Article(id=1198200258242114058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198200256912519683, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0192.2024.0701, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708272000000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1714233600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-28, onlineDate=1763602803049, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1732723200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763602803049, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763602803049, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763602803049, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198200256912519683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='11', pageStart='1221', pageEnd='1342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763602802732, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603918291, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198204935973204862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198200256912519683, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198204935973204863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198200256912519683, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1319, endPage=1326, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198200258493772301, articleId=1198200258242114058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Synthesis and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-responsive BDNF controlled-release materials, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-responsive hyaluronic acid (HA)-based controlled-release material for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intervention and repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods HA was modified with amination, followed by condensation with Suflo-SMCC carboxyl group to form amide, and then linked with glutathione (GSH) to synthesize HA-GSH. The recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST)-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-BDNF (GST-TIMP-BDNF) expression plasmid was constructed using molecular cloning technique with double enzyme digestion by BamH Ⅰ and EcoR Ⅰ. The recombinant GST-TIMP-BDNF protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, and purified by ion exchange chromatography, confirmed by Western blotting. MMP diluents were supplemented with PBS, MMP inhibitor marimastat, and varing concentrations (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/ml) of GST-TIMP-BDNF or GST-BDNF. MMP-2 activity was analyzed using an MMP activity detection kit to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the recombinant protein on MMP. Primary rat neurons were extracted and cultured to establish an iron death model induced by RSL3. The effect of recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF on neuronal injury was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results MRI hydrogen spectrum identification confirmed the successful synthesis of HA-GSH. Western blotting results showed the successful expression of the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF containing the GST tag using the E. coli prokaryotic expression system. MMP activity detection results indicated that the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF had a superior inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activity compared to GST-BDNF (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining results showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity in rat neurons treated with GST-TIMP-BDNF after RSL3 induction (P<0.05). Conclusion A MMP-responsive HA-based BDNF controlled-release material has been successfully developed, exhibiting a protective effect on neuron damage.

, correspAuthors=Xi-Qin Yang, Jian-Ning Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Zhang Jian-Ning, E-mail:
Yang Xi-Qin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-Ru Hei, Cui Wang, Meng-Wen Song, Sheng-Qiang Xie, Bing-Xian Wang, Xiao-Juan Lan, Han-Bo Zhang, Gang Cheng, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Xi-Qin Yang, Jian-Ning Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198200430896443429, articleId=1198200258242114058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=CN, title=基质金属蛋白酶响应性脑源性神经营养因子控释材料的合成与表征分析, columnId=1190310110472798614, journalTitle=解放军医学杂志, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研制以透明质酸(HA)为基质的基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)响应性脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)控释材料,以期为创伤性脑损伤(TBI)的干预及损伤修复提供新的治疗方案。方法 HA经过氨基化处理后,与Sulfo-SMCC羧基缩合成酰胺,再与谷胱甘肽(GSH)连接,合成HA-GSH;通过分子克隆技术经BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ双酶切,DNA测序后构建谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)-金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)-BDNF表达质粒,在大肠埃希菌原核表达系统中诱导表达GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白,采用离子交换层析分离纯化,Western blotting验证纯化后的重组蛋白;在MMP稀释液中分别加入PBS、MMP抑制剂Marimastat和不同浓度(0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/ml)的GST-TIMP-BDNF或GST-BDNF,采用MMP活性检测试剂盒检测不同组别MMP-2的活性,评价该重组蛋白对MMP的抑制作用。提取大鼠原代神经元,培养后建立谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4抑制剂(RSL3)诱导神经元铁死亡模型,采用免疫荧光染色检测GST-TIMP-BDNF对神经元损伤的影响。结果 MRI氢谱鉴定结果显示,成功合成了HA-GSH;Western blotting检测结果显示,利用大肠埃希菌原核表达系统成功表达了含GST标签的重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF;MMP活性检测结果显示,重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF对MMP-2活性的抑制作用优于GST-BDNF(P<0.05);免疫荧光染色结果显示,RSL3处理后加入重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF的大鼠神经元荧光强度明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 成功研制了一种MMP响应性HA基体BDNF控释材料,对神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用。

, correspAuthors=杨锡琴, 张剑宁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张剑宁,E-mail:
杨锡琴,E-mail:
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黑俊如,硕士研究生,主要从事创伤性脑损伤方面的研究

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黑俊如,硕士研究生,主要从事创伤性脑损伤方面的研究

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黑俊如,硕士研究生,主要从事创伤性脑损伤方面的研究

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HA. 透明质酸;GSH. 谷胱甘肽;A. HA-GSH合成原理图;B. HA的磁共振氢谱;C. HA-NH2的磁共振氢谱;D. HA-GSH的磁共振氢谱

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GST. 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶;TIMP. 金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂;BDNF. 脑源性神经营养因子;M1. DNA Marker;M2. 蛋白Marker;A. human-BDNF质粒构建图谱;B. TIMP-BDNF基因片段PCR扩增产物电泳图;C. TIMP-BDNF基因片段回收电泳图;D. TIMP-BDNF重组基因单克隆菌落PCR电泳图;E. TIMP-BDNF重组质粒电泳图;F. TIMP-BDNF重组质粒测序结果;G. TIMP-BDNF质粒图谱;H. GST-TIMP目的基因片段回收电泳图;I. GST-TIMP-BDNF重组质粒电泳图;J. 菌液超声裂解后的上清和细菌包涵体经考马斯亮蓝染色;K. 重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF分离纯化后经考马斯亮蓝染色;1. 纯化前;2. Q柱穿过后;a. 0.05 mol/L NaCl洗脱;b. 0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱;c. 0.15 mol/L NaCl洗脱;d. 0.2 mol/L NaCl洗脱);L. GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白的Western blotting检测

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GST. 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶;TIMP. 金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂;BDNF. 脑源性神经营养因子;MMP-2. 基质金属蛋白酶-2;*P<0.05;**P<0.001,***P<0.0001

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GST. 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶;TIMP. 金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂;BDNF. 脑源性神经营养因子;Tuj1. β-微管蛋白Ⅲ;DAPI. 4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚;RSL3. 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4抑制剂;GTB. GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白;A. SD大鼠原代神经元免疫荧光染色;B. Tuj1荧光定量;*P<0.05,**P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=EUEYHHTMnjMqznw0W6vdmw==, figureFileBig=God9uA9SeLIjMrrUr3UwgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318990960459864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200258242114058, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Process of MMP responsive hyaluronic-based BDNF functional material synthesis, figureFileSmall=2dUCrhOJAT/7OmcFfH6f8g==, figureFileBig=6nt86heyqT+hlX2Dc0nLsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318991052734553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200258242114058, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MMP响应性透明质酸基BDNF功能材料合成过程, figureFileSmall=2dUCrhOJAT/7OmcFfH6f8g==, figureFileBig=6nt86heyqT+hlX2Dc0nLsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318991149203549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200258242114058, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Specific reagent information of MMP activity detection kit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分贮藏条件数量
成分A: MMP绿色底物低温贮藏(-15 ℃)1瓶(60 μl)
成分B: 4-氨基苯亚汞醋酸酯(APMA)低温贮藏(-15 ℃)

1瓶(20 μl,

1 mol/L)

成分C: 测定缓冲液低温贮藏(-15 ℃)1瓶(20ml)
), ArticleFig(id=1198318991245672545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198200258242114058, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MMP活性检测试剂盒的试剂信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分贮藏条件数量
成分A: MMP绿色底物低温贮藏(-15 ℃)1瓶(60 μl)
成分B: 4-氨基苯亚汞醋酸酯(APMA)低温贮藏(-15 ℃)

1瓶(20 μl,

1 mol/L)

成分C: 测定缓冲液低温贮藏(-15 ℃)1瓶(20ml)
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基质金属蛋白酶响应性脑源性神经营养因子控释材料的合成与表征分析
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黑俊如 1, 2 , 王翠 3 , 宋梦文 3 , 谢胜强 1, 2 , 王秉贤 1, 2 , 兰晓娟 4 , 张涵博 1, 2 , 程岗 2 , 刘志强 3 , 杨锡琴 3, * , 张剑宁 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(11): 1319-1326
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(11): 1319-1326
基质金属蛋白酶响应性脑源性神经营养因子控释材料的合成与表征分析
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黑俊如1, 2, 王翠3, 宋梦文3, 谢胜强1, 2, 王秉贤1, 2, 兰晓娟4, 张涵博1, 2, 程岗2, 刘志强3, 杨锡琴3, * , 张剑宁2, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军医学院,北京 100853
  • 2解放军总医院第一医学中心神经外科医学部,北京 100853
  • 3军事科学院军事医学研究院军事认知与脑科学研究所,北京 100850
  • 4解放军总医院第六医学中心神经外科,北京 100048
  • 黑俊如,硕士研究生,主要从事创伤性脑损伤方面的研究

通讯作者:

张剑宁,E-mail:
杨锡琴,E-mail:
Synthesis and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-responsive BDNF controlled-release materials
Jun-Ru Hei1, 2, Cui Wang3, Meng-Wen Song3, Sheng-Qiang Xie1, 2, Bing-Xian Wang1, 2, Xiao-Juan Lan4, Han-Bo Zhang1, 2, Gang Cheng2, Zhi-Qiang Liu3, Xi-Qin Yang3, * , Jian-Ning Zhang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 3Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
  • 4Department of Neurosurgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2024-11-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0192.2024.0701
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目的 研制以透明质酸(HA)为基质的基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)响应性脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)控释材料,以期为创伤性脑损伤(TBI)的干预及损伤修复提供新的治疗方案。方法 HA经过氨基化处理后,与Sulfo-SMCC羧基缩合成酰胺,再与谷胱甘肽(GSH)连接,合成HA-GSH;通过分子克隆技术经BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ双酶切,DNA测序后构建谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)-金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)-BDNF表达质粒,在大肠埃希菌原核表达系统中诱导表达GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白,采用离子交换层析分离纯化,Western blotting验证纯化后的重组蛋白;在MMP稀释液中分别加入PBS、MMP抑制剂Marimastat和不同浓度(0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/ml)的GST-TIMP-BDNF或GST-BDNF,采用MMP活性检测试剂盒检测不同组别MMP-2的活性,评价该重组蛋白对MMP的抑制作用。提取大鼠原代神经元,培养后建立谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4抑制剂(RSL3)诱导神经元铁死亡模型,采用免疫荧光染色检测GST-TIMP-BDNF对神经元损伤的影响。结果 MRI氢谱鉴定结果显示,成功合成了HA-GSH;Western blotting检测结果显示,利用大肠埃希菌原核表达系统成功表达了含GST标签的重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF;MMP活性检测结果显示,重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF对MMP-2活性的抑制作用优于GST-BDNF(P<0.05);免疫荧光染色结果显示,RSL3处理后加入重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF的大鼠神经元荧光强度明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 成功研制了一种MMP响应性HA基体BDNF控释材料,对神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用。

透明质酸  /  基质金属蛋白酶  /  脑源性神经营养因子  /  创伤性脑损伤  /  控释

Objective To develop a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-responsive hyaluronic acid (HA)-based controlled-release material for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intervention and repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods HA was modified with amination, followed by condensation with Suflo-SMCC carboxyl group to form amide, and then linked with glutathione (GSH) to synthesize HA-GSH. The recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST)-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-BDNF (GST-TIMP-BDNF) expression plasmid was constructed using molecular cloning technique with double enzyme digestion by BamH Ⅰ and EcoR Ⅰ. The recombinant GST-TIMP-BDNF protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, and purified by ion exchange chromatography, confirmed by Western blotting. MMP diluents were supplemented with PBS, MMP inhibitor marimastat, and varing concentrations (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/ml) of GST-TIMP-BDNF or GST-BDNF. MMP-2 activity was analyzed using an MMP activity detection kit to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the recombinant protein on MMP. Primary rat neurons were extracted and cultured to establish an iron death model induced by RSL3. The effect of recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF on neuronal injury was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results MRI hydrogen spectrum identification confirmed the successful synthesis of HA-GSH. Western blotting results showed the successful expression of the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF containing the GST tag using the E. coli prokaryotic expression system. MMP activity detection results indicated that the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-BDNF had a superior inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activity compared to GST-BDNF (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining results showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity in rat neurons treated with GST-TIMP-BDNF after RSL3 induction (P<0.05). Conclusion A MMP-responsive HA-based BDNF controlled-release material has been successfully developed, exhibiting a protective effect on neuron damage.

hyaluronic acid  /  matrix metalloproteinase  /  brain-derived neurotrophic factor  /  traumatic brain injury  /  controlled release
黑俊如, 王翠, 宋梦文, 谢胜强, 王秉贤, 兰晓娟, 张涵博, 程岗, 刘志强, 杨锡琴, 张剑宁. 基质金属蛋白酶响应性脑源性神经营养因子控释材料的合成与表征分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (11) : 1319 -1326 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0192.2024.0701
Jun-Ru Hei, Cui Wang, Meng-Wen Song, Sheng-Qiang Xie, Bing-Xian Wang, Xiao-Juan Lan, Han-Bo Zhang, Gang Cheng, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Xi-Qin Yang, Jian-Ning Zhang. Synthesis and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-responsive BDNF controlled-release materials[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (11) : 1319 -1326 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0192.2024.0701
创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)在青少年人群中发病率较高。据全球统计数据显示,约20%的35岁以下年轻人死亡与TBI有关[1-4]。目前TBI的临床治疗缺少有效的药物或修复材料[5],且大部分患者伴有长期的精神与认知功能损伤,严重影响其工作与生活[6-7]。因此,开发可减轻TBI或促进脑损伤修复的新型材料与药物具有重要意义。透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)是细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)中的一种天然多糖成分,在维持组织结构、调节细胞行为及多种生理病理过程中发挥重要作用[8-10]。研究显示,HA可对受损大脑中的神经干细胞发挥调控作用,包括神经干细胞/祖细胞的增殖、迁移和分化等,但天然的HA生物活性较为有限[11]。本研究采用生物与化学修饰的方法改进HA基体材料,以提升其抑制TBI后神经损伤或促进神经修复的潜能,并针对TBI后基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)高表达的微环境,研发具有抗铁死亡、协同MMP响应释放脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)的HA基体新材料,以改善其对TBI微环境的适应性,提升脑损伤修复效果,以期为TBI的干预及治疗提供候选功能材料。
HA(北京华熙生物科技股份有限公司);乙二胺(中国国药集团);4-二甲氨基吡啶(DAMP)、3-二甲氨基丙基-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)(上海安耐吉化学有限公司);pMD18-T和pGEX-4T-2质粒载体(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯钠盐(Sulfo-SMCC)、T4 DNA连接酶,限制性内切酶BamH I和 EcoR I(德国Merck公司);大肠杆菌(E. coli)BL21(DE3)和E. coli DH5α(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司);谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)/BDNF兔单克隆抗体(英国Abcam公司);ECL化学发光试剂(美国PerkinElmer公司);蛋白分子量标准(蛋白marker)、DNA分子量标准(DNA marker)(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司);考马斯亮蓝快速染色液、BCA蛋白含量检测试剂(北京碧云天生物技术公司);MMP活性检测试剂盒(美国AAT Bioquest公司);MMP抑制剂Marimastat、MMP-2(美国MCE公司)。SPARK 10M多功能酶标仪(瑞士TECAN公司)。
(1)HA的氨基化(HA-NH2)。首先配制1 mol/L HCl和1 mol/L NaOH溶液。1 mol/L HCl:准确称取12 mol/L的浓HCl 8.4 ml,倒入烧杯,量取60 ml蒸馏水加入烧杯中,搅拌溶解,放置冷却至室温后,转移到100 ml容量瓶中,10 ml蒸馏水冲洗烧杯,并转移到容量瓶中,冲洗3次,最后加蒸馏水定容到100 ml;1 mol/L NaOH:准确称取NaOH 4 g,倒入烧杯,量取60 ml蒸馏水加入烧杯中,搅拌溶解,放置冷却至室温后,转移到100 ml容量瓶中,10 ml蒸馏水冲洗烧杯,一并转移到容量瓶中,冲洗3次,最后加蒸馏水定容到100 ml。准确称取500 mg HA,加入100 ml蒸馏水,磁力搅拌器搅拌至溶解,配制成5 mg/ml的HA溶液,加HA(以重复单元计算)的摩尔量30倍的乙二胺溶至HA溶液中,再加入5 mg DAMP混合均匀促进反应的进行。向反应液中滴加1 mol/L HCl溶液,调节pH至5.0。然后分别加入HA(重复单元)的摩尔量50倍的EDC和NHS,充分溶解后用1 mol/L HCl调节pH至5.0。在磁力搅拌器上室温反应48 h,反应期间始终维持pH在5.0左右。反应结束后,用1 mol/L NaOH调节pH至7.0,终止反应。然后用透析袋透析,先用30%乙醇透析24 h,然后1% NaCl溶液透析24 h,最后蒸馏水透析24 h。透析结束后,离心去除沉淀,冷冻干燥备用(-20 ℃保持72 h,20 ℃保持4 h)。
(2)与Sulfo-SMCC羧基缩合成酰胺。用1 ml蒸馏水溶解2.5 mg Sulfo-SMCC,并将其加入含有5 mmol/L EDTA的PBS中(VPBS=9 ml)。将配制好的Sulfo-SMCC溶液加入同体积的HA-NH2中(V=10 ml),4 ℃下孵育2 h。随后,将混合物在PBS中透析24 h,且每8 h更换一次PBS,共更换3次。
(3)接入GSH。向混合物中加入相同体积含有26 mg GSH的PBS溶液,4 ℃下孵育2 h,并将其在PBS溶液中透析24 h,每8 h更换一次PBS;透析后,离心去除沉淀,冷冻干燥备用。
(1)引物设计。根据NCBI上TIMP-BDNF基因序列,采用Primer 5软件设计TIMP-BDNF基因的引物:上游5'-GCGGATCCCCGCTGGGCTTGGCGGGTATGACCATCCTTTCCTT-3';下游5'-GCGAATTCTCTTCCCCTTTTAATGGT-3'。
(2)TIMP-BDNF重组基因的扩增与回收。以human-BDNF质粒DNA为模板进行PCR反应扩增,反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,共30个循环;最后72 ℃延伸10 min。采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析扩增产物,紫外灯下观察结果;对PCR产物进行回收,获得重组目的基因片段。
(3)TIMP-BDNF重组质粒的构建。重组目的基因片段,与载体pMD18-T在T4 DNA连接酶的作用下连接入载体,获得重组体,将其连接产物转化感受态细胞DH5α,挑取单克隆菌落进行PCR鉴定,然后挑选阳性菌落,小量抽提质粒并进行DNA测序,获得含有目的基因的重组质粒。
(4)GST-TIMP-BDNF表达质粒的构建。重组TIMP-BDNF质粒经BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ双酶切,将插入到pMD18-T载体中的目的片段切出,回收目的基因片段;与同样经BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ双酶切的pGEX-4T-2表达载体连接,转化感受态细胞DH5α,挑取单克隆菌落,小量抽提质粒,获得重组GST-TIMP-BDNF表达质粒并进行DNA测序。
(5)GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白的诱导表达与纯化。将BL21(DE3)感受态细胞从-80 ℃下取出,迅速置于冰上融化,取1 μl重组GST-TIMP-BDNF表达质粒加入100 μl BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,轻弹管壁混匀(避免用枪吹打),冰上静置30 min,然后放入42 ℃水浴中热激90 s,再迅速置于冰上静置2 min,加入1 ml LB培养基,混匀后置于摇床(37 ℃,200 r/min)中复苏1 h,然后5000 r/min离心3 min,弃上清,用LB培养基重悬后均匀涂布在含氨苄西林(AMP)的LB固体培养基平板上,倒置37 ℃培养12~16 h,挑取单克隆菌落接种于含AMP的LB固体培养基平板上,混匀后置于摇床(37 ℃,220 r/min)培养至对数生长期,加入含AMP的Magic MediaTM 大肠杆菌表达培养基,混匀后置于摇床(4 ℃,220 r/min),诱导表达24 h后,离心收集菌体,超声破碎,离心收集裂解液上清和沉淀,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定蛋白表达;采用离子交换层析分离纯化蛋白。
(6)重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF的鉴定。上述纯化蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳后,低温下用湿转法转移到NC膜上,5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,TBST洗涤3次×5 min,然后加入抗BDNF抗体(1:1000)和抗GST抗体(1:1000)4 ℃摇床孵育过夜,TBST洗涤3次×5 min;加入HRP标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG(1:5000)和山羊抗兔IgG(1:5000)二抗,室温孵育1 h,TBST洗涤3次×5 min,用高灵敏度ECL化学发光试剂在暗室中显影,根据蛋白条带深浅调整曝光时间。
按照下列分组,采用MMP活性检测试剂盒(表1)检测混合上清液中MMP-2的活性,评价GST-TIMP-BDNF对MMP-2的抑制作用。(1)底物对照组,缓冲液;(2)溶剂对照组,MMP稀释液+溶解BDNF的溶剂;(3)抑制物对照组,MMP稀释液+BDNF抑制剂;(4)实验组,MMP稀释液+0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/ml GST-TIMP-BDNF或GST-TIMP-BDNF。
为了激活pro-MMP-2,首先用测定缓冲液(成分C)稀释1 mol/L APMA(1:500)得到2 mmol/L APMA工作溶液(2×),再将MMP-2与等体积的2 mmol/L APMA工作液(2×)孵育1 h;孵育结束后将等量的MMP-2(35 nmol/L)和不同浓度梯度(0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/ml)的GST-TIMP-BDNF用测定缓冲液(成分C)溶解至50 μl,然后加入50 μl MMP底物工作液(成分A),将混合物在室温下避光孵育30 min至1 h。用酶标仪在490 nm激发波长和525 nm发射波长下检测每个样品终点的荧光强度,输出以相对荧光单位(RFU)表示。
取E16.5 SD大鼠1只,腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后用75%乙醇浸泡消毒约5 min,在超净台(提前紫外照射灭菌)中解剖取出胚胎小鼠浸泡在10 mmol/L的冷冻无菌HEPES溶液中,体视显微镜(提前紫外照射灭菌)下去除皮质以外的大脑组织,剥离皮质血管膜,用10 mmol/L的冷冻无菌HEPES溶液洗3次皮质组织,机械剪碎组织,向剪碎的组织中加入0.125%胰酶消化液,置于37 ℃培养箱消化15 min;用等消化液体积的含FBS培养基终止消化,加入0.1 mg/ml DNase I,轻柔吹打未消化充分的脑组织,至完全形成单细胞悬液后,过70 μm细胞筛,1000 r/min离心5 min,弃上清,用DMEM培养基(DMEM basic+20% FBS+1% Penicillin-Streptomycin)重悬细胞,轻柔吹打混匀后接种至PDL包被过的48孔板中,“十字手摇”法混匀细胞,置入37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱培养;培养4~6 h待细胞完全贴壁后弃去培养基,更换为Neurobasal完全培养基(Neurobasal+2% B27+1% GlutaMAXTM+1% Penicillin-Streptomycin),在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养,每3 d半量更换Neurobasal完全培养基,小心轻放。
原代神经元细胞培养5~7 d,去除原有培养基,用冷冻PBS清洗3次,然后分为以下4组进行不同的干预:(1)对照组,Neurobasal完全培养基;(2)RSL3组,Neurobasal完全培养基+1 mmol/L RSL3;(3)GTB(10 ng/ml)组,Neurobasal完全培养基+1 mmol/L RSL3+10 ng/ml GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白;(4)GTB(50 ng/ml)组,Neurobasal完全培养基+1 mmol/L RSL3+50 ng/ml GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白。
继续培养12 h后弃培养基,用冷冻PBS清洗3次×5 min;4%多聚甲醛溶液固定30 min后,PBS清洗3次×5 min;加入0.3% Triton X-100室温10 min;加入5% BSA室温封闭1 h,然后加入一抗Tuj1(1:500)4 ℃孵育过夜,PBS洗3次×5 min;加入荧光二抗(1:500),室温避光孵育1 h,PBS洗3次×5 min;加入Hoechst室温避光孵育15 min,PBS洗3次×5 min,吸出多余液体,加入抗荧光淬灭剂,在激光共聚焦显微镜下拍照。采用ImageJ软件对图像进行分析处理。
采用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计分析及作图。计量资料均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
使用乙二胺对HA的羧基进行氨基化修饰,形成HA-NH2,并接入中间体Suflo-SMCC,随后GSH与中间体连接形成HA-GSH。对氨基修饰的HA及HA-GSH进行磁共振氢谱分析,结果显示,与未修饰的HA比较,在化学位移2.75、3.00处有二乙基特征峰出现并成正比,提示乙二胺成功接入HA中;而经GSH修饰后,二乙基的化学位移发生变化,提示GSH引入成功(图1A-D)。
TIMP-BDNF基因经PCR扩增后,产物行0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,得到约756 bp的TIMP-BDNF目的基因片段;对目的基因片段进行产物回收及鉴定,然后与载体pMD18-T连接,转化感受态细胞DH5α,挑选单克隆阳性菌落小量抽提质粒,获得含有目的基因的重组质粒,并进行DNA测序(图2A-G)。将重组TIMP-BDNF质粒经BamH I和EcoR I双酶切后再次回收目的基因片段,与pGEX-4T-2表达载体连接后获得重组GST-TIMP-BDNF表达质粒。将重组GST-TIMP-BDNF表达质粒转入Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,利用大肠埃希菌原核表达系统诱导重组蛋白表达,表达产物经超声裂解后得到培养上清和细菌包涵体,行SDS-PAGE电泳并通过考马斯亮蓝染色鉴定表达情况,结果显示,预期分子量蛋白在包涵体的表达量高于上清,故选择对包涵体的蛋白进行离子交换层析分离纯化,经不同浓度NaCl洗脱液少量多次洗脱,收集洗脱液进行SDS-PAGE电泳,通过Q柱纯化的重组蛋白表达纯度最高。利用Western blotting鉴定上述纯化蛋白中GST和BDNF蛋白的特异性表达情况,结果显示,成功诱导表达并纯化了GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白(图2H-L)。
MMP-2活性检测结果显示,溶剂对照组MMP-2活性明显高于底物对照组和抑制物对照组(P<0.0001)。0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/ml GST-TIMP-BDNF组的MMP-2活性均明显低于同一浓度的GST-BDNF组(P<0.05)(图3)。
免疫荧光染色结果显示,给予GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白的GTB(10 ng/ml)组和GTB(50 ng/ml)组神经元荧光强度均高于RSL3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01,图4)。
TBI发生后,其病理事件包括急性损伤与慢性发展两个主要过程[12]。过去数十年里,研究人员在TBI的病理机制与干预方法等基础研究领域开展了大量工作,逐步揭示了在TBI病理进展中发挥重要作用的影响因素,包括神经炎症[13-16]、活性氧、兴奋性氨基酸毒性等,并据此发展了一系列治疗手段,包括抗炎治疗[17]、抗氧化治疗[18-19]、基因干预及干细胞疗法等[20-21],此外还发现了多个潜在的TBI干预靶点,为TBI救治方法的发展提供了重要基础。过去30年中,有超过50种TBI候选药物被提出或进入临床试验[22],但这些药物开发的进展有限,目前尚无有效的TBI救治药物获准上市。因此,进一步挖掘更为关键的损伤机制与干预靶点,发展新的疗法,是TBI救治研究的主要方向。
本课题组的前期研究显示,ECM中的HA可通过CD44受体抑制神经铁死亡,调控急性脑损伤[11]。然而,天然HA的生物活性较为有限。在TBI损伤微环境中HA可降解为具有生物活性的小片段,调节免疫反应并促进血管生成,对神经免疫反应产生积极影响[23-24]。因此,针对TBI后的病理微环境特征,通过生物或化学修饰改进HA基体材料,提升其抑制神经损伤或促进神经修复的效能,可能是未来研发TBI修复材料的重要途径。
MMP是一类在ECM降解中发挥关键作用的酶,在TBI的发病机制中扮演着重要角色(尤其是MMP-2和MMP-9)[25]。TBI后,免疫细胞和星形胶质细胞的活化导致MMP表达迅速上调,可引起ECM过度降解,进而造成脑组织中的蛋白大量降解,加重继发性脑损伤。有研究发现,抑制MMP-2和MMP-9的活性可减轻神经元损伤[26-28]。BDNF在中枢神经系统发育和神经元可塑性中起着重要作用,对TBI后神经元的存活、再生、突触重建及功能恢复也具有重要影响[29-32]
本研究针对TBI后病理发展过程中MMP显著上调的特征,研制了MMP响应性控释神经修复因子BDNF的HA基体材料。首先将MMP敏感的肽段TIMP与BDNF功能序列连接,然后与GST标签融合表达,制备出GST-TIMP-BDNF融合蛋白,并使用GSH基团修饰透明质酸基体材料,获得GSH修饰的透明质酸基材料(HA-GSH),随后通过GSH与GST的亲和作用合成HA-GSH-GST-TIMP-BDNF功能材料(图5)。
本研究合成了GSH修饰的HA基材料,并利用大肠埃希菌原核表达系统构建了GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白,纯化得到了GST标签的重组蛋白。重组GST-TIMP-BDNF中含有TIMP(一种MMP底物肽),有望作为一种竞争性的MMP底物抑制剂,抑制TBI后ECM的降解。本研究结果显示,重组蛋白GST-TIMP-BDNF可明显抑制MMP-2的活性。采用RSL3诱导的铁死亡损伤模型验证GST-TIMP-BDNF对TBI后神经损伤的保护作用,结果显示,GST-TIMP-BDNF重组蛋白对大鼠神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用,可促进神经元轴突生长。在分子结构上,GST-TIMP-BDNF为HA-Linker-GDNF结构,其中HA能够通过受体CD44靶向TBI损伤区运输药物,同时发挥HA的急性神经保护作用;Linker为MMP敏感多肽,与BDNF连接形成前药,通过HA结合到损伤区后在MMP的作用下断裂释放活性BDNF,发挥持续的神经损伤修复作用。因而,此功能材料可发挥HA和BDNF治疗TBI的双重功效,同时适应不同程度TBI神经保护的需求,改善TBI的预后。
本研究针对TBI后MMP的过度表达,将其作为药物释放的靶点,旨在实现局部及按需给药,增强治疗的针对性。考虑到TBI损伤活动的动态变化,包括病情恶化和缓解期,目前研究中的药物递送系统无法实现与TBI活动同步的药物释放,可能导致在疾病加重或缓解时释放不足或超量。因此,根据TBI损伤程度来诱导药物释放的局部给药策略具有一定的应用价值,值得进一步探索和研究。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,在HA修饰过程中,羧基被GSH占据,导致该缓释材料无法与其他物质交联形成水凝胶,对缓释材料部分生物学功能的验证形成了挑战,期望未来能够解决这一问题,以进一步完善研究;其次,仅从蛋白层面验证了TBI后MMP的高表达,未能从其他维度,如基因和形态特征等方面进行验证,后续可考虑采用RNA测序等技术手段,对TBI后MMP的调控机制进行更深入的探讨,还可进一步探讨该材料对正常神经元生长和发育的影响;最后,在体内TBI动物模型方面,本研究缺乏足够的组织病理学验证。为了更准确地评估该材料在TBI治疗中的效果,未来可通过组织病理学染色、免疫组化等技术,对受损脑组织的病理变化进行更详细的观察和分析。这将有助于更准确地评估该材料对TBI的治疗效果,并为后续的临床研究提供有力证据。
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2024年第49卷第11期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0192.2024.0701
  • 接收时间:2024-02-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2024-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-19
  • 录用日期:2024-04-28
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    1解放军医学院,北京 100853
    2解放军总医院第一医学中心神经外科医学部,北京 100853
    3军事科学院军事医学研究院军事认知与脑科学研究所,北京 100850
    4解放军总医院第六医学中心神经外科,北京 100048

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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