Article(id=1194613943642591620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194613942065533315, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0036.2024.0620, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1704729600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1712073600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-03, onlineDate=1762747759015, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762747759015, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762747759015, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762747759015, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194613942065533315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='365', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762747758641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762749141462, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1194619742100103439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194613942065533315, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1194619742100103440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194613942065533315, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=318, endPage=323, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194613943860695431, articleId=1194613943642591620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Spinal cord infarction complicated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a case report and literature review, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and management strategies of spinal infarction (SCI) combined with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods We report a case of SCI induced by cardiopulmonary arrest in a patient admitted to the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command in June 2021. A review of the relevant literature published in PubMed and CNKI from January 2014 to March 2024, was conducted to summarize the etiology, features, and treatment approaches for SCI. Results The patient presented with clinical features of quadriplegia accompanied by paresthesia, lumbar and cervical pain with paresthesia, dysphagia, dysphonia, and urinary and fecal incontinence. Spinal MRI revealed abnormal signals in the anterior and lateral columns at the C2-T1 spinal level, with no enhancement observed in contrast-enhanced scan. The patient was diagnosed as SCI combined with HIE, and was treated with antiplatelet therapy and rehabilitation. Literature review revealed that SCI is a rare central nervous system disease with multiple causes, often related to aortic surgery or pathology, presenting with segmental sensory disturbances among other clinical manifestations. MRI plays a significant role in its diagnosis, and there is currently no specific effective treatment available. Conclusions SCI has a sudden onset and is often insidious, frequently accompanying other diseases, leading to a high risk of misdiagnosis. In this case, SCI was considered to be caused by low blood pressure and vertebral artery tenuity. Clinical manifestations include paraplegia at the lesion level along with back/neck pain or limb paresthesia. Diagnosis primarily relies on MRI imaging while treatment involves secondary stroke prevention measures, rehabilitation training, complication prevention strategies as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Xiao Ni, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病的临床特点与诊治对策。方法 报道解放军南部战区总医院2021年6月收治的1例心跳呼吸骤停引发脊髓梗死患者的病例资料,并复习PubMed、中国知网2014年1月-2024年3月发表的相关文献,总结脊髓梗死的病因、特征和治疗方案。结果 本病例临床特征为四肢无力伴麻木,腰背部疼痛麻木,吞咽、言语困难,大小便障碍;MRI检查提示颈2-胸1水平脊髓前索及外侧索异常信号,增强扫描未见强化;诊断为脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病,给予抗血小板和康复治疗。复习文献发现,脊髓梗死是中枢神经系统的罕见疾病,病因较多,多由主动脉手术或主动脉病变引起,具有节段性感觉障碍等多种临床表现,MRI可在其诊断中发挥重要作用,但目前尚缺少特效的治疗方法。结论 脊髓梗死发病急,起病隐匿,多与其他疾病相伴行,容易漏诊误诊。本病例脊髓梗死原因考虑低血压和椎动脉纤细引起,主要临床表现为病变平面下截瘫,四肢无力伴麻木,腰背部疼痛麻木;诊断首选MRI,治疗包括卒中二级预防、康复训练、预防并发症及高压氧治疗等。

, correspAuthors=倪啸晓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
倪啸晓,E-mail:
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谢晓娟,医学硕士,主要从事神经重症康复及高压氧医学方面的研究

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谢晓娟,医学硕士,主要从事神经重症康复及高压氧医学方面的研究

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Clin Med (Lond), 2023, 23(4): 425-426., articleTitle=Unilateral upper cervical cord infarction in Opalski's syndrome caused by spontaneous vertebral artery dissection, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194634204697825311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194634204706213920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, companyId=1194634204697825311, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194634204714602529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, companyId=1194634204697825311, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=解放军南部战区总医院高压氧康复科,广东广州 510010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194634207474454590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=MRI plain scan on the head of a patient with spinal cord infarction combined with ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy, figureFileSmall=fcFLWdA8o3uVCwn+m6vU0w==, figureFileBig=CMVgZT/ckweh4+54PbH3oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634207541563455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, language=CN, label=图1, caption=脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病1例头颅MRI平扫影像

箭头示双侧基底节区、枕叶对称性斑片状稍高信号;A、B. MRI T2加权像(T2WI);C. MRI弥散加权成像(DWI)

, figureFileSmall=fcFLWdA8o3uVCwn+m6vU0w==, figureFileBig=CMVgZT/ckweh4+54PbH3oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634207617060928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Plain scan of cervical MRI of a patient with spinal cord infarction combined with ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy, figureFileSmall=uinDzC1CS7bna3W+8vdejA==, figureFileBig=0JwikmhZh6ipOvJqkJICDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634207684169793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, language=CN, label=图2, caption=脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病1例颈髓MRI平扫影像

A. 矢状位MRI T2加权像(T2WI)示颈2-胸1水平脊髓异常信号,箭头示“铅笔征”;B. 矢状位T1WI示脊髓异常信号(箭头处);C. 矢状位T1增强示脊髓异常信号未强化(箭头处);D. 冠状位T2WI示颈2-胸1水平脊髓前索及外侧索异常信号(箭头处);E. 横断位示脊髓梗死呈“蛇眼征”(箭头所示)

, figureFileSmall=uinDzC1CS7bna3W+8vdejA==, figureFileBig=0JwikmhZh6ipOvJqkJICDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634207751278658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Vertebral artery CTA reconstruction shows left vertebral artery stenosis, figureFileSmall=O9Q8nfjuZtBY+TnQWmm13Q==, figureFileBig=d68QUcIJf5JVSPDjileV4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634207809998915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613943642591620, language=CN, label=图3, caption=椎动脉CTA重建示左椎动脉纤细(箭头所示)

A. 左侧椎动脉纤细处直径2.0 mm;B. 右侧椎动脉纤细处直径4.7 mm

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脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病1例报道并文献复习
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谢晓娟 , 张海艳 , 郭叶群 , 倪啸晓 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025,50(3): 318-323
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025, 50(3): 318-323
脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病1例报道并文献复习
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谢晓娟, 张海艳, 郭叶群, 倪啸晓*
作者信息
  • 解放军南部战区总医院高压氧康复科,广东广州 510010
  • 谢晓娟,医学硕士,主要从事神经重症康复及高压氧医学方面的研究

通讯作者:

倪啸晓,E-mail:
Spinal cord infarction complicated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a case report and literature review
Xiao-Juan Xie, Hai-Yan Zhang, Ye-Qun Guo, Xiao-Xiao Ni*
Affiliations
  • Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0036.2024.0620
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目的 探讨脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病的临床特点与诊治对策。方法 报道解放军南部战区总医院2021年6月收治的1例心跳呼吸骤停引发脊髓梗死患者的病例资料,并复习PubMed、中国知网2014年1月-2024年3月发表的相关文献,总结脊髓梗死的病因、特征和治疗方案。结果 本病例临床特征为四肢无力伴麻木,腰背部疼痛麻木,吞咽、言语困难,大小便障碍;MRI检查提示颈2-胸1水平脊髓前索及外侧索异常信号,增强扫描未见强化;诊断为脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病,给予抗血小板和康复治疗。复习文献发现,脊髓梗死是中枢神经系统的罕见疾病,病因较多,多由主动脉手术或主动脉病变引起,具有节段性感觉障碍等多种临床表现,MRI可在其诊断中发挥重要作用,但目前尚缺少特效的治疗方法。结论 脊髓梗死发病急,起病隐匿,多与其他疾病相伴行,容易漏诊误诊。本病例脊髓梗死原因考虑低血压和椎动脉纤细引起,主要临床表现为病变平面下截瘫,四肢无力伴麻木,腰背部疼痛麻木;诊断首选MRI,治疗包括卒中二级预防、康复训练、预防并发症及高压氧治疗等。

脊髓梗死  /  脊髓前动脉综合征  /  脊髓缺血  /  缺血缺氧性脑病

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and management strategies of spinal infarction (SCI) combined with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods We report a case of SCI induced by cardiopulmonary arrest in a patient admitted to the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command in June 2021. A review of the relevant literature published in PubMed and CNKI from January 2014 to March 2024, was conducted to summarize the etiology, features, and treatment approaches for SCI. Results The patient presented with clinical features of quadriplegia accompanied by paresthesia, lumbar and cervical pain with paresthesia, dysphagia, dysphonia, and urinary and fecal incontinence. Spinal MRI revealed abnormal signals in the anterior and lateral columns at the C2-T1 spinal level, with no enhancement observed in contrast-enhanced scan. The patient was diagnosed as SCI combined with HIE, and was treated with antiplatelet therapy and rehabilitation. Literature review revealed that SCI is a rare central nervous system disease with multiple causes, often related to aortic surgery or pathology, presenting with segmental sensory disturbances among other clinical manifestations. MRI plays a significant role in its diagnosis, and there is currently no specific effective treatment available. Conclusions SCI has a sudden onset and is often insidious, frequently accompanying other diseases, leading to a high risk of misdiagnosis. In this case, SCI was considered to be caused by low blood pressure and vertebral artery tenuity. Clinical manifestations include paraplegia at the lesion level along with back/neck pain or limb paresthesia. Diagnosis primarily relies on MRI imaging while treatment involves secondary stroke prevention measures, rehabilitation training, complication prevention strategies as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

spinal cord infarction  /  anterior spinal artery syndrome  /  spinal cord ischemia  /  ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy
谢晓娟, 张海艳, 郭叶群, 倪啸晓. 脊髓梗死合并缺血缺氧性脑病1例报道并文献复习. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (3) : 318 -323 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0036.2024.0620
Xiao-Juan Xie, Hai-Yan Zhang, Ye-Qun Guo, Xiao-Xiao Ni. Spinal cord infarction complicated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a case report and literature review[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (3) : 318 -323 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0036.2024.0620
脊髓梗死(spinal cord infarction,SCI)是一种临床表现差异较大的罕见疾病,约占所有脑卒中的1.2%。脊髓梗死多发生在脊髓前动脉区域,导致脊髓前动脉综合征(anterior spinal artery syndrome,ASAS)[1-2]。现报道解放军南部战区总医院2021年6月收治的1例因心跳呼吸骤停引起缺血缺氧性脑病合并脊髓梗死的患者并进行文献复习,以期加深对脊髓梗死的认识,减少误诊和漏诊。
患者,女,33岁,因“四肢无力伴言语不能1月余”入院。2021年5月7日21时无明显诱因出现呼吸困难,双上肢麻木,随即出现双下肢乏力,呈进行性加重,无意识不清、抽搐、大小便失禁等;急送当地医院,21:30到达医院后,神志尚清,可步行入院。既往体健,否认高血压、糖尿病、冠心病史及手术史、遗传病史。患者发病前减肥2周,未规律进食,体重减轻约5 kg。当时查体:神清,查体配合,肺部听诊呼吸音粗,双下肺少量湿啰音;心脏听诊律齐,心率快,无杂音及额外心音;双上肢感觉麻木,肌力4+级,双下肢肌力3级,病理征未引出。急查头颅CT未见异常;肺动脉CT血管成像(CTA)提示双下肺炎症,血管无异常;心电图提示窦性心动过速。检查过程中出现非喷射性呕吐数次,吐出胃内容物。5月8日2:30,患者出现呼之不应,大小便失禁,呼吸、心率及血压无异常;凌晨5:00出现张口呼吸、大小便失禁;8:30急查头颅MRI,期间出现嘴唇发绀、口吐白沫,呼吸心搏骤停,立即给予心肺复苏,经口气管插管,约10 min后患者恢复自主心律,但仍昏迷,转入ICU监护,予抗感染、脱水降颅压及维持水电解质平衡等支持治疗。5月10日清醒后继续呼吸机辅助呼吸,出现四肢无力伴麻木,转诊于另一所三级综合医院。5月12日复查头颅CT提示脑实质弥漫肿胀,密度轻度降低,以脑白质显著;继续予抗感染、营养神经、脱水降颅压、抑酸及康复训练等综合治疗。5月12日行气管切开,6月2日成功脱机;6月12日出现呼吸性酸中毒,重新上机;6月18日停用呼吸机。因四肢无力伴麻木,腰背部疼痛麻木,吞咽、言语困难,大小便障碍,于2021年6月21日收入解放军南部战区总医院高压氧康复科治疗。
体温36.7 ℃,脉搏123次/min,呼吸22次/min,血压114/83 mmHg,鼻饲管、尿管固定通畅在位。气管造口状态,不能言语,标准吞咽功能评估量表(standard swallowing assessment,SSA)评分30分。神志清楚,认知粗测无明显异常。双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3 mm,对光反射灵敏,双眼视物较发病前模糊,余脑神经检查无异常。双肺呼吸音正常,未闻及干湿啰音,心率快,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。腹部平软,肠鸣音正常,无压痛及反跳痛。四肢感觉麻木,浅感觉减退,深感觉正常,复合感觉存在。膀胱区无明显尿意,大便无便意。双上肢近端肌力0级,远端肌力2级,手握力1级;双下肢近端肌力1级,远端肌力2级。四肢肌张力稍高,改良阿什沃思量表评定1级。双侧肱二、三头肌肌腱反射减弱,膝、跟腱反射减弱,双侧霍夫曼征、罗索利莫征阳性。双侧巴宾斯基征阴性,克尼格征阴性,颈部较硬,脑膜刺激征无法检查。诊断:(1)缺血缺氧性脑病;(2)心肺复苏术后;(3)肺部感染;(4)气管造口状态。
体感诱发电位检查提示双上肢及左下肢大致正常,右下肢腘窝电位波形分化欠佳,潜伏期正常,皮质电位波形分化不清,考虑右下肢中枢神经受损。超声心动图未见明显异常,心电图提示窦性心动过速,膈肌超声提示双侧膈肌功能减弱(左侧增厚率9%,移动度约5 mm;右侧增厚率13%,移动度约8 mm)。头颅+脊髓MRI检查提示小脑萎缩、缺血缺氧性脑病影像学表现(图1),颈2-胸1水平脊髓前索及外侧索异常信号,增强扫描未见强化,余脊髓信号尚均匀(图2)。颈部血管、升主动脉、降主动脉CTA检查显示左侧椎动脉纤细(图3)。尿便常规、电解质、肝肾功能、脑钠肽前体、风湿免疫、血管炎四项、糖化血红蛋白、凝血功能、甲功5项及红细胞沉降率均未见明显异常。6月25日腰椎穿刺检查结果示:无色透明脑脊液,压力205 mmH2O,白细胞计数1.60×106/L,红细胞计数67.00×106/L,脑脊液免疫蛋白IgM 0.638 mg/L、IgG 24.000 mg/L、白蛋白154.000 mg/L、IgA 2.020 mg/L、蛋白质0.21 g/L,潘台试验阴性,氯117 mmol/L,血糖4.22 mmol/L。7月22腰椎穿刺检查结果示:无色透明脑脊液,压力200 mmH2O,脑脊液常规生化未见明显异常。脑脊液及血清自身免疫性周围神经病24项、乙酰胆碱受体抗体、免疫球蛋白G均阴性;抗水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体、抗髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体(MOG)、抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)抗体、抗髓鞘碱性蛋白抗体(MBP)均阴性。最终诊断为:(1)脊髓梗死,脊髓前动脉综合征(颈2-胸1水平);(2)缺血缺氧性脑病;(3)心肺复苏术后;(4)肺部感染;(5)关闭气管造口。
6月21日给予甲钴胺营养神经,兰索拉唑抑酸,头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠抗感染,银杏叶滴丸改善循环及盐酸普萘洛尔控制心率等治疗。并行高压氧治疗、电针、吞咽功能训练、低中频电刺激、肺功能康复训练、电动起立床训练及超声波治疗等综合康复治疗。同时请神经内科医师会诊,建议完善腰椎穿刺术、头颅+脊髓MRI及颈部血管+升主动脉+降主动脉CTA检查。7月9日采用专科意见,给予长期服用硫酸氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗(75 mg/d)。为进一步明确诊断,7月19日转神经内科诊疗,继续予营养神经、改善循环、控制心率及抗血小板等药物治疗,7月30日转回高压氧康复科治疗(图4)。
7月28日拔除尿管,8月12日拔除气管套管,8月16日出院,转当地医院继续康复治疗。出院时进行功能评定:言语含糊不清,能说词组但不能说完整一句话。吞咽困难改善,SSA评分36分,可经口进食高稠度食物,同时经鼻饲管补充喂养。双上臂肌力1级,前臂肌力2级,手握力2级;双下肢肌力近端1级,远端2级,四肢肌张力均轻度升高,改良阿什沃思量表评定1级。6个月后随访已拔除鼻胃管,言语较前清晰,四肢、背部仍有麻木感,肌力无明显进步,小便自解,大便障碍。12个月后随访,双下肢能抬离床面,肌力3级,其余症状无明显变化。
在PubMed、中国知网等文献数据库中,以“Spinal cord infarction(脊髓梗死)”和“anterior spinal artery syndrome(脊髓前动脉综合征)”为关键词,检索2014年1月-2024年3月发表的相关文献,共获取英文献177篇、中文文献26篇,共涉及ASAS 295例,复习所有文献后总结如下。
脊髓梗死是由于脊髓供血动脉闭塞引起。脊髓的血供较为复杂[3],由椎动脉发出的1条脊髓前动脉和2条脊髓后动脉及节段性动脉发出的根动脉组成。节段性动脉来源丰富,在颈段可来源于椎动脉。脊髓前动脉提供脊髓前2/3的血供,贯穿脊髓全长,脊髓后动脉供应脊髓后1/3的血供,根动脉是对脊髓前、后动脉血供的补充。因此,脊髓梗死大多发生在脊髓前动脉供应区[4]
研究显示,脊髓梗死的病因较多[5]。在西方国家,主动脉疾病(如动脉粥样硬化、动脉瘤、夹层)或医源性疾病(主要是主动脉手术和介入治疗所致)是大多数脊髓梗死的病因。Rouanet等[6]报道了1例因椎动脉夹层引起的脊髓前动脉梗死,表现为桶人综合征。Farrell和Cucu[7]报道了1例因注射可卡因导致的脊髓梗死,表现为截瘫。Mandour等[8]报道了1例因主动脉瘤伴血管内血栓引起的脊髓缺血,原因可能是阻塞了脊髓前动脉或Adamkiewicz动脉。除此之外,还有报道患有重症新冠肺炎的健康男性出现了脊髓梗死[9];肌内注射青霉素后也可能引发脊髓缺血性改变[10];肺栓塞引起心脏骤停后同样可导致脊髓梗死,原因可能与低灌注导致的脊髓损伤有关[11]。总之,脊髓梗死的病因较多,大部分是由主动脉手术及主动脉病变引起的,此外还包括血管畸形、全身低血压及纤维软管栓塞等[12-13]
脊髓梗死的临床特点表现不一。Ogawa等[14]报道13例脊髓梗死患者,所有患者均出现节段性感觉障碍,11例出现四肢麻痹,1例出现感觉障碍和截瘫。Ke等[15]回顾性分析了40例脊髓梗死患者,其中92.5%有脑卒中发作的类似表现,67.5%出现躯干或四肢明显疼痛,60%出现分离性感觉障碍。Najera等[16]报道了1例在吞咽大量食物后出现脊髓前动脉梗死的患者,表现为颈部疼痛、四肢瘫痪和尿失禁。上述研究提示四肢瘫痪、阶段性或分离性感觉障碍、自主神经功能障碍仍是脊髓梗死的主要特征。
脊髓缺血的诊断首选MRI[4]。Kobayashi[17]回顾了15例脊髓梗死和12例中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病的MRI特征,认为MRI在脊髓梗死的诊断中发挥了至关重要的作用。脊髓梗死在MRI影像中表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,T2轴位“猫头鹰征”或T2矢状位的“铅笔征”[1]。脊髓梗死的治疗除了预防并发症、治疗原发病和康复训练之外,尚无特效的治疗方法[5]。可用的治疗措施包括静脉溶栓、腰椎穿刺引流及针对病因的抗血小板、皮质类固醇、高压氧、改善循环及降脂等治疗[18-19]
脊髓梗死是较为罕见的中枢神经系统疾病,病因较多,容易漏诊和误诊。Rottler等[20]采用颈部MRI和MRI血管造影(MRA)确认右椎动脉发育不良是1例C2水平颈髓梗死的主要原因。Hsu等[21]对31例脊髓梗死患者的病因和预后进行回顾性分析发现,其中7例的病因为主动脉或椎动脉夹层。Itagaki等[22]报道了1例因心肌梗死导致心搏骤停后出现胸5-12节段脊髓梗死的老年患者,认为心搏骤停、全身灌注不足、经皮冠状动脉介入术、主动脉球囊反搏术和静脉-动脉体外膜肺氧合均可引起脊髓梗死。本文报告的1例患者病因考虑与心搏骤停和全身灌注减少关系密切,加之患者椎动脉先天性畸形,在低血压及椎动脉纤细的双重影响下,诱发了脊髓梗死。这也提示临床医师在心肺复苏术后应格外注意全身多系统的灌注情况,当发生四肢肌力减退时不应忽略脊髓的情况。
脊髓梗死的临床症状也不尽相同,包括损伤节段出现神经痛,病变平面以下出现截瘫、背部或颈部疼痛、分离性感觉障碍及自主神经功能障碍等[1,18]。Nunna等[23]报道的1例以上下肢渐进性麻木、无力和尿失禁起病的脊髓梗死患者,采用替奈普酶溶栓治疗,溶栓前存在运动功能完全丧失、感觉减退及直肠张力缺失,溶栓后上下肢远端力量及感觉得到改善。本例青年女性患者临床症状表现为四肢瘫,颈背部、四肢感觉麻木,大小便障碍,符合脊髓梗死的临床特点;同时合并缺血缺氧性脑病,引起吞咽困难、言语不清及视力模糊等症状。该例患者考虑脊髓前动脉综合征,依据临床症状、体感诱发电位、脑脊液及血清相关抗体检查,结合颈椎MRI提示脊髓前动脉供血区异常信号,T2WI横断面出现“蛇眼征”,冠状面上表现为“铅笔征”,排除其他自身免疫性疾病、神经系统脱髓鞘疾病及视神经脊髓炎,诊断为脊髓梗死。
脊髓梗死目前没有特效的治疗方法。Yang等[24]对主动脉夹层引起的脊髓梗死进行双重抗血小板治疗及阿托伐他汀调脂治疗3个月,随访MRI表现恢复正常。本例患者入院时已过急性期,皮质激素治疗获益不明确且不良反应较多,未考虑皮质类固醇治疗;经评估后给予抗血小板、营养神经、改善循环及控制心率等一般治疗,同时排除禁忌证后给予高压氧治疗及系统康复治疗,随访结果显示该治疗和康复方案有效。
总之,脊髓梗死发病急,起病隐匿,多与其他疾病相伴行,容易漏诊误诊。当患者心搏骤停复苏成功后神志清醒,同时伴有四肢瘫及二便障碍,应考虑脊髓梗死的可能,以做到早发现、早治疗。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0036.2024.0620
  • 接收时间:2024-01-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-09
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    解放军南部战区总医院高压氧康复科,广东广州 510010

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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