Article(id=1198196208507384475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1160.2024.0514, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1693929600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1700496000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-11-21, onlineDate=1763601837517, onlineDateStr=2025-11-20, pubDate=1735315200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763601837517, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763601837517, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763601837517, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198196207379120715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2024', volume='49', issue='12', pageStart='1343', pageEnd='1459', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763601837248, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763603898104, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198204851306988030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198204851306988031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1198196207379120715, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1360, endPage=1365, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198196209157501604, articleId=1198196208507384475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Correlation between family dynamics characteristics and negative life events with adolescent depressive symptoms, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the correlation between systemic family dynamics characteristics and adolescent depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of negative life events between them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 adolescent patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to the international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 criteria at the Psychosomatic Medicine Department of Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from September 2021 to February 2023. The second edition of the Scale of Systematic Family Dynamics (SSFD), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) were utilized to evaluate the family dynamics characteristics, depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Canonical correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between 4 dimensions of SSFD [family atmosphere (FA), individuation (IN), system logic (SL), illness concept (IC)] and 5 factors of CDI (low self-esteem, negative emotion, anhedonia, inefficiency, interpersonal problem). A mediation effect analysis using Bootstrap test was conducted to analyze the mediating role of negative life events between family dynamics and adolescent depressive symptoms. Results The scores for FA, SL, and IN in SSFD were negatively correlated with the total score of CDI (r=-0.359, -0.256, -0.291, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the total score of ASLEC too (r=-0.318, -0.371, -0.406, P<0.01). However, a positive correlation was observed between the total scores of ASLEC and CDI (r=0.633, P<0.01). Canonical correlation analysis between the 4 dimensions of SSFD and the 5 factors of CDI revealed one pair of statistically significant canonical variables (U1, V1) with a canonical correlation coefficient of 0.483 (P<0.05). This indicates that the canonical variable U1 of SSFD was primarily influenced by FA, while the canonical variable V1 of CDI was mainly affected by low self-esteem and interpersonal problems. The mediating analysis showed that the effects of FA, IN, and SL scores on CDI total score were all weak (-0.147, -0.117, -0.102, respectively) but statistically significant (P<0.05). The direct effect of IN and SL scores on CDI total score was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while the direct effect of FA score on CDI total score was statistically significant (-0.076, P<0.05). Additionally, the mediating effect of ASLEC between the scores of FA, IN, SL and CDI total score were all significant (-0.071, -0.095, -0.087, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusions Adolescent depressive symptoms may be influenced by systemic family dynamics characteristics and negative life events. Negative life events mediate the influence of FA, IN, and SL on depressive symptoms. However, the IC is not related to depressive symptoms in adolescents.

, correspAuthors=Chuan-Yuan Kang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨家庭动力学特征与青少年抑郁症状的相关性,以及负性生活事件在二者之间的中介作用。方法 收集2021年9月-2023年2月在同济大学附属东方医院临床心理科就诊,且符合国际疾病分类(ICD)-10诊断标准的124例青少年抑郁症患者进行横断面研究。使用系统家庭动力量表(SSFD)第2版、儿童抑郁量表(CDI)及青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)对患者的家庭动力学特征、抑郁症状及负性生活事件进行评估。采用典型相关分析探索系统家庭动力学4个维度[家庭气氛(FA)、系统逻辑(SL)、个性化(IN)、疾病观念(IC)]与CDI 5个因子(低自尊、负面情绪、快感缺乏、效能低下、人际问题)之间的相关性,通过中介效应分析(Bootstrap检验)建立模型检验负性生活事件在家庭动力学特征与青少年抑郁症状之间的中介作用。结果 SSFD 4个维度中的FA、SL、IN得分与CDI总分呈负相关(r=-0.359、-0.256、-0.291,P<0.01),与ASLEC总分呈负相关(r=-0.318、-0.371、-0.406,P<0.01);ASLEC总分与CDI总分呈正相关(r=0.633,P<0.01)。SSFD4个维度与CDI 5个因子的典型相关分析得到1对有统计学意义的典型变量(U1、V1),典型相关系数为0.483(P<0.05),反映SSFD的典型变量U1主要受FA的影响,反映CDI的典型变量V1主要受低自尊和人际问题的影响。负性生活事件对家庭动力学特征与抑郁症状的中介作用的分析结果显示,FA、IN、SL得分影响CDI总分的总效应均较弱(效应值分别为-0.147、-0.117、-0.102),但均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,IN、SL得分对CDI总分的直接效应无统计学意义(P>0.05),而FA得分对CDI总分的直接效应有统计学意义(效应值为-0.076,P<0.05),而FA、IN、SL得分通过ASLEC总分影响CDI总分的中介效应均有统计学意义(效应值分别为-0.071、-0.095、-0.087,P<0.05)。结论 青少年抑郁症状可能受家庭动力学特征及负性生活事件的影响,负性生活事件在FA、IN、SL等家庭动力学特征对抑郁症状的影响中发挥中介作用;家庭动力学特征中的IC与青少年抑郁症状不相关。

, correspAuthors=康传媛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
康传媛,E-mail:
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周惠至,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事精神疾病的社会心理因素方面的研究

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周惠至,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事精神疾病的社会心理因素方面的研究

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周惠至,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事精神疾病的社会心理因素方面的研究

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JAMA Netw Open, 2023, 6(3): e233944., articleTitle=Associations between mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationships and young adult health, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198318900548043394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=186, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=赵雅宁, 孙宗琪, 郭霞, journalName=实用预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵雅宁, 孙宗琪, 郭霞. 青少年自我分化水平的影响因素及其与青少年心理健康的关系[J]. 实用预防医学, 2016, 23(2): 186-189., articleTitle=青少年自我分化水平的影响因素及其与青少年心理健康的关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198318900661289604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=51, issue=8, pageStart=903, pageEnd=913, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=王美萍, 郑晓洁, 夏桂芝, journalName=心理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王美萍, 郑晓洁, 夏桂芝, 等. 负性生活事件与青少年早期抑郁的关系: COMT基因Val158Met多态性与父母教养行为的调节作用[J]. 心理学报, 2019, 51(8): 903-913., articleTitle=负性生活事件与青少年早期抑郁的关系: COMT基因Val158Met多态性与父母教养行为的调节作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198318900753564294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=349, issue=null, pageStart=145, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Haehner P, Würtz F, Kritzler S, journalName=J Affect Disord, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haehner P, Würtz F, Kritzler S, et al. The relationship between the perception of major life events and depression: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis[J]. 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SSFD. 系统家庭动力量表;ASLEC. 青少年生活事件量表;CDI. 儿童抑郁量表;IN. 个性化;FA. 家庭气氛;SL. 系统逻辑;e. 残差

, figureFileSmall=cTzK1O76H0LhIxH+8DLBqA==, figureFileBig=vL8Kn+FfYR5FAKzGQ3jcqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198318896198550007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Demographic data and clinical features of 124 depression adolescents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征 数值
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 15.1±1.8
发病年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 13.0±1.9
性别[例(%)]
25(20.2)
99(79.8)
独生子[例(%)]
79(63.7)
45(36.3)
家庭类型[例(%)]
核心家庭 63(50.8)
大家庭 52(41.9)
其他 9(7.2)
样本来源[例(%)]
门诊 19(15.3)
住院 105(84.7)
抑郁发作程度(ICD-10标准)[例(%)]
重度 80(64.5)
中度 30(24.2)
轻度 14(11.3)
SSFD 4个维度得分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)
IN 56.4±22.7
FA 48.4±22.3
SL 53.2±22.9
IC 57.4±17.2
CDI总分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)* 33.1±9.0
ASLEC总分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)# 46.6±22.1
), ArticleFig(id=1198318896303407611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

124例青少年抑郁症患者的人口学资料和临床特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征 数值
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 15.1±1.8
发病年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$) 13.0±1.9
性别[例(%)]
25(20.2)
99(79.8)
独生子[例(%)]
79(63.7)
45(36.3)
家庭类型[例(%)]
核心家庭 63(50.8)
大家庭 52(41.9)
其他 9(7.2)
样本来源[例(%)]
门诊 19(15.3)
住院 105(84.7)
抑郁发作程度(ICD-10标准)[例(%)]
重度 80(64.5)
中度 30(24.2)
轻度 14(11.3)
SSFD 4个维度得分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)
IN 56.4±22.7
FA 48.4±22.3
SL 53.2±22.9
IC 57.4±17.2
CDI总分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)* 33.1±9.0
ASLEC总分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)# 46.6±22.1
), ArticleFig(id=1198318896416653820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Bivariate correlation coefficients among scores of SSFD 4 dimensions, ASLEC scores and CDI scores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 SSFD ASLEC总分
IN得分 FA得分 SL得分 IC得分
CDI总分 -0.291** -0.359** -0.256** -0.152 0.633**
ASLEC总分 -0.406** -0.318** -0.371** -0.075
), ArticleFig(id=1198318896609591810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SSFD 4个维度得分、ASLEC总分、CDI总分之间的双变量相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 SSFD ASLEC总分
IN得分 FA得分 SL得分 IC得分
CDI总分 -0.291** -0.359** -0.256** -0.152 0.633**
ASLEC总分 -0.406** -0.318** -0.371** -0.075
), ArticleFig(id=1198318896697672200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The Bootstrap test of mediating effect size of ASLEC score between 3 dimensions of SSFD score and CDI score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 直接效应 间接效应 总效应 偏差校正的Bootstrap法
直接效应 间接效应
95%CI P 95%CI P
IN得分→ASLEC总分→CDI总分 -0.021 -0.095* -0.117* -0.103~0.047 0.446 -0.154~-0.046 0.014
FA得分→ASLEC总分→CDI总分 -0.076* -0.071* -0.147* -0.153~-0.004 0.032 -0.114~-0.025 0.025
SL得分→ASLEC总分→CDI总分 -0.014 -0.087* -0.102* -0.057~0.036 0.659 -0.137~-0.043 0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1198318896848667150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1198196208507384475, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ASLEC总分对SSFD 3个维度得分与CDI总分之间的中介效应值及Bootstrap检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 直接效应 间接效应 总效应 偏差校正的Bootstrap法
直接效应 间接效应
95%CI P 95%CI P
IN得分→ASLEC总分→CDI总分 -0.021 -0.095* -0.117* -0.103~0.047 0.446 -0.154~-0.046 0.014
FA得分→ASLEC总分→CDI总分 -0.076* -0.071* -0.147* -0.153~-0.004 0.032 -0.114~-0.025 0.025
SL得分→ASLEC总分→CDI总分 -0.014 -0.087* -0.102* -0.057~0.036 0.659 -0.137~-0.043 0.010
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家庭动力学特征和负性生活事件与青少年抑郁症状的相关性分析
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周惠至 1, 2 , 杨舒然 1 , 韩冬 1 , 陈诗 1 , 冯强 1 , 王璐 1 , 康传媛 1, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024,49(12): 1360-1365
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2024, 49(12): 1360-1365
家庭动力学特征和负性生活事件与青少年抑郁症状的相关性分析
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周惠至1, 2, 杨舒然1, 韩冬1, 陈诗1, 冯强1, 王璐1, 康传媛1, *
作者信息
  • 1同济大学附属东方医院临床心理科,上海 200120
  • 2解放军联勤保障部队第920医院精神心理科,云南昆明 650100
  • 周惠至,医学硕士,主治医师,主要从事精神疾病的社会心理因素方面的研究

通讯作者:

康传媛,E-mail:
Correlation between family dynamics characteristics and negative life events with adolescent depressive symptoms
Hui-Zhi Zhou1, 2, Shu-Ran Yang1, Dong Han1, Shi Chen1, Qiang Feng1, Lu Wang1, Chuan-Yuan Kang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University Schol of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
  • 2Department of Psychiatry, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
出版时间: 2024-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1160.2024.0514
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目的 探讨家庭动力学特征与青少年抑郁症状的相关性,以及负性生活事件在二者之间的中介作用。方法 收集2021年9月-2023年2月在同济大学附属东方医院临床心理科就诊,且符合国际疾病分类(ICD)-10诊断标准的124例青少年抑郁症患者进行横断面研究。使用系统家庭动力量表(SSFD)第2版、儿童抑郁量表(CDI)及青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)对患者的家庭动力学特征、抑郁症状及负性生活事件进行评估。采用典型相关分析探索系统家庭动力学4个维度[家庭气氛(FA)、系统逻辑(SL)、个性化(IN)、疾病观念(IC)]与CDI 5个因子(低自尊、负面情绪、快感缺乏、效能低下、人际问题)之间的相关性,通过中介效应分析(Bootstrap检验)建立模型检验负性生活事件在家庭动力学特征与青少年抑郁症状之间的中介作用。结果 SSFD 4个维度中的FA、SL、IN得分与CDI总分呈负相关(r=-0.359、-0.256、-0.291,P<0.01),与ASLEC总分呈负相关(r=-0.318、-0.371、-0.406,P<0.01);ASLEC总分与CDI总分呈正相关(r=0.633,P<0.01)。SSFD4个维度与CDI 5个因子的典型相关分析得到1对有统计学意义的典型变量(U1、V1),典型相关系数为0.483(P<0.05),反映SSFD的典型变量U1主要受FA的影响,反映CDI的典型变量V1主要受低自尊和人际问题的影响。负性生活事件对家庭动力学特征与抑郁症状的中介作用的分析结果显示,FA、IN、SL得分影响CDI总分的总效应均较弱(效应值分别为-0.147、-0.117、-0.102),但均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,IN、SL得分对CDI总分的直接效应无统计学意义(P>0.05),而FA得分对CDI总分的直接效应有统计学意义(效应值为-0.076,P<0.05),而FA、IN、SL得分通过ASLEC总分影响CDI总分的中介效应均有统计学意义(效应值分别为-0.071、-0.095、-0.087,P<0.05)。结论 青少年抑郁症状可能受家庭动力学特征及负性生活事件的影响,负性生活事件在FA、IN、SL等家庭动力学特征对抑郁症状的影响中发挥中介作用;家庭动力学特征中的IC与青少年抑郁症状不相关。

青少年  /  健康  /  抑郁  /  家庭关系  /  负性生活事件  /  中介

Objective To explore the correlation between systemic family dynamics characteristics and adolescent depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of negative life events between them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 adolescent patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to the international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 criteria at the Psychosomatic Medicine Department of Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from September 2021 to February 2023. The second edition of the Scale of Systematic Family Dynamics (SSFD), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) were utilized to evaluate the family dynamics characteristics, depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Canonical correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between 4 dimensions of SSFD [family atmosphere (FA), individuation (IN), system logic (SL), illness concept (IC)] and 5 factors of CDI (low self-esteem, negative emotion, anhedonia, inefficiency, interpersonal problem). A mediation effect analysis using Bootstrap test was conducted to analyze the mediating role of negative life events between family dynamics and adolescent depressive symptoms. Results The scores for FA, SL, and IN in SSFD were negatively correlated with the total score of CDI (r=-0.359, -0.256, -0.291, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the total score of ASLEC too (r=-0.318, -0.371, -0.406, P<0.01). However, a positive correlation was observed between the total scores of ASLEC and CDI (r=0.633, P<0.01). Canonical correlation analysis between the 4 dimensions of SSFD and the 5 factors of CDI revealed one pair of statistically significant canonical variables (U1, V1) with a canonical correlation coefficient of 0.483 (P<0.05). This indicates that the canonical variable U1 of SSFD was primarily influenced by FA, while the canonical variable V1 of CDI was mainly affected by low self-esteem and interpersonal problems. The mediating analysis showed that the effects of FA, IN, and SL scores on CDI total score were all weak (-0.147, -0.117, -0.102, respectively) but statistically significant (P<0.05). The direct effect of IN and SL scores on CDI total score was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while the direct effect of FA score on CDI total score was statistically significant (-0.076, P<0.05). Additionally, the mediating effect of ASLEC between the scores of FA, IN, SL and CDI total score were all significant (-0.071, -0.095, -0.087, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusions Adolescent depressive symptoms may be influenced by systemic family dynamics characteristics and negative life events. Negative life events mediate the influence of FA, IN, and SL on depressive symptoms. However, the IC is not related to depressive symptoms in adolescents.

adolescent  /  health  /  depression  /  family relations  /  negative life event  /  mediation
周惠至, 杨舒然, 韩冬, 陈诗, 冯强, 王璐, 康传媛. 家庭动力学特征和负性生活事件与青少年抑郁症状的相关性分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2024 , 49 (12) : 1360 -1365 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1160.2024.0514
Hui-Zhi Zhou, Shu-Ran Yang, Dong Han, Shi Chen, Qiang Feng, Lu Wang, Chuan-Yuan Kang. Correlation between family dynamics characteristics and negative life events with adolescent depressive symptoms[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2024 , 49 (12) : 1360 -1365 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1160.2024.0514
近年来,抑郁症的发病年龄呈年轻化趋势,我国青少年抑郁症状的检出率高达28.4%[1]。不良的家庭环境及过多的负性生活事件(心理应激)均会影响个体的精神健康[2]。个体对应激的反应水平一方面受先天影响,如有研究证实青少年对环境的易感性存在中枢神经差异,杏仁核对负面刺激的反应水平影响青少年情绪问题的发生[3];另一方面,家庭环境也明显影响个体的心理弹性,早期成长持续暴露在消极家庭环境中的青少年更难以从负性生活事件中恢复[4]。研究发现,负性生活事件和依恋关系质量均与青少年心理健康问题相关[5],青少年在遭遇严重的负性生活事件时,不安全型依恋者抑郁症状更严重,而如果他们与父母有更好的依恋关系,则可能更好地应对这些生活事件[6]。本研究通过分析青少年抑郁症患者的家庭动力学特征与负性生活事件之间的关系,探讨家庭动力学特征是否会通过影响青少年对负性生活事件感知的强度,进而影响其抑郁症状,旨在为青少年抑郁症患者的临床治疗提供循证依据。
本研究为横断面研究。纳入2021年9月-2023年2月在同济大学附属东方医院临床心理科就诊的符合国际疾病分类(international classification of diseases,ICD)-10抑郁发作标准的青少年患者124例,其中男25例,女99例,年龄11.0~19.0(15.1±1.8)岁,发病年龄(13.0±1.9)岁。本研究获同济大学附属东方医院伦理委员会审批([2023]研审第023号),青少年及其家属均签署知情同意书。
问卷包括性别、年龄、同胞、家庭类型、样本来源、诊断、治疗情况等。家庭类型分为核心家庭(父母与子女)、大家庭(3代以上或父母同胞)及其他家庭(单亲、寄养等)。
CDI是由美国心理学家Kovacs根据贝克抑郁问卷编制的自评量表[7],是目前针对儿童青少年抑郁症广泛使用的自评量表之一。本研究中的因素划分参考柳之啸等[8]验证的5因素模型,包含低自尊、负面情绪、快感缺乏、效能低下及人际问题5个分量表,共27个条目,每个条目有3个描述抑郁程度的选项,采用0~2计分,分数越高表明抑郁程度越严重。
SSFD是杨建中等[9]根据德国海德堡小组的系统家庭动力理论及中国家庭的具体特征编制的,本研究采用的是2013年修订的第2版。量表从4个维度来反映家庭特征,包括家庭气氛(family atmosphere,FA)、个性化(individuation,IN)、系统逻辑(system logic,SL)、疾病观念(illness concept,IC),共23个条目。各条目评分采用5级评分法:
1分为完全不符合,2分为很不符合,3分为部分符合,4分为很符合,5分为完全符合。采用极差化方法赋分,即SS=(RS-Min)×100/R,其中SS(standard score)为标准分,RS(raw score)为原始分,Min(minimum)为该维度量表得分的最小值,R(range)为得分的极差,即得分最大值减去最小值。FA得分越高,家庭气氛越轻松、愉快、平等;IN得分越高,家长对子女的控制越少,子女的个性化程度越高;SL得分越高,家庭成员越倾向用“既……又……”,而非“非黑即白”式的逻辑思维看待问题;IC得分越高,患者越容易将心理疾病的患病及康复与本人的责任和主观努力联系在一起。
本研究采用2015年由辛秀红等[10]修订的版本,共26个条目,用于评定青少年在过去12个月内各类生活事件的强度及其影响程度。量表的生活事件涉及学业压力、人际关系、受惩罚、健康适应、丧失等内容。未发生评分为0分,发生后的影响程度评分为1~5分,生活事件总应激值为各项事件评分之和,得分越高表明负性生活事件强度越大。
将SSFD 4个维度得分、ASLEC总分及CDI总分之间进行双变量相关性分析。此外,采用典型相关分析SSFD 4个维度与CDI 5个因子间的相关性,其中,设SSFD各维度得分为X变量集合(X1=IN,X2=FA,X3=SL,X4=IC),组成典型变量U。CDI 5个因子分为Y变量集合(Y1=快感缺乏,Y2=负性情绪,Y3=低自尊,Y4=效能低下,Y5=人际问题),组成典型变量V。对具有统计学意义的所得典型变量做进一步分析,以标化典型变量系数推断各原变量对典型变量的影响方向和大小,以冗余分析具有统计学意义的典型变量所能解释原变量变异的比例。最后构建路径分析模型,评价负性生活事件在家庭动力学各维度与抑郁症状间的中介作用[11]
采用SPSS 25软件进行统计分析。计数资料以例(%)表示,计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示。SSFD 4个维度得分、CDI总分、ASLEC总分之间的双变量相关性采用Pearson相关分析,相关系数记为r;SSFD 4个维度与CDI 5个因子间的相关性采用典型相关分析,典型相关系数记为ρ。采用AMOS26软件对CDI总分、SSFD各维度得分、ASLEC总分之间的相互关系进行路径分析,并采用Bootstrap法检验路径系数。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
124例青少年抑郁症患者中63.7%是独生子;84.7%来源于住院患者,15.3%来源于门诊患者;64.5%为重度抑郁发作,24.2%为中度抑郁发作(表1)。
SSFD中IN、FA、SL得分与CDI总分及ASLEC总分均呈负相关(P<0.01),IC得分与CDI总分无明显相关性(P>0.05);ASLEC总分与CDI总分呈正相关(P<0.01)(表2)。
X变量集合与Y变量集合之间的典型相关分析得出4对典型相关变量,仅1对典型变量(U1和V1)有统计学意义(ρ=0.483,P=0.007)。U1的表达式U1=-0.103X1-0.656X2-0.334X3-0.257X4,表明U1主要受X2的影响,V1的表达式V1=0.081Y1-0.144Y2+0.635Y3-0.001Y4+0.580Y5,表明V1主要受Y3和Y5的影响。冗余分析结果显示具有统计学意义的1对典型相关变量中,U1解释了X变量集合总变异的48.5%,也蕴涵了Y变量集合11.1%的信息;V1解释了Y变量集合总变异的47.6%,同时蕴涵了X变量集合11.3%的信息。
根据上述相关结果,假设SSFD的FA、IN、SL得分会通过影响ASLEC的总分进一步影响CDI总分,故用Amos Graphics绘制路径分析模型图(图1)。负性生活事件在家庭动力学特征与抑郁症状间的中介作用分析结果显示,FA、IN、SL得分影响CDI总分的总效应均较弱,但均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,IN、SL得分对CDI总分的直接效应无统计学意义(P>0.05),FA得分对CDI总分的直接效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),而FA、IN、SL得分通过ASLEC总分影响CDI总分的间接效应(即中介效应)均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
良好的家庭环境是青少年重要的避风港,是面对外界压力的坚强后盾。对家庭环境特征进行描述的理论体系很多,本研究选取SSFD对家庭环境进行评估,该量表包含FA、SL、IN、IC 4个维度,从家庭气氛是否融洽、父母对子女的控制性高低、家庭看待问题的思维模式(“非黑即白”或“既……又……”)、家庭对心理问题的归因这4个方面反映家庭动力学特征。SSFD已在国内多个城市的青少年人群中使用,该量表的4个维度与青少年的心理困扰严重度(如抑郁焦虑)、自尊、幸福感等指标密切相关[12-15]
本研究相关分析结果显示,家庭动力学特征与抑郁症严重度相关,家庭气氛融洽、父母对子女控制性低、更多使用“既……又……”思维看待问题的青少年抑郁症症状轻。路径分析进一步提示,并非所有家庭动力学特征都可直接预测抑郁症状的严重程度,部分特征则需通过个体对负性生活事件的感受间接影响抑郁症状:仅FA可直接预测患者的抑郁症状严重程度,而SL和IN则不能直接预测,但三者均可通过患者对负性生活事件的感知而间接影响抑郁症状严重程度。总体来看,负性生活事件在家庭动力学特征与青少年抑郁症状潜在联系中起到中介作用,提示具有上述家庭特征的青少年在面对心理压力时可能有更大的心理弹性,能更客观包容地看待压力事件,从而缓冲心理压力的不利影响,不会产生严重的抑郁症状。本研究结果与国内其他针对家庭特征的研究结果[9,12]一致。此外也有国外研究显示,早期逆境(包含家庭环境)不能直接预测未来的抑郁症状,但可通过近期人际压力作为中介因素间接影响抑郁症状[16]。这些研究均提示家庭特征与青少年的心理健康相关,并在一定程度上证实了家庭环境可影响青少年对压力的感知、进而影响抑郁症状的假设。
既往针对SSFD量表的研究发现,家庭气氛越轻松,初中生的幸福感及自尊水平越好[13-14]、大学生焦虑抑郁症状程度越低[15]、青少年群体抑郁症状越轻[17];本研究也发现,在SSFD涵盖的4个家庭特征中,FA与抑郁症状严重度相关性最强;且典型相关分析还显示,在良好的家庭气氛下个体自尊程度更高、人际问题更少。上述结果提示,在青少年抑郁症患者的治疗中,要设法减轻家庭冲突,营造轻松温暖的家庭气氛,以缓解抑郁症状。
SSFD家庭特征中的IN和SL也与青少年抑郁症严重程度相关,家庭成员个性化程度高(父母对子女控制低)、家庭更多使用“既……又……”思维方式的患者抑郁症状轻。特别需要指出的是,青少年自我意识快速发展,在心理上不断与父母拉开距离,独立意志不断增强,此时父母如不能做出适应性的调整,依然以过分控制和侵入性的方式管理青少年,势必造成亲子冲突并削弱青少年的心理健康[18],而与父母关系较好的青少年,其成年早期的心理健康水平也会更高[19]。如赵雅宁等[20]对中学生自我分化的研究发现,自我分化水平与抑郁呈明显负相关,表明青少年自我分化水平可影响其身心健康的发展,自我分化水平较高的青少年更倾向于采用积极、客观的应对策略解决问题,能够更冷静地面对生活压力。本研究结果进一步表明,个性化问题特别值得引起重视,在治疗上也需要对家长进行充分地心理教育,并可通过家庭治疗促进合理的亲子分化,缓解亲子冲突。
本研究双变量相关性分析提示,ASLEC总分与CDI总分呈正相关,即负性生活事件强度越大,患者抑郁症状越重,这也与既往研究结果一致[21-22]。由于当代社会生活节奏快、社会竞争压力大,青少年常承受来自学业、人际关系、经济等各方面的压力。因此,合理安排学业节奏,避免不加控制地盲目给学业加码,及时帮助青少年解决应激原,同时增加青少年滋养性、休闲性的活动,也是青少年抑郁症治疗中的重要环节。
值得注意的是,海德堡学派的家庭动力学理论最初使用FA、SL、IN、IC、关系控制、关系现实及时间组织7个维度描述家庭特征,以该理论为基础编制的SSFD在国内测试后最终纳入了前4个维度。本研究结果发现,FA、IN及SL 3个维度在相关分析中显示与抑郁症严重程度相关,这一结果也在路径分析中得到验证,而IC在各个统计方法中均未得到阳性结果。此结果间接提示,与其他3个维度相比,IC的概念在我国的文化适应性还需要进一步验证。
本研究的不足之处:(1)为横断面研究,研究结果只能说明各因素之间的相关性,路径分析的结果也只是初步推断,而并非肯定的因果关系;(2)样本人群的84.7%来自临床心理科特需病房,属于经济条件较好且症状较严重的抑郁患者人群,故本研究结论不宜推广到其他群体;(3)未调查依恋类型、创伤史等指标,未能全面纳入影响患者抑郁症状的其他因素。抑郁症对青少年健康成长具有深远影响,因其致病因素复杂,治疗难度大,未来仍需要大规模人群的纵向研究进一步验证相关结论;同时,还需结合抑郁症患者的生物学指标如皮质醇、细胞因子、脑功能磁共振等,采取多因素分析探求病因,以期为临床治疗提供更多的依据。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,青少年抑郁症状可能受家庭动力学及负性生活事件的影响,且负性生活事件在家庭气氛、个性化及系统逻辑等家庭动力学特征对抑郁症状的影响中发挥中介作用。由于青少年抑郁症致病因素复杂,横断面研究仅能说明各因素间的相关性,尚需对大规模人群纳入更多因素进行纵向研究。由于家庭动力学特征及负性生活事件与青少年抑郁症状相关,在治疗中应引起重视。
  • 上海市卫生健康委员会临床研究专项面上项目(202040126)
  • 上海市卫生健康委员会临床研究专项面上项目(202140039)
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2024年第49卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1160.2024.0514
  • 接收时间:2023-09-06
  • 首发时间:2025-11-20
  • 出版时间:2024-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-06
  • 录用日期:2023-11-21
基金
General Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202040126)
上海市卫生健康委员会临床研究专项面上项目(202040126)
General Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202140039)
上海市卫生健康委员会临床研究专项面上项目(202140039)
作者信息
    1同济大学附属东方医院临床心理科,上海 200120
    2解放军联勤保障部队第920医院精神心理科,云南昆明 650100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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