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Article(id=1198202430002397356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1425.2024.0418, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698940800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1708185600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-18, onlineDate=1763603320837, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1730044800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763603320837, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763603320837, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603320837, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198202427301265552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='10', pageStart='1099', pageEnd='1220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763603320193, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603941762, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198205034396746241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198205034396746242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1134, endPage=1143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198202430316970169, articleId=1198202430002397356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The prognosis analysis of hepatitis B virus-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients after surgical resection, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) whose HBV DNA was negative before surgical. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 97 ICC patients who underwent surgery resection at the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between October 2010 and January 2017. All patients were divided into HBV-related ICC (HBV-ICC) group (n=62) and non-HBV-related ICC (Con-ICC) group (n=35). HBV-ICC group included 34 patients with HBV core antigen positive (HBcAb+) and HBV surface antigen positive (HBsAg+), and 28 patients with HBcAb positive and HBsAg negative. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot survival curves and compare the overall survival (OS) and postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) among patients in Con-ICC, ICC patients with HBsAg+/HBcAb+, and ICC patients with HBsAg-/HBcAb+. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze independent influencing factor for OS, RFS and early postoperative recurrence among gender, age, pathogenic factor, liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh grade, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glutamine transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, tumor size, tumor number, tumor differentiation, microvascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, hepatectomy procedure, cholecystectomy, and follow-up treatment. Results Of the 97 patients, the median age was 56 years, and 79 (81.4%) of them were male. The median follow-up time was 92.2 months. Eighty-eight (90.7%) patients presented with tumor recurrence and 73 (75.3%) died. In multivariate analyses, HBV-ICC and CA199>37 kU/L were independent predictors of OS (HR=0.45, 95%CI 0.26-0.77, P=0.003; HR=2.10, 95%CI 1.24-3.57, P=0.006), RFS (HR=0.43, 95%CI 0.27-0.68, P<0.001; HR=1.78, 95%CI 1.12-2.81, P=0.014), and postoperative early recurrence (HR=0.42, 95%CI 0.26-0.70, P=0.001; HR=2.02, 95%CI 1.20-3.39, P=0.008). AJCC stage Ⅲ was an independent risk factor for postoperative RFS (HR=1.81, 95%CI 1.04-3.14, P=0.037). Multiple tumor lesions was an independent risk factor for postoperative RFS and early recurrence (HR=1.73, 95%CI 1.07-2.77, P=0.024; HR=1.90, 95%CI 1.12-3.24, P=0.017). There was no statistically significant difference in OS, RFS, and early recurrence between HBV-ICC patients with HBsAg-/HBcAb+ and Con-ICC patients (P<0.05), whereas HBsAg+/HBcAb+ was a significant factor affecting postoperative OS (HR=0.32, 95%CI 0.16-0.62, P=0.001), RFS (HR=0.32, 95%CI 0.18-0.55, P<0.001), and early recurrence (HR=0.29, 95%CI 0.15-0.54, P<0.001) in ICC patients. Conclusions The prognosis of HBV-ICC patients with preoperative HBV-DNA- is better than that of Con-ICC patients. The prognosis of HBV-ICC patients with HBcAb+/HBsAg- is worse than that of HBV-ICC patients with HBcAb+/HBsAg+, but similar to Con-ICC patients. Therefore, the postoperative stratified management of HBV-ICC patients should be emphasized.

, correspAuthors=Zhen Zeng, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨术前乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)阴性的HBV相关性肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者的预后。方法收集2010年10月－2017年1月在解放军总医院第五医学中心接受手术切除的97例ICC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将所有患者分为HBV相关性ICC(HBV-ICC)组(n=62)与非HBV相关性ICC(Con-ICC)组(n=35)。其中，HBV-ICC组包括HBV表面抗原阳性(HBsAg+)且HBV核心抗体阳性(HBcAb+)患者34例，HBsAg-且HBcAb+患者28例。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，比较Con-ICC与HBV-ICC患者的总生存期(OS)和术后无复发生存期(RFS)差异，以及Con-ICC、HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC与HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的OS和RFS差异；采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析性别、年龄、致病因素、有无肝硬化、Child-Pugh分级、糖类抗原19-9(CA199)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、谷氨酰胺转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)分期、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、肿瘤分化、有无微血管侵犯、有无淋巴结转移、肝切除范围、有无胆囊切除和有无后续治疗等指标中影响患者OS、RFS及术后早期复发的因素。结果 97例中位年龄56岁，其中男79例(81.4%)；中位随访时间92.2个月，其中88例(90.7%)复发，73例(75.3%)死亡。HBV相关病因及CA199>37 kU/L是ICC患者术后OS(HR=0.45，95%CI 0.26~0.77，P=0.003；HR=2.10，95%CI 1.24~3.57，P=0.006)、RFS(HR=0.43，95%CI 0.27~0.68，P<0.001；HR=1.78，95%CI 1.12~2.81，P=0.014)及早期复发(HR=0.42，95%CI 0.26~0.70，P=0.001；HR=2.02，95%CI 1.20~3.39，P=0.008)的独立影响因素。AJCC分期Ⅲ期是ICC术后RFS(HR=1.81，95%CI 1.04~3.14，P=0.037)的独立危险因素。多发肿瘤是ICC患者术后RFS及术后早期复发的独立危险因素(HR=1.73，95%CI 1.07~2.77，P=0.024；HR=1.90，95%CI 1.12~3.24，P=0.017)。HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者与Con-ICC患者的OS、RFS及早期复发预后差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)，而HBsAg+/HBcAb+是ICC患者术后OS(HR=0.32，95%CI 0.16~0.62，P=0.001)、RFS(HR=0.32，95%CI 0.18~0.55，P<0.001)及早期复发(HR=0.29，95%CI 0.15~0.54，P<0.001)的独立影响因素。结论 术前HBV-DNA阴性HBV-ICC患者的预后优于Con-ICC患者。HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的预后较HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者差，而与Con-ICC患者预后相似。应重视对HBV-ICC患者的术后分层管理。

, correspAuthors=曾珍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
曾珍，E-mail：
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于书敏，硕士研究生，主要从事肝脏原发肿瘤等方面的研究

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于书敏，硕士研究生，主要从事肝脏原发肿瘤等方面的研究

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于书敏，硕士研究生，主要从事肝脏原发肿瘤等方面的研究

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World J Gastroenterol, 2022, 28(41): 5968-5981., articleTitle=Prognostic analysis of patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma after radical resection: a retrospective multicenter cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198319036955193844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, awardId=2018ZX10725-506-002, language=EN, fundingSource=National Major Science and Technology Special Project of China(2018ZX10725-506-002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198319037085217270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, awardId=2018ZX10725-506-002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10725-506-002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198319037219435001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, awardId=2018ZX10302205-001, language=EN, fundingSource=National Major Science and Technology Special Project of 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figureFileBig=hItYJg6Iny8841vNPn4C3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198319033931100594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ICC患者纳入及分组流程

ICC. 肝内胆管细胞癌；HBV. 乙型肝炎病毒；HCV. 丙型肝炎病毒；PSC. 原发性硬化性胆管炎；PBC. 原发性胆汁性肝硬化；HBsAg. 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原；HBcAb. 乙型肝炎核心抗体

, figureFileSmall=yu/KsSHvgrBkNjl2RU7DRQ==, figureFileBig=hItYJg6Iny8841vNPn4C3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198319034153398712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Overall survival and recurrence outcomes of patients between HBV-ICC and Con-ICC groups, figureFileSmall=or7mCaum4ZUU8grJiz3wnQ==, figureFileBig=dmuAg+68ISeqg3GzDvAfdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198319034258256316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HBV-ICC与Con-ICC患者的生存及无复发生存曲线

HBV-ICC. 乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝内胆管细胞癌；Con-ICC. 非乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝内胆管细胞癌

, figureFileSmall=or7mCaum4ZUU8grJiz3wnQ==, figureFileBig=dmuAg+68ISeqg3GzDvAfdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198319034379891134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Overall survival and recurrence outcomes of Con-ICC, HBcAb+/HBsAg- ICC and HBcAb+/HBsAg+ ICC patients, figureFileSmall=Ic+O416weZiJui4HjRMWVQ==, figureFileBig=nTeUbSc2Wjoxt7QhKCRMQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198319034497331652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Con-ICC、HBcAb+/HBsAg- ICC和HBcAb+/HBsAg+ ICC组患者的生存及无复发生存曲线

Con-ICC. 非乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝内胆管细胞癌；HBsAg. 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原；HBcAb. 乙型肝炎核心抗体

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Comparison of clinical features between hepatitis B virus-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients (HBV-ICC) and other intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients (Con-ICC) [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

Con-ICC组

(n=35)

HBV-ICC组

(n=62)

χ²P
性别0.0000.998
男28(80.0)51(82.3)
女7(20.0)11(17.7)
年龄(岁)0.0700.791
≤5618(51.4)35(56.5)
>5617(48.6)27(43.5)
肝硬化10(28.6)23(37.1)0.3940.530
Child-Pugh分级2.5320.112
A级23(65.7)51(82.3)
B级12(34.3)11(17.7)
CA199(kU/L)0.0000.995
≤3715(42.9)28(45.2)
>3720(57.1)34(54.8)
AFP(μg/L)0.0240.876
≤1030(85.7)51(82.3)
>105(14.3)11(17.7)
GGT(U/L)2.3730.123
≤5010(28.6)29(46.8)
>5025(71.4)33(53.2)
ALP(U/L)2.9050.088
≤15018(51.4)44(71.0)
>15017(48.6)18(29.0)
DBil(μmol/L)3.1420.076
≤8.021(60.0)49(79.0)
>8.014(40.0)13(21.0)
TBil(μmol/L)0.5870.443
≤20.522(62.9)45(72.6)
>20.513(37.1)17(27.4)
AJCC分期2.9210.087
Ⅰ/Ⅱ期11(31.4)32(51.6)
Ⅲ期24(68.6)30(48.4)
肿瘤直径(cm)0.0010.977
≤515(42.9)25(40.3)
>520(57.1)37(59.7)
肿瘤数目0.0001.000
单发25(71.4)44(71.0)
多发10(28.6)18(29.0)
肿瘤分化0.2460.884
低分化11(31.4)18(29.0)
中分化18(51.4)35(56.5)
高分化6(17.2)9(14.5)
微血管侵犯16(45.7)22(35.5)0.6000.439
淋巴结转移14(40.0)17(27.4)1.1010.294
肝脏切除范围0.0001.000
小范围切除21(60.0)37(59.7)
大范围切除14(40.0)25(40.3)
胆囊切除17(48.6)34(54.8)0.1460.703
后续治疗8(22.9)20(32.3)0.5590.454
), ArticleFig(id=1198319034719629768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HBV-ICC组与Con-ICC患者的临床指标比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

Con-ICC组

(n=35)

HBV-ICC组

(n=62)

χ²P
性别0.0000.998
男28(80.0)51(82.3)
女7(20.0)11(17.7)
年龄(岁)0.0700.791
≤5618(51.4)35(56.5)
>5617(48.6)27(43.5)
肝硬化10(28.6)23(37.1)0.3940.530
Child-Pugh分级2.5320.112
A级23(65.7)51(82.3)
B级12(34.3)11(17.7)
CA199(kU/L)0.0000.995
≤3715(42.9)28(45.2)
>3720(57.1)34(54.8)
AFP(μg/L)0.0240.876
≤1030(85.7)51(82.3)
>105(14.3)11(17.7)
GGT(U/L)2.3730.123
≤5010(28.6)29(46.8)
>5025(71.4)33(53.2)
ALP(U/L)2.9050.088
≤15018(51.4)44(71.0)
>15017(48.6)18(29.0)
DBil(μmol/L)3.1420.076
≤8.021(60.0)49(79.0)
>8.014(40.0)13(21.0)
TBil(μmol/L)0.5870.443
≤20.522(62.9)45(72.6)
>20.513(37.1)17(27.4)
AJCC分期2.9210.087
Ⅰ/Ⅱ期11(31.4)32(51.6)
Ⅲ期24(68.6)30(48.4)
肿瘤直径(cm)0.0010.977
≤515(42.9)25(40.3)
>520(57.1)37(59.7)
肿瘤数目0.0001.000
单发25(71.4)44(71.0)
多发10(28.6)18(29.0)
肿瘤分化0.2460.884
低分化11(31.4)18(29.0)
中分化18(51.4)35(56.5)
高分化6(17.2)9(14.5)
微血管侵犯16(45.7)22(35.5)0.6000.439
淋巴结转移14(40.0)17(27.4)1.1010.294
肝脏切除范围0.0001.000
小范围切除21(60.0)37(59.7)
大范围切除14(40.0)25(40.3)
胆囊切除17(48.6)34(54.8)0.1460.703
后续治疗8(22.9)20(32.3)0.5590.454
), ArticleFig(id=1198319034837070285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Univariate and multivariate Cox regressive analysis of the overall survival among ICC patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
性别(女 vs.男)0.71(0.39~1.29)0.257
年龄(>56岁 vs. ≤56岁)0.94(0.59~1.49)0.784
致病因素(HBV-ICC vs. Con-ICC)0.50(0.31~0.79)0.0040.45(0.26~0.77)0.003
肝硬化(有 vs. 无)0.67(0.41~1.11)0.119
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs. A级)2.02(1.19~3.42)0.0091.15(0.64~2.09)0.640
CA199(>37 kU/L vs. ≤37 kU/L)2.49(1.53~4.05)<0.0012.10(1.24~3.57)0.006
AFP(>10 μg/L vs. ≤10 μg/L)1.00(0.53~1.91)0.990
GGT(>50 U/L vs. ≤50 U/L)1.93(1.19~3.13)0.0081.34(0.77~2.33)0.308
ALP(>150 U/L vs. ≤150 U/L)1.39(0.86~2.23)0.177
TBil(>20.5 μmol/L vs. ≤20.5 μmol/L)1.50(0.92~2.44)0.101
DBil(>8.0 μmol/L vs. ≤8.0μmol/L)1.59(0.97~2.62)0.066
AJCC分期(Ⅲ期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)2.52(1.55~4.11)<0.0011.37(0.74~2.53)0.319
肿瘤大小(>5 cm vs. ≤5 cm)1.15(0.72~1.84)0.569
肿瘤数目(多发 vs.单发)1.77(1.08~2.89)0.0221.63(0.95~2.82)0.078
肿瘤分化
中分化 vs. 低分化1.20(0.71~2.04)0.491
高分化 vs. 低分化1.03(0.50~2.15)0.930
微血管侵犯(有 vs. 无)1.18(0.74~1.88)0.488
淋巴结转移(有 vs. 无)2.99(1.83~4.89)<0.0011.72(0.90~3.29)0.101
肝切除范围(大范围 vs. 小范围)1.69(1.06~2.68)0.0281.13(0.65~1.97)0.664
胆囊切除(有 vs. 无)1.38(0.87~2.18)0.177
后续治疗(有 vs. 无)1.17(0.71~1.94)0.532
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035009036753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ICC患者总生存期的单因素和多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
性别(女 vs.男)0.71(0.39~1.29)0.257
年龄(>56岁 vs. ≤56岁)0.94(0.59~1.49)0.784
致病因素(HBV-ICC vs. Con-ICC)0.50(0.31~0.79)0.0040.45(0.26~0.77)0.003
肝硬化(有 vs. 无)0.67(0.41~1.11)0.119
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs. A级)2.02(1.19~3.42)0.0091.15(0.64~2.09)0.640
CA199(>37 kU/L vs. ≤37 kU/L)2.49(1.53~4.05)<0.0012.10(1.24~3.57)0.006
AFP(>10 μg/L vs. ≤10 μg/L)1.00(0.53~1.91)0.990
GGT(>50 U/L vs. ≤50 U/L)1.93(1.19~3.13)0.0081.34(0.77~2.33)0.308
ALP(>150 U/L vs. ≤150 U/L)1.39(0.86~2.23)0.177
TBil(>20.5 μmol/L vs. ≤20.5 μmol/L)1.50(0.92~2.44)0.101
DBil(>8.0 μmol/L vs. ≤8.0μmol/L)1.59(0.97~2.62)0.066
AJCC分期(Ⅲ期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)2.52(1.55~4.11)<0.0011.37(0.74~2.53)0.319
肿瘤大小(>5 cm vs. ≤5 cm)1.15(0.72~1.84)0.569
肿瘤数目(多发 vs.单发)1.77(1.08~2.89)0.0221.63(0.95~2.82)0.078
肿瘤分化
中分化 vs. 低分化1.20(0.71~2.04)0.491
高分化 vs. 低分化1.03(0.50~2.15)0.930
微血管侵犯(有 vs. 无)1.18(0.74~1.88)0.488
淋巴结转移(有 vs. 无)2.99(1.83~4.89)<0.0011.72(0.90~3.29)0.101
肝切除范围(大范围 vs. 小范围)1.69(1.06~2.68)0.0281.13(0.65~1.97)0.664
胆囊切除(有 vs. 无)1.38(0.87~2.18)0.177
后续治疗(有 vs. 无)1.17(0.71~1.94)0.532
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035151643095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Univariate and multivariate Cox regressive analysis of the recurrence-free survival among ICC patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
性别(女 vs. 男)0.73(0.42~1.28)0.275
年龄(>56岁vs. ≤56岁)1.10(0.72~1.68)0.650
致病因素(HBV-ICC vs. Con-ICC)0.47(0.30~0.73)<0.0010.43(0.27~0.68)<0.001
肝硬化(有 vs. 无)0.74(0.47~1.15)0.181
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs. A级)1.57(0.96~2.58)0.072
CA199(>37 kU/L vs. ≤37 kU/L)1.81(1.17~2.78)0.0071.78(1.12~2.81)0.014
AFP(>10 μg/L vs. ≤10 μg/L)0.92(0.52~1.61)0.763
GGT(>50 U/L vs. ≤50 U/L)1.54(1.00~2.38)0.052
ALP(>150 U/L vs. ≤150 U/L)1.24(0.80~1.92)0.342
TBil(>20.5 μmol/L vs. ≤20.5 μmol/L)1.38(0.88~2.18)0.163
DBil(>8.0 μmol/L vs. ≤8.0μmol/L)1.39(0.88~2.22)0.161
AJCC分期(Ⅲ期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)2.23(1.43~3.48)<0.0011.81(1.04~3.14)0.037
肿瘤大小(>5 cm vs. ≤5 cm)1.13(0.74~1.73)0.579
肿瘤数目(多发 vs.单发)1.66(1.05~2.62)0.0301.73(1.07~2.77)0.024
肿瘤分化
中分化 vs. 低分化1.39(0.86~2.25)0.177
高分化 vs. 低分化0.88(0.45~1.71)0.697
微血管侵犯(有 vs. 无)0.98(0.63~1.51)0.922
淋巴结转移(有 vs. 无)1.87(1.20~2.92)0.0060.93(0.52~1.65)0.798
肝切除范围(大范围 vs. 小范围)1.23(0.80~1.88)0.343
胆囊切除(有 vs. 无)1.15(0.76~1.75)0.516
后续治疗(有 vs. 无)1.36(0.86~2.16)0.189
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035227140569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ICC患者无复发生存期的单因素和多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
性别(女 vs. 男)0.73(0.42~1.28)0.275
年龄(>56岁vs. ≤56岁)1.10(0.72~1.68)0.650
致病因素(HBV-ICC vs. Con-ICC)0.47(0.30~0.73)<0.0010.43(0.27~0.68)<0.001
肝硬化(有 vs. 无)0.74(0.47~1.15)0.181
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs. A级)1.57(0.96~2.58)0.072
CA199(>37 kU/L vs. ≤37 kU/L)1.81(1.17~2.78)0.0071.78(1.12~2.81)0.014
AFP(>10 μg/L vs. ≤10 μg/L)0.92(0.52~1.61)0.763
GGT(>50 U/L vs. ≤50 U/L)1.54(1.00~2.38)0.052
ALP(>150 U/L vs. ≤150 U/L)1.24(0.80~1.92)0.342
TBil(>20.5 μmol/L vs. ≤20.5 μmol/L)1.38(0.88~2.18)0.163
DBil(>8.0 μmol/L vs. ≤8.0μmol/L)1.39(0.88~2.22)0.161
AJCC分期(Ⅲ期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)2.23(1.43~3.48)<0.0011.81(1.04~3.14)0.037
肿瘤大小(>5 cm vs. ≤5 cm)1.13(0.74~1.73)0.579
肿瘤数目(多发 vs.单发)1.66(1.05~2.62)0.0301.73(1.07~2.77)0.024
肿瘤分化
中分化 vs. 低分化1.39(0.86~2.25)0.177
高分化 vs. 低分化0.88(0.45~1.71)0.697
微血管侵犯(有 vs. 无)0.98(0.63~1.51)0.922
淋巴结转移(有 vs. 无)1.87(1.20~2.92)0.0060.93(0.52~1.65)0.798
肝切除范围(大范围 vs. 小范围)1.23(0.80~1.88)0.343
胆囊切除(有 vs. 无)1.15(0.76~1.75)0.516
后续治疗(有 vs. 无)1.36(0.86~2.16)0.189
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035323609565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Univariate and multivariate Cox regressive analysis of early recurrence among ICC patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
性别(女 vs.男)0.62(0.32~1.22)0.168
年龄(>56岁 vs. ≤56岁)1.04(0.64~1.67)0.882
致病因素(HBV-ICC vs. Con-ICC)0.47(0.29~0.76)0.0020.42(0.26~0.70)0.001
肝硬化(有 vs. 无)0.74(0.44~1.23)0.244
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs. A级)1.38(0.80~2.36)0.248
CA199(>37 kU/L vs. ≤37 kU/L)1.96(1.20~3.21)0.0072.02(1.20~3.39)0.008
AFP(>10 μg/L vs. ≤10 μg/L)0.80(0.40~1.61)0.529
GGT(>50 U/L vs. ≤50 U/L)1.50(0.91~2.48)0.108
ALP(>150 U/L vs. ≤150 U/L)1.08(0.66~1.76)0.766
TBil(>20.5 μmol/L vs. ≤20.5 μmol/L)1.22(0.74~2.03)0.438
DBil(>8.0 μmol/L vs. ≤8.0 μmol/L)1.17(0.70~1.98)0.549
AJCC分期(Ⅲ期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)2.13(1.29~3.52)0.0031.81(0.98~3.35)0.060
肿瘤大小(>5 cm vs. ≤5 cm)1.07(0.66~1.74)0.780
肿瘤数目(多发 vs.单发)1.85(1.11~3.07)0.0191.90(1.12~3.24)0.017
肿瘤分化
中分化 vs. 低分化1.63(0.94~2.82)0.081
高分化 vs. 低分化0.90(0.41~1.99)0.794
微血管侵犯(有 vs. 无)0.95(0.58~1.56)0.838
淋巴结转移(有 vs. 无)1.67(1.02~2.75)0.0420.79(0.42~1.48)0.459
肝切除范围(大范围 vs. 小范围)1.14(0.70~1.85)0.605
胆囊切除(有 vs. 无)1.11(0.69~1.79)0.657
后续治疗(有 vs. 无)1.54(0.93~2.56)0.092
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035415884255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ICC患者早期复发的单因素和多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
性别(女 vs.男)0.62(0.32~1.22)0.168
年龄(>56岁 vs. ≤56岁)1.04(0.64~1.67)0.882
致病因素(HBV-ICC vs. Con-ICC)0.47(0.29~0.76)0.0020.42(0.26~0.70)0.001
肝硬化(有 vs. 无)0.74(0.44~1.23)0.244
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs. A级)1.38(0.80~2.36)0.248
CA199(>37 kU/L vs. ≤37 kU/L)1.96(1.20~3.21)0.0072.02(1.20~3.39)0.008
AFP(>10 μg/L vs. ≤10 μg/L)0.80(0.40~1.61)0.529
GGT(>50 U/L vs. ≤50 U/L)1.50(0.91~2.48)0.108
ALP(>150 U/L vs. ≤150 U/L)1.08(0.66~1.76)0.766
TBil(>20.5 μmol/L vs. ≤20.5 μmol/L)1.22(0.74~2.03)0.438
DBil(>8.0 μmol/L vs. ≤8.0 μmol/L)1.17(0.70~1.98)0.549
AJCC分期(Ⅲ期 vs. Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)2.13(1.29~3.52)0.0031.81(0.98~3.35)0.060
肿瘤大小(>5 cm vs. ≤5 cm)1.07(0.66~1.74)0.780
肿瘤数目(多发 vs.单发)1.85(1.11~3.07)0.0191.90(1.12~3.24)0.017
肿瘤分化
中分化 vs. 低分化1.63(0.94~2.82)0.081
高分化 vs. 低分化0.90(0.41~1.99)0.794
微血管侵犯(有 vs. 无)0.95(0.58~1.56)0.838
淋巴结转移(有 vs. 无)1.67(1.02~2.75)0.0420.79(0.42~1.48)0.459
肝切除范围(大范围 vs. 小范围)1.14(0.70~1.85)0.605
胆囊切除(有 vs. 无)1.11(0.69~1.79)0.657
后续治疗(有 vs. 无)1.54(0.93~2.56)0.092
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035575267812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Univariate and multivariate Cox regressive analysis of the prognosis of Con-ICC, HBcAb+/HBsAg- and HBcAb+/HBsAg+ among ICC patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量OSRFS早期复发
单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
HBcAb+/HBsAg- vs. Con-ICC0.78(0.45~1.34)0.3660.60(0.33~1.09)0.0920.72(0.43~1.21)0.2120.59(0.35~1.00)0.0500.72(0.41~1.27)0.2590.60(0.34~1.06)0.076
HBcAb+/HBsAg+ vs. Con-ICC0.33(0.19~0.60)<0.0010.32(0.16~0.62)0.0010.34(0.21~0.58)<0.0010.32(0.18~0.55)<0.0010.32(0.18~0.59)<0.0010.29(0.15~0.54)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1198319035705291240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198202430002397356, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

Con-ICC、HBcAb+/HBsAg-及HBcAb+/HBsAg+ ICC患者预后的单因素和多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量OSRFS早期复发
单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析单因素Cox分析多因素Cox分析
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
HBcAb+/HBsAg- vs. Con-ICC0.78(0.45~1.34)0.3660.60(0.33~1.09)0.0920.72(0.43~1.21)0.2120.59(0.35~1.00)0.0500.72(0.41~1.27)0.2590.60(0.34~1.06)0.076
HBcAb+/HBsAg+ vs. Con-ICC0.33(0.19~0.60)<0.0010.32(0.16~0.62)0.0010.34(0.21~0.58)<0.0010.32(0.18~0.55)<0.0010.32(0.18~0.59)<0.0010.29(0.15~0.54)<0.001
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乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝内胆管细胞癌切除术患者的预后分析
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于书敏 1, 2 , 常秀娟 2 , 谷月月 2, 3 , 贾晓东 4 , 黄加干 2 , 宫嫚 2 , 曾珍 1, 2, 3, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(10): 1134-1143
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(10): 1134-1143
乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝内胆管细胞癌切除术患者的预后分析
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于书敏1, 2, 常秀娟2, 谷月月2, 3, 贾晓东4, 黄加干2, 宫嫚2, 曾珍1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1北京大学302临床医学院，北京 100039
  • 2解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部，北京 100039
  • 3安徽医科大学解放军307临床学院/安徽医科大学第五临床医学院，安徽合肥 230032
  • 4解放军总医院第五医学中心肿瘤医学部，北京 100039

    • 于书敏，硕士研究生，主要从事肝脏原发肿瘤等方面的研究

通讯作者:

曾珍，E-mail：
The prognosis analysis of hepatitis B virus-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients after surgical resection
Shu-Min Yu1, 2, Xiu-Juan Chang2, Yue-Yue Gu2, 3, Xiao-Dong Jia4, Jia-Gan Huang2, Man Gong2, Zhen Zeng1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China
  • 2Department of Liver Disease Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 3The 307 Clinical College of Chinese PLA/the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
  • 4Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
出版时间: 2024-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1425.2024.0418
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摘要
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目的 探讨术前乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)阴性的HBV相关性肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者的预后。方法收集2010年10月－2017年1月在解放军总医院第五医学中心接受手术切除的97例ICC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将所有患者分为HBV相关性ICC(HBV-ICC)组(n=62)与非HBV相关性ICC(Con-ICC)组(n=35)。其中，HBV-ICC组包括HBV表面抗原阳性(HBsAg+)且HBV核心抗体阳性(HBcAb+)患者34例，HBsAg-且HBcAb+患者28例。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，比较Con-ICC与HBV-ICC患者的总生存期(OS)和术后无复发生存期(RFS)差异，以及Con-ICC、HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC与HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的OS和RFS差异；采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析性别、年龄、致病因素、有无肝硬化、Child-Pugh分级、糖类抗原19-9(CA199)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、谷氨酰胺转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)分期、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、肿瘤分化、有无微血管侵犯、有无淋巴结转移、肝切除范围、有无胆囊切除和有无后续治疗等指标中影响患者OS、RFS及术后早期复发的因素。结果 97例中位年龄56岁，其中男79例(81.4%)；中位随访时间92.2个月，其中88例(90.7%)复发，73例(75.3%)死亡。HBV相关病因及CA199>37 kU/L是ICC患者术后OS(HR=0.45，95%CI 0.26~0.77，P=0.003；HR=2.10，95%CI 1.24~3.57，P=0.006)、RFS(HR=0.43，95%CI 0.27~0.68，P<0.001；HR=1.78，95%CI 1.12~2.81，P=0.014)及早期复发(HR=0.42，95%CI 0.26~0.70，P=0.001；HR=2.02，95%CI 1.20~3.39，P=0.008)的独立影响因素。AJCC分期Ⅲ期是ICC术后RFS(HR=1.81，95%CI 1.04~3.14，P=0.037)的独立危险因素。多发肿瘤是ICC患者术后RFS及术后早期复发的独立危险因素(HR=1.73，95%CI 1.07~2.77，P=0.024；HR=1.90，95%CI 1.12~3.24，P=0.017)。HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者与Con-ICC患者的OS、RFS及早期复发预后差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)，而HBsAg+/HBcAb+是ICC患者术后OS(HR=0.32，95%CI 0.16~0.62，P=0.001)、RFS(HR=0.32，95%CI 0.18~0.55，P<0.001)及早期复发(HR=0.29，95%CI 0.15~0.54，P<0.001)的独立影响因素。结论 术前HBV-DNA阴性HBV-ICC患者的预后优于Con-ICC患者。HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的预后较HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者差，而与Con-ICC患者预后相似。应重视对HBV-ICC患者的术后分层管理。

肝内胆管细胞癌  /  乙型肝炎病毒  /  早期复发  /  预后

Objective To investigate the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) whose HBV DNA was negative before surgical. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 97 ICC patients who underwent surgery resection at the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between October 2010 and January 2017. All patients were divided into HBV-related ICC (HBV-ICC) group (n=62) and non-HBV-related ICC (Con-ICC) group (n=35). HBV-ICC group included 34 patients with HBV core antigen positive (HBcAb+) and HBV surface antigen positive (HBsAg+), and 28 patients with HBcAb positive and HBsAg negative. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot survival curves and compare the overall survival (OS) and postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) among patients in Con-ICC, ICC patients with HBsAg+/HBcAb+, and ICC patients with HBsAg-/HBcAb+. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze independent influencing factor for OS, RFS and early postoperative recurrence among gender, age, pathogenic factor, liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh grade, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glutamine transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, tumor size, tumor number, tumor differentiation, microvascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, hepatectomy procedure, cholecystectomy, and follow-up treatment. Results Of the 97 patients, the median age was 56 years, and 79 (81.4%) of them were male. The median follow-up time was 92.2 months. Eighty-eight (90.7%) patients presented with tumor recurrence and 73 (75.3%) died. In multivariate analyses, HBV-ICC and CA199>37 kU/L were independent predictors of OS (HR=0.45, 95%CI 0.26-0.77, P=0.003; HR=2.10, 95%CI 1.24-3.57, P=0.006), RFS (HR=0.43, 95%CI 0.27-0.68, P<0.001; HR=1.78, 95%CI 1.12-2.81, P=0.014), and postoperative early recurrence (HR=0.42, 95%CI 0.26-0.70, P=0.001; HR=2.02, 95%CI 1.20-3.39, P=0.008). AJCC stage Ⅲ was an independent risk factor for postoperative RFS (HR=1.81, 95%CI 1.04-3.14, P=0.037). Multiple tumor lesions was an independent risk factor for postoperative RFS and early recurrence (HR=1.73, 95%CI 1.07-2.77, P=0.024; HR=1.90, 95%CI 1.12-3.24, P=0.017). There was no statistically significant difference in OS, RFS, and early recurrence between HBV-ICC patients with HBsAg-/HBcAb+ and Con-ICC patients (P<0.05), whereas HBsAg+/HBcAb+ was a significant factor affecting postoperative OS (HR=0.32, 95%CI 0.16-0.62, P=0.001), RFS (HR=0.32, 95%CI 0.18-0.55, P<0.001), and early recurrence (HR=0.29, 95%CI 0.15-0.54, P<0.001) in ICC patients. Conclusions The prognosis of HBV-ICC patients with preoperative HBV-DNA- is better than that of Con-ICC patients. The prognosis of HBV-ICC patients with HBcAb+/HBsAg- is worse than that of HBV-ICC patients with HBcAb+/HBsAg+, but similar to Con-ICC patients. Therefore, the postoperative stratified management of HBV-ICC patients should be emphasized.

intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  /  hepatitis B virus  /  early recurrence  /  prognosis
于书敏, 常秀娟, 谷月月, 贾晓东, 黄加干, 宫嫚, 曾珍. 乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝内胆管细胞癌切除术患者的预后分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (10) : 1134 -1143 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1425.2024.0418
Shu-Min Yu, Xiu-Juan Chang, Yue-Yue Gu, Xiao-Dong Jia, Jia-Gan Huang, Man Gong, Zhen Zeng. The prognosis analysis of hepatitis B virus-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients after surgical resection[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (10) : 1134 -1143 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1425.2024.0418
正文
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肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma，ICC)是仅次于肝细胞癌的肝脏第二常见的原发恶性肿瘤[1-3]。病毒性肝炎、肝内胆管结石、肥胖、寄生虫、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis，PBC)及原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis，PSC)等是公认的导致ICC发病的危险因素[4]。为明确乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus，HBV)这一危险因素对预后的影响，国内外大量研究将ICC患者分为HBV感染相关性ICC(HBV-ICC)与非HBV感染相关性ICC(conventional ICC，Con-ICC)患者，其中HBV-ICC患者包括HBV表面抗原阳性(HBsAg+)且HBV核心抗体阳性(HBcAb+)的ICC患者，以及HBsAg-且HBcAb+的ICC患者[4-8]。然而，目前对于HBV-ICC患者预后的研究结果仍存在争议，一些研究认为，HBV-ICC患者的预后优于其他危险因素相关的ICC患者[4-5]；也有研究指出HBV感染与ICC的生存预后无明显相关性[9-10]。有研究发现，HBV-ICC患者较高的HBV-DNA水平与较短的术后总生存期独立相关，有效的抗病毒治疗能明显延长HBV-ICC患者的生存时间[6]，但尚无研究报道术前HBV-DNA阴性其手术预后情况。本文回顾性分析行根治性切除ICC患者的临床资料，比较Con-ICC患者与术前HBV-DNA阴性HBV-ICC患者的术后生存、复发(包括早期复发)结局，以及Con-ICC、HBsAg-/HBcAb+HBV-ICC与HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC三组患者的预后差异，旨在探讨HBV感染状态对ICC患者手术预后的影响。
1 资料与方法
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1.1 研究对象
收集2010年10月－2017年1月在解放军总医院第五医学中心接受手术切除的153例ICC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。纳入标准：(1)术后病理学诊断为ICC；(2)行根治性切除术且术后病理检查报告切缘阴性；(3)有完整的临床病例资料及随访资料。排除标准：(1)术后病理诊断为混合型肝细胞-胆管细胞癌；(2)乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物资料不完整或HBV-DNA阳性(本院HBV-DNA最低检测下限为40 IU/ml，HBV-DNA>40 IU/ml为HBV-DNA阳性)；(3)合并丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus，HCV)感染；(4)合并HBV感染、肝内胆管结石、寄生虫、PSC或PBC等多种高危因素；(5)入组前接受过手术、放疗、化疗及消融治疗；(6)发生远处转移；(7)合并其他严重疾病或围手术期死亡。根据排除标准，排除56例，其中失访6例，基线资料不完整9例，混合性肝细胞-胆管细胞癌25例，HBV-DNA阳性10例，合并HCV感染2例，HBV感染合并PSC2例及HBV感染合并PBC 2例。最终本研究共纳入97例ICC患者，其中HBV-ICC(HBsAg+/HBcAb+和HBsAg-HBcAb+)62例，Con-ICC(HBsAg-且HBcAb-)35例。而HBV-ICC患者中，HBsAg+HBcAb+的ICC患者34例，HBsAg-HBcAb+的ICC患者28例。患者入组流程见图1。本研究遵循《赫尔辛基宣言》，已获解放军总医院第五医学中心伦理委员会审批(2019002D)。
1.2 资料收集
收集患者信息包括年龄、性别及体重指数(BMI)。收集患者术前1周内的实验室检查结果，包括HBV血清标志物、血常规、肝功能指标及肿瘤标志物。收集可能影响预后的指标，包括并发症、美国东部肿瘤协作组活动状态评分(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status，ECOG-PST)、术前肝功能Child-Pugh评级、手术方式及是否接受后续治疗。根据影像学报告及术后病理报告，收集肿瘤大小、数目及病理诊断，记录有无微血管癌栓及淋巴结转移，依据美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint Committee on Cancer，AJCC)建立国际性的分期标准，记录患者肿瘤淋巴结转移(tumor-node-metastasis，TNM)分期。
1.3 手术方式
根据《原发性肝癌诊疗指南之肝内胆管癌诊疗中国专家共识(2022版)》[11]，ICC患者手术方法的选择基于根治性切除肿瘤(R0)及保留足够的功能性剩余肝脏体积的原则。97例均接受肝切除术，术中探查怀疑有肝门部淋巴结转移的患者常规行预防性淋巴结清扫术，部分患者行胆囊切除术。大范围肝切除定义为切除3段或更多肝段的肝脏，小范围肝切除定义为切除两段或少于两段的肝脏[12-13]。部分患者在手术后接受肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization，TACE)、化疗及消融治疗等后续治疗。
1.4 随访
患者术后2年内每3个月复查1次，2年后未复发的患者每半年复查1次，5年后未复发的患者每年复查1次。随访项目包括血常规、肝功能、腹部增强CT或MRI、肺部CT检查等。对于未按时到院复查的患者，采用电话随访了解患者的治疗、复发及生存情况，末次随访时间为2023年2月。肿瘤复发是指影像学检查发现新发病灶。术后无复发生存期(recurrence-free survival，RFS)是指手术至复发、死亡或末次随访的时间，早期复发指术后2年内复发；总生存期(overall survival，OS)是指手术至死亡或末次随访的时间。
1.5 预后影响因素分析
比较Con-ICC和HBV-ICC患者的总生存期(OS)和术后无复发生存期(RFS)，以及Con-ICC、HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC与HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的OS和RFS；采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析性别、年龄、致病因素、有无肝硬化、Child-Pugh分级、糖类抗原19-9(CA199)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、AJCC分期、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、肿瘤分化、有无微血管侵犯、有无淋巴结转移、肝切除范围、有无胆囊切除和有无后续治疗等指标中影响患者OS、RFS及术后早期复发的因素。
1.6 统计学处理
采用R4.1.1软件进行统计分析。计量资料均为偏态分布，以[M(Q1，Q3)]表示，两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以例(%)表示，两组间比较采用χ²检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，用Log-Rank法比较各组间的生存率。对所收集的指标进行单因素Cox比例风险筛查，并筛选有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素Cox比例风险回归模型进行分析，以确定影响患者预后的独立因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
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2.1 ICC患者的临床特征
97例中，男79例(81.4%)，女18例(18.6%)，年龄56(49.0，63.0)岁；术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级A级74例(76.3%)，B级23例(23.7%)；31例(32%)发生肝门部淋巴结转移，38例(39.2%)存在微血管癌栓，28例(28.9%)为肿瘤病灶多发，57例(58.8%)肿瘤最大直径>5 cm；43例(44.3%)为AJCC分期Ⅰ或Ⅱ期(Ⅰ期20例，Ⅱ期31例)，54例(55.7%)为AJCC分期Ⅲ期(ⅢA期23例，ⅢB期31例)；28例(28.9%)接受了后续治疗。HBV-ICC组与Con-ICC组的一般资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2 ICC患者术后复发及生存情况
截至随访结束，97例患者的中位随访时间为92.2(79.5，116.0)个月。88例(90.7%)患者出现肿瘤复发，中位复发时间为9.8(7.9，14.3)个月；其中早期复发患者68例(70.1%)。73例(75.3%)患者在随访期间死亡，中位生存时间为24.5(18.6，32.4)个月，1、3、5年的总体生存率分别为71.6%、35.0%、23.5%。
HBV-ICC患者的中位OS为33.5(24.4，50.1)个月，Con-ICC患者为14.8(9.6，26.7)个月，HBV-ICC患者的OS优于Con-ICC患者，差异有统计学意义(HR=0.50，95%CI 0.31~0.79，P=0.004)；HBV-ICC患者的中位RFS为11.4(95%CI 9.1~26.4)个月，Con-ICC患者为6.0(95%CI 4.4~12.7)个月，HBV-ICC患者的RFS优于Con-ICC患者，差异有统计学意义(HR=0.47，95%CI 0.30~0.73，P=0.001)(图2)。
2.3 ICC患者预后的独立影响因素分析
单因素和多因素Cox回归分析发现，HBV相关病因及CA199>37 kU/L是ICC患者术后OS的影响因素(表2)。HBV相关病因、CA199>37 kU/L、AJCC分期Ⅲ期及多发肿瘤是ICC患者术后RFS的影响因素(表3)。HBV相关病因、CA199>37 kU/L及多发肿瘤是术后早期复发的影响因素(表4)。
2.4 Con-ICC组、HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC组、HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC组患者的预后比较
HBsAg+/HBcAb+组患者中位OS为43.3个月，长于HBsAg-/HBcAb+组患者的26.4个月(HR=0.40，95%CI 0.21~0.73，P=0.003)，以及Con-ICC组的14.8个月(HR=0.33，95%CI 0.19~0.60，P<0.001)。但HBsAg-/HBcAb+组与Con-ICC组的OS差异无统计学意义(HR=0.78，95%CI 0.45~1.34，P=0.366)。HBsAg+/HBcAb+组患者的中位RFS为24.1个月，高于HBsAg-/HBcAb+组患者的8.1个月(HR=0.43，95%CI 0.25~0.75，P=0.003)，以及Con-ICC组的6.0个月(HR=0.34，95%CI 0.21~0.58，P<0.001)。但HBsAg-/HBcAb+组与Con-ICC组的RFS差异无统计学意义(HR=0.72，95%CI 0.43~1.21，P=0.212，图3)。进一步进行单因素和多因素Cox回归分析发现，与Con-ICC比较，HBsAg+/HBcAb+是ICC患者术后OS、RFS及早期复发的独立影响因素；而HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者与Con-ICC组患者的OS、RFS及早期复发差异无统计学意义(P>0.05，表5)。
3 讨论
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ICC具有起病隐匿、高侵袭性、预后差等特点，是一种恶性程度较高的肝脏原发肿瘤，且近年来的发病率及病死率呈逐年上升趋势[2]。到目前为止，手术切除仍然是唯一有可能治愈ICC的治疗手段。然而，即使接受了根治性切除治疗的患者，中位生存期也仅40个月，5年生存率仅15%~40%[14]。研究发现，ICC患者的预后除受肿瘤分期、肿瘤数量、淋巴结转移、治疗手段等多种因素的影响，还与发病诱因相关，不同发病诱因的ICC在细胞起源、发病机制、临床特征及患者预后等方面可能存在差异[4]。作为乙肝高发地区，中国有约50%的ICC患者曾有HBV感染[15]，HBV感染相关的ICC作为我国最常见的ICC亚型之一，应受到更多的关注。
Zhang等[5]发现，既往发生过HBV感染的ICC患者术后1年生存率较未发生过HBV感染的患者高。Li等[4]也报道HBV感染相关病因是ICC患者预后的有利因素。然而，也有研究指出，HBV感染与ICC的生存预后无相关性，可能是由于HBV-ICC患者存在HBV感染，有规律的复查使得患者能更早地发现病灶，才导致较好的生存结局，该结局与病因无关[9-10]。HBV感染对ICC术后患者的预后影响尚有争议，笔者推测争议的原因可能是不同HBV感染转归的HBV-ICC患者预后存在差异。目前一致认为HBV-DNA的长期复制及HBV再激活是导致HBV-ICC患者手术预后差的原因。由于近20年高疗效、低耐药抗HBV药物的使用，大部分HBV-ICC患者肿瘤发病时的HBV-DNA为阴性状态。对于这部分患者，HBsAg也能反映HBV病毒的感染状态及复制能力[16]，而目前大多数研究只是简单将HBsAg+HBcAb+和HBsAg-/HBcAb+的ICC患者纳为一组，而未再进一步区分这部分患者的HBsAg结果。因此，本研究分析术前HBV-DNA阴性HBV-ICC患者的手术预后，以及HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC、HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者及Con-ICC组患者预后的差异。
本研究发现，术前HBV-DNA阴性HBV-ICC患者的中位生存期明显长于非HBV相关ICC患者，且Cox多因素回归分析证实，在排除了其他干扰因素后，HBV相关病因仍是ICC患者生存期的独立影响因素。其原因可能是：(1)患者感染HBV病毒获得的免疫记忆能够被ICC激活，抗肿瘤免疫效果更强[5]；(2)HBV-ICC与Con-ICC可能起源于不同的肝脏细胞，非HBV相关的ICC往往起源于大胆管，有较强淋巴结转移、神经及胆管的侵袭特性，而HBV-ICC可能与HCC起源于同一种具有多分化潜能的肝脏始祖细胞，在不同的肿瘤微环境下分化为不同的肿瘤类型，因此，HBV-ICC在生物学特性上与HCC相似，其恶性程度低于其他病因的ICC[17]。此外，一项研究证实，有效的抗病毒治疗能够抑制HBV相关ICC患者的HBV再激活，预防术后复发并延长生存期[6]。本研究中HBV-ICC患者的HBV-DNA均为阴性，说明本研究中HBV-ICC患者的病毒复制得到了很好的控制，规避了ICC复发的一个重要风险，而Con-ICC患者的很多病因并不明确，即使病因明确的患者，进行病因学治疗也有困难，因此不能从病因治疗上降低复发的风险。
针对HBV-DNA阴性的乙肝患者，HBsAg水平可反映宿主对HBV复制及感染的免疫控制能力。因此，本研究根据HBsAg将HBV-ICC患者分为HBsAg-/HBcAb+与HBsAg+/HBcAb+两类，并探讨了Con-ICC、HBsAg-/HBcAb+及HBsAg+/HBcAb+患者的预后差异，结果发现，HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的中位OS及RFS均优于HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC，而HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的预后与Con-ICC患者无明显差异。分析可能的原因，HBsAg-/HBcAb+患者一般存在两种情况：急性HBV感染恢复后HBsAg消失，或慢性HBV感染患者在HBeAg血清学转换后发生自发性的HBsAg清除[18]。单独的HBcAb+临床意义尚不完全清楚，但HBsAg-/HBcAb+的献血者或器官移植供者引起的HBV传播已有报道[19]，且长期大剂量使用免疫抑制剂的HBsAg-/HBcAb+患者有较高的HBV再激活风险[20]。此外，研究发现有0~20%的HBsAg-/HBcAb+患者能检测出较低水平的HBV-DNA[21]。因此，单独的HBcAb+患者可能存在隐匿性HBV感染或HBV再激活的风险。而本研究为回顾性研究，不能确定HBsAg-/HBcAb+患者发生HBsAg清除的具体病程，不能确定这一人群是否经历慢性HBV感染的过程，以及后期进展为ICC的机制，可能与HBsAg长期存在的HBV-ICC患者并不相同。因此，这一人群的发病机制值得更深入地探讨。本研究发现，既往临床研究中将HBsAg-/HBcAb+及HBsAg+/HBcAb+的ICC患者纳为一组，可能会掩盖HBsAg-/HBcAb+这一人群的真实预后。而发生HBsAg清除的具体病程不同是否对ICC的发病及预后产生影响，值得进一步探究。此外，临床上也有很少数接受抗病毒治疗后HBsAg清除的患者[22]，但本研究并未收集到这部分病例，因此，经抗病毒药物治疗后HBsAg被清除的患者与HBsAg自发清除患者的预后是否不同，仍有待进一步研究。
ICC患者术后复发率高达54%~71%，是其预后差的主要原因。有研究将ICC术后复发分为早期复发(术后2年内)及晚期复发(2年后)[23]。据报道，ICC术后早期复发率高，且发生早期复发患者的长期预后更差[24]。因此，明确ICC患者术后早期复发的因素及相关机制具有重要意义。截至目前，对ICC患者术后复发尤其是早期复发有预测价值的因素尚未明确。本研究首先明确了HBV-ICC组与Con-ICC组患者的无复发生存时间存在明显差异，且HBV相关病因与术后复发独立相关，提示HBV相关病因也是ICC患者术后早期复发的独立影响因素。
近年来发现，CA199水平在ICC患者中明显上升，对于早期无特异性表现的ICC，血清CA199检验是很好的筛查手段[25]。本研究证实，较高水平的CA199与患者较差的OS及RFS独立相关，这与之前的报道一致[26]。本研究发现，较高的CA199水平、AJCC分期高及肿瘤多发是ICC术后早期复发的危险因素，且该结论已获得学术界的公认[23]。但本研究仍存在缺陷：(1)样本量较小，可能存在选择偏倚；(2)对于ICC早期复发最佳的临界时间尚无定论，仍需要更多的研究加以验证；(3)未根据患者发生HBsAg自发清除的具体病程进行分组，从而研究其与ICC患者手术预后的相关性；(4)未对比经抗病毒药物治疗后HBsAg转阴及HBsAg自发清除患者的预后差异。因此，未来应收集更多的HBV-ICC病例，以及病毒清除效果更好的药物出现后再进一步研究。
综上所述，相对于其他病因所致的ICC患者，术前HBV-DNA阴性的HBV-ICC患者术后复发时间及生存期均较长，尤其是早期复发率低。HBsAg-/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者的预后与HBsAg+/HBcAb+ HBV-ICC患者存在明显差异。因此，在今后的临床治疗及研究中，不应简单地将HBsAg-/HBcAb+和HBsAg+/HBcAb+的ICC患者纳为一组。Con-ICC患者及HBsAg-/HBcAb+的HBV-ICC患者术后复发风险更高、生存预后更差，应加强对其术后的监测及随访，尽早发现复发病灶，并给予及时的治疗。
基金
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  • 国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10725-506-002)
  • 国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10302205-001)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1425.2024.0418
  • 接收时间：2023-11-03
  • 首发时间：2025-11-20
  • 出版时间：2024-10-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-03
  • 录用日期：2024-02-18
基金
National Major Science and Technology Special Project of China(2018ZX10725-506-002)
国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10725-506-002)
National Major Science and Technology Special Project of China(2018ZX10302205-001)
国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10302205-001)
作者信息
    1北京大学302临床医学院，北京 100039
    2解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部，北京 100039
    3安徽医科大学解放军307临床学院/安徽医科大学第五临床医学院，安徽合肥 230032
    4解放军总医院第五医学中心肿瘤医学部，北京 100039

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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