Article(id=1198558113247887403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558106218230069, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0030.2024.0607, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705248000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1714406400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-30, onlineDate=1763688122330, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1727452800000, pubDateStr=2024-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688122330, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688122330, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688122330, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558106218230069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='9', pageStart='977', pageEnd='1098', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688120655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689155065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562444915339352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558106218230069, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562444915339353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558106218230069, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=977, endPage=985, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558113596014670, articleId=1198558113247887403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Quality evaluation of childhood autism guidelines/consensus based on AGREE and RIGHT, columnId=1190310109461971339, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Guideline and Consensus, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of published guidelines/consensus for childhood autism (CA), providing a basis for formulating domestic CA guidelines. Methods We searched databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Medlive, PubMed, national institute of health and clinical excellence (NICE), national guideline clearinghouse (NGC), and Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network (SIGN) for Chinese and foreign guideline/consensus on childhood autism published before February 1, 2024. Two researchers independently evaluated the methodology and reporting quality of the guideline/consensus using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) tools. Results After literature screening, 19 CA guidelines/consensus were included, comprising 11 guidelines, 7 consensus, and 1 expert recommendation, with 9 domestic and 10 foreign articles. The AGREE Ⅱ evaluation scores for the six domains were as follows: scope and purpose (91.1%±4.5%), stakeholder involvement (86.8%±6.7%), rigour of development (83.0%±10.2%), clarity of presentation (84.3%±6.2%), applicability (82.7%±13.3%), and editorial independence (65.4%±21.8%). The RIGHT checklist reported rates for the seven domains were: basic information (87.6%±11.0%), background (87.6%±13.8%), evidence (81.1%±22.6%), recommendation (71.1%±38.4%), review and quality assurance (83.5%±16.7%), funding and declaration and management of interests (48.7%±29.4%), and other information (64.4%±11.8%). The domain with the lowest score for methodological quality was "editorial independence" and for reporting quality, it was "funding and declaration and management of interests". The reporting rate of domestic articles (26.2%±1.5%) was significantly lower than that of foreign articles (52.6%±2.2%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall quality of current childhood autism guidelines/consensus requires improvement. During the formulation and reporting of guidelines/consensus, strictly adhering to AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT is imperative, and it is essential to clearly report funding sources and conflicts of interest.

, correspAuthors=Jia Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 评估已发表的儿童孤独症(CA)诊疗指南/共识的方法学质量和报告质量情况,为我国CA诊疗指南和共识的制订提供建议。方法 检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(Wanfang Data)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、医脉通(Medlive)、PubMed、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)、美国国家指南库(NGC)、苏格兰校际指南网络(SIGN)等数据库收录的国内外CA诊疗指南/共识(时间截至2024年2月1日),由两位研究人员分别独立使用指南的研究和评估工具第二版(AGREE Ⅱ)和国际实践指南报告规范(RIGHT)评价纳入指南/共识的方法学质量及报告质量,并进一步使用RIGHT对国内外指南/共识的报告质量进行比较。结果 通过文献筛选,最终纳入19篇CA诊疗指南/共识,其中指南11篇,共识7篇,专家建议1篇;国内9篇,国外10篇。采用AGREE Ⅱ评价19篇指南/共识的6个领域得分率分别为范围和目的(91.1%±4.5%)、参与人员(86.8%±6.7%)、严谨性(83.0%±10.2%)、清晰性(84.3%±6.2%)、应用性(82.7%±13.3%)、编辑的独立性(65.4%±21.8%)。采用RIGHT清单评价19篇指南/共识的7个领域报告率分别为基本信息(87.6%±11.0%)、背景(87.6%±13.8%)、证据(81.1%±22.6%)、推荐意见(71.1%±38.4%)、评审和质量保证(83.5%±16.7%)、资助与利益冲突(48.7%±29.4%)、其他(64.4%±11.8%)。从方法学质量来看,“编辑的独立性”领域得分率最低;从报告质量来看,“资助和利益冲突”领域报告率最低。从国内外指南/共识条目报告率来看,国内条目报告率(26.2%±1.5%)明显低于国外条目报告率(52.6%±2.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 当前CA诊疗指南/共识的总体质量仍有待改进,在制订及报告指南的过程中,应明确报告资金来源和利益冲突,严格按照AGREE Ⅱ和RIGHT制订。

, correspAuthors=刘佳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘佳,E-mail:
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邓辉,硕士研究生,主要从事临床循证方法学和针灸治疗消化病机制方面的研究

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邓辉,硕士研究生,主要从事临床循证方法学和针灸治疗消化病机制方面的研究

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邓辉,硕士研究生,主要从事临床循证方法学和针灸治疗消化病机制方面的研究

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(2014-11-18)[2023-11-22]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548960., articleTitle=WHO handbook for guideline development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198558126883570311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=96, issue=4, pageStart=250, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=蒋朱明, 詹思延, 贾晓巍, journalName=中华医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋朱明, 詹思延, 贾晓巍, 等. 制订/修订《临床诊疗指南》的基本方法及程序[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2016, 96(4): 250-253., articleTitle=制订/修订《临床诊疗指南》的基本方法及程序, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198558121737159138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, awardId=CI2021A00702-2, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A00702-2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198558121821045223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, awardId=CI2021A00702-2, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00702-2), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198558116003545267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558116007739572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, companyId=1198558116003545267, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage College of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558116016128181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, companyId=1198558116003545267, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陕西中医药大学针灸推拿学院,陕西咸阳 712000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198558116087431358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558116091625663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, companyId=1198558116087431358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198558116100014272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, companyId=1198558116087431358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京 100700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198558120411759001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flowchart of literature screening for childhood autism (CA) guidelines/consensus, figureFileSmall=MDuxtCprIt12FapnFNWlig==, figureFileBig=xDK9zsNi1CjYbiAxrA+trQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558120520810911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=CN, label=图1, caption=儿童孤独症(CA)诊疗指南/共识文献纳入的流程图, figureFileSmall=MDuxtCprIt12FapnFNWlig==, figureFileBig=xDK9zsNi1CjYbiAxrA+trQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558120776663471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=RIGHT reporting rates of domestic and foreign childhood autism (CA) guidelines/consensus item, figureFileSmall=FHvWr21pxh7O0m17/3mgTA==, figureFileBig=eF3Fn90fQ3kddzqGT1NaNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558120852160949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=CN, label=图2, caption=国内外CA诊疗指南/共识条目RIGHT报告率比较

CA. 儿童孤独症

, figureFileSmall=FHvWr21pxh7O0m17/3mgTA==, figureFileBig=eF3Fn90fQ3kddzqGT1NaNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198558120940241337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic features for childhood autism (CA) guidelines/consensus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指南/共识发布组织文献内容文献类型资金资助利益冲突是否报告更新内容
2010中国[14]国家卫生部中医、诊断、治疗指南未报告部分报告未报告
2014中国[15]中华中医药学会中医、诊疗、循证循证指南未报告报告未报告
2017中国[16]中华医学会儿科学分会等中医、诊断、治疗共识未报告部分报告未报告
2021中国[17]中国儿科相关医学专家组诊疗、干预共识报告报告未报告
2022中国[18]中华医学会儿科学分会诊疗、干预共识报告报告未报告
2022中国[19]福棠儿童医学发展研究中心发育行为专业委员会诊断、建议专家建议未报告未报告未报告
2023中国[20]中华中医药学会诊断、辨证、治疗、预防、调护建议、中医循证指南报告报告报告
2004加拿大[21]儿科学会诊疗、循证共识未报告未报告未报告
2010新加坡[22]国家卫生部诊疗、循证、针灸等中医疗法循证指南未报告未报告未报告
2011澳大利亚[23]皇家全科医师协会诊疗、循证指南未报告未报告未报告
2015美国[24]国家孤独症中心诊疗、循证共识未报告报告报告
2016苏格兰[25]校际指南网络中医、诊疗、循证共识未报告报告报告
2017英国[26]NICE再识别、诊断、转诊指南未报告未报告报告
2018英国[27]精神药理协会诊疗、循证循证指南部分报告未报告报告
2019印度[28]精神病学学会诊疗、循证指南未报告部分报告报告
2020美国[29]神经病学学会诊疗、循证循证指南部分报告报告未报告
2020美国[30]儿科学会诊疗、循证、中医共识部分报告部分报告报告
2020欧洲[31]儿童和青少年精神病学会诊疗、循证指南部分报告报告报告
2021英国[32]NICE诊断、管理指南未报告未报告报告
), ArticleFig(id=1198558121166733759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

儿童孤独症(CA)诊疗指南/共识的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指南/共识发布组织文献内容文献类型资金资助利益冲突是否报告更新内容
2010中国[14]国家卫生部中医、诊断、治疗指南未报告部分报告未报告
2014中国[15]中华中医药学会中医、诊疗、循证循证指南未报告报告未报告
2017中国[16]中华医学会儿科学分会等中医、诊断、治疗共识未报告部分报告未报告
2021中国[17]中国儿科相关医学专家组诊疗、干预共识报告报告未报告
2022中国[18]中华医学会儿科学分会诊疗、干预共识报告报告未报告
2022中国[19]福棠儿童医学发展研究中心发育行为专业委员会诊断、建议专家建议未报告未报告未报告
2023中国[20]中华中医药学会诊断、辨证、治疗、预防、调护建议、中医循证指南报告报告报告
2004加拿大[21]儿科学会诊疗、循证共识未报告未报告未报告
2010新加坡[22]国家卫生部诊疗、循证、针灸等中医疗法循证指南未报告未报告未报告
2011澳大利亚[23]皇家全科医师协会诊疗、循证指南未报告未报告未报告
2015美国[24]国家孤独症中心诊疗、循证共识未报告报告报告
2016苏格兰[25]校际指南网络中医、诊疗、循证共识未报告报告报告
2017英国[26]NICE再识别、诊断、转诊指南未报告未报告报告
2018英国[27]精神药理协会诊疗、循证循证指南部分报告未报告报告
2019印度[28]精神病学学会诊疗、循证指南未报告部分报告报告
2020美国[29]神经病学学会诊疗、循证循证指南部分报告报告未报告
2020美国[30]儿科学会诊疗、循证、中医共识部分报告部分报告报告
2020欧洲[31]儿童和青少年精神病学会诊疗、循证指南部分报告报告报告
2021英国[32]NICE诊断、管理指南未报告未报告报告
), ArticleFig(id=1198558121305145794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

AGREE Ⅱ evaluation result table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指南/共识AGREE Ⅱ各领域得分率(%)AGREE Ⅱ推荐级别
范围和目的参与人员严谨性清晰性应用性编辑的独立性得分率≥60%的领域数推荐等级
总体评价($\bar{x}±s$)91.1±4.586.8±6.783.0±10.284.3±6.282.7±13.365.4±21.8//
2010中国[14]86.180.680.679.279.233.35B
2014中国[15]91.775.099.081.379.291.76A
2017中国[16]94.486.181.591.791.737.55B
2021中国[17]94.497.288.083.395.891.76A
2022中国[18]91.777.882.483.383.366.76A
2022中国[19]91.791.771.375.075.058.35B
2023中国[20]91.791.792.689.691.791.76A
2004加拿大[21]94.486.177.883.383.329.25B
2010新加坡[22]94.488.981.581.391.754.25B
2011澳大利亚[23]91.783.349.166.741.725.03B
2015美国[24]88.980.688.981.391.783.36A
2016苏格兰[25]97.294.490.789.691.783.36A
2017英国[26]94.494.490.787.587.558.35B
2018英国[27]88.991.785.287.591.791.76A
2019印度[28]86.186.187.085.475.075.06A
2020美国[29]80.688.981.591.758.375.05B
2020美国[30]83.375.081.585.487.562.56A
2020欧洲[31]91.786.184.389.683.366.76A
2021英国[32]97.294.484.389.691.766.76A
), ArticleFig(id=1198558121380643274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

AGREE Ⅱ评价结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指南/共识AGREE Ⅱ各领域得分率(%)AGREE Ⅱ推荐级别
范围和目的参与人员严谨性清晰性应用性编辑的独立性得分率≥60%的领域数推荐等级
总体评价($\bar{x}±s$)91.1±4.586.8±6.783.0±10.284.3±6.282.7±13.365.4±21.8//
2010中国[14]86.180.680.679.279.233.35B
2014中国[15]91.775.099.081.379.291.76A
2017中国[16]94.486.181.591.791.737.55B
2021中国[17]94.497.288.083.395.891.76A
2022中国[18]91.777.882.483.383.366.76A
2022中国[19]91.791.771.375.075.058.35B
2023中国[20]91.791.792.689.691.791.76A
2004加拿大[21]94.486.177.883.383.329.25B
2010新加坡[22]94.488.981.581.391.754.25B
2011澳大利亚[23]91.783.349.166.741.725.03B
2015美国[24]88.980.688.981.391.783.36A
2016苏格兰[25]97.294.490.789.691.783.36A
2017英国[26]94.494.490.787.587.558.35B
2018英国[27]88.991.785.287.591.791.76A
2019印度[28]86.186.187.085.475.075.06A
2020美国[29]80.688.981.591.758.375.05B
2020美国[30]83.375.081.585.487.562.56A
2020欧洲[31]91.786.184.389.683.366.76A
2021英国[32]97.294.484.389.691.766.76A
), ArticleFig(id=1198558121472917966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

RIGHT evaluation results of childhood autism (CA) guidelines/consensus (%)

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指南/共识RIGHT各领域报告率总体报告率
基本信息背景证据推荐意见评审和质量保证资助和利益冲突其他
总体评价($\bar{x}±s$)87.6±11.087.6±13.881.1±22.671.1±38.483.5±16.748.7±29.464.4±11.879.2±12.7
2010中国[14]83.075.060.0071.025.067.062.9
2014中国[15]83.087.5100.0100.086.050.067.082.9
2017中国[16]83.0100.060.050.071.025.067.071.4
2021中国[17]100.087.560.0100.057.150.066.774.3
2022中国[18]83.387.560.0100.071.4100.033.377.1
2022中国[19]83.350.020.0042.925.066.745.7
2023中国[20]100.075.0100.0100.071.475.033.380.0
2004加拿大[21]83.0100.080.0086.0067.068.6
2010新加坡[22]83.075.0100.0100.0100.025.067.080.0
2011澳大利亚[23]83.0100.080.050.086.0067.074.3
2015美国[24]83.0100.0100.0100.0100.075.067.091.4
2016苏格兰[25]100.0100.0100.0100.0100.075.067.094.3
2017英国[26]66.775.0100.050.085.725.086.174.3
2018英国[27]100.088.0100.050.0100.075.067.088.6
2019印度[28]100.088.060.0100.086.050.067.082.9
2020美国[29]100.0100.0100.0100.0100.050.067.097.0
2020美国[30]83.0100.0100.0100.0100.050.067.086.0
2020欧洲[31]100.0100.080.0100.0100.0100.067.094.3
2021英国[32]66.775.080.050.071.450.066.768.6
), ArticleFig(id=1198558121619718616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558113247887403, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CA诊疗指南/共识的RIGHT评价结果(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指南/共识RIGHT各领域报告率总体报告率
基本信息背景证据推荐意见评审和质量保证资助和利益冲突其他
总体评价($\bar{x}±s$)87.6±11.087.6±13.881.1±22.671.1±38.483.5±16.748.7±29.464.4±11.879.2±12.7
2010中国[14]83.075.060.0071.025.067.062.9
2014中国[15]83.087.5100.0100.086.050.067.082.9
2017中国[16]83.0100.060.050.071.025.067.071.4
2021中国[17]100.087.560.0100.057.150.066.774.3
2022中国[18]83.387.560.0100.071.4100.033.377.1
2022中国[19]83.350.020.0042.925.066.745.7
2023中国[20]100.075.0100.0100.071.475.033.380.0
2004加拿大[21]83.0100.080.0086.0067.068.6
2010新加坡[22]83.075.0100.0100.0100.025.067.080.0
2011澳大利亚[23]83.0100.080.050.086.0067.074.3
2015美国[24]83.0100.0100.0100.0100.075.067.091.4
2016苏格兰[25]100.0100.0100.0100.0100.075.067.094.3
2017英国[26]66.775.0100.050.085.725.086.174.3
2018英国[27]100.088.0100.050.0100.075.067.088.6
2019印度[28]100.088.060.0100.086.050.067.082.9
2020美国[29]100.0100.0100.0100.0100.050.067.097.0
2020美国[30]83.0100.0100.0100.0100.050.067.086.0
2020欧洲[31]100.0100.080.0100.0100.0100.067.094.3
2021英国[32]66.775.080.050.071.450.066.768.6
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基于AGREE ⅡRIGHT的儿童孤独症诊疗指南/共识质量评价研究
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邓辉 1, 2 , 王梦琪 2 , 孟祥然 2 , 龙政莉 1, 2 , 曹雪 2 , 刘佳 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 指南与共识 2024,49(9): 977-985
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解放军医学杂志 | 指南与共识 2024, 49(9): 977-985
基于AGREE ⅡRIGHT的儿童孤独症诊疗指南/共识质量评价研究
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邓辉1, 2, 王梦琪2, 孟祥然2, 龙政莉1, 2, 曹雪2, 刘佳1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1陕西中医药大学针灸推拿学院,陕西咸阳 712000
  • 2中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京 100700
  • 邓辉,硕士研究生,主要从事临床循证方法学和针灸治疗消化病机制方面的研究

通讯作者:

刘佳,E-mail:
Quality evaluation of childhood autism guidelines/consensus based on AGREE and RIGHT
Hui Deng1, 2, Meng-Qi Wang2, Xiang-Ran Meng2, Zheng-Li Long1, 2, Xue Cao2, Jia Liu1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage College of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
  • 2Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2024-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0030.2024.0607
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目的 评估已发表的儿童孤独症(CA)诊疗指南/共识的方法学质量和报告质量情况,为我国CA诊疗指南和共识的制订提供建议。方法 检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(Wanfang Data)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、医脉通(Medlive)、PubMed、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)、美国国家指南库(NGC)、苏格兰校际指南网络(SIGN)等数据库收录的国内外CA诊疗指南/共识(时间截至2024年2月1日),由两位研究人员分别独立使用指南的研究和评估工具第二版(AGREE Ⅱ)和国际实践指南报告规范(RIGHT)评价纳入指南/共识的方法学质量及报告质量,并进一步使用RIGHT对国内外指南/共识的报告质量进行比较。结果 通过文献筛选,最终纳入19篇CA诊疗指南/共识,其中指南11篇,共识7篇,专家建议1篇;国内9篇,国外10篇。采用AGREE Ⅱ评价19篇指南/共识的6个领域得分率分别为范围和目的(91.1%±4.5%)、参与人员(86.8%±6.7%)、严谨性(83.0%±10.2%)、清晰性(84.3%±6.2%)、应用性(82.7%±13.3%)、编辑的独立性(65.4%±21.8%)。采用RIGHT清单评价19篇指南/共识的7个领域报告率分别为基本信息(87.6%±11.0%)、背景(87.6%±13.8%)、证据(81.1%±22.6%)、推荐意见(71.1%±38.4%)、评审和质量保证(83.5%±16.7%)、资助与利益冲突(48.7%±29.4%)、其他(64.4%±11.8%)。从方法学质量来看,“编辑的独立性”领域得分率最低;从报告质量来看,“资助和利益冲突”领域报告率最低。从国内外指南/共识条目报告率来看,国内条目报告率(26.2%±1.5%)明显低于国外条目报告率(52.6%±2.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 当前CA诊疗指南/共识的总体质量仍有待改进,在制订及报告指南的过程中,应明确报告资金来源和利益冲突,严格按照AGREE Ⅱ和RIGHT制订。

儿童孤独症  /  指南  /  共识  /  质量评价

Objective To evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of published guidelines/consensus for childhood autism (CA), providing a basis for formulating domestic CA guidelines. Methods We searched databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Medlive, PubMed, national institute of health and clinical excellence (NICE), national guideline clearinghouse (NGC), and Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network (SIGN) for Chinese and foreign guideline/consensus on childhood autism published before February 1, 2024. Two researchers independently evaluated the methodology and reporting quality of the guideline/consensus using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) tools. Results After literature screening, 19 CA guidelines/consensus were included, comprising 11 guidelines, 7 consensus, and 1 expert recommendation, with 9 domestic and 10 foreign articles. The AGREE Ⅱ evaluation scores for the six domains were as follows: scope and purpose (91.1%±4.5%), stakeholder involvement (86.8%±6.7%), rigour of development (83.0%±10.2%), clarity of presentation (84.3%±6.2%), applicability (82.7%±13.3%), and editorial independence (65.4%±21.8%). The RIGHT checklist reported rates for the seven domains were: basic information (87.6%±11.0%), background (87.6%±13.8%), evidence (81.1%±22.6%), recommendation (71.1%±38.4%), review and quality assurance (83.5%±16.7%), funding and declaration and management of interests (48.7%±29.4%), and other information (64.4%±11.8%). The domain with the lowest score for methodological quality was "editorial independence" and for reporting quality, it was "funding and declaration and management of interests". The reporting rate of domestic articles (26.2%±1.5%) was significantly lower than that of foreign articles (52.6%±2.2%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall quality of current childhood autism guidelines/consensus requires improvement. During the formulation and reporting of guidelines/consensus, strictly adhering to AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT is imperative, and it is essential to clearly report funding sources and conflicts of interest.

childhood autism  /  guideline  /  consensus  /  quality evaluation
邓辉, 王梦琪, 孟祥然, 龙政莉, 曹雪, 刘佳. 基于AGREE ⅡRIGHT的儿童孤独症诊疗指南/共识质量评价研究. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (9) : 977 -985 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0030.2024.0607
Hui Deng, Meng-Qi Wang, Xiang-Ran Meng, Zheng-Li Long, Xue Cao, Jia Liu. Quality evaluation of childhood autism guidelines/consensus based on AGREE and RIGHT[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (9) : 977 -985 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0030.2024.0607
儿童孤独症(childhood autism,CA)是一种复杂的神经发育障碍性精神疾病,常起病于3岁以内的儿童,其核心特点是缺乏社会交往技巧及兴趣或活动的重复限制模式[1]。CA在美国的发病率为2.3%,在我国约为1.0%[2],在日本5岁儿童的发病率为3.2%[3],且发病率逐年递增[4]。作为一种儿童精神疾病,CA严重影响患儿的家庭及社会生活,已成为影响人类健康的重大公共卫生问题之一[5]。临床实践指南(后文统称“指南”)和专家共识(后文统称“共识”)是针对临床的特定问题基于系统评价和Meta分析制订的,对于一线临床医师和患者发挥着越来越重要的指导作用[6]。高质量的指南/共识可更好地指导临床实践,但截至目前,我国发表的指南或共识整体质量明显低于国际平均水平,且由于不同指南/共识的质量大相径庭,因而报告的质量整体也偏低[7]。目前,国际实践指南的评价工具有20余种[8],其中国际公认的指南方法学质量评价“金标准”为指南研究和评估工具第二版(Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation ,AGREE )[9],而另一个为国际实践指南报告规范(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare,RIGHT)[10],二者均有助于临床医学实践指南报告的规范化、系统化。本研究检索了国内外的CA诊疗指南/共识,并采用AGREE 评估其方法学质量,评价推荐级别,再采用RIGHT评价工具比较报告质量的差异,旨在为我国制订高质量的CA诊疗指南/共识提供建议。
计算机检索常用数据库,包括中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(Wanfang Data)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、医脉通(Medlive),以及其他数据库或指南网站,包括PubMed、荷兰医学文摘数据库(The Excerpta Medica Database,Embase)、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence,NICE)、美国国家指南库(National Guideline Clearinghouse,NGC)、苏格兰校际指南网络(Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,SIGN)、新西兰指南研究组(New Zealand Guidelines Group,NZGG)、加拿大医学会临床指南库(Canadian Medical Association:Clinical Practice Guideline,CMA Infobase)、国际指南协作网(guideline international network,GIN),检索的时间范围为自建库至2024年2月1日。采用主题词与自由词相结合的检索方式,并根据具体数据库进行调整。中文检索词为儿童孤独症、孤独症、自闭症、孤独症谱系障碍、指南、共识、标准、推荐、建议,英文检索词为autistic disorder、autism、guideline、guide、consensus、standard、recommendation。
(1)研究类型为公开发表的指南/共识/规范/专家建议;(2)语言为中、英文;(3)目标人群为明确诊断为CA的患者[符合美国精神病学会(American Psychiatric Association,APA)制订的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,DSM-5)[11]、世界卫生组织制订的国际疾病分类第十次分类(International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,ICD-10)[12]或2010年国家卫生部修订的《儿童孤独症诊疗康复指南》三者之一的CA诊断标准];(4)同一系列标准的最新版本。
(1)无法获得全文的文献;(2)指南或共识的译本及解读、专家解说等文献;(3)重复发表的文献。
将检索的文献导入文献管理软件NoteExpress 3.2及Excel进行文献筛选和资料提取。筛选文献时,先进行软件去重和手动去重,然后由两名研究人员对去重后的文献进行筛选,依据题目和摘要,排除明显不相关文献,再依据可下载的全文文献精确筛选,排除不符合纳入标准的文献。两名研究人员进行交叉核对,出现矛盾时通过讨论后决定,如无法解决则请第三方决定。最后提取纳入指南/共识的基本特征,包括出版年份、发布组织、指南内容、指南类型、是否报告资金资助、利益冲突报告情况、是否报告更新内容等。
采用AGREE 指南评价工具对CA诊疗指南/共识的方法学质量进行评估。该工具包括6个领域、23个条目(附加材料:附表1 http://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1536.2024.0607FJ):领域1,范围和目的(第1~3条);领域2,参与人员(第4~6条);领域3,严谨性(第7~15条);领域4,清晰性(第16~19条);领域5,应用性(第20、21条);领域6,编辑的独立性(第22、23条)。两位研究人员分别使用23个条目对单篇指南或共识的质量进行评估,每个条目评价结果采用7分制,很不同意为1分,完全同意为7分,条目报告部分满足标准或条件者给予2~6分。单个条目实际得分越低,表明该条目所反映的问题越需要改进,得分越高则表明对该条目内容考虑的越周全。每个领域实际得分等于该领域内每个条目实际得分之和,然后计算研究员1与研究员2的每个条目实际得分之和(附加材料:附表2 http://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1536.2024.0607FJ)。最小可能得分=1×领域条目数量×评价者数量,最大可能得分=7×领域条目数量×评价者数量。本研究中评价者数量为2,每个领域最终得分率公式[8-9]:各领域最终得分率(%)=(领域实际得分-最小可能得分)/(最大可能得分-最小可能得分)×100%。按照公式计算每篇指南/共识各领域最终得分率,得分率越高,内容越全面。指南的推荐级别依据以下标准:A级,各个领域得分率≥60%;B级,得分率>30%的领域≥3个,存在领域得分率<60%;C级,得分率<30%的领域≥3个[9]
RIGHT清单是对指南/共识的报告规范情况进行评价的工具,共分为7个领域,22个主条目和13个亚条目,共计35个条目:领域1,基本信息(第1~4条);领域2,背景(第5~9条);领域3,证据(第10~12条);领域4,推荐意见(第13~15条);领域5,评审和质量保证(第16、17条);领域6,资助和利益冲突(第18、19条);领域7,其他(第20~22条)。详见附加材料:附表3(http://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1536.2024.0607FJ)。由两位研究人员依据35个条目对单篇指南/共识进行评定,评价中出现分歧的条目寻找第三方进行协商,最终得出一致结论。每个条目情况评价为“报告”“未报告”“不适用”。“报告”指本条所需信息被完整或部分报告,用“Y”表示;“未报告”表示指南/共识中该条目的相关信息完全缺失,用“N”表示;“不适用”表示该条目不适合以上任何一种评价,用“I”表示。各领域评价为“Y”的数量占总条目数的比率为报告率[13]
组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)是观察者信度和复测信度的评价指标之一,使用ICC对两名研究员的评价结果进行一致性检验。评价前,由两名研究人员进行AGREE 和RIGHT清单的系统培训,确保对每个条目理解清晰,若遇到分歧,则选择第三方参与判定。两名研究人员在进行整体评价前进行预评价,随机抽取3篇指南或共识,分别使用AGREE 与RIGHT条目进行预评价后,计算ICC值,ICC>0.75为一致性高,0.40~0.75为一致性较好,<0.40为一致性差[13]。确保ICC>0.75(即两位研究人员的评估结果一致性较好)后开展19篇指南或共识AGREE 与RIGHT条目的评价。
采用Excel进行数据整理,SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,结果以图表形式呈现。对AGREE 与RIGHT条目得分、领域得分、领域得分率、报告率及ICC进行统计描述,ICC使用均值及95%CI表示,其余指标中计量资料符合正态分布和方差齐性时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
计算机初步检索的指南/共识共2066篇,其中常用数据库531篇,其他数据库及指南网站1535篇。通过阅读文题和摘要,排除重复、不相关的文献后,获得677篇文献。下载获得全文的412篇文献,阅读全文后排除与CA诊疗指南、共识无关的文献,并排除系统评价、综述文献,最后纳入文献19篇[14-32],包括国内CA诊疗指南/共识9篇[14-22],国际CA诊疗指南/共识10篇[23-32],文献筛选流程见图1。纳入的文献中包括指南11篇[14-15,20,22-23,26-29,31-32],共识7篇[16-18,21,24-25,30],专家建议1篇[19];有5篇(26.3%)由国家政府机构制订[14,22,24,26,32],2篇(10.5%)由中华医学会儿科学分会制订[16,18],12篇(63.2%)由其他学会或协会分会/学组制订[15,17-21,23,27-31];5篇(26.3%)为循证指南[其中4篇(21.1%)采用了牛津证据分级与推荐意见强度[15,20,27,29],1篇(5.3%)使用证据推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)分级系统[22]],其余6篇(31.6%)指南[14,24,26,28,31-32]和7篇(36.9%)共识[16-18,21,24,25,30]、1篇(5.3%)专家建议[19]的证据分级标准不明确;7篇(36.8%)指南/共识报告了基金资助项目,12篇(63.2%)指南/共识报告了无利益冲突;19篇中有9篇(47.4%)指南/共识报告了制订中更新的内容。纳入文献的基本信息详见表1
对评价结果的内部一致性进行检验,根据两名研究人员所选定的3篇文献分别计算AGREE 标准及RIGHT标准的ICC,其中AGREE 的ICC为0.83(95.0%CI 0.61~0.93),RIGHT的ICC为0.98(95.0%CI 0.96~0.99)。两名研究员预评价各条目的ICC均>0.75,一致性较好,评估结果可信。
AGREE 评价结果显示,纳入的19篇指南/共识整体方法学质量较好,评价结果详见表2。各领域具体评价结果如下:(1)范围和目的。该领域得分率为91.1%±4.5%,最大得分率为97.2%,最小得分率为80.6%。(2)参与人员。该领域得分率为86.8%±6.7%,最大得分率为97.2%,最小得分率为75.0%,12篇指南/共识评价中明确包含了专家信息,包括职责和工作内容[15-18,20,22-24,26,28-30],仅有8篇指南/共识考虑了目标人群的观点和选择[14,18,22,24-27,31]。(3)严谨性。该领域得分率为83.0%±10.2%,最大得分率为99.0%,最小得分率为49.1%,9篇指南/共识应用了系统的方法学检索证据并清楚地描述了证据选择的标准、优缺点及形成推荐意见的方法[15,17,21,23-27,30]。(4)清晰性。该领域得分率为84.3%±6.2%,最大得分率为91.7%,最小得分率为66.7%,10篇指南/共识重要的推荐意见使用了小标题或独立论述,容易被识别[15,18,21,23-29]。仅5篇指南采用了牛津证据分级及推荐意见强度和GRADE分级,证据清晰[15,20,22,27,29]。(5)应用性。该领域的得分率为82.7%±13.3%,最大得分率为95.8%,最小得分率为41.7%,仅6篇指南/共识写明推荐是否有可用的资源及审查标准[18,21,23-24,29-30]。(6)编辑的独立性。该领域的得分率为65.4%±21.8%,最大得分率为91.7%,最小得分率为25.0%,仅少量指南/共识说明了有赞助方或资金来源不影响指南/共识的内容[15,17,23-24,26]
从方法学质量来看,纳入的指南/共识的整体方法学质量较高。指南/共识的总体推荐级别较高,其中A级11篇[15,17,18,20,24-25,27-28,30-32],B级8篇[14,16,19,21-23,26,29],无C级者。从领域来看,所有领域中,“范围和目的”领域得分率最高,“编辑的独立性”领域得分率最低。
RIGHT评价结果详见表3。各领域具体评价如下:(1)基本信息。该领域的报告率为87.6%±11.0%,最大报告率为100%,最小报告率为66.7%。所有指南/共识均报告了发表年份及作者,其中8篇对推荐意见进行了详细信息汇总[15,17,21,24,26-28,30]。(2)背景。该领域报告率最高,为87.6%±13.8%,最大报告率为100%,最小报告率为50.0%,其中16篇文献报告了总目标,全部文献均明确了具体目的,有15篇文献报告了实施需要考虑的亚组人群[14-18,22-31],13篇罗列了指南/共识制订者的贡献、责任[16-17,20-22,24-26,28-32],其中12篇详细报告了制订专家的职称、职务[15-18,20,22-24,26,28-30]。(3)证据。该领域的报告率为81.1%±22.6%,报告率差异明显,最大报告率为100%,最小报告率为20.0%,有16篇指南/共识对用于证据评估的结局遴选和分类的方法进行了详细报告[15-18,20-31],有9篇系统评价对证据体的质量评价进行了详细描述[15,21,23-26,28-29,31]。(4)推荐意见。该领域的报告率为71.1%±38.4%,最大报告率为100.0%,最小报告率为0。(5)评审和质量保证。该领域的报告率为83.5%±16.7%,最大报告率为100.0%,最小报告率为42.9%。(6)资金资助和利益冲突。该领域的报告率为48.7%±29.4%,最大报告率为100.0%,最小报告率为0,为报告率最低的领域,有7篇指南/共识报告了资助方[17-18,20,27,29-31],12篇指南/共识报告了成员间利益冲突及评价、管理方法[14-18,20,24-25,28-31]。(7)其他。该领域报告率为64.4%±11.8%,最大报告率为86.1%,最小报告率为33.3%。
从国内外19篇CA指南/共识条目评价的结果来看,单篇平均报告率为79.2%±12.7%,报告率<50%的条目仅有3条[18a(31.6%)、19a(47.4%)、22(10.5%)],其他32个条目报告率均大于50%,其中报告率最高的条目为1b、1c、3、6、7a、8a、13a、20,报告率为100.0%。详见附表3(http://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1536.2024.0607FJ)。从领域来看,报告率较高的领域为“基本信息”(报告率为87.6%±11.0%)和“背景”(报告率为87.6%±13.8%),报告率较低的领域为“资助和利益冲突”(报告率为48.7%±29.4%)。对国内外CA指南/共识条目的报告率进行比较发现,国内条目报告率(26.2%±1.5%)明显低于国外(52.6%±2.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见图2和附表4(http://dx.doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1536.2024.0607FJ)。
在纳入的19篇指南/共识中,15篇是CA专病共识,而其余4篇将CA的诊疗作为部分内容展示在整个孤独症指南中,提示CA的受重视程度较高。在药物治疗方面,由于缺乏强推荐证据以及存在较明显的不良反应,目前仍无特异性较高的CA治疗药物,主要以对症治疗及控制躁狂、焦虑、失眠等精神症状的药物为主。由于CA在先天发育不良的儿童中很常见,非药物干预方式推荐早期教育训练、认知行为干预、感觉训练等,国际指南均提倡早期诊断、早期干预,国内有4篇指南/共识涉及此方面。因此,仍应重视CA的早诊断、早治疗。在国际指南中,有30%提到以中医作为补充替代疗法,但目前中医疗法所占的比例较低,仍需加强对中医疗法的关注。
采用AGREE 量表对CA临床指南/共识的制订方法进行评价,发现其总体方法学质量较好,“范围和目的”领域得分率在所有领域中最高,其次为“参与人员”“制订的清晰性”“严谨性”“应用性”领域,得分率最低的领域为“编辑的独立性”。依据推荐级别标准划分指南/共识,得出19部指南或共识推荐级别较好,均为A或B级,无C级者。采用RIGHT评估指南的规范性,结果显示,从领域来看,报告率较高的领域为“基本信息”“背景”,其次为“评审和质量保证”“证据”“推荐意见”“其他”,报告率较低的领域为“资助和利益冲突”,提示研究者在立项之初对指南/共识的报告规范情况规划较好,但后续制订指南、共识时,并未将研究结果进行完整报道。此外,国内的指南/共识各条目报告率均低于国外,提示我国CA诊疗指南/共识的报告质量仍需进一步提升。
当前CA诊疗指南/共识的总体质量仍有待提高。结合CA的疾病特点,按照国际指南制订规范化流程,合理运用指南质量评估工具[33],进一步提高指南和共识的方法学质量及报告质量,是提高国内外临床医师对临床实践标准的依从性和信心的关键。因此,笔者提出以下7条建议,以帮助提高CA诊疗指南/共识的质量:
(1)提高指南/共识制订的透明度。有研究显示,注册指南的方法学质量和报告质量均高于未注册指南[34]。本研究纳入的指南均未在国际实践指南注册与透明化平台(http://www.guidelines-registry.org)上注册,建议今后制订指南或共识时应在国际指南注册平台上进行注册,以增加报告过程的透明度。
(2)加强指南/共识制订的培训和学习。制订者掌握正确的质量控制和报告方法,有助于提升指导文件的质量和影响力。在今后的研究中,还应加强指南方法学家在共识、征询意见中的关键作用,并让多学科专家共同参与决策,指南制订工作组也应深入学习指南/共识的方法学,以提升报告质量,促进其传播与实施[35]。有调查显示,77.9%的国内医学科技期刊编辑不了解指南/共识报告的规范,提示应加强临床医学及其他领域工作人员对指南或共识相关知识的了解[7]
(3)采用国际公认的证据评估和推荐方法。国际指南中,由证据向推荐意见的转化是指南制订过程中非常重要的环节,也是未来指南制订的发展趋势。本文纳入的5篇循证指南质量均较高[15,20,22,25,27],采用系统的证据检索方法及证据选择标准和推荐强度,并采用了牛津证据分级和GRADE分级系统来制订指南[36]。当前国际上有数个证据分级和推荐强度标准,指南制订者可学习、运用这些国际指南公认的标准,并结合我国国情及中医药自身的特点,对指南的各领域进行规范报告。
(4)提升共识制订过程及方法的规范性。本研究纳入的2篇共识[17-18]不仅报告了专家组成员的基本信息,还详细报告了各位专家的职责与贡献,AGREE 各条目评分也较高。因此不论是指南还是共识,使用者应掌握评估质量及可信度的方法,避免陷入大众所认为的共识的科学性、透明性和可靠性一定比指南差的误区。GRADE工作组提出的良好实践主张(good practice statement,GPS)作为补充共识的一种新的方法,将其应用于指南的制订也取得了良好的效果[37],但形成GPS共识意见时需对相关问题是否清晰进行核对,如净收益的高度确定性与相应的高质量评级联系、是否会错误地将证据分类为低质量或极低质量[38-40]
(5)加强利益冲突的报告和管理,保障指南的客观性。使用RIGHT评价的报告率较低的领域为“资助和利益冲突”。在制订指南或共识时,仅依靠几行声明文字,就认为是“高透明”性,会导致错误和报告不实,因此在制订指南和共识时,凡参与者均应明确声明是否有利益冲突,并建议提供原始资料备查,以确保公平、公正与客观。
(6)遵循“指南制订标准”。当前国内外有数个专门规范指南制订的标准,如2014年世界卫生组织(WHO)发布了《WHO指南制订手册》[41],我国2016年由中华医学会发布了制订/修订《临床诊疗指南》的文件[42],2021年全国针灸标准化技术委员会发布了《针灸临床实践指南制定及其评估规范》(GB/T 40972-2021),在指南制订过程中,应该参照这些标准,使指南制订的过程更为规范。
(7)及时更新指南/共识。指南或共识反映了临床实践经验和问题的发展,具有一定的时效性,因此在发布以后应当及时更新,以提高科学性。
就制订方法而言,指南的制订趋于规范和成熟,但共识的制订方法目前尚未形成统一标准。为满足医学发展的需求,有些医学问题因证据不足等原因,无法制订规范的临床指南,故以共识的形式形成临床诊疗指导意见。总体来看,共识的制订过程和形式多样,在评价其方法学质量和报告质量上具有较大难度。目前对于共识质量评价尚缺乏专门的工具,文献检索发现,部分研究采用了指南评估工具AGREE 和RIGHT对共识进行评价,这可能会导致评估结果的不准确,尤其是在共识的方法学和报告质量评估上,不能明确显示出共识制订中存在的质量问题。由于目前发表的CA诊疗指南和共识数量不多,本研究将指南和共识一起进行了评估,可能导致不能明确分辨CA诊疗指南和共识的质量差别,提出的改进意见针对性不强。在今后的研究中,应将CA诊疗指南和共识分开评价,并加强对共识评估工具的研究,重视共识制订过程中的透明性和规范性及推荐意见的清晰性和独立性,以提出客观的评价意见。
综上所述,我国CA诊疗指南/共识的报告质量低于国际水平,国内指南采用AGREE 工具评价指南的方法学质量也低于国际水平。随着循证医学理念的进一步发展及其对指南方法学的影响,对指南或共识的质量要求也越来越高。因此,我国在制订和更新CA诊疗指南/共识时,应在方法学上重视循证原则,立足于我国的临床传统,结合国内国际权威性指南制订标准,参考国际指南的方法学质量及报告质量规范,明确制订过程中的资金来源,并对制订专家的利益冲突情况做出独立声明与管理,增强推荐意见的独立性与清晰性,以及制订过程的规范化与透明化,以提高指南/共识的整体质量,更好地指导临床实践。
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00702-2)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0030.2024.0607
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
  • 录用日期:2024-04-30
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Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A00702-2)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00702-2)
作者信息
    1陕西中医药大学针灸推拿学院,陕西咸阳 712000
    2中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京 100700

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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