验猪仰卧位固定于手术台,麻醉状态下,保留动物自主呼吸,右侧胸或左侧胸腋前线第4、5肋间,超声引导下穿刺,注入10 ml生理盐水分离脏胸膜与壁胸膜,置入胸腔闭式引流管,将压力表连接引流管,测压力为0 mmHg时,表明气胸形成。观察10 min后,以1 mmHg压力为基准单位,通过注入空气逐步增加胸膜腔压力。
血流动力学指标:全心射血分数(global ejection fraction,GEF)、心输出量(cardiac output,CO)、全心舒张末容量(global end-diastolic volume,GEDV)、胸腔内血容量(intrathoracic blood volume,ITBV)、每搏量(stroke volume,SV)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)。基础生命体征指标:心率(heart rate,HR)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)。血气分析指标:氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PO2)、二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PCO2)。呼气末胸膜腔内压力从气胸(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg)开始,以1 mmHg为单位逐步加压至8 mmHg,每增加1 mmHg压力即记录一次血流动力学数据,抽血进行血气分析,并采用X线片进行纵隔定位。每增加1 mmHg压力间隔2~3 min[8]。通过比较同一侧模型中不同胸膜腔压力下的各检测指标,以及相同胸膜腔压力下两侧模型检测指标来明确不同侧张力性气胸模型是否存在差异性。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,同侧气胸前后指标差异以及相同胸膜腔压力下两侧对应指标差异比较采用t检验;气胸及张力性气胸不同胸膜腔压力下检测指标的比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
自主呼吸的情形下,随着胸膜腔压力的逐渐增大,所有猪的血压及CO呈现出逐步降低的趋势。气胸时各检测指标与气胸前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与气胸时比较,胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时的SBP、DBP、MAP、CO、GEF、SV、GEDV、ITBV均明显降低(P<0.05)(表1)。
在胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg时,X线片上可见左侧肺轻度压缩,肺野可见无纹理区,内侧可见被压缩的肺组织边缘,但纵隔未发生明显偏移(图1A);在胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时,X线片上可见左侧肺明显压缩,纵隔向右侧移位(图1B)。
自主呼吸的情形下,随着胸膜腔压力的逐渐增大,所有猪的血压及CO呈现逐步降低的趋势。气胸时各检测指标与气胸前比较差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。与气胸时比较,胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时的SBP、DBP、MAP、SV、GEDV、ITBV均明显降低(P<0.05)(表2)。
在胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg时,X线片上可见右侧肺轻度压缩,肺野可见无纹理区,内侧可见被压缩的肺组织边缘,但纵隔未发生明显偏移(图2A)。在胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,X线片上可见右侧肺明显压缩,纵隔向左侧移位(图2B)。
胸膜腔压力为2 mmHg时,右侧张力性气胸模型SBP明显低于气胸时(胸膜腔压力为0 mmHg)(P<0.05);胸膜腔压力为4 mmHg时,左侧张力性气胸模型SBP明显低于气胸时(P<0.05);胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,双侧张力性气胸模型SBP出现差异(P<0.05),可见右侧胸膜腔压力变化对于SBP影响较左侧大(图3)。
右侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为2 mmHg时DBP明显低于气胸时(P<0.05);左侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为5 mmHg时DBP明显低于气胸时(P<0.05),可见在同等胸膜腔压力变化的基础上,右侧张力性气胸模型DBP变化幅度较左侧张力性气胸模型明显(图3)。
胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时,左侧张力性气胸模型HR高于气胸时(P<0.05);胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,右侧张力性气胸模型HR与气胸时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与左侧张力性气胸模型在8 mmHg压力下的数值近似,可见右侧张力性气胸较小的压力即可导致HR更为明显的代偿(图3)。
右侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时CO与气胸时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);左侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时CO明显低于气胸时(P<0.05)。从胸膜腔压力递增至3 mmHg,与左侧张力性气胸模型比较,右侧张力性气胸模型CO下降幅度大(图3)。
右侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为2 mmHg时SV明显低于气胸时(P<0.05);左侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时SV明显低于气胸时(P<0.05),可见从气胸至胸膜腔压力3 mmHg,与左侧张力性气胸模型比较,右侧张力性气胸模型SV下降幅度大(图3)。
右侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时GEF明显低于气胸时(P<0.05);左侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为5 mmHg时GEF明显低于气胸时(P<0.05);胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,两侧张力性气胸模型GEF出现差异(P<0.05),可见在同等胸膜腔压力变化的基础上,右侧张力性气胸模型GEF变化幅度较左侧张力性气胸模型明显(图3)。
右侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为2 mmHg时GEDV及ITBV明显低于气胸时(P<0.05);左侧张力性气胸模型下,胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时GEDV及ITBV明显低于气胸时(P<0.05)(图4A),此外,超声心动图也可见右侧张力性气胸使得右心房被压闭,回心血量减少(图4B)。
在胸膜腔压力1 mmHg下,不同侧张力性气胸模型PO2较气胸时明显降低(P<0.05);左侧张力性气胸模型时,胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时PCO2明显高于气胸时(P<0.05);右侧张力性气胸模型时,胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时PCO2明显高于气胸时(P<0.05),可见张力性气胸对PO2的影响更明显。以同等胸膜腔压力(1 mmHg)递增时,右侧张力性气胸模型PO2及PCO2变化均较左侧张力性气胸模型变化明显(图5)。
美军2002-2012年度胸部战伤统计数据显示,发生率居前3位的损伤类型为肺挫伤(46.4%)、气胸(39.5%)及胸壁损伤(38.3%)[9],其实战数据表明,早期救治可使其中90%以上的伤员生命得到救治[10]。在俄乌冲突中,创伤性气胸仍然是战现场一线救治必须慎重对待的重要伤情[11]。因此,在受伤早期识别出此类伤员,并在战争现场一线救治阶段就对其进行急救处置是至关重要的。
在平时,对于单个个体,在有充足的医疗资源支持下,无论哪一侧的张力性气胸均可得到及时有效的治疗;但在战现场一线救治或灾难救援现场,由于伤员的批量产生,同时面对较多的可能存在张力性气胸伤的救治任务时,救治先后的顺序问题应引起重视。
对于张力性气胸,尽早识别并干预是减少死亡的最佳手段[12]。本研究发现,导致不同侧张力性气胸出现同等严重后果的胸膜腔压力不同,不同侧张力性气胸存在差异性,右侧张力性气胸所能承受的最大压力较左侧小。同等压力变化下,右侧张力性气胸较左侧张力性气胸可能导致的后果严重。
张力性气胸的生理学机制主要包括纵隔移位、心脏充盈和心源性休克[8,13]。对于张力性气胸在动物实验中诊断的标准定义,多项研究探索后发现,其本身的进展受通气方法、氧含量、容量状态和体位等多种因素的影响[5-7,14]
有研究表明,与仰卧位比较,俯卧位时的静脉血回流至右心房的阻力较小,因而仰卧位更可能增加心血管事件的发生风险[15]。本研究中猪处于仰卧位,较正常状态心脏负荷增大,且右心房壁较左心房壁平均厚度小[16],因而右侧张力性气胸对右心房的压迫效果较左侧张力性气胸明显,导致在同等压力下的右心房更易被压迫,从而造成回心血量减少。此外,胸膜腔压力压迫腔静脉不同位置,可能出现静脉扭曲,回流不畅,也可导致回心血量减少。临床上常使用中心静脉压来衡量腔静脉压力,但在张力性气胸的条件下,胸膜腔内的压力会对中心静脉压测量的准确度造成严重影响[17],测量的数值可靠性不高[18]。仰卧位时猪心脏所受重力与正常状态相反,周围脏器对心脏的压力发生变化,可能导致心脏出现相对位移,加之猪心解剖位置偏左,使得在同等压力下,右侧的压力更容易推动心脏向左侧偏移,从而造成不同侧张力性气胸出现差异。
Kheirabadi等[19]认为,左侧1.4~1.8 L的空气即可诱发猪张力性气胸;本研究中,左侧张力性气胸模型平均每200~250 ml空气可使压力上升约1 mmHg,空气总量具有一致性。Kotora等[20]认为,(29.0±11.5) ml/kg空气可诱发猪右侧张力性气胸,本研究中右侧张力性气胸模型平均每350~400 ml空气可使压力上升1 mmHg,也基本符合张力性气胸的发展规律。本研究发现,右侧张力性气胸在胸膜腔压力为3 mmHg时,左侧张力性气胸在胸膜腔压力为8 mmHg时,主要血流动力学指标较初始值发生明显变化。
胸膜腔压力的升高,使两侧张力性气胸模型氧气交换量均减少,PO2下降,PCO2升高。本研究发现,胸膜腔压力从3 mmHg递增至7 mmHg过程中,左侧张力性气胸模型的PO2及PCO2变化会进入相对稳定的平台期,变化幅度较小,考虑是动物对左侧张力性气胸出现了一定程度的耐受性,直至8 mmHg时出现较为明显的变化。右侧张力性气胸模型则变化较为明显,无明显平台期,表明实验动物对于右侧张力性气胸的耐受性较差。
对于40~50 kg的猪,右侧张力性气胸模型胸膜腔压力增至3 mmHg,左侧张力性气胸模型胸膜腔压力增至8 mmHg时即可造成明显的血流动力学障碍,因此,在同等体积气体或同等压力下,左侧张力性气胸对循环的影响相对较小,右侧张力性气胸较左侧更易导致严重后果,即少量容积的气体即可使右侧张力性气胸引发致死性后果。Raza等[21]通过猪心脏移植证实猪心与人类心脏大小相似,且管道分布和动力输出类似[22-23],猪心脏瓣膜更是已广泛应用于人体[24]。因此,对于人不同侧张力性气胸差异性的研究同样具有启发意义。在现场一线救治及灾害救援中,对于右侧张力性气胸的伤情较左侧更应该予以关注。
基于以上结果,不管是探究张力性气胸本身的发展规律,还是气胸救治设备的有效性验证或改进上,需要构建猪的张力性气胸模型时,建议根据实际情况有倾向性地选择,左侧张力性气胸模型压力变化安全范围较大,实验容错率较高,一定范围内压力的变化不容易导致实验动物产生不可逆的后果,利于观察气胸的变化过程。右侧张力性气胸模型变化范围小,少量空气即可导致显著变化,利于观察救治效果。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,猪的不同侧张力性气胸对血流动力学的影响存在差异性,左右两侧胸腔在同等胸膜腔压力下的临床反应不一致,最高能承受的胸膜腔压力也不同,提示在现场一线救治及灾害救援中,检伤分类时应当考虑到不同侧张力性气胸的差异性。不同侧张力性气胸伤情在一线救治流程中的顺序问题,也应当引起注意。当然,本研究也存在不足之处:(1)暂未涉及半小时及以后更长时间内张力性气胸相应指标的变化趋势;(2)只考虑了右侧张力性气胸较左侧张力性气胸救治的优先性,并未涉及到单侧张力性气胸与双侧同时存在张力性气胸的优先性对比;(3)未考虑血胸的影响;(4)动物实验不能完全替代临床试验,需要进一步完善临床相关的研究。因此,下一步将基于不同侧张力性气胸对猪血流动力学的影响,考虑推进临床相关的研究,继续完善关于人的不同侧张力性气胸差异性研究,并进一步推动张力性气胸伤情救治流程的优化、救治理念的创新,以及救治设备的研发。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3006202)
  • 国防科技创新特区(20-163-12-2T-006-001-03)
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2024年第49卷第8期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0229.2024.0530
  • 接收时间:2024-02-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-27
  • 录用日期:2024-05-23
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3006202)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3006202)
Special Zone for National Defense Science and Technology Innovation(20-163-12-2T-006-001-03)
国防科技创新特区(20-163-12-2T-006-001-03)
作者信息
    1解放军医学院,北京 100853
    2锦州医科大学解放军总医院第三医学中心研究生培养基地,北京 100039
    3首都医科大学基础医学院,北京 100069
    4解放军总医院第三医学中心超声科,北京 100039
    5解放军总医院第三医学中心急诊科,北京 100039

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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