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Pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) adenomas is a rare pituitary disorder, accounting for less than 2% of pituitary adenomas. The clinical manifestations primarily include mild to moderate symptoms of hyperthyroidism, corresponding symptoms caused by other anterior pituitary hormone secretion disorders, and symptoms resulting from the mass effect of pituitary tumors. Pituitary TSH adenomas need to be differentiated from primary hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) and resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), as misdiagnosis can lead to tumor growth and aggravation of the condition. Currently, with the help of sensitive laboratory tests, imaging examinations, and targeted functional tests, pituitary TSH adenomas can be diagnosed relatively accurately. The preferred treatment is surgical resection. In cases where surgery is not feasible or unsuccessful, radiotherapy or medical therapy can be considered. Long-acting somatostatin analogs can effectively reduce tumor volume and decrease TSH secretion, thereby normalizing free 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (FT3). Early identification and effective treatment are significant for patients with pituitary TSH adenomas. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathological characteristics, screening objects, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, diagnosis and treatment, follow-up and evaluation of pituitary TSH adenoma, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
, correspAuthors=Lin-Lang Liang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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垂体促甲状腺激素(TSH)腺瘤是一种罕见的垂体疾病,在垂体腺瘤中占比不足2%;临床表现主要为轻中度的甲状腺功能亢进症状、其他垂体前叶激素分泌障碍以及垂体肿瘤占位效应引起的相应症状。垂体TSH腺瘤需与原发性甲亢(Graves病)、甲状腺激素抵抗综合征(RTH)相鉴别,误诊可导致肿瘤增长,加重病情。目前,借助于灵敏的实验室检查、影像学检查及针对性的功能试验,可较为准确地诊断垂体TSH腺瘤,其治疗首选手术切除,在无法手术或手术失败等情况下,可选择放射治疗或药物治疗。长效生长抑素类似物可有效缩小肿瘤体积,并减少TSH的分泌,从而使游离甲状腺素(FT4)和游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)水平恢复正常。早期识别并给予有效治疗对垂体TSH腺瘤患者意义重大。本文从垂体TSH腺瘤的流行病学、病理学特点、筛查对象、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断及治疗、随访与评估等方面进行阐述,旨在为垂体TSH腺瘤的临床诊治提供指导。
, correspAuthors=梁琳琅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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于浩,医学博士,副主任医师,副教授,硕士研究生导师;北部战区总医院内分泌科主任,兼任辽宁省医学会内分泌专业委员会常委,解放军内分泌专业青年委员会委员,辽宁省医学会中西医结合内分泌专业委员会委员,沈阳市医师协会内分泌专业协会副会长。主要科研方向为TRPs通道对高血压及糖脂代谢的影响。在SCI收录期刊及核心期刊发表论文30余篇,获实用新型专利5项,参编论著5部;主持辽宁省自然科学基金项目2项,军队课题1项。曾赴“汶川抗震”“援鄂火神山医院”执行任务,荣立三等功1次。
梁琳琅,主任医师,教授,硕士研究生导师;北部战区总医院内分泌科前主任,兼任中国医师协会内分泌代谢科医师分会委员、中国老年保健医学研究会老年内分泌与代谢病分会副主任委员及老年骨质疏松分会常委、全军医学会内分泌专业委员会常委、辽宁省医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会前任主任委员及糖尿病学会常委、沈阳医学会内分泌学分会主任委员,《中国实用内科杂志》《临床军医杂志》等学术期刊编委;主持国家、军队、省级课题8项,在SCI收录期刊及核心期刊发表论文70余篇,荣获军队医疗成果奖5项,荣立三等功2次,荣获“辽宁名医”称号。
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于浩,医学博士,副主任医师,副教授,硕士研究生导师;北部战区总医院内分泌科主任,兼任辽宁省医学会内分泌专业委员会常委,解放军内分泌专业青年委员会委员,辽宁省医学会中西医结合内分泌专业委员会委员,沈阳市医师协会内分泌专业协会副会长。主要科研方向为TRPs通道对高血压及糖脂代谢的影响。在SCI收录期刊及核心期刊发表论文30余篇,获实用新型专利5项,参编论著5部;主持辽宁省自然科学基金项目2项,军队课题1项。曾赴“汶川抗震”“援鄂火神山医院”执行任务,荣立三等功1次。
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于浩,医学博士,副主任医师,副教授,硕士研究生导师;北部战区总医院内分泌科主任,兼任辽宁省医学会内分泌专业委员会常委,解放军内分泌专业青年委员会委员,辽宁省医学会中西医结合内分泌专业委员会委员,沈阳市医师协会内分泌专业协会副会长。主要科研方向为TRPs通道对高血压及糖脂代谢的影响。在SCI收录期刊及核心期刊发表论文30余篇,获实用新型专利5项,参编论著5部;主持辽宁省自然科学基金项目2项,军队课题1项。曾赴“汶川抗震”“援鄂火神山医院”执行任务,荣立三等功1次。
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梁琳琅,主任医师,教授,硕士研究生导师;北部战区总医院内分泌科前主任,兼任中国医师协会内分泌代谢科医师分会委员、中国老年保健医学研究会老年内分泌与代谢病分会副主任委员及老年骨质疏松分会常委、全军医学会内分泌专业委员会常委、辽宁省医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会前任主任委员及糖尿病学会常委、沈阳医学会内分泌学分会主任委员,《中国实用内科杂志》《临床军医杂志》等学术期刊编委;主持国家、军队、省级课题8项,在SCI收录期刊及核心期刊发表论文70余篇,荣获军队医疗成果奖5项,荣立三等功2次,荣获“辽宁名医”称号。
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梁琳琅,主任医师,教授,硕士研究生导师;北部战区总医院内分泌科前主任,兼任中国医师协会内分泌代谢科医师分会委员、中国老年保健医学研究会老年内分泌与代谢病分会副主任委员及老年骨质疏松分会常委、全军医学会内分泌专业委员会常委、辽宁省医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会前任主任委员及糖尿病学会常委、沈阳医学会内分泌学分会主任委员,《中国实用内科杂志》《临床军医杂志》等学术期刊编委;主持国家、军队、省级课题8项,在SCI收录期刊及核心期刊发表论文70余篇,荣获军队医疗成果奖5项,荣立三等功2次,荣获“辽宁名医”称号。
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82(6): 1224-1231., articleTitle=Active and silent thyroid-stimulating hormone-expressing pituitary adenomas: presenting symptoms, treatment, outcomes, and recurrence, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198318986510299941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, awardId=2022-MS-048, language=EN, fundingSource=Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program(2022-MS-048), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198318986585797416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, awardId=2022-MS-048, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省科技计划项目(2022-MS-048), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198318982131446352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198318982148223570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, companyId=1198318982131446352, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198318982177583699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, companyId=1198318982131446352, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北部战区总医院内分泌科,辽宁沈阳 110016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198318985973429004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Flow chart of treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up for patients with pituitary TSH adenoma, figureFileSmall=uo5Kc4s+Hdr7+mmWtBcD+A==, figureFileBig=wmTau1I9+aQNRlkUfV2p6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318986048926480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
垂体TSH腺瘤患者治疗、疗效评估、随访的流程图T4. 甲状腺素;T3. 三碘甲腺原氨酸;TSH. 促甲状腺激素;TRH. 促甲状腺素释放激素;MRI. 磁共振成像;PTU. 丙基硫氧嘧啶
, figureFileSmall=uo5Kc4s+Hdr7+mmWtBcD+A==, figureFileBig=wmTau1I9+aQNRlkUfV2p6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318986187338516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Identification of TSH adenoma, Graves' disease and RTH
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征 | TSH腺瘤 | Graves病 | RTH |
|---|
| 发病率 | 较罕见 | 常见 | 稀有 |
| 发病原因 | 腺瘤导致TH分泌增多 | 自身免疫引起甲状腺功能亢进 | 垂体或外周组织对TH抵抗 |
| 临床表现 | 垂体大腺瘤占位效应,可能合并高PRL、高GH、高FSH的相关症状 | 甲亢相关症状、甲状腺肿大,眼球突出 | 甲亢相关症状或甲减相关症状 |
| 甲状腺功能 | TSH水平升高,TH水平升高 | TSH水平降低,TH水平升高 | TSH水平正常/升高,TH水平升高 |
| 抗体水平 | 甲状腺抗体阴性 | 常伴有甲状腺抗体阳性 | 甲状腺抗体阴性 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198318986300584728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200261576589787, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
TSH腺瘤、Graves病及RTH的鉴别要点
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 特征 | TSH腺瘤 | Graves病 | RTH |
|---|
| 发病率 | 较罕见 | 常见 | 稀有 |
| 发病原因 | 腺瘤导致TH分泌增多 | 自身免疫引起甲状腺功能亢进 | 垂体或外周组织对TH抵抗 |
| 临床表现 | 垂体大腺瘤占位效应,可能合并高PRL、高GH、高FSH的相关症状 | 甲亢相关症状、甲状腺肿大,眼球突出 | 甲亢相关症状或甲减相关症状 |
| 甲状腺功能 | TSH水平升高,TH水平升高 | TSH水平降低,TH水平升高 | TSH水平正常/升高,TH水平升高 |
| 抗体水平 | 甲状腺抗体阴性 | 常伴有甲状腺抗体阳性 | 甲状腺抗体阴性 |
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