Article(id=1198202427842330768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0981.2023.1220, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689868800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1699372800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-11-08, onlineDate=1763603320321, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1730044800000, pubDateStr=2024-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763603320321, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763603320321, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603320321, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198202427301265552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='10', pageStart='1099', pageEnd='1220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763603320193, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603941762, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198205034396746241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198205034396746242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198202427301265552, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1105, endPage=1109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198202428119154835, articleId=1198202427842330768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Protective effect of remazolam on important organs, columnId=1198202428035268754, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Special Issue on Mechanisms and Protective Strategies of Perioperative Organ Injury Ⅱ, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Remazolam is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist. It is a short-acting benzodiazepine drug that has just been launched in China in recent years. Its mechanism of action is to enhance inhibitory neurotransmitters of GABA in the central nervous system. It has been widely used in clinical practice for sedation, hypnosis, anti anxiety, and the treatment of insomnia. Meanwhile, remazolam is mainly used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia during the perioperative period, with a fast onset time and a brief duration of action. Recent studies have shown that remazolam can protect important organs and alleviate organ damage by reducing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, regulating cell apoptosis, and other pathways. This article summarizes the protective effects and mechanisms of remazolam on the brain, heart, liver, and lung, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of remazolam.

, correspAuthors=Long-Sheng Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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瑞马唑仑是一种γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体激动剂,是近年在国内上市的短效苯二氮䓬类药物,其作用机制是通过增强中枢神经系统中的抑制性神经递质GABA的作用,从而产生镇静和催眠效果,在临床上已经被广泛应用于镇静、催眠、抗焦虑、治疗失眠等方面。同时,瑞马唑仑在围手术期主要应用于全身麻醉诱导和维持,有较快的起效时间和短暂的作用时长。近年来研究表明,瑞马唑仑可通过减轻炎症反应和氧化应激、调节细胞凋亡等途径来保护重要器官和减轻器官损伤。本文总结瑞马唑仑对脑、心、肝、肺等器官的保护作用及其机制,以为瑞马唑仑的临床应用提供理论基础。

, correspAuthors=张隆盛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张隆盛,E-mail:
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李森,硕士研究生,主要从事临床麻醉方面的研究

张隆盛,医学硕士,主任医师,广东医科大学、汕头大学医学院硕士研究生导师,广东省揭阳市人民医院麻醉科手术室党支部书记,兼任中国人体健康科技促进会麻醉与围手术期科技专业委员会委员、广东省中西医结合学会围手术期专业委员会常务委员、广东省精准医学应用学会精准麻醉分会委员、广东省医学会麻醉学分会骨科与创伤外科麻醉学组组员、广东省医学会疼痛学分会肌骨学组组员。目前主持广东省卫健委面上项目1项,完成广东省卫健委面上项目、广东省中医药局面上项目各1项,先后以第一作者或通信作者发表学术论文20余篇,其中SCI 3篇,中文核心12篇,授权实用新型专利7项,完成专著1部,主要研究方向为器官保护、围手术期多模式镇痛。

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李森,硕士研究生,主要从事临床麻醉方面的研究

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张隆盛,医学硕士,主任医师,广东医科大学、汕头大学医学院硕士研究生导师,广东省揭阳市人民医院麻醉科手术室党支部书记,兼任中国人体健康科技促进会麻醉与围手术期科技专业委员会委员、广东省中西医结合学会围手术期专业委员会常务委员、广东省精准医学应用学会精准麻醉分会委员、广东省医学会麻醉学分会骨科与创伤外科麻醉学组组员、广东省医学会疼痛学分会肌骨学组组员。目前主持广东省卫健委面上项目1项,完成广东省卫健委面上项目、广东省中医药局面上项目各1项,先后以第一作者或通信作者发表学术论文20余篇,其中SCI 3篇,中文核心12篇,授权实用新型专利7项,完成专著1部,主要研究方向为器官保护、围手术期多模式镇痛。

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张隆盛,医学硕士,主任医师,广东医科大学、汕头大学医学院硕士研究生导师,广东省揭阳市人民医院麻醉科手术室党支部书记,兼任中国人体健康科技促进会麻醉与围手术期科技专业委员会委员、广东省中西医结合学会围手术期专业委员会常务委员、广东省精准医学应用学会精准麻醉分会委员、广东省医学会麻醉学分会骨科与创伤外科麻醉学组组员、广东省医学会疼痛学分会肌骨学组组员。目前主持广东省卫健委面上项目1项,完成广东省卫健委面上项目、广东省中医药局面上项目各1项,先后以第一作者或通信作者发表学术论文20余篇,其中SCI 3篇,中文核心12篇,授权实用新型专利7项,完成专著1部,主要研究方向为器官保护、围手术期多模式镇痛。

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瑞马唑仑对重要器官的保护作用
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李森 1, 2 , 蓝金辛 1, 2 , 杨铎 2 , 何俊冰 2 , 张隆盛 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 围手术期器官损伤机制及保护策略专题Ⅱ 2024,49(10): 1105-1109
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解放军医学杂志 | 围手术期器官损伤机制及保护策略专题Ⅱ 2024, 49(10): 1105-1109
瑞马唑仑对重要器官的保护作用
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李森1, 2, 蓝金辛1, 2, 杨铎2, 何俊冰2, 张隆盛1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1广东医科大学第一临床医学院,广东湛江 524023
  • 2揭阳市人民医院麻醉科,广东揭阳 522000
  • 李森,硕士研究生,主要从事临床麻醉方面的研究

    张隆盛,医学硕士,主任医师,广东医科大学、汕头大学医学院硕士研究生导师,广东省揭阳市人民医院麻醉科手术室党支部书记,兼任中国人体健康科技促进会麻醉与围手术期科技专业委员会委员、广东省中西医结合学会围手术期专业委员会常务委员、广东省精准医学应用学会精准麻醉分会委员、广东省医学会麻醉学分会骨科与创伤外科麻醉学组组员、广东省医学会疼痛学分会肌骨学组组员。目前主持广东省卫健委面上项目1项,完成广东省卫健委面上项目、广东省中医药局面上项目各1项,先后以第一作者或通信作者发表学术论文20余篇,其中SCI 3篇,中文核心12篇,授权实用新型专利7项,完成专著1部,主要研究方向为器官保护、围手术期多模式镇痛。

通讯作者:

张隆盛,E-mail:
Protective effect of remazolam on important organs
Sen Li1, 2, Jin-Xin Lan1, 2, Duo Yang2, Jun-Bing He2, Long-Sheng Zhang1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1The First Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong 522000, China
出版时间: 2024-10-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0981.2023.1220
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瑞马唑仑是一种γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体激动剂,是近年在国内上市的短效苯二氮䓬类药物,其作用机制是通过增强中枢神经系统中的抑制性神经递质GABA的作用,从而产生镇静和催眠效果,在临床上已经被广泛应用于镇静、催眠、抗焦虑、治疗失眠等方面。同时,瑞马唑仑在围手术期主要应用于全身麻醉诱导和维持,有较快的起效时间和短暂的作用时长。近年来研究表明,瑞马唑仑可通过减轻炎症反应和氧化应激、调节细胞凋亡等途径来保护重要器官和减轻器官损伤。本文总结瑞马唑仑对脑、心、肝、肺等器官的保护作用及其机制,以为瑞马唑仑的临床应用提供理论基础。

瑞马唑仑  /  器官保护  /  器官损伤  /  炎症反应

Remazolam is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist. It is a short-acting benzodiazepine drug that has just been launched in China in recent years. Its mechanism of action is to enhance inhibitory neurotransmitters of GABA in the central nervous system. It has been widely used in clinical practice for sedation, hypnosis, anti anxiety, and the treatment of insomnia. Meanwhile, remazolam is mainly used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia during the perioperative period, with a fast onset time and a brief duration of action. Recent studies have shown that remazolam can protect important organs and alleviate organ damage by reducing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, regulating cell apoptosis, and other pathways. This article summarizes the protective effects and mechanisms of remazolam on the brain, heart, liver, and lung, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of remazolam.

remazolam  /  organ protection  /  organ damage  /  inflammation response
李森, 蓝金辛, 杨铎, 何俊冰, 张隆盛. 瑞马唑仑对重要器官的保护作用. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (10) : 1105 -1109 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0981.2023.1220
Sen Li, Jin-Xin Lan, Duo Yang, Jun-Bing He, Long-Sheng Zhang. Protective effect of remazolam on important organs[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (10) : 1105 -1109 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0981.2023.1220
机体对炎症反应的精准调控是影响细胞稳态的重要因素,炎性介质参与了炎症的发生和发展,导致生物体细胞的结构和功能混乱,从而导致重要器官损伤,不同病因产生的异常炎性介质是导致机体稳态破坏和重要器官损伤的主要原因之一[1]。应用药物改善重要器官的炎症反应,可一定程度减轻重要脏器损伤,减少术后并发症发生,改善患者预后。苯二氮䓬类药物作为γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)受体的变构调节剂,可发挥镇静、催眠、抗焦虑等作用[2],被广泛应用于临床,其中瑞马唑仑是近年上市的超短效的苯二氮䓬类药物。甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑于2019年12月在我国上市,于2022年1月被批准可用于结肠镜检查的麻醉,于2023年1月被批准用于全麻诱导和维持。GABA受体在减轻炎症和调节免疫功能方面起着重要作用,瑞马唑仑作为GABA受体激动剂,可以增强GABA的作用,抑制炎症的发生,起到保护重要器官的作用[3-4]。围手术期器官保护一直是麻醉学领域的热点,本文就瑞马唑仑对脑、心、肝、肺等器官的保护作用及其机制进行总结,以为瑞马唑仑的临床应用提供理论基础。
围手术期神经认知功能障碍(perioperative neurocognitive disorder,PND)作为神经系统常见并发症,在老年患者术后更为常见,影响术后恢复情况和生活质量。POCD的发生与多方面因素有关,其中神经炎症为近年来研究的热点之一[5]。B淋巴细胞瘤/白血病-2(B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2,Bcl-2)蛋白主要作用是调节细胞凋亡,与癌症、自身免疫性疾病和神经退行疾病等密切相关[6]。而一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)可产生一氧化氮,一氧化氮作为人体组织和细胞的自由基,参与神经传递和细胞凋亡等生理过程[7]。有研究发现,瑞马唑仑可增高Bcl-2、NOS蛋白表达水平,抑制大鼠神经细胞凋亡,从而减轻对术后认知功能的影响[8]。瑞马唑仑与右美托咪定减轻老年患者术后早期认知功能障碍的作用相似,可能通过抑制相关炎症反应来发挥作用[9]。然而目前关于瑞马唑仑减轻患者POCD的作用机制尚不明确。
促炎因子和氧化应激都会破坏神经元细胞的稳定性,激活细胞凋亡途径,引发神经元损伤[10-11]。NOD样受体蛋白-3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体作为体内多蛋白复合物,与体内细胞稳态和多种炎症性疾病密切相关,如阿尔茨海默病和癌症等;NLRP3炎症小体的激活可导致白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-β和IL-18的释放增多,与神经细胞的坏死凋亡关系密切[12]。有研究通过建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,发现瑞马唑仑通过作用于NLRP3炎症小体途径,降低IL-1和IL-18相关炎性因子的表达,缓解神经功能障碍,从而减轻皮质神经元损伤[13]
蛛网膜下腔出血作为神经系统常见疾病,其造成的早期脑损伤会导致患者偏瘫、认知功能障碍等,严重者甚至死亡[14-15]。在脑神经保护方面,瑞马唑仑可改善大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血造成的脑损伤,减轻脑水肿和脑部病理变化[16]。在血脑屏障方面,对于脓毒症引起的脑损伤,瑞马唑仑则通过保护血脑屏障,抑制相关炎性介质透过血脑屏障,以及减轻氧化应激从而保护神经元[17]。其中沉默调节蛋白1(recombinant sirtuin 1,Sirt1)在调节细胞周期、细胞凋亡和肿瘤等方面起着重要作用[18]。机体受到刺激时,Sirt1可激活转录因子叉头框蛋白1(forkhead box protein O1,FoxO1),从而影响细胞氧化应激和凋亡过程,导致细胞功能障碍[19]。而瑞马唑仑保护血脑屏障的机制可能与激活Sirt1/FoxO1细胞通路相关[20],从而减轻脑损伤。
瑞马唑仑在脑保护过程中,通过抑制炎性介质作用于相关细胞通路,减轻氧化应激;同时可作用于血脑屏障,减轻神经元的损害,缓解患者围手术期认知功能障碍。瑞马唑仑可能具有一定脑保护作用,可为脑保护的联合用药提供新方向。值得注意的是,瑞马唑仑也可能对机体产生一些不良影响。在小鼠模型中发现,重复剂量使用瑞马唑仑对中枢神经系统有着显著的影响,如引起谷氨酸水平升高,诱导神经元细胞的凋亡和毒性反应,从而导致小鼠记忆功能障碍[21]。瑞马唑仑对神经系统的作用是双刃剑,可能引起神经细胞凋亡,其在脑保护方面的研究仍处于初步阶段,需要更多临床试验加以验证其效果和安全性。因此,在使用该药物时,要注意药物的剂量和使用时间,注意预防不良反应的发生。
诱导后低血压(post-induction hypotension,PIH)作为麻醉诱导后常见并发症,影响术中重要脏器的灌注,与围手术期不良结局密切相关[22]。心脏微循环的稳定在心肌缺血和心脏衰竭病理过程中的作用越来越重要[23]。其中瓣膜性心脏病在世界各国仍然很常见,必要时需要及时手术治疗。然而,瓣膜置换手术患者由于心功能受损,麻醉诱导期血流动力学的稳定性难以维持。瑞马唑仑是一种新型超短效静脉镇静催眠药,可能有利于血流动力学的稳定,间接减轻相关不良反应对心脏的影响[24]
与依托咪酯的对照试验中,小剂量瑞马唑仑诱导麻醉时的血流动力学更加稳定,低血压、高血压、心动过速、心动过缓等不良反应也更少[25]。有研究报道,在1例重度二尖瓣关闭不全合并重度心力衰竭患者心脏手术中使用瑞马唑仑进行麻醉诱导和维持,由于该药对心血管抑制作用小,手术成功后患者顺利从麻醉中苏醒,证实了瑞马唑仑在心血管系统方面的稳定性[26]。研究表明,咪达唑仑在心肌缺血再罐注损伤中可减少心肌凋亡和促进细胞再生等,改善心脏功能,对心脏起到一定保护作用[27]。而瑞马唑仑和咪达唑仑同为苯二氮䓬类镇静催眠药,目前全球范围内仍然未检索到关于瑞马唑仑对心肌细胞具有直接保护作用的公开报道。有文献报道,咪达唑仑或其他苯二氮䓬类药物对缺血再灌注损伤的心肌细胞具有保护作用;其主要机制可能是通过减少大鼠心肌组织高迁移率族蛋白B1的表达和Akt蛋白磷酸化,从而抑制炎症反应[28]。因此推测,瑞马唑仑可能具有一定程度的心肌保护作用,但仍需要进一步研究加以证实。在心律失常方面,心房扑动作为临床常见表现之一,异常的快速心率可引起心悸乏力、晕厥等,严重者发生栓塞现象[29],需要引起重视。研究表明,由于瑞马唑仑在心血管方面的稳定性,相较其他麻醉药,其对心血管系统的抑制作用较轻,可减少心房扑动等心律失常的发生,为心律失常药物的应用提供了更好的选择[30]。瑞马唑仑通过维持血液动力学稳定来减少心脏不良反应的发生,然而,对于瑞马唑仑在心脏保护方面的研究相对较少,尚需深入探索其对心脏电生理和心脏损伤的抗炎机制。未来的研究可能需要开展更多的临床试验,以评估瑞马唑仑在心脏手术和心脏疾病治疗中的潜在作用。因此,仍需要重点关注瑞马唑仑在心脏保护中的应用,并进行深入研究。
肝是人体的重要器官之一,起着代谢、解毒、合成等多种生理功能。肝发生炎症时可激活许多细胞通路,其中p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen activated protein kinases,p38 MAPK)/微管关联调节激酶(microtubule affinity regulating kinase,MARK)通路与血管炎、神经炎和癌症等疾病密切相关,而p38作为炎性介质的重要靶点,在肝损伤时其磷酸化水平上升,表达增加[31]。瑞马唑仑具有一定的抗炎作用,有研究建立脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)大鼠肝损伤模型,通过检测相关转氨酶及肝炎性因子的水平来评估肝损伤程度和炎症情况;肝损伤时,促炎因子、趋化因子等分泌增加,导致肝脏中p38磷酸化水平上升;瑞马唑仑可减轻炎症反应,抑制相关炎性因子的表达,减轻肝氧化应激反应,其机制可能与瑞马唑仑可作用于外周苯二氮䓬类受体有关,从而减轻肝损伤[32]
瑞马唑仑具有起效快、清除率高、半衰期短等特点。即使在全身麻醉诱导和维持时长时间输注,也能迅速清除,不依赖任何器官进行代谢,而是依靠非特异酶进行消除,对肝功能影响不明显[33]。一项研究建立了原代人肝细胞生物反应器培养模型,通过测量培养液中的化学参数,发现在对照试验中,浓度为3000 ng/ml的瑞马唑仑并未对肝细胞的完整性和代谢产生不良影响,一定程度证实了瑞马唑仑在肝保护方面应用的安全性[34]
目前的研究表明,瑞马唑仑可能通过抑制氧化应激和减轻炎症反应来保护肝。然而,目前对于瑞马唑仑的肝保护机制的理解仍不够全面,需要进一步的研究加以明确。此外,目前尚无大规模的临床研究来验证瑞马唑仑的肝保护作用,未来需要进行临床研究以验证其肝保护的效果和安全性。
肺是重要的呼吸器官,负责气体交换。当肺部发生感染并引发炎症反应时,患者可能出现咳嗽、咳痰和呼吸困难等症状,严重情况下可能导致呼吸衰竭甚至死亡。肺部细胞与免疫细胞之间的相互作用以及细胞功能的影响对急性和慢性肺疾病(如慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺纤维化等)的发展至关重要[35]。在早期急性肺损伤中,肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、IL⁃6等炎性因子的释放可导致巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞浸润肺部组织,破坏肺泡血管内皮屏障并损伤肺泡细胞,最终引发细胞凋亡和广泛的肺泡损伤[36-37]。巨噬细胞是免疫细胞,其分化状态影响肺损伤的修复过程。当巨噬细胞分化为M1表型时,会释放炎性介质促进炎症发生;而转化为M2表型时,则参与肺损伤的修复过程[38]。瑞马唑仑可促进巨噬细胞M1表型向M2表型的转化过程,减轻脓毒症引起的早期肺损伤,减少TNF⁃α、IL⁃6等炎性因子的产生,保护肺泡毛细血管[39]。此外,瑞马唑仑在肺损伤中也可发挥镇痛作用,其作用机制是阻断外周神经的递质传递,减轻疼痛介质对外周神经的刺激,提高镇痛效果并抑制炎症反应,从而减轻肺损伤[40]
在纤维支气管镜检査中,由于对气管的刺激性导致分泌物增多和气管出血等并发症,抑制呼吸对肺功能造成了短暂性障碍。而瑞马唑仑可显著减轻纤维支气管镜的刺激作用,抑制应激反应,缓解呼吸抑制和改善患者的肺功能[41]
在保护肺部组织方面,瑞马唑仑可通过抑制炎性介质,减轻应激反应,刺激巨噬细胞转化,以及减少疼痛介质等减轻肺部细胞的坏死和损伤,降低肺部疾病的发生风险,从而更好地保护肺功能。尽管有部分证据表明,瑞马唑仑可能具有一定的肺保护作用,但这些证据仍不足以表明瑞马唑仑在临床上可作为肺部疾病的治疗用药。
瑞马唑仑作为一种新型镇静药,具有镇静、安眠、抗惊厥和肌松等作用,在临床中具有重要的应用价值。瑞马唑仑由于其起效快、消除快、可控性强,所以,呼吸抑制、低血压等不良反应发生率较低[42],能提高患者的舒适感。在全身麻醉和长期机械通气镇静中,瑞马唑仑表现出稳定性和安全性[42]。然而目前关于瑞马唑仑器官保护作用的研究比较有限,目前的研究相对集中在药理学和药物相互作用等方面。近年来,针对瑞马唑仑在重要器官保护作用方面的研究日益增多,但主要集中在动物实验阶段,可进一步探索其在临床中的应用价值,并验证其在人体中的器官保护效果。同时瑞马唑仑的使用剂量和时间窗口的选择还存在争议,未来的研究可探索不同剂量和时间窗口对器官保护作用的影响,以寻找优化的治疗方案。需要注意的是,虽然瑞马唑仑在重要器官保护方面表现出良好的疗效,但仍然存在一些不良反应,主要包括头晕、恶心等轻度不适,以及一定程度的记忆减退等[43]。而氟马西尼作为苯二氮䓬类的拮抗剂,可逆转瑞马唑仑的不良反应[44],发生严重瑞马唑仑不良反应时可尽快拮抗,有较高的使用安全性。尽管瑞马唑仑有较高的安全性,但其相关不良反应在临床应用中仍需要密切关注,因此在使用瑞马唑仑时需要认真评估患者的病情和身体状况,排除药物过敏、精神分裂症和重症肌无力等禁忌证,谨慎选择使用剂量和疗程,并严密监测患者的反应和生命体征。总之,瑞马唑仑可通过抗炎、减轻氧化应激、抑制细胞凋亡和调节细胞通路等途径减轻机体重要器官的损伤,降低多种器官受损的风险,对改善患者预后发挥重要作用。目前瑞马唑仑对重要器官的保护作用研究不断加深,有望进一步揭示其器官保护作用的机制,拓展其在临床中的应用。
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515012413)
  • 广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2022294)
  • 广东省中医药局面上科研项目(20191409)
  • 广东省中医药局面上科研项目(20201463)
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2024年第49卷第10期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0981.2023.1220
  • 接收时间:2023-07-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2024-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-21
  • 录用日期:2023-11-08
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515012413)
广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515012413)
Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation(B2022294)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2022294)
Scientific Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangdong Province(20191409)
广东省中医药局面上科研项目(20191409)
Scientific Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangdong Province(20201463)
广东省中医药局面上科研项目(20201463)
作者信息
    1广东医科大学第一临床医学院,广东湛江 524023
    2揭阳市人民医院麻醉科,广东揭阳 522000

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张隆盛,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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