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Article(id=1198202431042584792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1330.2024.0308, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696780800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1700755200000, acceptedDateStr=2023-11-24, onlineDate=1763603321085, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1730044800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763603321085, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763603321085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603321085, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198202427301265552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='10', pageStart='1099', pageEnd='1220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763603320193, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603941762, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198205034396746241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198205034396746242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1207, endPage=1212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198202431378129119, articleId=1198202431042584792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Research progress of exercise improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, columnId=1190243275882729994, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease characterized by excess fat accumulation within liver cells. The main causes include obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In recent years, NAFLD and other metabolic diseases have become global public health issues. Although some progress has been made in the drug treatment of NAFLD, the efficacy is limited and there are many adverse effects. As a treatment method with high safety and few adverse effects, exercise therapy has good application prospects in the treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases. However, challenges remain in overcoming patients' low exercise compliance and in finding safe and effective exercise therapy drug targets. This article explores the mechanisms and application prospects of exercise therapy in the treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases, summarizes the energy consumption, metabolic pathways, and inter-organ communication induced by exercise, aiming to provide useful references for clinical practitioners.

, correspAuthors=Ming-Shu Gao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是常见的慢性肝脏疾病，表现为肝细胞内脂肪的异常堆积。其主要病因包括肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢性疾病。近年来，NAFLD等代谢性疾病已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。NAFLD的药物治疗虽然已取得一定进步，但疗效有限且不良反应较多。运动疗法作为一种安全性高、不良反应少的治疗手段，在NAFLD等代谢性疾病的治疗中具有良好的应用前景；但如何克服患者运动依从性低的问题，寻求安全有效的相关药物靶点，仍面临挑战。本文探讨运动疗法在NAFLD等代谢性疾病治疗中的作用机制与应用前景，概述运动引起的能量消耗、代谢途径和组织器官间交流变化，以期为临床防治提供有益参考。

, correspAuthors=高铭舒, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
高铭舒，E-mail：
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魏元元，硕士研究生，主要从事线粒体相关代谢疾病的基础研究

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魏元元，硕士研究生，主要从事线粒体相关代谢疾病的基础研究

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魏元元，硕士研究生，主要从事线粒体相关代谢疾病的基础研究

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运动干预非酒精性脂肪性肝病进程的研究进展
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魏元元 1 , 黄启超 2 , 许小君 1 , 王楠 3 , 高铭舒 4, *
解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2024,49(10): 1207-1212
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解放军医学杂志 | 综述 2024, 49(10): 1207-1212
运动干预非酒精性脂肪性肝病进程的研究进展
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魏元元1, 黄启超2, 许小君1, 王楠3, 高铭舒4, *
作者信息
  • 1陕西中医药大学第二临床医学院，陕西咸阳 712046
  • 2空军军医大学基础医学院，陕西西安 710000
  • 3延安大学基础医学院，陕西延安 716000
  • 4西北大学生命科学学院，陕西西安 710000

    • 魏元元，硕士研究生，主要从事线粒体相关代谢疾病的基础研究

通讯作者:

高铭舒，E-mail：
Research progress of exercise improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Yuan-Yuan Wei1, Qi-Chao Huang2, Xiao-Jun Xu1, Nan Wang3, Ming-Shu Gao4, *
Affiliations
  • 1The Second Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
  • 2Basic Medical College of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
  • 3School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
  • 4College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
出版时间: 2024-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1330.2024.0308
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摘要
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非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是常见的慢性肝脏疾病，表现为肝细胞内脂肪的异常堆积。其主要病因包括肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢性疾病。近年来，NAFLD等代谢性疾病已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。NAFLD的药物治疗虽然已取得一定进步，但疗效有限且不良反应较多。运动疗法作为一种安全性高、不良反应少的治疗手段，在NAFLD等代谢性疾病的治疗中具有良好的应用前景；但如何克服患者运动依从性低的问题，寻求安全有效的相关药物靶点，仍面临挑战。本文探讨运动疗法在NAFLD等代谢性疾病治疗中的作用机制与应用前景，概述运动引起的能量消耗、代谢途径和组织器官间交流变化，以期为临床防治提供有益参考。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病  /  运动  /  治疗学

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease characterized by excess fat accumulation within liver cells. The main causes include obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In recent years, NAFLD and other metabolic diseases have become global public health issues. Although some progress has been made in the drug treatment of NAFLD, the efficacy is limited and there are many adverse effects. As a treatment method with high safety and few adverse effects, exercise therapy has good application prospects in the treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases. However, challenges remain in overcoming patients' low exercise compliance and in finding safe and effective exercise therapy drug targets. This article explores the mechanisms and application prospects of exercise therapy in the treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases, summarizes the energy consumption, metabolic pathways, and inter-organ communication induced by exercise, aiming to provide useful references for clinical practitioners.

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  exercise  /  therapeutics
魏元元, 黄启超, 许小君, 王楠, 高铭舒. 运动干预非酒精性脂肪性肝病进程的研究进展. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (10) : 1207 -1212 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1330.2024.0308
Yuan-Yuan Wei, Qi-Chao Huang, Xiao-Jun Xu, Nan Wang, Ming-Shu Gao. Research progress of exercise improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (10) : 1207 -1212 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1330.2024.0308
正文
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非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD)是常见的慢性肝疾病，以机体代谢紊乱为特征，全球患病率约为25%[1-2]。2023年美国肝病学会建议将NAFLD更名为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease，MASLD)，以彰显代谢过程在其发病机制中的重要性。NAFLD是一种在排除药物、过度饮酒及某些遗传性疾病因素的情况下，发生的肝脂肪变性疾病。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis，NASH)是NAFLD的炎症亚型，伴有肝脂肪变性、肝细胞损伤(气球样变)和炎症。NASH会逐渐发展为肝硬化、终末期肝病或需要肝移植[3]，目前尚缺少有效的治疗药物。近年来，随着人们对健康生活的重视，通过改变生活方式(如运动)来缓解NAFLD等代谢性疾病逐渐受到关注，但临床实践中患者对运动疗法的依从性不高。因此，探究运动对NAFLD/NASH进程的保护作用机制，提供安全有效的相关药物靶点有重要意义。以往文献主要报道了不同运动形式对NAFLD的防治效果，而运动在各组织器官中改善NAFLD的分子机制报道较少[3]。本文围绕运动改善NAFLD治疗的相关研究，综述运动如何影响全身各组织器官和重塑机体稳态，旨在为针对运动特定靶点的NAFLD药物开发和促进其临床治疗提供参考。
1 NAFLD的发病机制
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NAFLD定义为在无过量饮酒或其他可归因的情况下肝中异位脂质积累[4]，其包括一系列疾病过程：从单纯的肝脂肪变性到肝细胞死亡、炎症(NASH)及以纤维化病变为特征的更晚期的疾病[5]。NAFLD实质是肝细胞内三酰甘油过度积累，肝从血液中摄取游离脂肪酸或膳食脂肪水平增高，脂肪从头合成上调；同时，胰岛素抵抗导致脂肪组织向肝转移，游离脂肪酸增多，血液中游离脂肪酸水平升高，从而使肝内脂质增多[6-7]。脂质在肝中的过度累积可能引起内质网应激、氧化应激及线粒体功能障碍，从而诱导炎症和肝细胞变性[8]。
NAFLD发病机制复杂，目前有多种假说。其中1998年提出的“二次打击假说”得到部分学者支持。该假说认为，久坐不动的生活方式、不良饮食习惯、肥胖和胰岛素抵抗引起的肝脂质积累是“第一次打击”；这使肝对进一步的损害敏感，激活炎症级联反应和纤维生成，成为“第二次打击”[9]。然而，目前多数学者认为“二次打击假说”难以解释NAFLD发病机制的复杂性。因此，有学者提出了“多重打击假说”，认为多重伤害(营养因素、胰岛素抵抗、脂肪组织分泌的激素、肠道微生物群及遗传与表观遗传因素)共同作用于遗传易感者，进而诱导NAFLD形成[9]。
2 运动缓解NAFLD的机制
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NASH是一种与多种代谢并发症并存的疾病。尽管已经积累了关于NASH发病机制的大量信息，但目前尚无获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的NASH治疗药物。当前NASH的治疗措施主要是对运动、饮食等生活方式的改变[1]。不同运动形式(有氧运动、抗阻运动、高强度间歇运动或联合抗阻运动)的选择，应根据NAFLD的进程，结合患者自身生活方式、身体素质制定个性化运动处方。运动改善NAFLD的本质是通过运动重塑机体稳态，致使细胞、组织和器官系统的广泛适应[10-11]。临床证据和动物实验显示，运动训练可通过降低体重延缓脂肪肝的进程，也可独立于体重减轻而直接缓解脂肪肝进程。
2.1 运动训练可降低体重而间接延缓NAFLD的进程
降低体重是大多数NAFLD患者的主要治疗方法。降低体重可改善NAFLD患者的肝生化指标、肝组织学、血清胰岛素水平和生活质量[12]。研究显示，NAFLD患者体重显著减轻后肝生化指标得到改善[13]。复旦大学李小英团队2011年12月1日－2013年12月25日从厦门市社区筛查中招募患有中心性肥胖和NAFLD的220名参与者，在进行6、12个月慢跑或快走后，体重分别降低2.02%、2.61%，体脂分别降低0.85%、0.14%，血压分别降低4.4%、6.1%，肝中三酰甘油含量分别降低3.5%、3.8%[13]。此外，一项随机对照试验结果显示，历时12周的运动明显降低了患者肝、内脏脂肪和血浆三酰甘油水平[14]。
体重显著减轻后，NAFLD组织学的多个方面也可得到改善。一项随机对照试验将NASH患者进行48周的生活方式干预(增加身体活动和减少热量摄入)，干预结束后，对照组体重没有明显变化，干预组总脂肪含量减少9.3%；其中总脂肪含量减少≥7%的受试者在脂肪变性、小叶炎症、肝细胞气球样变和NAFLD活动评分方面明显缓解或改善，但肝纤维化没有缓解；总脂肪含量减少≥10%的患者中，45%肝纤维化消退至少1个阶段[15]。
2.2 运动训练直接调控NAFLD的进程
研究显示，即使体重没有减轻，定期有氧运动也能缓解肥胖引起的肝脂肪变性，即运动缓解脂肪肝的作用并不完全取决于体重减轻[16]；并且，阻力运动在没有体重减轻的情况下也可使NAFLD患者肝脂肪含量降低，脂质氧化、血糖调控和胰岛素抵抗均得到改善，提示阻力运动可独立于体重减轻延缓NAFLD进展[17]。此外，Hallsworth等[18]将38例NAFLD患者按照1:1的比例随机分配到为期12周的中等强度有氧运动组或阻力运动组，运动干预结束后，两组在没有体重降低的情况下，全身和肌肉胰岛素敏感性得到改善，腰围明显缩减，肝脂肪含量明显降低。
3 运动影响NAFLD的分子调控机制
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运动可改变机体环境，重塑生理过程。有研究显示，体内稳态控制表现为各个组织和器官(如骨骼肌、肝、脂肪组织)分泌的激素、细胞因子和生长因子进入机体环境，通过旁分泌和内分泌调节局部或远处器官的过程。随着时间推移，运动可调节器官间信号串扰，重塑体内稳态。
3.1 肝
3.1.1 肝因子
肝在运动后释放的分泌蛋白被称为肝因子，具有调控代谢的作用，例如，成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)。FGF21是复杂内分泌产物FGF家族的非典型成员，缺乏有丝分裂活性，作为一种激素，对葡萄糖和脂质代谢具有多效作用，总体上可促进胰岛素敏感性增加且具有肝保护作用。FGF21主要表达于肝，血液FGF21主要来源于肝，并与肝中FGF21的表达有明显相关性[19]。运动可诱导人体肝内FGF21分泌增加，进而增加胰岛素敏感性、降低体重[20]。多项研究显示，FGF21可延缓NASH发展。例如，在肥胖的啮齿动物和猴中，FGF21可降低胰岛素水平、改善胰岛素抵抗，抑制 NAFLD/NASH的驱动因素[21]。这些效应可能是由于FGF21作用于白色脂肪组织，通过增强葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)的表达促进葡萄糖摄取[22]，增强脂肪分解，并增加过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)的活性。
此外，在饮食性或遗传性肥胖动物模型中，FGF21可促进脂肪组织释放的脂联素增多，介导FGF21对胰岛素抵抗、高血糖、血脂异常和脂肪变性的有益作用。生长激素(growth hormone，GH)是一种垂体前叶合成代谢激素，负责调节脂肪分解和抗炎反应；其主要通过肝释放的IGF1发挥作用。GH和IGF1通常在肥胖时分泌减少，在胰岛素敏感性中起重要作用。虽然IGF1的主要来源被认为是肝，但IGF1也被证实是通过收缩肌肉释放的，且其循环水平可通过运动而上调。IGF1在啮齿动物NAFLD和NASH模型中具有抗纤维化特性：IGF1处理可导致NASH小鼠纤维化面积减少约70%，气球样坏死细胞数减少约50%，组织三酰甘油含量减少约20%[23]。这些发现都支持在运动后肝因子延缓脂肪肝进程的作用，提示运动可诱导肝、脂肪组织分泌细胞因子，调节器官间信号串扰，重塑体内稳态。
由于FGF21具有抗纤维化、改善代谢状态和治疗NASH的潜力。FGF21-免疫球蛋白Fc融合分子efruxifermin(曾被称为AKR-2)为治疗NASH提供了潜在的治疗方案。Akero制药公司公布的IIb期临床试验结果显示，活检确诊的NASH患者中，接受FGF21激动剂efruxifermin与胰高血糖素样蛋白1(GLP-1)受体激动剂联合治疗65周后肝脂肪减少12%[24]。提示FGF21治疗代谢性疾病的临床应用潜力巨大[25]。
3.1.2 肝内免疫微环境
多项研究显示，运动可通过释放脂肪因子、肌因子等调节代谢稳态及免疫系统功能[26]。天然杀伤细胞和吞噬细胞是免疫系统抵抗病毒感染的第一道防线，对短时有氧运动具有反应能力。Kawanishii等[27]基于16周有氧运动(15~20 m/min，60 min，5次/周)干预的高脂、高果糖诱导脂肪肝动物模型的研究结果显示，运动可下调肝和巨噬细胞中CD36和PPAR-γ蛋白的表达，减少肝中巨噬细胞数量。高强度间歇性运动(HIIT)在减轻NASH期间肝炎症方面似乎优于有氧运动[28]。另有研究显示，体育锻炼可通过减少NASH诱导的小鼠肝中库普弗细胞中CD36的表达来缓解肝炎症和纤维化[29]。
3.2 骨骼肌
肌因子是由骨骼肌细胞通过内质网—高尔基体途径或细胞外囊泡(EVs)分泌到胞外的蛋白质，在运动过程中可由肌肉分泌[30]。白细胞介素-6(IL-6)是一种由212个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质，由脂肪组织、骨骼肌和免疫系统细胞产生[31]。IL-6根据其表达的组织及其作用机制可发挥不同作用(促炎或抗炎)。目前IL-6在代谢性疾病中的促炎作用已被证实，如高脂饮食诱导的小鼠模型中单次注射抗体(MR16-1)可降低IL-6的表达，改善慢性疾病引起的胰岛素抵抗，进而降低肝脂质水平[32]。但临床研究显示，随着运动持续时间、强度和肌糖原消耗的增加，骨骼肌分泌的IL-6能够实现肌肉—器官串扰，维持代谢能量稳态平衡，同时还具有抗炎作用[33]。这是由于IL-6可通过两种不同信号通路来发挥作用：经典信号转导(IL-6与细胞表面受体mbIL-6R结合)与反式信号转导(IL-6与可溶性受体sIL-6R结合)[27,33]。其中经典信号转导是运动期间的主要信号转导机制，运动后肌细胞分泌的IL-6与非肌肉细胞(如肝细胞、单核细胞-巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞)中的 mbIL-6R相互作用，诱导级联信号，改善胰岛素敏感性和脂肪酸氧化，增加肝中脂肪和糖原分解[34]。IL-6还可通过内分泌实现肌肉—器官串扰，例如，肌肉释放的IL-6可刺激肠道和胰腺α细胞分泌GLP-1[35]；调节小鼠内脏脂肪组织(VAT)脂肪分解的标志物及VAT中用于三酰甘油生成的丙酮酸含量，改善小鼠和人类葡萄糖稳态，发挥运动抗炎作用[36]。目前，针对IL-6家族细胞因子治疗NAFLD等代谢性疾病的经验有限。2019年发表的一项随机对照试验结果显示，使用托珠单抗(tocilizumab)阻断IL-6Rα后，运动不能减少内脏脂肪含量[37]。这可能是由于托珠单抗阻断内源性IL-6信号转导损害了脂肪动员[38]；托珠单抗可降低肥胖或2型糖尿病患者饮食刺激的活性GLP-1的水平，但这种效果并没有通过运动进一步增强[33]。以上结果提示，针对IL-6家族细胞因子治疗代谢性疾病的方法值得在临床试验中进一步评估。
运动会产生部分代谢物。Li等[39]研究显示，在饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠模型中，连续服用N-乳酰基苯丙氨酸[Lac-Phe；50 mg/(kg.d)，持续10 d]可降低体重，改善肥胖及葡萄糖稳态；提示运动刺激产生的血源性信号代谢物——Lac-Phe可抑制进食和肥胖。运动可影响骨骼肌氨基酸代谢。运动过程可刺激骨骼肌中色氨酸分解及支链氨基酸(BCAA)氧化以提供能量[40]。由于循环BCAA与色氨酸竞争相同的转运蛋白，且BCAA可抑制色氨酸降解途径(犬尿氨酸通路)中的犬尿氨酸氨基转移酶活性，所以，运动中的能量代谢底物(如BCAA)会影响骨骼肌色氨酸代谢[41]。色氨酸可通过肠-肝轴合成吲哚丙酸(IPA)[42]。IPA可减轻大鼠的脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化，改善营养和能量代谢相关的途径。总之，运动可通过刺激运动因子的分泌和代谢物产生，与机体其他组织(如脂肪组织、骨骼、肝和肠道)串扰调节代谢重编程而发挥有益的生理和代谢作用[43]。
3.3 脂肪组织
脂联素是一种蛋白质，主要由脂肪组织细胞分泌并释放到循环中。研究显示，血清脂联素水平与运动有关[44-46]。在慢性有氧运动中，脂联素浓度升高；在急性有氧运动和阻力运动中脂联素浓度未发生明显改变，但在运动后的恢复期，脂联素浓度升高[44]。血液中脂联素浓度增高会导致内脏脂肪减少，增加胰岛素敏感性和发挥抗炎作用。总之，由于脂联素是肥胖和胰岛素敏感性的重要调节因子，并与NAFLD的发展有关，因此，其可能单独或与其他危险因素联合作为NAFLD诱导的肝损伤的治疗药物。近期研究显示，脂肪组织因响应运动而分泌转化生长因子-β2(TGF-β2)，这一机制是由于运动期间肌肉释放乳酸，通过乳酸-TGF-β2信号循环与脂肪进行器官间交流改善全身代谢，并在小鼠葡萄糖稳态中发挥作用[47]。脂联素、TGF-β2等脂肪因子的发现提示脂肪与肝组织之间存在相互作用，且这种作用可通过运动来调节。
脂联素的肝保护、胰岛素致敏作用使其成为理想的药理学靶点。因此，通过噻唑烷二酮等治疗药物增加脂联素的产生和分泌，具有广阔的应用前景[48-49]。
3.4 肠道
运动可改变人体肠道微生物群的组成及功能[50]。这些运动依赖性变化可能与体重、饮食无关，而取决于运动强度、模式和时间[51]。在人类中，运动员和低BMI的对照组与高BMI的对照组相比，Akkermansia属的种群数量有所增加；Akkermansia活菌可增高肠道内源性大麻素水平，内源性大麻素可控制肠道炎症并改善肠道屏障功能[52]。高脂饮食诱导的幼年大鼠脂肪肝模型进行5周有氧和阻力联合训练干预后，副拟杆菌属、拟杆菌属和黄杆菌属细菌增多，布劳蒂亚、异胞菌和卟啉单胞菌减少，肝三酰甘油含量降低，大泡性脂肪变性减少，脂质代谢相关基因的表达降低；提示运动可改善高脂饮食诱导的微生物群失衡，保护肠道屏障，防止肠-肝轴失调，调节胆汁酸稳态，延缓NAFLD进程[53]。在高脂饮食诱导的小鼠进行高强度间歇运动，可增加肠最末端的肠道微生物基因丰度(MGR)，逆转高脂饮食引起的微生物改变[53]，延缓NAFLD进程。总之，不同运动方式调节肠道微生物群并降低NAFLD风险的效果及潜在机制尚不清楚，但现有数据显示，运动可调节NAFLD患者肠道微生物群的组成、多样性和相对丰度[54]，改善肥胖和延缓NAFLD进展。
4 总结与展望
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随着对NAFLD等代谢性疾病疗法及运动重塑机体稳态研究的深入，运动疗法可延缓NAFLD进展已被业界认可。本文总结了运动疗法的潜在作用机制，旨在促进更全面地认识运动在NAFLD治疗方面的作用和应用前景。然而，因为患者对运动疗法依从性不同，不同运动形式对NAFLD的改善效果具有较大的个体差异。在NAFLD运动疗法的实施中，应针对患者的具体情况提出个性化、针对性方案。今后应进一步推进运动疗法的潜在作用机制研究，以阐明运动对NAFLD特定阶段治疗的作用，开发更简单有效的干预方法及药物靶点。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(81972590)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1330.2024.0308
  • 接收时间：2023-10-09
  • 首发时间：2025-11-20
  • 出版时间：2024-10-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-09
  • 录用日期：2023-11-24
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972590)
国家自然科学基金(81972590)
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    1陕西中医药大学第二临床医学院，陕西咸阳 712046
    2空军军医大学基础医学院，陕西西安 710000
    3延安大学基础医学院，陕西延安 716000
    4西北大学生命科学学院，陕西西安 710000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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