Article(id=1198196209862144681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0458.2024.0830, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1716739200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-27, onlineDate=1763601837840, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1735315200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763601837840, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763601837840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763601837840, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198196207379120715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='12', pageStart='1343', pageEnd='1459', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763601837248, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603898104, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198204851306988030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198204851306988031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1417, endPage=1425, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198196210063471275, articleId=1198196209862144681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Improvement effect of TSPO ligand YL-IPA08 on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive and anxiety-like behavior in mice and its anti-inflammatory mechanism, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the improvement effect of 18kD translocator protein (TSPO) ligand YL-IPA08 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive, anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in mice and the related anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods (1) 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS model group, LPS+YL-IPA08 (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg) group and YL-IPA08 (3.0 mg/kg) group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in LPS model group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) once on day 1 and day 8. Mice in LPS+YL-IPA08 (1 or 3 mg/kg) and YL-IPA08 (3.0 mg/kg) groups were intragastrically administered YL-IPA08 (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg) for 13 consecutive days, once a day. From the 9th to 12th day, the open field test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test, novel object recognition test and elevated-plus maze test were used to evaluate the depressive, anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function of mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex of mice. (2) BV2 mouse microglia cells were divided into control group (phosphate buffered saline incubation for 1 h), LPS model group (incubated with 1.0 mg/L LPS for 6 h), LPS+YL-IPA08 (0.5 or 1.0 μmol/L) group (incubated with 0.5 or 1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08 for 1 h and then incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 6 h), and YL-IPA08 group (incubated with 1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08 for 1 h). ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the members of Smad protein family (Smad2, Smad3) mediating signal transduction of TGF-β. Results (1) The results of behavioral experiments showed that there was no significant difference in the total movement distance of mice in each group in the open field test (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of entries and duration time in the central area of mice in LPS model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test was significantly prolonged (P<0.05); the recognition index in the novel object recognition test, the percentage of entries into the open arms and the percentage of duration time in the open arm in the elevated-plus maze test were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of PSD95 and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS model group, above behavioral and expression changes in LPS+YL-IPA08 (3.0 mg/kg) group were significantly reversed (P<0.05). (2) Compared with control group, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IFN‑γ in BV2 cells in LPS model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS model group, the expression level of IFN-γ in BV2 cells in LPS+YL-IPA08 (0.5 μmol/L) group was significantly decreased, and the expression levels of IL-4 and TGF-β1 were significantly increased (P<0.05); the above changes were significantly reversed in LPS+YL-IPA08 (1.0 μmol/L) group (P<0.05). Conclusion YL-IPA08 can significantly attenuate LPS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice and alleviate the decline in cognitive dysfunction, which mechanism may be related to improving neuroinflammation and regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

, correspAuthors=Wei Dai, Wen-Zhi Guo, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Dai Wei, E-mail:
Guo Wen-Zhi, E-mail:
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目的 探究18 kD转运蛋白(TSPO)配体YL-IPA08对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠抑郁、焦虑样行为和认知功能障碍的缓解作用及相关抗炎机制。方法 (1)50只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组:对照组、LPS模型组、LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组、LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组,每组10只。LPS模型组、LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组及IPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠在第1天和第8天各经腹腔注射1次LPS(0.5 mg/kg);LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组、LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠连续13 d灌胃给予相应浓度的YL-IPA08(1.0或3.0 mg/kg),1次/d。第9~12天依次采用开场实验、悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验、新物体识别实验和高架十字迷宫实验评估各组小鼠的抑郁、焦虑样行为及认知功能。Western blotting检测小鼠前额叶皮质突触后致密蛋白95(PSD95)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达水平。(2)BV2小鼠小胶质细胞随机分为5组:对照组(磷酸盐缓冲液孵育1 h)、LPS模型组(1 mg/L LPS孵育6 h)、LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组(0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08孵育1 h后,1 mg/L LPS孵育6 h)、LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组(1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08孵育1 h后,1 mg/L LPS孵育6 h)和YL-IPA08组(1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08孵育1 h)。ELISA法检测炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、IL-4、IL-10和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达水平,Western blotting检测细胞中介导TGF-β信号转导的Smad蛋白家族成员2、3(Smad2、Smad3)的表达水平。结果 (1)行为学实验结果显示,开场实验中各组小鼠运动总距离比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而与对照组比较,LPS模型组小鼠进入中心区次数和停留时间明显减少,在悬尾和强迫游泳实验中绝望时间延长,在新物体识别实验中识别指数明显降低,在高架十字迷宫实验中进入开放臂次数百分比和开臂停留时间百分比明显降低,前额叶皮质PSD95及BDNF表达明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠上述行为和蛋白表达变化均明显逆转(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,LPS模型组BV2细胞促炎因子IL-1β和IFN-γ表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β1表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Smad2和Smad3表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞IFN-γ表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),IL-4和TGF-β1表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);而LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞上述变化均明显逆转(P<0.05)。结论 YL-IPA08可明显缓解LPS诱导的小鼠抑郁、焦虑样行为,缓解其认知功能下降,其机制可能与改善神经炎症和调节TGF-β/Smad通路有关。

, correspAuthors=代威, 郭文治, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
代威,E-mail:
郭文治,E-mail:
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崔林雨,硕士研究生,主要从事麻醉药理学方面的研究

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崔林雨,硕士研究生,主要从事麻醉药理学方面的研究

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崔林雨,硕士研究生,主要从事麻醉药理学方面的研究

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LPS. 脂多糖;OFT. 开场实验;TST. 悬尾实验;FST. 强迫游泳实验;NORT. 新物体识别实验;EPM. 高架十字迷宫实验; YL-IPA08. N-乙基-N(2-吡啶甲基)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-乙酰胺盐酸盐

, figureFileSmall=tEC9k5UTz15tcEv+dxBzDg==, figureFileBig=iKBhe5vy8zHeag8If7md1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318897918214719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of YL-IPA08 on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in LPS-treated mice (n=10), figureFileSmall=sm7tJ5nnqao6OJz194RmNg==, figureFileBig=ZljS9l+La9ySQD85SpLeVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318897997906498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=CN, label=图2, caption=YL-IPA08对LPS诱导小鼠抑郁样和焦虑样行为及认知功能障碍的改善作用(n=10)

LPS. 脂多糖;YL-IPA08. N-乙基-N(2-吡啶甲基)-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-乙酰胺盐酸盐;A. 开场实验小鼠运动总距离;B. 开场实验小鼠中心区进入次数;C. 开场实验小鼠中心区停留时间;D. 悬尾实验小鼠绝望时间;E. 强迫游泳实验小鼠绝望时间;F. 新物体识别实验小鼠识别指数;G. 高架十字迷宫实验小鼠开放臂进入次数百分比;H. 高架十字迷宫实验小鼠开放臂停留时间百分比;与对照组相比,(1)P<0.05;与LPS模型组相比,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=sm7tJ5nnqao6OJz194RmNg==, figureFileBig=ZljS9l+La9ySQD85SpLeVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318898102764100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of YL-IPA08 on protein expression levels of PSD95 and BDNF in prefrontal cortex of LPS-treated mice (Western blotting, n=4), figureFileSmall=O5jp9W+SyTno9PewWhj56w==, figureFileBig=0nWQlPq9kZfoMF0S9cAmRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318898190844488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=CN, label=图3, caption=YL-IPA08对LPS诱导小鼠前额叶皮质PSD95和BDNF相对表达水平的影响(Western blotting,n=4)

PSD95. 突触后致密蛋白95;BDNF. 脑源性神经营养因子;β-actin. β-肌动蛋白;与对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与LPS组比较,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=O5jp9W+SyTno9PewWhj56w==, figureFileBig=0nWQlPq9kZfoMF0S9cAmRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318898320867918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of YL-IPA08 on expression levels of cytokines IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in LPS-treated BV2 cells (ELLISA, n=6), figureFileSmall=YeMoL844Pfg5PwXlHzZBUg==, figureFileBig=iR+pKk+4pLHCstL3ROyB3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318898408948308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=CN, label=图4, caption=YL-IPA08对LPS诱导BV2细胞炎性因子IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β1水平的影响(ELLISA,n=6)

IL-1β. 白细胞介素1β;IFN-γ. γ干扰素;IL-4. 白细胞介素4;IL-10. 白细胞介素10;TFG-β1. 转化生长因子β1;与对照组相比,(1)P<0.05;与LPS组相比,(2)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=YeMoL844Pfg5PwXlHzZBUg==, figureFileBig=iR+pKk+4pLHCstL3ROyB3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318898509611610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of YL-IPA08 on expression levels of Smad2 and Smad3 in LPS-treated BV2 cell by Western blotting (n=4), figureFileSmall=MTm3E50BplHwp5a/cv5B8Q==, figureFileBig=u/r3WE20+2Q98HCgnGqeVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318898652217950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196209862144681, language=CN, label=图5, caption=YL-IPA08对LPS诱导BV2小胶质细胞TGF-β1下游通路蛋白Smad2和Smad3相对表达水平的影响(n=4)

Smad2. Smad蛋白家族成员2;Smad3. Smad蛋白家族成员3;β-actin. β-肌动蛋白;与对照组相比,(1)P<0.05;与LPS组相比,(2)P<0.05

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TSPO配体YL-IPA08对脂多糖诱导的小鼠抑郁和焦虑样行为的缓解作用及其抗炎机制
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崔林雨 1 , 王婧雅 2 , 段婧瑶 3 , 李云峰 2 , 代威 3, * , 郭文治 4, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024,49(12): 1417-1425
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2024, 49(12): 1417-1425
TSPO配体YL-IPA08对脂多糖诱导的小鼠抑郁和焦虑样行为的缓解作用及其抗炎机制
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崔林雨1, 王婧雅2, 段婧瑶3, 李云峰2, 代威3, * , 郭文治4, *
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学麻醉学院,山西太原 030001
  • 2军事科学院军事医学研究院军事认知与脑科学研究所,北京 100850
  • 3军事科学院军事医学研究院,北京 100850
  • 4解放军总医院第七医学中心麻醉科,北京 100010
  • 崔林雨,硕士研究生,主要从事麻醉药理学方面的研究

通讯作者:

代威,E-mail:
郭文治,E-mail:
Improvement effect of TSPO ligand YL-IPA08 on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive and anxiety-like behavior in mice and its anti-inflammatory mechanism
Lin-Yu Cui1, Jing-Ya Wang2, Jing-Yao Duan3, Yun-Feng Li2, Wei Dai3, * , Wen-Zhi Guo4, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
  • 2Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
  • 3Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
  • 4Department of Anesthesiology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
出版时间: 2024-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0458.2024.0830
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目的 探究18 kD转运蛋白(TSPO)配体YL-IPA08对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠抑郁、焦虑样行为和认知功能障碍的缓解作用及相关抗炎机制。方法 (1)50只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组:对照组、LPS模型组、LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组、LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组,每组10只。LPS模型组、LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组及IPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠在第1天和第8天各经腹腔注射1次LPS(0.5 mg/kg);LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组、LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠连续13 d灌胃给予相应浓度的YL-IPA08(1.0或3.0 mg/kg),1次/d。第9~12天依次采用开场实验、悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验、新物体识别实验和高架十字迷宫实验评估各组小鼠的抑郁、焦虑样行为及认知功能。Western blotting检测小鼠前额叶皮质突触后致密蛋白95(PSD95)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达水平。(2)BV2小鼠小胶质细胞随机分为5组:对照组(磷酸盐缓冲液孵育1 h)、LPS模型组(1 mg/L LPS孵育6 h)、LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组(0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08孵育1 h后,1 mg/L LPS孵育6 h)、LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组(1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08孵育1 h后,1 mg/L LPS孵育6 h)和YL-IPA08组(1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08孵育1 h)。ELISA法检测炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、IL-4、IL-10和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达水平,Western blotting检测细胞中介导TGF-β信号转导的Smad蛋白家族成员2、3(Smad2、Smad3)的表达水平。结果 (1)行为学实验结果显示,开场实验中各组小鼠运动总距离比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而与对照组比较,LPS模型组小鼠进入中心区次数和停留时间明显减少,在悬尾和强迫游泳实验中绝望时间延长,在新物体识别实验中识别指数明显降低,在高架十字迷宫实验中进入开放臂次数百分比和开臂停留时间百分比明显降低,前额叶皮质PSD95及BDNF表达明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠上述行为和蛋白表达变化均明显逆转(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,LPS模型组BV2细胞促炎因子IL-1β和IFN-γ表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β1表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),Smad2和Smad3表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞IFN-γ表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),IL-4和TGF-β1表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);而LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞上述变化均明显逆转(P<0.05)。结论 YL-IPA08可明显缓解LPS诱导的小鼠抑郁、焦虑样行为,缓解其认知功能下降,其机制可能与改善神经炎症和调节TGF-β/Smad通路有关。

YL-IPA08  /  抑郁  /  焦虑  /  认知功能  /  炎症

Objective To investigate the improvement effect of 18kD translocator protein (TSPO) ligand YL-IPA08 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive, anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in mice and the related anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods (1) 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS model group, LPS+YL-IPA08 (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg) group and YL-IPA08 (3.0 mg/kg) group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in LPS model group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) once on day 1 and day 8. Mice in LPS+YL-IPA08 (1 or 3 mg/kg) and YL-IPA08 (3.0 mg/kg) groups were intragastrically administered YL-IPA08 (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg) for 13 consecutive days, once a day. From the 9th to 12th day, the open field test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test, novel object recognition test and elevated-plus maze test were used to evaluate the depressive, anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function of mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex of mice. (2) BV2 mouse microglia cells were divided into control group (phosphate buffered saline incubation for 1 h), LPS model group (incubated with 1.0 mg/L LPS for 6 h), LPS+YL-IPA08 (0.5 or 1.0 μmol/L) group (incubated with 0.5 or 1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08 for 1 h and then incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 6 h), and YL-IPA08 group (incubated with 1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08 for 1 h). ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the members of Smad protein family (Smad2, Smad3) mediating signal transduction of TGF-β. Results (1) The results of behavioral experiments showed that there was no significant difference in the total movement distance of mice in each group in the open field test (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of entries and duration time in the central area of mice in LPS model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test was significantly prolonged (P<0.05); the recognition index in the novel object recognition test, the percentage of entries into the open arms and the percentage of duration time in the open arm in the elevated-plus maze test were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of PSD95 and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS model group, above behavioral and expression changes in LPS+YL-IPA08 (3.0 mg/kg) group were significantly reversed (P<0.05). (2) Compared with control group, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IFN‑γ in BV2 cells in LPS model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS model group, the expression level of IFN-γ in BV2 cells in LPS+YL-IPA08 (0.5 μmol/L) group was significantly decreased, and the expression levels of IL-4 and TGF-β1 were significantly increased (P<0.05); the above changes were significantly reversed in LPS+YL-IPA08 (1.0 μmol/L) group (P<0.05). Conclusion YL-IPA08 can significantly attenuate LPS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice and alleviate the decline in cognitive dysfunction, which mechanism may be related to improving neuroinflammation and regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

YL-IPA08  /  depression  /  anxiety  /  cognitive function  /  inflammation
崔林雨, 王婧雅, 段婧瑶, 李云峰, 代威, 郭文治. TSPO配体YL-IPA08对脂多糖诱导的小鼠抑郁和焦虑样行为的缓解作用及其抗炎机制. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (12) : 1417 -1425 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0458.2024.0830
Lin-Yu Cui, Jing-Ya Wang, Jing-Yao Duan, Yun-Feng Li, Wei Dai, Wen-Zhi Guo. Improvement effect of TSPO ligand YL-IPA08 on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive and anxiety-like behavior in mice and its anti-inflammatory mechanism[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (12) : 1417 -1425 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0458.2024.0830
抑郁症和焦虑症均为常见的精神障碍,给患者家庭和社会造成了沉重负担。抑郁症和焦虑症之间存在着广泛的共病现象,一线抗抑郁药也多为一线抗焦虑药[1]。但目前以氟西汀、舍曲林等5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂为代表的临床一线抗抑郁、抗焦虑药多存在有效率不高和损害认知功能等缺陷[2]。因此,研发高效、不良反应少的新型抗抑郁、抗焦虑药物意义重大。研究显示,抑郁症和焦虑症的发病与炎症发生和突触可塑性障碍密切相关[3]。作为中枢神经系统常驻的免疫细胞,小胶质细胞可在机体损伤或感染时激活并转化为不同表型(如M1型和M2型)[4-5]。M1型小胶质细胞可产生促炎介质,参与中枢炎症的进展;M2型小胶质细胞可分泌多种细胞因子,发挥抗炎和组织修复作用,并参与突触可塑性的调节。18 kD转运蛋白(18 kD translocator protein,TSPO)是一种跨膜蛋白,在中枢神经系统中主要表达于小胶质细胞的线粒体外膜,与类固醇生成和炎症反应有关,并可调节小胶质细胞极化[6]。TSPO配体在啮齿类动物中可能有抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用。YL-IPA08作为本课题组自主研发的抗焦虑候选新药,是TSPO的高亲和力配体。前期研究显示,YL-IPA08在大鼠产后抑郁模型和慢性不可预测应激模型中具有快速抗抑郁、抗焦虑的作用[7-8],但其是否通过调节炎症反应发挥抗抑郁、抗焦虑和促认知效应及其可能的机制仍然未知。本研究采用革兰阴性菌细胞壁成分脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠模型探究YL-IPA08对抑郁、焦虑样行为和认知功能障碍的缓解作用及其可能的抗炎机制,并在LPS诱导的小胶质细胞炎症模型中观察了YL-IPA08对炎性因子及下游通路蛋白表达的影响,旨在为相关药物的开发提供依据。
YL-IPA08(2019112203,纯度>99.9%,由军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所提供);LPS(L2880,纯度>99%,美国Sigma公司);兔抗突触后致密蛋白95(postsynaptic density protein 95,PSD95)、Smad家族成员2(member 2 of small mothers against decapentaplegic protein family,Smad2)多克隆抗体(20665-1-AP,12570-1-AP,武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司);兔抗脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)单克隆抗体(ab108319,英国Abcam公司);兔抗Smad3(9523)、β-肌动蛋白单克隆抗体(4967,美国Cell Signaling Technology公司);胎牛血清(FND500,中国Excell Bio公司);小鼠白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、IL-4和IL-10 ELISA检测试剂盒(SEA563Mu,SEA049Mu,SEA077Mu,SEA056Mu,武汉云克隆科技股份有限公司);小鼠转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)ELISA检测试剂盒(QS42871,北京奇松生物科技有限公司)。Mini-Protean Tetra Cell小型垂直电泳系统(美国Bio-Rad公司);OSA-0358型Odyssey双色红外荧光成像系统(美国LI-COR公司);BB 150细胞培养箱(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司)。
10周龄雄性SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠50只,初始体重23~25 g,购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010]。小鼠饲养于SPF级环境,温度22~24 ℃,相对湿度40%~60%,12 h/12 h昼夜交替,自由摄食饮水。本研究获军事医学研究院实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(IACUC-DWZX-2022-605)。
小鼠适应性饲养7 d后随机分为5组:对照组、LPS模型组、LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组、LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组,每组10只。LPS模型组、LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠在第1天和第8天分别腹腔注射给予LPS(0.5 mg/kg);第1~13天,对照组小鼠灌胃给予生理盐水(10 mg/kg),1次/d;LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组、LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组和3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠灌胃给予YL-IPA08,1次/d。实验流程见图1
第9~12天依次进行开场实验、悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验、新物体识别实验和高架十字迷宫实验,每次实验前将小鼠转移至实验房间适应2 h。
采用小鼠开场箱(40 cm×40 cm×40 cm),周壁及箱底为灰色有机玻璃材质,箱底被均分为16小格,中央4格为中心区。实验时,将每只小鼠置于开场箱内固定一角,自由活动5 min,使用SMART视频采集系统记录小鼠自发活动总距离、进入中心区的次数和停留时间并进行分析,评估小鼠的自发活动能力和抑郁样行为。
在距小鼠尾端1 cm处粘贴白色胶条,用胶条使小鼠倒悬在悬尾箱(20 cm×30 cm×40 cm)顶端,记录小鼠6 min内的倒悬挣扎状态,统计后4 min小鼠的绝望行为持续时间。将小鼠置于强迫游泳缸(圆柱体容器,透明亚克力材质,底面半径6.9 cm,高19.5 cm),缸内水深16 cm,水温22~24 ℃,筒壁光滑不易攀爬,记录6 min内小鼠在水中的运动过程,统计后4 min小鼠的绝望行为持续时间。绝望行为指小鼠放弃挣扎,躯体无活动,呈现静止状态或只有轻微运动,用于评估小鼠的抑郁样行为。
第1天将小鼠置于开场实验箱(40 cm×40 cm×40 cm)内适应环境5 min;第2天实验场地内两角各放置1个物体,两个物体大小、形状、颜色完全相同,将小鼠置于实验箱内自由探索5 min;第3天将其中1个物体更换为大小、形状、颜色完全不同的另一物体后再将小鼠放进场地,用SMART视频采集系统记录5 min内小鼠分别对新、旧物体的探索时间(探索行为指小鼠用鼻子或嘴靠近物体,且与物体间距≤2 cm),计算识别指数,以反映小鼠的认知与记忆能力。识别指数(%)=新物体探索时间/(新物体探索时间+旧物体探索时间)×100%。
迷宫装置距离地面50 cm,整体材质为灰色不透明有机玻璃。将小鼠置于高架十字迷宫中央区域(5 cm×5 cm),使之面对两个开放臂(30 cm×5 cm×1 cm)和两个闭合臂(30 cm×5 cm×15 cm),使用SMART视频采集系统记录5 min内小鼠的活动轨迹,统计小鼠进入开放臂的次数和停留时间。计算小鼠进入开放臂的次数和停留时间的占比,评估小鼠的焦虑样行为。
实验第13天给药后处死小鼠,于冰上取大脑前额叶皮质组织,于液氮短暂冻存后移至-80 ℃保存备用。称重各小鼠前额叶皮质组织,每1 mg加10 μl RIPA裂解液、0.2 μl蛋白酶抑制剂和0.2 μl磷酸酶抑制剂,于4 ℃条件下研磨3次,每次60 Hz、60 s,静置40 min后12 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液。使用BCA试剂盒进行蛋白浓度定量。每个样品取40 μg蛋白于聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中,电压80 V电泳100 min,使用“三明治”法将蛋白转移至PVDF膜,5%脱脂奶粉25 ℃封闭2 h,TBST洗膜1次,加入兔抗PSD95、BDNF、β-肌动蛋白一抗(1:1000),4 ℃孵育12 h。TBST洗膜3次,加入山羊抗兔IgG二抗(1:500),25 ℃孵育2 h。TBST洗膜3次,将PVDF膜置于Odyssey双色红外荧光显影仪中进行曝光显影,使用Image J软件分析蛋白条带灰度值,以目的蛋白条带灰度值/内参蛋白条带灰度值作为其相对表达水平。
BV2细胞购自中国协和医学院细胞资源中心,用含10% FBS和1%青-链霉素的DMEM完全培养基培养于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱。当细胞密度达到80%时进行传代,取对数生长期细胞进行实验。
将BV2细胞接种到6孔板,每孔7×105个细胞,随机分为对照组、LPS模型组、LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组、LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组和1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组。对照组细胞使用磷酸盐缓冲液孵育1 h,LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组、LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组和1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组细胞使用相应浓度的YL-IPA08孵育1 h;更换培养基,LPS组、LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组和LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组使用1.0 mg/L LPS培养6 h。
细胞分组及药物处理同1.4.2,每组设6个复孔。弃培养基,收集细胞,加入PBS反复冻融3次裂解细胞,4 ℃下12 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液。按照ELISA试剂盒步骤检测各组细胞内IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β1蛋白浓度。
细胞分组及药物处理同1.4.2,每组设4个复孔。弃培养基,6孔板各孔加入200 μl的RIPA裂解液,冰上静置5 min后使用细胞刮刀收集细胞裂解液,4 ℃下12 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液。Western blotting实验操作步骤同1.3.7。一抗(兔抗Smad2或Smad3)稀释倍数为1:500。
采用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1软件进行统计分析。计量资料均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Dunnett-t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
行为学实验结果显示,各组小鼠开场实验运动总距离比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图2A)。与对照组比较,LPS模型组小鼠在开场实验中进入中心区的次数和停留时间减少(P<0.05,图2B、C),在悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验中绝望时间延长(P<0.05,图2D、E),在新物体识别实验中识别指数降低(P<0.05,图2F),在高架十字迷宫实验中开放臂进入次数百分比和停留时间百分比降低(P<0.05,图2G、H)。3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠各项指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+1.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠仅在强迫游泳实验中绝望时间减少(P<0.05),其他行为学指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠上述行为学指标均明显逆转(P<0.05,图2)。根据以上实验结果,后续实验选择LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠脑组织进行Western blotting检测。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS模型组小鼠前额叶皮质PSD95和BDNF蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05),而3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠PSD95和BDNF蛋白表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+3.0 mg/kg YL-IPA08组小鼠PSD95和BDNF蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)(图3)。
ELISA检测结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS模型组BV2细胞促炎因子IL-1β和IFN-γ水平明显升高(P<0.05),抑炎因子IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β1水平明显降低(P<0.05);0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组上述炎症相关因子与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+0.5 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞IFN-γ水平明显降低(P<0.05),IL-4和TGF-β1水平明显升高(P<0.05),而IL-1β和IL-10水平无明显变化(P>0.05);LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞IL-1β和IFN-γ水平明显降低(P<0.05),L-4、IL-10和TGF-β1浓度明显升高(P<0.05)(图4)。根据以上实验结果,后续实验选择LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞进行Western blotting检测。
Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS模型组BV2细胞Smad2和Smad3蛋白相对表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),而1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞Smad2和Smad3蛋白相对表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,LPS+1.0 μmol/L YL-IPA08组BV2细胞Smad2和Smad3蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)(图5)。
自1991年提出细胞因子假说以来,越来越多的证据显示,抑郁症发病与炎症关系密切[9],如有研究发现重度抑郁症患者血清和脑脊液中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α水平明显升高[10]。免疫炎症通路的激活特别是促炎细胞因子的释放会引发神经内分泌改变和神经炎症,从而导致抑郁症的发生[11-12],而抑郁症状可通过某些抗炎治疗得到改善[13],如艾司氯胺酮(esketamine)可通过抗炎作用缓解小鼠的抑郁样行为[14]。本课题组前期研究显示,在大鼠慢性不可预测应激和产后抑郁等模型中,YL-IPA08(0.1、0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg)慢性灌胃给药可发挥抗抑郁样和抗焦虑作用[7,15],但YL-IPA08的抗炎作用尚未见报道。因此,本研究从抗炎作用的角度探究YL-IPA08的抗抑郁、抗焦虑及促认知效应及其可能机制,剂量根据课题组前期研究结果确定[15]
LPS作为实验中常用的炎症刺激因子,可引起急、慢性炎症反应,影响免疫细胞的发育、分布和激活[16-20]。给予LPS可导致啮齿类动物体内炎症水平增高[21],悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验中绝望时间延长,导致抑郁样行为产生[22]。目前,单次腹腔注射给予LPS被广泛用于诱导啮齿类动物抑郁样行为[23-25]。文献报道腹腔注射给予0.5 mg/kg LPS刺激后6 h,小鼠前额叶皮质和海马中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等炎性因子表达水平升高,提示促炎细胞因子可透过血脑屏障进入大脑[26],激活小胶质细胞,诱导中枢炎症。有研究发现在LPS(0.5或0.83 mg/kg)腹腔注射后约2 h,小鼠血液中促炎细胞因子的释放达到峰值,出现发热、厌食、运动和社会互动减少等行为;24 h后,小鼠表现出抑郁样行为[24-25,27]。参考本课题组前期研究[28],本研究沿用两次腹腔注射给予0.5 mg/kg LPS的模型,在不影响自发活动的前提下诱导小鼠产生稳定的抑郁样行为。
突触蛋白表达增加和突触可塑性增强与抗抑郁作用关系密切[8],包括选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(如氟西汀)在内的多种抗抑郁药可通过增强突触可塑性发挥抗抑郁作用[29-30]。PSD95是突触可塑性相关标志物之一,负责运输N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸受体(AMPAR)到突触后膜,调节突触成熟[31]。BDNF是突触可塑性的关键调节因子,可通过激活原肌球蛋白相关激酶受体B(tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B,TrkB)信号通路启动下游多条信号通路,增加皮质树突棘密度,影响树突棘形态[32-34]。LPS处理已被证实可导致啮齿类动物PSD95和BDNF水平降低,神经元突触可塑性受损[35]。研究显示,依鲁替尼和氟西汀可逆转LPS诱导的小鼠PSD95、BDNF蛋白表达水平降低,改善突触的缺失,缓解抑郁症状[36-37]。Liu等[38]发现,PSD95和BDNF蛋白水平升高可增加突触数量和密度,改善认知功能。本研究的结果与上述研究一致。此外,多种类型的细胞(包括小胶质细胞)可分泌BDNF。YL-IPA08作为TSPO配体,可能通过作用于小胶质细胞影响BDNF的分泌和突触蛋白合成而发挥作用,这与Wang等[39]对TSPO配体的研究结果相一致。近期研究显示,小胶质细胞分泌的BDNF可促进突触可塑性,并调节与学习记忆功能有关的突触形成[40]
小胶质细胞是大脑的免疫细胞,在不同情况可分化为M1型或M2型。在抑郁症中,小胶质细胞被激活并向M1型分化,表现为细胞体增大、细胞分枝减少和突起粗大[41]。M1型小胶质细胞合成和分泌IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6等促炎细胞因子,M2型则表达IL-10、IL-4和TGF-β等抗炎细胞因子[42],两者共同调控中枢炎症水平[43-44]。在LPS刺激下,小胶质细胞的激活和促炎细胞因子的表达更加明显[45]。研究显示,依鲁替尼可抑制LPS诱导的小胶质细胞激活和炎性因子释放,缓解小鼠抑郁样行为[37]。IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β1可通过下调IL-6、TNF-α的表达及抑制一氧化氮的产生,在体内外抑制LPS诱导的神经元损伤[43,46-48]。本研究通过预孵育YL-IPA08(0.5或1.0 μmol/L)1 h观察其是否能减轻LPS诱导的BV2小胶质细胞神经炎症并发挥抗炎作用,结果提示,YL-IPA08可能通过促使小胶质细胞向M2型分化而发挥抗炎作用。
研究发现,TGF-β1在R-氯胺酮(R-ketamine)的快速抗抑郁起效中发挥关键作用[49]。TGF-β/Smad信号通路在大鼠原代小胶质细胞中发挥抗炎作用,影响核因子κB(nuclear factor κB,NF-κB)进入细胞核,抑制LPS引起的炎症反应[50]。此外,在小鼠慢性社交挫败应激模型(chronic social defeat stress,CSDS)中,脑室内注射重组TGF-β1和鼻内给予TGF-β1均可产生快速且持续的抗抑郁样作用[49,51]。本研究对TGF-β1及Smad2和Smad3蛋白表达的检测结果显示,YL-IPA08可能通过小胶质细胞激活TGF-β/Smad通路发挥抗炎作用。
综上所述,YL-IPA08可明显改善LPS诱导的小鼠抑郁样和焦虑样行为及认知功能障碍,调节BV2细胞炎性因子的表达水平,促进PSD95和BDNF蛋白表达,增强突触可塑性,并可能通过激活小胶质细胞TGF-β/Smad通路发挥抗炎作用。但本研究并未考察YL-IPA08是通过影响神经元还是胶质细胞促进PSD95和BDNF表达;未在动物水平进行多脑区实验进一步验证和探究YL-IPA08的抗炎作用;TGF-β/Smad通路是否介导YL-IPA08的抗抑郁、抗焦虑和促认知效应仍需进一步探索。因此,后续实验将从多脑区和多种细胞类型角度出发,进一步探讨YL-IPA08增强突触可塑性的精细调控机制,并在动物水平探究TGF-β/Smad通路在YL-IPA08起效中的作用。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82204358)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0458.2024.0830
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
  • 录用日期:2024-05-27
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204358)
国家自然科学基金(82204358)
作者信息
    1山西医科大学麻醉学院,山西太原 030001
    2军事科学院军事医学研究院军事认知与脑科学研究所,北京 100850
    3军事科学院军事医学研究院,北京 100850
    4解放军总医院第七医学中心麻醉科,北京 100010

通讯作者:

代威,E-mail:
郭文治,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jfjyxzz/CN/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0458.2024.0830
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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