Article(id=1194617493793775811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194617490446721194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0058.2024.0529, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705248000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1713888000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-24, onlineDate=1762748605439, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762748605439, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762748605439, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762748605439, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194617490446721194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='2', pageStart='123', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762748604641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762749162199, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1194619829073191185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194617490446721194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1194619829073191186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194617490446721194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=134, endPage=140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194617494074794183, articleId=1194617493793775811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Correlation of knee joint asymmetry with balance and walking ability in hemiplegic stroke patients, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the correlation of bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry with balance, walking ability, and motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients, providing a reference for clinical assessment of stroke patients. Methods A total of 46 hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang from February to December 2023 were selected. According to the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, patients were divided into Group A (BBS score ≤20, n=23) and Group B (BBS score >20, n=23). The peak torque and differences of bilateral knee flexors and extensors were compared between two groups. Isokinetic technology was used to assess the differences in peak torque of bilateral knee joints at 60°/s and 120°/s. BBS, Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) were used to evaluate patients' balance, walking ability, and lower limb motor function. The correlation between bilateral knee joint peak torque and its difference with the scores of three functional scales was analyzed. Results The peak torque of knee flexors and extensors at 60°/s in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). At both 60°/s and 120°/s the differences in peak torque between the healthy and affected sides of knee flexors and extensors were greater than those in group B (P<0.05). At 60°/s, the difference in peak torque of bilateral knee extensors in hemiplegic stroke patients was negatively correlated with the scores of BBS, FAC, and FMA-LE (r=-0.569, -0.582, -0.606, P<0.01), as did the knee flexors (r=-0.534, -0.386, -0.458, P<0.05). At 120°/s, similar negative correlations were observed for both knee extensors (r=-0.304, -0.304, -0.443, P<0.05) and flexors (r=-0.337, -0.349, -0.370, P<0.05). Conclusions Bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry in hemiplegic stroke patients is negatively correlated with balance and walking ability. The difference in strength between the two sides of knee joint may be one of the clinical indicators for evaluating the motor function of stroke patients.

, correspAuthors=Jiang Ma, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨脑卒中偏瘫患者双侧膝关节力量不对称与平衡、步行能力及运动功能的相关性,为脑卒中患者的临床评估提供参考。方法 选取2023年2-12月石家庄市人民医院康复医学科收治的脑卒中偏瘫患者46例,根据Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分将患者分为A组(BBS评分≤20分,n=23)和B组(BBS评分>20分,n=23);对比两组双侧膝关节屈伸肌峰值力矩及差值。采用等速技术评估患者在60°/s、120°/s时双侧膝关节峰值力矩的差值,采用BBS、Holden功能性步行量表(FAC)、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA-LE)评估患者平衡、步行能力及下肢运动功能,并对双侧膝关节峰值力矩及其差值与3个功能量表评分进行相关性分析。结果 A组患者60°/s时膝屈肌、膝伸肌的峰值力矩均明显小于B组(P<0.05);在60°/s、120°/s时,A组膝屈肌、膝伸肌健患两侧的峰值力矩差值均大于B组(P<0.05)。60°/s时,脑卒中偏瘫患者双侧膝伸肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.569、-0.582、-0.606,P<0.01);双侧膝屈肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.534、-0.386、-0.458,P<0.05)。120°/s时,双侧膝伸肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.304、-0.304、-0.443,P<0.05);双侧膝屈肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.337、-0.349、-0.370,P<0.05)。结论 脑卒中偏瘫患者双侧膝关节力量不对称与平衡及步行能力呈负相关,两侧力量的差值可能成为评估脑卒中患者运动功能的临床评测指标之一。

, correspAuthors=马将, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马将,E-mail:
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肖政华,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管疾病方面的临床研究

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肖政华,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管疾病方面的临床研究

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Comparison of general information between the two groups of hemiplegic stroke patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目A组(n=23)B组(n=23)χ2/t/ZP
性别[例(%)]
18(78.3)19(82.6)1.3450.246
5(21.7)4(17.4)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)47.9±13.053.4±10.4-1.8470.078
脑卒中病程 [d, M(Q1, Q3)]30(15, 65)30(16, 64)-0.3180.751
偏瘫侧 [例(%)]
右侧13(56.5)8(34.8)1.7040.192
左侧10(43.5)15(65.2)
Brunnstrom下肢分期 [例(%)]
Ⅲ期14(60.9)12(52.2)2.6990.609
Ⅳ期4(17.4)6(26.1)
Ⅴ期5(21.7)5(21.7)
BBS评分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)18.22±1.7830.87±8.506.988<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474077213264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组脑卒中患者一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目A组(n=23)B组(n=23)χ2/t/ZP
性别[例(%)]
18(78.3)19(82.6)1.3450.246
5(21.7)4(17.4)
年龄(岁, $\bar{x}±s$)47.9±13.053.4±10.4-1.8470.078
脑卒中病程 [d, M(Q1, Q3)]30(15, 65)30(16, 64)-0.3180.751
偏瘫侧 [例(%)]
右侧13(56.5)8(34.8)1.7040.192
左侧10(43.5)15(65.2)
Brunnstrom下肢分期 [例(%)]
Ⅲ期14(60.9)12(52.2)2.6990.609
Ⅳ期4(17.4)6(26.1)
Ⅴ期5(21.7)5(21.7)
BBS评分(分, $\bar{x}±s$)18.22±1.7830.87±8.506.988<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474173682258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the differences between the 60°/s knee joint peak moment, 60°/s, and 120°/s peak moment of the two groups of hemiplegic stroke patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标A组(n=23)B组(n=23)P
膝伸肌峰值力矩(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
健侧64.71±17.5579.57±23.432.6650.011
患侧38.94±17.5153.63±22.052.2880.027
膝屈肌峰值力矩(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
健侧29.46±12.8639.75±14.682.1650.036
患侧13.05±10.2423.61±9.953.1220.003
60°/s的膝两侧差值(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
膝伸肌58.58±30.2631.94±30.73-2.8930.006
膝屈肌38.30±31.2817.20±20.24-2.6390.012
120°/s的膝两侧差值(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
膝伸肌38.41±26.0718.27±25.23-2.6030.013
膝屈肌39.65±24.3822.81±19.05-2.5650.014
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474286928468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组脑卒中患者60°/s膝关节峰值力矩和60°/s、120°/s峰值力矩差值比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标A组(n=23)B组(n=23)P
膝伸肌峰值力矩(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
健侧64.71±17.5579.57±23.432.6650.011
患侧38.94±17.5153.63±22.052.2880.027
膝屈肌峰值力矩(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
健侧29.46±12.8639.75±14.682.1650.036
患侧13.05±10.2423.61±9.953.1220.003
60°/s的膝两侧差值(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
膝伸肌58.58±30.2631.94±30.73-2.8930.006
膝屈肌38.30±31.2817.20±20.24-2.6390.012
120°/s的膝两侧差值(N·m, $\bar{x}±s$)
膝伸肌38.41±26.0718.27±25.23-2.6030.013
膝屈肌39.65±24.3822.81±19.05-2.5650.014
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474404368982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Correlation analysis between 60°/s knee joint peak moment and the scores of BBS, FAC, FMA-LE in hemiplegic stroke patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数健侧膝关节伸肌健侧膝关节屈肌患侧膝关节伸肌患侧膝关节屈肌
rPrPrPrP
BBS评分0.0210.8950.1070.4900.420**0.0050.359*0.017
FAC评分0.0320.8340.2470.1060.304*0.0450.516**<0.010
FMA-LE评分0.0600.7000.0410.7930.1660.2800.391**<0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474475672152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

脑卒中患者60°/s膝关节峰值力矩与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数健侧膝关节伸肌健侧膝关节屈肌患侧膝关节伸肌患侧膝关节屈肌
rPrPrPrP
BBS评分0.0210.8950.1070.4900.420**0.0050.359*0.017
FAC评分0.0320.8340.2470.1060.304*0.0450.516**<0.010
FMA-LE评分0.0600.7000.0410.7930.1660.2800.391**<0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474551169626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Correlation analysis between 120°/s knee joint peak moment and the scores of BBS, FAC, FMA-LE in hemiplegic stroke patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数健侧膝关节伸肌健侧膝关节屈肌患侧膝关节伸肌患侧膝关节屈肌
rPrPrPrP
BBS评分0.0090.9560.1200.4400.463**0.0020.342*0.023
FAC评分0.1380.3710.1520.3240.2750.0710.579**<0.010
FMA-LE评分0.1810.2390.0360.8160.1830.2350.494**<0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474622472796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

120°/s膝关节峰值力矩与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数健侧膝关节伸肌健侧膝关节屈肌患侧膝关节伸肌患侧膝关节屈肌
rPrPrPrP
BBS评分0.0090.9560.1200.4400.463**0.0020.342*0.023
FAC评分0.1380.3710.1520.3240.2750.0710.579**<0.010
FMA-LE评分0.1810.2390.0360.8160.1830.2350.494**<0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474727330398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Correlation analysis of the difference of two sides of knee extensor muscles at 60°/s and the scores of BBS, FAC, FMA-LE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数A组+B组(n=46)A组(n=23)B组(n=23)
伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值
rsPrsPrsPrsPrsPrsP
BBS评分-0.569**<0.01-0.534**<0.010-0.233*0.026-0.461*0.027-0.700**<0.001-0.603*0.015
FAC评分-0.582**<0.01-0.386**0.010-0.605**0.002-0.4090.052-0.527**0.010-0.776**<0.001
FMA-LE评分-0.606**<0.01-0.458**0.002-0.526*0.010-0.3680.084-0.632**0.001-0.534**0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474786050656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

60°/s膝关节两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数A组+B组(n=46)A组(n=23)B组(n=23)
伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值
rsPrsPrsPrsPrsPrsP
BBS评分-0.569**<0.01-0.534**<0.010-0.233*0.026-0.461*0.027-0.700**<0.001-0.603*0.015
FAC评分-0.582**<0.01-0.386**0.010-0.605**0.002-0.4090.052-0.527**0.010-0.776**<0.001
FMA-LE评分-0.606**<0.01-0.458**0.002-0.526*0.010-0.3680.084-0.632**0.001-0.534**0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474844770914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Correlation analysis of the difference between the two sides of the knee extensor at 120°/s with the scores of BBS, FAC, FMA-LE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数A组+B组(n=46)A组(n=23)B组(n=23)
伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值
rsPrsPrsPrsPrsPrsP
BBS评分-0.304*0.045-0.337*0.0360.0050.981-0.1530.487-0.534**0.009-0.2520.246
FAC评分-0.304*0.045-0.349*0.020-0.1460.5070.0170.938-0.3780.076-0.2240.304
FMA-LE评分-0.443**0.003-0.370*0.0130.1090.6220.0920.676-0.429*0.041-0.1100.619
), ArticleFig(id=1194646474903491172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194617493793775811, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

120°/s下膝关节两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数A组+B组(n=46)A组(n=23)B组(n=23)
伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值伸肌两侧差值屈肌两侧差值
rsPrsPrsPrsPrsPrsP
BBS评分-0.304*0.045-0.337*0.0360.0050.981-0.1530.487-0.534**0.009-0.2520.246
FAC评分-0.304*0.045-0.349*0.020-0.1460.5070.0170.938-0.3780.076-0.2240.304
FMA-LE评分-0.443**0.003-0.370*0.0130.1090.6220.0920.676-0.429*0.041-0.1100.619
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脑卒中偏瘫患者膝关节不对称性与平衡及步行能力的相关性分析
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肖政华 1, 2 , 马将 1, * , 李红 1 , 王方 2 , 郭立颖 3 , 陶晓琳 1 , 张峰 4 , 李亚永 1 , 闫晓丽 5
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025,50(2): 134-140
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025, 50(2): 134-140
脑卒中偏瘫患者膝关节不对称性与平衡及步行能力的相关性分析
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肖政华1, 2, 马将1, * , 李红1, 王方2, 郭立颖3, 陶晓琳1, 张峰4, 李亚永1, 闫晓丽5
作者信息
  • 1石家庄市人民医院康复医学科,河北石家庄 050011
  • 2河北师范大学体育学院,河北石家庄 050024
  • 3华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北唐山 063210
  • 4河北医科大学第三医院康复医学科,河北石家庄 050051
  • 5河北医科大学第三医院骨科中心,河北石家庄 050051
  • 肖政华,硕士研究生,主要从事脑血管疾病方面的临床研究

通讯作者:

马将,E-mail:
Correlation of knee joint asymmetry with balance and walking ability in hemiplegic stroke patients
Zheng-Hua Xiao1, 2, Jiang Ma1, * , Hong Li1, Fang Wang2, Li-Ying Guo3, Xiao-Lin Tao1, Feng Zhang4, Ya-Yong Li1, Xiao-Li Yan5
Affiliations
  • 1Rehabilitation Medicine Department, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
  • 2School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
  • 3School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 4Rehabilitation Medicine Department, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
  • 5Orthopedics Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0058.2024.0529
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目的 探讨脑卒中偏瘫患者双侧膝关节力量不对称与平衡、步行能力及运动功能的相关性,为脑卒中患者的临床评估提供参考。方法 选取2023年2-12月石家庄市人民医院康复医学科收治的脑卒中偏瘫患者46例,根据Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分将患者分为A组(BBS评分≤20分,n=23)和B组(BBS评分>20分,n=23);对比两组双侧膝关节屈伸肌峰值力矩及差值。采用等速技术评估患者在60°/s、120°/s时双侧膝关节峰值力矩的差值,采用BBS、Holden功能性步行量表(FAC)、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA-LE)评估患者平衡、步行能力及下肢运动功能,并对双侧膝关节峰值力矩及其差值与3个功能量表评分进行相关性分析。结果 A组患者60°/s时膝屈肌、膝伸肌的峰值力矩均明显小于B组(P<0.05);在60°/s、120°/s时,A组膝屈肌、膝伸肌健患两侧的峰值力矩差值均大于B组(P<0.05)。60°/s时,脑卒中偏瘫患者双侧膝伸肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.569、-0.582、-0.606,P<0.01);双侧膝屈肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.534、-0.386、-0.458,P<0.05)。120°/s时,双侧膝伸肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.304、-0.304、-0.443,P<0.05);双侧膝屈肌峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.337、-0.349、-0.370,P<0.05)。结论 脑卒中偏瘫患者双侧膝关节力量不对称与平衡及步行能力呈负相关,两侧力量的差值可能成为评估脑卒中患者运动功能的临床评测指标之一。

脑卒中  /  膝关节  /  力量不对称  /  平衡  /  步行能力

Objective To explore the correlation of bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry with balance, walking ability, and motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients, providing a reference for clinical assessment of stroke patients. Methods A total of 46 hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang from February to December 2023 were selected. According to the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, patients were divided into Group A (BBS score ≤20, n=23) and Group B (BBS score >20, n=23). The peak torque and differences of bilateral knee flexors and extensors were compared between two groups. Isokinetic technology was used to assess the differences in peak torque of bilateral knee joints at 60°/s and 120°/s. BBS, Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) were used to evaluate patients' balance, walking ability, and lower limb motor function. The correlation between bilateral knee joint peak torque and its difference with the scores of three functional scales was analyzed. Results The peak torque of knee flexors and extensors at 60°/s in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). At both 60°/s and 120°/s the differences in peak torque between the healthy and affected sides of knee flexors and extensors were greater than those in group B (P<0.05). At 60°/s, the difference in peak torque of bilateral knee extensors in hemiplegic stroke patients was negatively correlated with the scores of BBS, FAC, and FMA-LE (r=-0.569, -0.582, -0.606, P<0.01), as did the knee flexors (r=-0.534, -0.386, -0.458, P<0.05). At 120°/s, similar negative correlations were observed for both knee extensors (r=-0.304, -0.304, -0.443, P<0.05) and flexors (r=-0.337, -0.349, -0.370, P<0.05). Conclusions Bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry in hemiplegic stroke patients is negatively correlated with balance and walking ability. The difference in strength between the two sides of knee joint may be one of the clinical indicators for evaluating the motor function of stroke patients.

stroke  /  knee joint  /  strength asymmetry  /  balance  /  walking ability
肖政华, 马将, 李红, 王方, 郭立颖, 陶晓琳, 张峰, 李亚永, 闫晓丽. 脑卒中偏瘫患者膝关节不对称性与平衡及步行能力的相关性分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (2) : 134 -140 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0058.2024.0529
Zheng-Hua Xiao, Jiang Ma, Hong Li, Fang Wang, Li-Ying Guo, Xiao-Lin Tao, Feng Zhang, Ya-Yong Li, Xiao-Li Yan. Correlation of knee joint asymmetry with balance and walking ability in hemiplegic stroke patients[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (2) : 134 -140 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0058.2024.0529
脑卒中是全球范围内致死和致残的主要疾病之一[1]。据估计,全球有超过8000万脑卒中幸存者,他们作为高危人群,是临床二级预防的重点[2-5]。在我国,70%~80%的脑卒中幸存者遗留不同程度的残疾,偏瘫为其常见症状[6],这是由于脑卒中患者中枢神经系统受损后,中枢模式生成器(central pattern generator,CPG)的神经回路受阻,导致运动系统整体失调,从而影响步态及下肢力量的对称性,使肢体只能通过不对称的运动以适应行走。偏瘫会严重影响患者的日常生活,同时增加跌倒等二次受伤的风险[7]。研究显示,肌肉力量的不对称是导致双侧肢体运动不对称的重要原因[8-11]。因此,当一侧肢体受损时,可采用双侧肢体肌肉力量对称发展作为评定运动功能恢复的一个指标[12-13]。在临床康复治疗中,不仅要关注脑卒中患者患侧肢体的训练,还应关注双侧肢体力量的不对称。目前,已有大量研究关注脑卒中患者大脑受损对侧的肢体训练情况,但国内外关于脑卒中患者双侧下肢力量不对称的研究报道较少[14]。本研究采用等速仪器评估脑卒中偏瘫患者膝关节两侧最大肌肉力量的差值,并分析其与平衡、步行能力及运动功能的相关性,旨在为卒中偏瘫患者的评估和康复训练提供参考依据。
选取2023年2-12月石家庄市人民医院康复医学科收治的脑卒中患者共46例作为研究对象。入选标准:(1)符合2019版《中国各类主要脑血管病诊断要点》[15]中关于脑梗死或脑出血的诊断标准,并经头颅CT或MRI检查判断为首次发病;(2)为单侧半球病灶;(3)病程≤3个月;(4)偏瘫侧下肢Brunnstrom分期Ⅲ期或以上,坐位平衡达2级或以上,站位平衡达1级或以上。排除标准:(1)腰椎疾病;(2)主被动关节活动度严重受限;(3)存在严重视听、言语或认知功能障碍;(4)既往存在骨折等影响下肢运动功能的疾病;(5)下肢深静脉血栓;(6)存在膝骨关节炎等基础疾病。
入科当天由专门的康复治疗师对患者进行功能评估与等速肌力测试,根据Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分将患者分为A组(BBS评分≤20分,n=23)与B组(BBS评分>20分,n=23)。本研究获石家庄市人民医院伦理委员会审批(院科伦审[2023]第100号)。
应用Biodex system 4 型多关节等速肌力测试和训练系统(美国BIODEX 公司)。受试者取坐位,调整座椅和靠背的位置和角度,采用腰带及双肩交叉带固定,取膝关节配件安装在多关节等速测试训练系统的动力头上,调整等速系统令受试者股骨外侧髁正对动力仪运动轴心,用膝关节配件运动臂自带的固定带将小腿固定(固定带下缘置于受试者外踝上方),并对受试者肢体称重,以消除地心引力的作用。打开等速测试系统,评估前对膝关节进行被动关节活动,检查患者在关节活动范围内有无不适,避免关节损伤。在60°/s、120°/s时让受试者进行向心/向心膝屈肌、膝伸肌收缩。每组评估结束后给受试者提供适当的休息时间,以避免疲劳对结果产生影响。评估结束后,生成患者的评估报告。记录患者60°/s时双侧膝关节的峰值力矩(peak torque,PT),60°/s、120°/s向心/向心模式下膝屈肌、膝伸肌健患两侧的差值。以其双侧的差值反映健患两侧力量不对称的程度[16-18]
(1)BBS量表。该量表包括14个项目,每项得分由低到高为0~4分,总分为56分。总分值越低,表示平衡功能障碍越严重,总分<40分提示患者有跌倒的危险。本量表适合评估能坐起和行走的患者。BBS量表是脑卒中患者平衡功能的常用评估量表,具有良好的信度和效度[19]。(2)Holden功能性步行量表(functional ambulation category scale,FAC)。FAC评估结果为0-5级,级数越高说明患者步行能力越好。此量表也可采用分类方式表述:Ⅰ级,需大量持续性的帮助;Ⅱ级,需少量帮助;Ⅲ级,需监护或言语指导;Ⅳ级,可平地上独立行走;Ⅴ级,可完全独立行走。FAC可用于评估脑卒中患者步行能力,是国内康复医学的诊疗规范之一[20]。(3)Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(Fugl-Meyer motor assessment,FMA)的下肢部分(FMA-LE)。FMA-LE包括17个小项,每小项评分0~2分,最高34分,得分越高,提示下肢运动功能越好。在脑卒中康复过程中,FMA可帮助医师、治疗师了解患者的康复情况,还可评估不同治疗方法对患者功能恢复的影响[21]
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。计量资料行Shapiro-Wilk's正态性检验,其中,符合正态分布时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;不符合正态分布时以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。若数据符合正态分布,相关性分析采用Pearson相关,不符合正态分布则采用Spearman相关。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共纳入脑卒中患者46例,其中男37例,女9例;年龄(50.6±11.9)岁,病程(44.57±29.82) d;其中脑出血10例,脑梗死36例;左侧偏瘫25例,右侧偏瘫21例。
A组与B组各纳入23例,两组年龄、性别、脑卒中病程、偏瘫侧、Brunnstrom下肢分期比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。在60°/s时,A组膝屈肌、膝伸肌的峰值力矩均小于B组的峰值力矩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在60°/s、120°/s时,A组膝屈肌、膝伸肌健患两侧的峰值力矩差值均大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。
在60°/s时脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧膝关节伸肌峰值力矩与BBS和FAC评分呈正相关(r=0.420,P<0.01;r=0.304,P<0.05);患侧膝关节屈肌峰值力矩与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈正相关(r=0.359、0.516、0.391,P<0.05或P<0.01,表3)。
在120°/s时脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧膝关节伸肌峰值力矩与BBS呈正相关(r=0.463,P<0.01);患侧膝关节屈肌峰值力矩与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈正相关(r=0.342、0.579、0.494,P<0.05或P<0.01,表4)。
60°/s时膝伸肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.569、-0.582、-0.606,P<0.01);膝屈肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.534、-0.386、-0.458,P<0.05)。两组差值与3个量表评分的相关性分析结果,与整体相关性分析结果相似,且B组的相关性大于A组(表5)。
相关性分析结果显示,120°/s时膝伸肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.304、-0.304、-0.443,P<0.05或P<0.01);膝屈肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关(r=-0.337、-0.349、-0.370,P<0.05);将两组差值分别与3个量表评分进行相关性分析,结果显示,B组的伸肌峰值力矩差值与BBS和FMA-LE评分呈负相关(r=-0.534、-0.429,P<0.01或P<0.05)(表6)。
脑卒中幸存者中约35%腿部功能无法恢复,20%~25%无法自主行走[22]且多数存在站立相的膝过伸问题[23]。而下肢运动功能是患者回归正常生活的前提与基础,与其独立行走和日常生活活动等密切相关[24]。在临床康复中,医护人员多关注患侧肢体的恢复,较少注意患者双侧肢体间的不平衡、不对称。然而,肢体不对称的运动模式是脑卒中偏瘫患者的常见运动缺陷[25]。目前,脑卒中偏瘫患者双下肢力量的不对称是一大难题,可能是影响其运动功能恢复的重要因素。
肢体间的不对称性是指身体两侧肢体(上肢或下肢)之间的发展、形态或功能存在不均匀或不一致的情况。这种不对称性可涉及肌肉力量、运动范围、形态结构等方面的差异[26]。下肢肌肉力量的不对称通常是指双侧下肢同名肌的力量不均衡、不一致。脑卒中导致脑血管突然中断或破裂,损害了相关区域的神经细胞,导致身体一侧运动和感觉功能受损,从而使患者在康复过程中出现肌肉力量的不对称[27]。患者脑损伤的情况不同,双侧肌肉力量的降低也是不对称的[28]。脑卒中患者下肢肌肉力量的对称性对于维持正常姿势、减少损伤风险及提高生活质量至关重要,因此,在康复过程中追求双侧肌肉力量的对称性是一个重要目标[29-31]
目前,肌力平衡已经成为运动康复、运动医学等领域的研究热点。在运动医学领域,多采用等速肌力与表面肌电图等指标评估双侧肢体力量的平衡。在等速仪器中,双侧肢体肌力的平衡性评定主要采用双侧同名肌群峰值力矩差异表示[32];通常选取低角速度下的峰值力矩进行最大肌力评定,选取高角速度下的总功进行肌肉耐力评定[33]。在等速肌力测试的力学指标中,峰值力矩尤为稳定,且具有较高的准确性和可重复性,被视为等速肌力测试的黄金指标[34]。本研究中,只选择60°/s进行两组峰值力矩比较,是基于脑卒中患者的关节很难产生更快速动作的考虑,如选取的角速度较大,脑卒中患者最大肌肉力量评估的准确度可能降低[35]。本研究中的不对称性是以膝关节在进行屈曲、伸展最大肌肉收缩力量测试时左右峰值力矩的差值来表示;该差值可反映身体左、右两侧的力量平衡,是肢体产生精确动作的基础[32]。本研究中,左右两侧峰值力矩的差值选择临床等速肌力测试常用的60°/s、120°/s两个角速度,主要是基于肌肉生理特征的考虑;在60°/s时肌肉多以慢肌纤维进行活动,而120°/s时则多以快肌纤维进行活动[36-37];与峰值力矩只选择60°/s不同,差值主要反映的是两侧肌肉的失衡状态,进行快肌纤维主导的最大力量测试的差值与进行慢肌纤维主导的肌耐力测试的差值意义不同,因此选择了两个具有代表意义的角速度[38]。通过评估两种角速度下的肌肉力量可提供对不同肌纤维主导的运动能力的评估。临床肌力评估多采用徒手检查法,虽然操作简便,但存在依赖评估者主观经验、可重复性低等不足。等速肌力测试可精确量化被测关节周围肌群的肌力,以双下肢峰值力矩的差值来表现不对称性能更直观、严谨地反映患者肌力失衡的程度。
近年来,国内外学者针对肢体不对称开展了众多研究。Lou等[39]认为在运动过程中,如果双侧肢体存在差异,将会因为过度代偿而使一侧肢体过早疲劳。全俊等[40]发现了膝关节屈伸肌的不对称,且等速仪器评估的H/Q值与患者的平衡能力、步行能力等具有相关性。Brandstater等[41]认为,双侧力量指标的对比较单侧力量值指标变化更好地表现脑卒中后运动的不对称性。Pyoria等[42]发现,肢体负重的不对称与脑卒中偏瘫患者的站立平衡有关。还有研究显示,脑卒中患者肢体两侧不对称模式会增加能量消耗,随着时间推移,肢体间的不对称可能会导致整体活动水平下降的风险[43-44]。Drijkoningen等[45]认为,肌肉力量的不对称可能预示着平衡能力变差及运动功能障碍的加剧。但目前尚未见脑卒中患者的力量不对称与其他运动功能指标的相关性研究报道。
本研究结果显示,B组健患两侧的膝屈肌、膝伸肌峰值力矩均高于A组,提示脑卒中患者的平衡能力与双下肢的力量存在相关性,双下肢力量越好,平衡能力越好;A组在60°/s、120°/s时膝屈肌、膝伸肌的双侧峰值力矩差值明显大于B组,提示脑卒中患者的平衡能力越好,膝关节双侧力量的差值越小。本研究结果显示,60°/s时膝伸肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关,膝屈肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关;120°/s时膝伸肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关,膝屈肌两侧峰值力矩差值与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分均呈负相关,提示脑卒中患者膝伸肌、膝屈肌的峰值力矩差值越小,则平衡能力、步行能力和运动功能也越强。在60°/s、120°/s两个不同角速度下所做的相关性分析结果相似,但60°/s时的相关系数大于120°/s时的相关系数,这可能与60°/s时评估的准确度更高有关[46]。本研究进一步将60°/s、120°/s时的峰值力矩差值分别与A组、B组进行相关性分析,结果显示,B组的相关性大于A组的相关性,且伸肌峰值力矩差值的相关性大于屈肌峰值力矩差值的相关性,提示与脑卒中患者的下肢伸肌共同模式有关,侧面验证了在下肢功能活动中伸肌的力量占主导地位。这可能与为低分组的患者因平衡能力较差,干扰因素较多有关。60°/s、120°/s时膝关节峰值力矩与其他功能指标的相关性分析结果显示,在60°/s时患者患侧膝伸肌峰值力矩与BBS、FAC评分呈正相关(P<0.05);患侧膝屈肌峰值力矩与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分呈正相关(P<0.01)。在120°/s时脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧膝伸肌峰值力矩与BBS评分呈正相关(r=0.463,P<0.05);患侧膝屈肌峰值力矩与BBS、FAC和FMA-LE评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。以上结果提示脑卒中患者的平衡能力、步行能力、下肢运动功能主要与患侧肢体的肌肉力量相关,患侧肌肉力量越大,下肢的平衡能力、步行能力及运动功能越好。
综上所述,脑卒中患者的膝关节双侧力量不对称会影响下肢的平衡能力、步行能力及运动功能。60°/s、120°/s时膝屈肌、膝伸肌健患两侧力量的差值很可能是脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡能力、步行能力恢复的潜在影响因素,有望成为评估脑卒中患者运动功能的临床指标之一;因60°/s时的相关系数更高,故选择60°/s时的差值更具代表性。在临床上,脑卒中患者入院、康复中期、康复结束时应对患者健患两侧下肢进行评估,关注患者两侧力量差值的变化,从而更好地跟进、更新患者的康复治疗方案。随着时间的推移,部分脑卒中偏瘫患者的力量和运动功能可能有明显改善,但仍会存在肢体力量的持续性不对称,此时需要患者学习回归社会的适应性策略,即利用他们已有的力量和协调能力来完成日常活动。在肢体不对称的前提下,仍然有望做到独立生活,提高生活质量。
本研究尚存在以下局限:(1)样本量较小,研究结果可能存在一定偏倚,未来需要大样本的数据进行前瞻性研究,做更精确的相关性分析;(2)患者的平衡能力、步行能力及运动功能的评估均以量表进行评估,不够全面;(3)仅为临床研究,其相关机制尚不清楚;(4)仅开展了两个不同角速度的相关性分析,未继续细化观察双侧力量的差值与其他指标的相关性。因此,今后应在本研究的基础上进一步探究膝关节双侧力量不对称性的影响,以更好地为临床康复治疗提供参考依据。
  • 河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20240424)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0058.2024.0529
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
  • 录用日期:2024-04-24
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Scientific Research Program of Medical Science in Hebei Province(20240424)
河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20240424)
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    1石家庄市人民医院康复医学科,河北石家庄 050011
    2河北师范大学体育学院,河北石家庄 050024
    3华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北唐山 063210
    4河北医科大学第三医院康复医学科,河北石家庄 050051
    5河北医科大学第三医院骨科中心,河北石家庄 050051

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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