Article(id=1198558108453794123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558106218230069, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1273.2024.0717, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695744000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1712851200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-12, onlineDate=1763688121187, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1727452800000, pubDateStr=2024-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763688121187, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763688121187, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763688121187, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198558106218230069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='9', pageStart='977', pageEnd='1098', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763688120655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763689155065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198562444915339352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558106218230069, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198562444915339353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198558106218230069, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=998, endPage=1003, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198558108827087197, articleId=1198558108453794123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Correlation between the level of NT-proBNP and cardiorespiratory fitness of individuals following acute high altitude exposure, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of N-terminal pro-Brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiorespiratory fitness following acute exposure to high altitude. Methods Forty-six subjects were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University in June 2022, including 19 males and 27 females. After completing cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), serological detection of myocardial cell-related markers, and multiple metabolites at a plain altitude (300 meters above sea level), all subjects flew to a high-altitude location (3900 meters above sea level). Biomarker testing and CPET were repeated on the second and third days after arrival at high altitude. Changes in serum biomarker and key CPET indicators before and after rapid ascent to high altitude were compared, and the correlation between serum levels of various myocardial cell-related markers and metabolites and high altitude cardiorespiratory fitness was analyzed. Results Compared with the plain altitude, there was a significant decrease in maximal oxygen uptake after rapid ascent to high altitude [(25.41±6.20) ml/(kg.min) vs. (30.17±5.01) ml/(kg.min), P<0.001]. Serum levels of NT-proBNP, Epinephrine (E), plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and leptin (LEP) significantly increased, with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05) after acute high altitude exposure. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed for creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (Myo) and norepinephrine (NE) (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between NT-proBNP at plain altitude (r=-0.768, P<0.001) and at high altitude (r=-0.791, P<0.001) with maximal oxygen uptake at high altitude. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that maximal oxygen uptake at plain altitude (t=2.069, P=0.045), NT-proBNP at plain altitude (t=-2.436, P=0.020) and at high altitude (t=-3.578, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of cardiorespiratory fitness at high altitude. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness significantly decreases after rapid ascent to high altitude, and the baseline NT-proBNP level at plain altitude is closely related to cardiorespiratory fitness at high altitude, making it a potential predictor indicator for high altitude cardiorespiratory fitness.

, correspAuthors=Lan Huang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨低海拔基线血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与急进高原后心肺适能的相关性。方法 2022年6月于陆军军医大学第二附属医院招募受试者46人,其中男19人,女27人。所有受试者在低海拔地区(海拔300 m)完成心肺运动功能试验(CPET)、血清学心肌细胞相关标志物和多种代谢物检测后,乘坐飞机到达高原(海拔3900 m)。在进驻高原后的第2、3天,分别再次完成生物标志物检测和CPET。比较受试者急进高原前后血清生物标志物和CPET关键指标的变化情况,分析血清中多种心肌细胞相关标志物和代谢物水平与高原心肺适能的相关性。结果 与低海拔地区相比,急进高原后最大摄氧量下降[(25.41±6.20) ml/(kg.min) vs. (30.17±5.01) ml/(kg.min),P<0.001],血清NT-proBNP、肾上腺素(E)、肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)和瘦素(LEP)水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Myo)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析结果显示,低海拔NT-proBNP(r=-0.768,P<0.001)和高原NT-proBNP(r=-0.791,P<0.001)分别与高原的最大摄氧量呈明显负相关;多元线性回归分析显示,低海拔最大摄氧量(t=2.069,P=0.045)、低海拔NT-proBNP(t=-2.436,P=0.020)和高原NT-proBNP(t=-3.578,P=0.001)是高原心肺适能的独立影响因素。结论 急进高原后心肺适能明显降低,低海拔基线NT-proBNP水平与急进高原后心肺适能密切相关,是高原心肺适能的潜在预测指标。

, correspAuthors=黄岚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄岚,E-mail:
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李平平,主要从事心衰相关标志物方面的研究

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李平平,主要从事心衰相关标志物方面的研究

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VO2max. 最大摄氧量;NT-proBNP. 氨基末端脑钠肽前体;**P<0.01;***P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=gJ8AeRF7apOphZNXiBKqsg==, figureFileBig=QuW2HkDTLWQJhkLP5+09pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198574751305270076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Correlation between NT-proBNP at low altitude and VO2max at high altitude, figureFileSmall=P24ke5DlXqdcHH9qByT8xw==, figureFileBig=3TMKLz+z+2FRbuMU0ZPsmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198574751372378942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=CN, label=图2, caption=低海拔NT-proBNP与高原VO2max的相关性

VO2max. 最大摄氧量;NT-proBNP. 氨基末端脑钠肽前体

, figureFileSmall=P24ke5DlXqdcHH9qByT8xw==, figureFileBig=3TMKLz+z+2FRbuMU0ZPsmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198574751447876416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Demographic characteristics and basic physiological indicators at baseline

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标统计量(n=46)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)33.3±7.8
性别[例(%)]
27(58.7)
19(41.3)
BMI [kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]22.19(20.22, 23.64)
饮酒史[例(%)]
正在或曾经饮酒10(21.7)
36(78.3)
吸烟史[例(%)]
正在或曾经吸烟6(13.0)
40(87.0)
心率(次/min, $\bar{x}±s$)79±10
SpO2 [%, M(Q1, Q3)]97(96, 98)
SBP [mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]112(104, 121)
DBP (mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$)74±11
), ArticleFig(id=1198574751527568194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究队列的人口学特征和基线基本生理指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标统计量(n=46)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)33.3±7.8
性别[例(%)]
27(58.7)
19(41.3)
BMI [kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]22.19(20.22, 23.64)
饮酒史[例(%)]
正在或曾经饮酒10(21.7)
36(78.3)
吸烟史[例(%)]
正在或曾经吸烟6(13.0)
40(87.0)
心率(次/min, $\bar{x}±s$)79±10
SpO2 [%, M(Q1, Q3)]97(96, 98)
SBP [mmHg, M(Q1, Q3)]112(104, 121)
DBP (mmHg, $\bar{x}±s$)74±11
), ArticleFig(id=1198574751628231492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Cardiopulmonary function exercise test and serum markers of participants at low and high altitude

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标低海拔(n=46)高原(n=46)P
VO2max[ml/(kg.min), $\bar{x}±s$]30.17±5.0125.41±6.20<0.001
NT-proBNP(ng/L, $\bar{x}±s$)67.07±36.1880.61±32.090.003
CK-MB[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]2.46(1.01, 3.67)2.29 (0.98, 3.45)0.797
cTnI[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]0.05(0.02, 0.07)0.04(0.02, 0.07)0.709
Myo[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]34.24(21.48, 55.42)30.32(23.23, 52.59)0.831
NE[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]226.37(196.96, 287.91)260.27(130.82, 387.88)0.307
E[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]773.04(627.32, 998.57)1048.78(505.79, 1844.19)0.004
PRA(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)44.46±15.7953.27±21.600.027
Ang Ⅱ(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)100.39±21.37126.46±53.640.002
ACE2(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)7.66±2.259.00±3.190.025
LEP(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)8.21±2.1911.91±5.72<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1198574751770837830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

低海拔及高原受试者CPET结果和血清标志物水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标低海拔(n=46)高原(n=46)P
VO2max[ml/(kg.min), $\bar{x}±s$]30.17±5.0125.41±6.20<0.001
NT-proBNP(ng/L, $\bar{x}±s$)67.07±36.1880.61±32.090.003
CK-MB[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]2.46(1.01, 3.67)2.29 (0.98, 3.45)0.797
cTnI[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]0.05(0.02, 0.07)0.04(0.02, 0.07)0.709
Myo[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]34.24(21.48, 55.42)30.32(23.23, 52.59)0.831
NE[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]226.37(196.96, 287.91)260.27(130.82, 387.88)0.307
E[ng/ml, M(Q1, Q3)]773.04(627.32, 998.57)1048.78(505.79, 1844.19)0.004
PRA(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)44.46±15.7953.27±21.600.027
Ang Ⅱ(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)100.39±21.37126.46±53.640.002
ACE2(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)7.66±2.259.00±3.190.025
LEP(ng/ml, $\bar{x}±s$)8.21±2.1911.91±5.72<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1198574751842141000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Correlation analysis of serum biomarkers and cardiopulmonary fitness at low and high altitude

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量高原VO2max[ml/(kg.min), $\bar{x}±s$]
rP
人口学特征和基本生理指标
年龄-0.3980.006
性别0.3950.007
BMI0.0420.780
饮酒史0.2110.159
吸烟史-0.1270.401
心率-0.2810.058
SpO2-0.0400.793
SBP-0.2720.067
DBP-0.3480.018
低海拔
VO2max0.774<0.001
NT-proBNP-0.768<0.001
CK-MB-0.0870.563
cTnI0.2420.105
Myo-0.1870.212
NE-0.1670.267
E-0.0200.896
PRA-0.2930.871
Ang Ⅱ0.0200.894
ACE20.1200.425
LEP-0.1000.509
高原
NT-proBNP-0.791<0.001
CK-MB-0.1960.191
cTnI-0.0190.899
Myo-0.2230.136
NE0.0450.768
E0.0590.695
PRA-0.1060.483
AngⅡ0.1610.286
ACE20.3030.341
LEP-0.0210.889
), ArticleFig(id=1198574751913444170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

低海拔及高原血清生物标志物与高原心肺适能的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量高原VO2max[ml/(kg.min), $\bar{x}±s$]
rP
人口学特征和基本生理指标
年龄-0.3980.006
性别0.3950.007
BMI0.0420.780
饮酒史0.2110.159
吸烟史-0.1270.401
心率-0.2810.058
SpO2-0.0400.793
SBP-0.2720.067
DBP-0.3480.018
低海拔
VO2max0.774<0.001
NT-proBNP-0.768<0.001
CK-MB-0.0870.563
cTnI0.2420.105
Myo-0.1870.212
NE-0.1670.267
E-0.0200.896
PRA-0.2930.871
Ang Ⅱ0.0200.894
ACE20.1200.425
LEP-0.1000.509
高原
NT-proBNP-0.791<0.001
CK-MB-0.1960.191
cTnI-0.0190.899
Myo-0.2230.136
NE0.0450.768
E0.0590.695
PRA-0.1060.483
AngⅡ0.1610.286
ACE20.3030.341
LEP-0.0210.889
), ArticleFig(id=1198574752005718860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Multivariate linear regression analysis of cardiopulmonary fitness and independent related indexes at high altitude

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变量BSEβtPVIF
年龄-0.0660.068-0.083-0.9720.3371.331
性别1.5521.0190.1251.5230.1361.218
DBP0.0150.0470.0280.3280.7451.283
VO2max0.3070.1490.2492.0690.0452.626
低海拔NT-proBNP-0.0480.020-0.280-2.4360.0202.402
高原NT-proBNP-0.0740.021-0.382-3.5780.0012.079
R20.644
调整后R20.589
F11.744
D-W值1.600
P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1198574752081216334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198558108453794123, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

高原心肺适能独立影响因素的多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEβtPVIF
年龄-0.0660.068-0.083-0.9720.3371.331
性别1.5521.0190.1251.5230.1361.218
DBP0.0150.0470.0280.3280.7451.283
VO2max0.3070.1490.2492.0690.0452.626
低海拔NT-proBNP-0.0480.020-0.280-2.4360.0202.402
高原NT-proBNP-0.0740.021-0.382-3.5780.0012.079
R20.644
调整后R20.589
F11.744
D-W值1.600
P<0.001
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NT-proBNP与急进高原人群心肺适能的相关性分析
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李平平 , 叶筱葳 , 杨杰 , 秦浙学 , 卞士柱 , 张继航 , 高旭滨 , 孙梦佳 , 刘振 , 吕海霖 , 贾倩羽 , 杨媛淇 , 杨冰洁 , 黄岚 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(9): 998-1003
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(9): 998-1003
NT-proBNP与急进高原人群心肺适能的相关性分析
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李平平, 叶筱葳, 杨杰, 秦浙学, 卞士柱, 张继航, 高旭滨, 孙梦佳, 刘振, 吕海霖, 贾倩羽, 杨媛淇, 杨冰洁, 黄岚*
作者信息
  • 陆军军医大学第二附属医院心血管内科/陆军军医大学全军高原医学临床重点专科,重庆 400037
  • 李平平,主要从事心衰相关标志物方面的研究

通讯作者:

黄岚,E-mail:
Correlation between the level of NT-proBNP and cardiorespiratory fitness of individuals following acute high altitude exposure
Ping-Ping Li, Xiao-Wei Ye, Jie Yang, Zhe-Xue Qin, Shi-Zhu Bian, Ji-Hang Zhang, Xu-Bin Gao, Meng-Jia Sun, Zhen Liu, Hai-Lin Lyu, Qian-Yu Jia, Yuan-Qi Yang, Bing-Jie Yang, Lan Huang*
Affiliations
  • Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University/High Altitude Medicine Clinical Key Specialty of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
出版时间: 2024-09-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1273.2024.0717
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目的 探讨低海拔基线血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与急进高原后心肺适能的相关性。方法 2022年6月于陆军军医大学第二附属医院招募受试者46人,其中男19人,女27人。所有受试者在低海拔地区(海拔300 m)完成心肺运动功能试验(CPET)、血清学心肌细胞相关标志物和多种代谢物检测后,乘坐飞机到达高原(海拔3900 m)。在进驻高原后的第2、3天,分别再次完成生物标志物检测和CPET。比较受试者急进高原前后血清生物标志物和CPET关键指标的变化情况,分析血清中多种心肌细胞相关标志物和代谢物水平与高原心肺适能的相关性。结果 与低海拔地区相比,急进高原后最大摄氧量下降[(25.41±6.20) ml/(kg.min) vs. (30.17±5.01) ml/(kg.min),P<0.001],血清NT-proBNP、肾上腺素(E)、肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)和瘦素(LEP)水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Myo)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析结果显示,低海拔NT-proBNP(r=-0.768,P<0.001)和高原NT-proBNP(r=-0.791,P<0.001)分别与高原的最大摄氧量呈明显负相关;多元线性回归分析显示,低海拔最大摄氧量(t=2.069,P=0.045)、低海拔NT-proBNP(t=-2.436,P=0.020)和高原NT-proBNP(t=-3.578,P=0.001)是高原心肺适能的独立影响因素。结论 急进高原后心肺适能明显降低,低海拔基线NT-proBNP水平与急进高原后心肺适能密切相关,是高原心肺适能的潜在预测指标。

心肺适能  /  高原  /  氨基末端脑钠肽前体  /  心肺运动试验

Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of N-terminal pro-Brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiorespiratory fitness following acute exposure to high altitude. Methods Forty-six subjects were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University in June 2022, including 19 males and 27 females. After completing cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), serological detection of myocardial cell-related markers, and multiple metabolites at a plain altitude (300 meters above sea level), all subjects flew to a high-altitude location (3900 meters above sea level). Biomarker testing and CPET were repeated on the second and third days after arrival at high altitude. Changes in serum biomarker and key CPET indicators before and after rapid ascent to high altitude were compared, and the correlation between serum levels of various myocardial cell-related markers and metabolites and high altitude cardiorespiratory fitness was analyzed. Results Compared with the plain altitude, there was a significant decrease in maximal oxygen uptake after rapid ascent to high altitude [(25.41±6.20) ml/(kg.min) vs. (30.17±5.01) ml/(kg.min), P<0.001]. Serum levels of NT-proBNP, Epinephrine (E), plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and leptin (LEP) significantly increased, with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05) after acute high altitude exposure. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed for creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (Myo) and norepinephrine (NE) (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between NT-proBNP at plain altitude (r=-0.768, P<0.001) and at high altitude (r=-0.791, P<0.001) with maximal oxygen uptake at high altitude. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that maximal oxygen uptake at plain altitude (t=2.069, P=0.045), NT-proBNP at plain altitude (t=-2.436, P=0.020) and at high altitude (t=-3.578, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of cardiorespiratory fitness at high altitude. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness significantly decreases after rapid ascent to high altitude, and the baseline NT-proBNP level at plain altitude is closely related to cardiorespiratory fitness at high altitude, making it a potential predictor indicator for high altitude cardiorespiratory fitness.

cardiorespiratory fitness  /  high altitude  /  N-terminal pro-Brain natriuretic peptide  /  cardiopulmonary exercise test
李平平, 叶筱葳, 杨杰, 秦浙学, 卞士柱, 张继航, 高旭滨, 孙梦佳, 刘振, 吕海霖, 贾倩羽, 杨媛淇, 杨冰洁, 黄岚. NT-proBNP与急进高原人群心肺适能的相关性分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (9) : 998 -1003 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1273.2024.0717
Ping-Ping Li, Xiao-Wei Ye, Jie Yang, Zhe-Xue Qin, Shi-Zhu Bian, Ji-Hang Zhang, Xu-Bin Gao, Meng-Jia Sun, Zhen Liu, Hai-Lin Lyu, Qian-Yu Jia, Yuan-Qi Yang, Bing-Jie Yang, Lan Huang. Correlation between the level of NT-proBNP and cardiorespiratory fitness of individuals following acute high altitude exposure[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (9) : 998 -1003 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1273.2024.0717
高原低压缺氧的自然环境给急进高原人群带来了严峻的生理挑战,也限制了急进高原人员的作业开展[1]。科学、有效、及时地筛选出急进高原后早期具有开展作业能力的个体,对进驻高原相关人员具有重要应用价值[2]。然而,目前国内外缺乏精确的个体化急进高原人群作业能力的筛选标准,往往通过经验判断进驻高原人员的机体作业能力[3]
心肺适能是评估机体作业能力的核心指标,反映了循环系统和呼吸系统的协同作用能力[4]。心肺运动功能试验(cardiopulmonary exercise testing,CPET)是评估心肺适能的金标准,可得到准确的最大摄氧量、无氧阈和呼吸补偿点等数据,但CPET仪器昂贵、检测耗时长、携带不方便,单位时间内通过人数有限。因此,寻找独立于CPET的快速、便携的心肺适能评估指标对大规模急进高原人群的个体化筛选具有重要意义。本研究团队前期研究发现,高原心肺适能的改变与暴露海拔高度、遗传差异和心血管基础疾病密切相关,而优化心肌能量代谢可减轻高原疲劳,维持高原心肺适能[5-7],提示心肌细胞代谢物或分泌物可能成为高原心肺适能的独立预测指标。为探究潜在的高原心肺适能血清学标志物,本研究开展单中心的临床队列研究,通过前后自身对照及相关性分析来探究潜在的血清学参数与高原心肺适能的相关性,旨在为早期、快速、便携地预测急进高原人群的作业能力提供借鉴。
本研究为队列研究。于2022年6月1-15日在陆军军医大学第二附属医院招募受试者。纳入标准:(1)年龄>18岁,汉族;(2)近期(6个月内)未进行高强度耐力运动(如额外的心肺运动试验、长跑及其他耐力运动);(3)能进行下肢阻力运动;(4)近6个月生活在低海拔地区(海拔<500 m)且至少10年内没有高原暴露史(海拔>2500 m);(5)愿意并有能力提供书面知情同意且遵守研究方案。排除标准:(1)呼吸系统、心血管系统、血液系统疾病、肝或肾功能障碍;(2)恶性肿瘤;(3)急性高原病病史或血管性水肿病史;(4)晕厥史或精神疾病;(5)妊娠或哺乳期女性。本研究已于中国临床试验注册中心注册(注册号:ChiCTR2200059900),研究方案符合《赫尔辛基宣言》,并获得陆军军医大学第二附属医院医学伦理委员会审查批准(2022-060-01)。所有参与者均知情同意,并签署书面知情同意书。
采集所有受试者的人口学特征和基本生理指标,包括年龄、性别、饮酒史、吸烟史、疾病史、疾病的性质和持续时间等。禁食12 h后进行血清生物标志物检查。受试者充分休息后进行CPET。在低海拔地区(海拔300 m)休息3 d后,统一乘坐飞机3 h到达西藏日喀则(海拔3900 m)。到达高原后,严密监测受试者有无高原相关疾病的症状。受试者到达高原后休息1 d。采用与低海拔地区相同的流程,分别在到达高原后第2、3天进行血清生物标志物检查或CPET。
安全终点包括任何不良事件、运动限制症状(如心绞痛、呼吸困难或肌肉疲劳)和任何规定的CPET终止标准(如血流动力学异常、心律异常或神经损伤),运动是否中止由专业的临床医师决定。受试者将可快速接受来自陆军军医大学第二附属医院或西藏日喀则分院治疗小组的急救。任何不良临床事件都将被报告给伦理委员会。本研究中尚未出现上述安全终点相关的不良事件。
CPET在电子制动功率计自行车(EC3000e,Customed)上进行,使用心肺运动测试系统(Metalyzer 3B,Cortex),受试者佩戴与脸部紧密贴合的面罩进行呼吸测量。整个测试在20~25 ℃的研究室内完成,由一名医师和一名熟练的心肺运动试验设备技术人员实施。在进行CPET前对静息肺功能进行标准化评估,本研究中使用的所有设备的基线生理测量值分别在受试者静息状态和站立状态下测量5 min。基线测量后立即进行测试。循环功率测量运动方案包括4个阶段:3 min休息阶段,3 min无负荷运动阶段,阻力以25 W/min持续增加的阻力运动阶段(持续10~12 min,直到测试完成或体能耗尽),以及3 min无负荷恢复阶段。最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen uptake,VO2max)定义为CPET时运动最后1 min内至运动峰值恢复的前15~30 s的平均值。标准12导联心电图、血压和经皮动脉血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SpO2)分别使用12导联心电图仪(custo-Cardio 3000BT-A,Cortex)、血压袖带(Suntech Tango M2,Cortex)和一个便携式指夹血氧计(Nonin wristOx2)进行测量。
在运动测试前1 d早晨8:00-8:15采集受试者血液,进行血清生物标志物检测。静坐15 min,上止血带后从肘窝处的静脉采集约5 ml静脉血,并立即与1 ml抗凝血剂(乙二胺四乙酸二钾抗凝剂)充分混合。随即使用高灵敏性酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒(江苏京美生物技术有限公司)检测氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-Brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase MB form,CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)和肌红蛋白(myoglobin,Myo)、肾上腺素(epinephrine)、肾素(plasma renin activity,PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ)、血管紧张素转换酶2(angiotensin converting enzyme 2,ACE2)、瘦素(leptin,LEP)、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)的血清浓度。所有生化参数均在陆军军医大学第二附属医院的临床实验室进行检测。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,并采用Graghpad Prism 8绘制统计图。计量资料呈正态分布者以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用配对t检验;非正态分布者以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。组间相关性采用Pearson或Spearman相关分析,并对相关指标进一步进行线性回归分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
根据纳入、排除标准,共招募受试者46名,其中男19人(41.3%),女27人(58.7%),平均体重指数(body mass index,BMI)为22.19 kg/m2,饮酒者10人(21.7%),吸烟者6人(13.0%)。受试者低海拔基线心率(79±10)次/min,SpO2为97%,静息收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)为112 (104,121) mmHg,静息舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)为(74±11) mmHg (表1)。
与低海拔时相比,急进高原后VO2max明显降低(P<0.001),血清NT-proBNP水平明显升高(P=0.003)(图1)。此外,急进高原暴露后,E(P=0.004)、PRA(P=0.027)、AngⅡ(P=0.002)、ACE2(P=0.025)及LEP(P<0.001)的血清水平均较低海拔时明显升高,而心肌损伤标志物CK-MB、cTnI、Myo及NE差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表2)。
相关分析结果显示,低海拔NT-proBNP(r=-0.768,P<0.001)及高原NT-proBNP(r=-0.791,P<0.001)与高原VO2max均呈明显负相关,而CK-MB、cTnI、Myo、NE、E、PRA、Ang Ⅱ、ACE2和LEP与高原心肺适能无明显相关性(表3)。低海拔NT-proBNP水平较低的受试者在急进高原后表现出更好的心肺适能(R2=0.3132,P<0.001,图2)。
将高原VO2max作为因变量,表3中有意义的年龄、性别、DBP、低海拔VO2max、低海拔NT-proBNP、高原NT-proBNP作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果显示,低海拔VO2max(t=2.069,P=0.045)、低海拔NT-proBNP(t=-2.436,P=0.020)及高原NT-proBNP(t=-3.578,P=0.001)是高原VO2max的独立影响因素(表4)。
我国高原多位于边境,且矿产资源丰富、地质灾害多、自然风光令人神往,每年有大批高原驻训官兵、产业工人、抢险救灾人员和游客来到高原。然而,高原低压缺氧的自然环境给急进高原部队、作业人员和游客带来了严峻的生理挑战,尤其是进驻高原需要急迫开展体力作业者,低压缺氧的自然环境限制了其心肺适能和早期工作的开展。此外,急进高原后以头痛、疲乏、眩晕和胃肠道症状为特征的急性高原病发病率高[8],也显著影响了急进高原人群的心肺适能。
心肺适能也被称为心肺适应性,是循环系统和呼吸系统协同向机体各组织中的线粒体提供氧气以进行体力活动所需能量的能力,反映了个体综合有氧运动能力以及体力作业能力[4,9]。心肺适能存在显著的性别差异,男性普遍高于女性,且在青年时期达到峰值,随着年龄增长逐渐降低[10]。心肺适能的评估方法主要包括CPET、6分钟步行试验[11]和亚极限定量负荷运动试验(PWC170)[12],其中CPET是目前国际上公认的金标准。通过CPET可获得准确的VO2max、无氧阈值和呼吸补偿点等心肺适能参数,不仅可为健康人群提供运动参考和心脏康复指导,也可作为筛选特殊环境作业人员的重要依据。通过CPET获得的心肺适能参数已被公认为众多心血管系统疾病全因死亡率的强预测因子和疾病转归的重要评估指标[9,13]。本研究采用CPET评估心肺适能,具有较高的准确性和可重复性。
本研究结果显示,世居低海拔地区人群急进高原后心肺适能普遍降低,主要表现为VO2max的下降,与既往研究一致[14],主要归因于高原低压缺氧导致肺泡氧分压降低,循环血氧饱和度及机体可利用氧减少[12]。VO2max降低表明高原体力作业能力下降,无氧阈值及呼吸补偿点提前,意味着机体在高原运动时将更早地出现骨骼肌氧供需失衡,乳酸等酸性代谢产物更早蓄积,且机体更早地通过呼吸代偿体内产生的酸性产物。既往研究表明,在海拔700 m以上,每增加1000 m,心肺适能下降约7%,且在6300 m以上高原呈更快地下降趋势[15]。本团队近期的临床研究表明,急进高原后心肺适能降低程度存在个体差异,且与缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)信号通路EPAS1EGLN1基因单核苷酸多态性有关[5-6]。人体在3900 m高原急性暴露后,亚极限定量负荷运动试验评估的心肺适能下降约21%[16],而给予心肌能量代谢优化药物能减轻高原缺氧对心肺适能的损伤并缓解高原疲劳症状[7],对急进高原实施体力作业的人群具有潜在的保护作用。尽管本团队前期已探索了急进高原后心肺适能改变个体差异的可能机制及潜在的保护药物[7,17],但早期识别出高原心肺适能损伤的个体对于急进高原人群作业能力的维护仍具有重要意义。
近年来研究发现,NT-proBNP与心肺适能密切相关[18]。在肥厚梗阻性心肌病、扩张型心肌病患者中,血清低水平NT-proBNP亚组具有更好的VO2max[19]。血清NT-proBNP作为心力衰竭的重要指标,由心室肌细胞中的proBNP裂解而来,不仅在心力衰竭患者血清中浓度增加,缺氧刺激也会促进NT-proBNP的分泌[19]。体外实验发现,心肌细胞在缺氧诱导后BNP mRNA表达水平明显升高[20]。人体急性缺氧(12%氧含量)超过60 min,血氧饱和度降低至82%±1%,而NT-proBNP水平升高约9%[21]。上述研究表明,缺氧通过牵拉刺激心肌细胞剪切proBNP并分泌NT-proBNP,而低海拔基线NT-proBNP水平可能成为预测高原心肺适能的潜在血清标志物。本研究发现,急进高原人群的NT-proBNP水平明显升高,提示急进高原后,由于血容量及循环后负荷的改变,导致了心肌细胞牵张力的改变,但NT-proBNP的改变仍在正常范围内,并未达到心功能失代偿的阈值,且心肌损伤标志物cTnI、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和CK-MB均无明显变化。因此,尽管NT-proBNP水平升高是循环前后负荷改变致心肌细胞牵张的结果,但并未出现心肌细胞损伤。
综上所述,本研究揭示了世居低海拔地区人群在急进高原后心肺适能的变化规律,且发现低海拔基线NT-proBNP水平与急进高原后的心肺适能密切相关,这为急进高原体力作业能力的预测提供了简便的指标。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性:(1)样本量较小,且为单中心研究,结果可能存在偏倚;(2)作为临床研究,尚不能确定其潜在机制;(3)基于研究目的,CPET获得的许多具有挖掘潜能的指标,仍需进一步纳入分析。因此,未来仍需纳入更多患者开展多中心、前瞻性研究,进一步明确低海拔基线NT-proBNP水平与急进高原后心肺适能的相关性,以早期、快速地预测急进高原人群的作业能力。
  • 陆军军医大学第二附属医院学科优才项目(2022D008)
参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第49卷第9期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1273.2024.0717
  • 接收时间:2023-09-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2024-09-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-27
  • 录用日期:2024-04-12
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Subject Excellence Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University(2022D008)
陆军军医大学第二附属医院学科优才项目(2022D008)
作者信息
    陆军军医大学第二附属医院心血管内科/陆军军医大学全军高原医学临床重点专科,重庆 400037

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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