Article(id=1190669167138320627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190669163988398295, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0920.2024.1227, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1721664000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-23, onlineDate=1761807251008, onlineDateStr=2025-10-30, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761807251008, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761807251008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761807251008, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190669163988398295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='4', pageStart='367', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1761807250258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761807667423, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190670913772339410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190669163988398295, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190670913772339411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190669163988398295, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=458, endPage=466, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190669167364813046, articleId=1190669167138320627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The role of matrix metalloproteinase 3 to progression of pulmonary fibrosis in mouse silicosis, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in a mouse silicosis model induced by SiO2, and explore its role in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Six male C57B/6 mice were randomly divided into control and silicosis groups (n=3). The silicosis model was established via intratracheal instillation of SiO2 suspension (0.2 g/kg); the control group were intratracheally instilled with the same amount of normal saline. Human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF-a) and mouse lung fibroblasts (MLg) were treated with 5 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to construct an ex vivo silicosis cell model. Masson trichrome and Sirius red staining were used to assess the effects of SiO2 on pulmonary tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Single-cell transcriptomics was performed on mouse lung tissue, with bioinformatics analyses identifying ECM-associated cellular composition changes and key genes. The expression and distribution of these key genes were analyzed by spatial transcriptomics. Western blotting was employed to detect Vimentin and MMP3 protein levels in mouse lung tissue and fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence staining was used to localize MMP3 in lung ECM and TGF-‍β1-treated fibroblasts and to evaluate its accumulation in the ECM. Results Masson's and Sirius red staining revealed fibrotic changes and significant ECM collagen deposition in mice of silicosis group. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identified fibroblast-associated alterations in ECM components, with MMP3 emerging as a key gene. MMP3 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in mouse lungs of silicosis group and was localized primarily to fibrotic lesions. Western blotting showed a significant increase in MMP3 protein levels in the lungs of silicosis group mice compared to control group (P<0.05). TGF-‍β1 treatment led to a time-dependent increase in MMP3 protein levels in HPF-a cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed elevated MMP3 expression in the ECM of mouse lungs in silicosis group (P<0.05). When TGF-‍β1 treated MLg cells were seeded onto normal mouse lung ECM, MMP3 expression increased (P<0.05). Similarly, after decellularizing ECM seeded with MLg cells, MMP3 expression levels remained significantly elevated (P<0.01). Co-localization analysis showed enhanced Vimentin and MMP3 signals in and around silicotic nodules in mice of silicosis group (P<0.01). Conclusions In the mouse silicosis model, secretion of MMP3 from fibroblasts increased with TGF‑β1 treatment, accumulating in the pulmonary ECM, exacerbating collagen deposition, and promoting fibrosis. MMP3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for silicosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

, correspAuthors=Jie Chao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探究基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP3)在二氧化硅(SiO2)诱导的小鼠矽肺模型中的表达情况及其参与矽肺纤维化的机制。方法 6只C57B/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照组与矽肺组(n=3)。矽肺组小鼠经气管滴注SiO2悬液0.2 g/kg构建矽肺模型,对照组经气管滴注等量生理盐水;采用5 ng/ml转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)处理人成纤维细胞(HPF-a)和小鼠成纤维细胞(MLg)构建矽肺离体细胞模型。Masson染色和天狼腥红染色观察SiO2对小鼠肺组织及其细胞外基质(ECM)的影响。对小鼠肺组织进行单细胞转录组测序,采用生物信息学方法分析矽肺组小鼠ECM相关细胞成分的变化及关键基因;空间转录组测序分析关键基因的表达与分布情况。Western blotting检测小鼠肺组织和成纤维细胞中波形蛋白和MMP3蛋白表达水平的改变;免疫荧光染色检测MMP3蛋白在小鼠肺组织ECM和TGF-β1处理的HPF-a、MLg中的表达,以及在小鼠肺组织ECM中的蓄积情况。结果 Masson染色和天狼腥红染色结果显示,矽肺组小鼠肺组织出现纤维化样改变且ECM胶原沉积明显。单细胞和空间转录组测序及相关生物信息学分析显示,矽肺组小鼠ECM成分改变与成纤维细胞相关,MMP3是其关键基因;矽肺组小鼠肺组织MMP3 mRNA表达水平升高,且主要分布于纤维化病灶部位。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织MMP3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);TGF-β1处理后,HPF-a中MMP3蛋白表达水平呈时间依赖性升高(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织ECM中MMP3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);将TGF-β1处理后的MLg移植到正常小鼠肺组织ECM后,其MMP3表达水平升高(P<0.05),MLg移植的小鼠肺组织ECM经脱细胞处理后,其MMP3表达水平同样升高(P<0.01);矽肺组小鼠肺组织中波形蛋白和MMP3在矽结节及其周围的共定位信号明显增强(P<0.01)。结论 在小鼠矽肺模型中,TGF-β1可导致成纤维细胞分泌的MMP3增多并潴留在肺ECM中,从而加重胶原沉积,促进肺纤维化。MMP3可能成为矽肺纤维化的潜在治疗靶点。

, correspAuthors=巢杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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王宇梦,硕士研究生,主要从事矽肺纤维化相关机制的研究

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SDS. 十二烷基磺酸钠;TGF-β. 转化生长因子-β

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*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,****P<0.0001

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ECM. 细胞外基质;AUC.曲线下面积

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3;A. TGF-β1处理不同时间后HPF-a中MMP3蛋白表达水平;B. 小鼠肺组织中MMP3蛋白表达水平;*P<0.05

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3;ECM. 细胞外基质;*P<0.05

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3;ECM. 细胞外基质;*P<0.05

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3;ECM. 细胞外基质;*P<0.05

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MMP3. 基质金属蛋白酶3;*P<0.05

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基质金属蛋白酶3参与小鼠矽肺纤维化的机制研究
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王宇梦 1, 2 , 罗薇 2 , 巢杰 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2025,50(4): 458-466
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2025, 50(4): 458-466
基质金属蛋白酶3参与小鼠矽肺纤维化的机制研究
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王宇梦1, 2, 罗薇2, 巢杰1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1东南大学公共卫生学院/环境医学工程教育部重点实验室,江苏南京 210009
  • 2东南大学医学院医学生理系,江苏南京 210009
  • 王宇梦,硕士研究生,主要从事矽肺纤维化相关机制的研究

通讯作者:

巢杰,E-mail:
The role of matrix metalloproteinase 3 to progression of pulmonary fibrosis in mouse silicosis
Yu-Meng Wang1, 2, Wei Luo2, Jie Chao1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
  • 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0920.2024.1227
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目的 探究基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP3)在二氧化硅(SiO2)诱导的小鼠矽肺模型中的表达情况及其参与矽肺纤维化的机制。方法 6只C57B/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照组与矽肺组(n=3)。矽肺组小鼠经气管滴注SiO2悬液0.2 g/kg构建矽肺模型,对照组经气管滴注等量生理盐水;采用5 ng/ml转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)处理人成纤维细胞(HPF-a)和小鼠成纤维细胞(MLg)构建矽肺离体细胞模型。Masson染色和天狼腥红染色观察SiO2对小鼠肺组织及其细胞外基质(ECM)的影响。对小鼠肺组织进行单细胞转录组测序,采用生物信息学方法分析矽肺组小鼠ECM相关细胞成分的变化及关键基因;空间转录组测序分析关键基因的表达与分布情况。Western blotting检测小鼠肺组织和成纤维细胞中波形蛋白和MMP3蛋白表达水平的改变;免疫荧光染色检测MMP3蛋白在小鼠肺组织ECM和TGF-β1处理的HPF-a、MLg中的表达,以及在小鼠肺组织ECM中的蓄积情况。结果 Masson染色和天狼腥红染色结果显示,矽肺组小鼠肺组织出现纤维化样改变且ECM胶原沉积明显。单细胞和空间转录组测序及相关生物信息学分析显示,矽肺组小鼠ECM成分改变与成纤维细胞相关,MMP3是其关键基因;矽肺组小鼠肺组织MMP3 mRNA表达水平升高,且主要分布于纤维化病灶部位。Western blotting检测结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织MMP3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);TGF-β1处理后,HPF-a中MMP3蛋白表达水平呈时间依赖性升高(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织ECM中MMP3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);将TGF-β1处理后的MLg移植到正常小鼠肺组织ECM后,其MMP3表达水平升高(P<0.05),MLg移植的小鼠肺组织ECM经脱细胞处理后,其MMP3表达水平同样升高(P<0.01);矽肺组小鼠肺组织中波形蛋白和MMP3在矽结节及其周围的共定位信号明显增强(P<0.01)。结论 在小鼠矽肺模型中,TGF-β1可导致成纤维细胞分泌的MMP3增多并潴留在肺ECM中,从而加重胶原沉积,促进肺纤维化。MMP3可能成为矽肺纤维化的潜在治疗靶点。

基质金属蛋白酶3  /  细胞外基质  /  矽肺  /  单细胞转录组测序  /  空间转录组测序

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in a mouse silicosis model induced by SiO2, and explore its role in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Six male C57B/6 mice were randomly divided into control and silicosis groups (n=3). The silicosis model was established via intratracheal instillation of SiO2 suspension (0.2 g/kg); the control group were intratracheally instilled with the same amount of normal saline. Human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF-a) and mouse lung fibroblasts (MLg) were treated with 5 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to construct an ex vivo silicosis cell model. Masson trichrome and Sirius red staining were used to assess the effects of SiO2 on pulmonary tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Single-cell transcriptomics was performed on mouse lung tissue, with bioinformatics analyses identifying ECM-associated cellular composition changes and key genes. The expression and distribution of these key genes were analyzed by spatial transcriptomics. Western blotting was employed to detect Vimentin and MMP3 protein levels in mouse lung tissue and fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence staining was used to localize MMP3 in lung ECM and TGF-‍β1-treated fibroblasts and to evaluate its accumulation in the ECM. Results Masson's and Sirius red staining revealed fibrotic changes and significant ECM collagen deposition in mice of silicosis group. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identified fibroblast-associated alterations in ECM components, with MMP3 emerging as a key gene. MMP3 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in mouse lungs of silicosis group and was localized primarily to fibrotic lesions. Western blotting showed a significant increase in MMP3 protein levels in the lungs of silicosis group mice compared to control group (P<0.05). TGF-‍β1 treatment led to a time-dependent increase in MMP3 protein levels in HPF-a cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed elevated MMP3 expression in the ECM of mouse lungs in silicosis group (P<0.05). When TGF-‍β1 treated MLg cells were seeded onto normal mouse lung ECM, MMP3 expression increased (P<0.05). Similarly, after decellularizing ECM seeded with MLg cells, MMP3 expression levels remained significantly elevated (P<0.01). Co-localization analysis showed enhanced Vimentin and MMP3 signals in and around silicotic nodules in mice of silicosis group (P<0.01). Conclusions In the mouse silicosis model, secretion of MMP3 from fibroblasts increased with TGF‑β1 treatment, accumulating in the pulmonary ECM, exacerbating collagen deposition, and promoting fibrosis. MMP3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for silicosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

matrix metalloproteinase 3  /  extracellular matrix  /  silicosis  /  single-cell transcriptome sequencing  /  spatial transcriptome sequencing
王宇梦, 罗薇, 巢杰. 基质金属蛋白酶3参与小鼠矽肺纤维化的机制研究. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (4) : 458 -466 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0920.2024.1227
Yu-Meng Wang, Wei Luo, Jie Chao. The role of matrix metalloproteinase 3 to progression of pulmonary fibrosis in mouse silicosis[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (4) : 458 -466 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0920.2024.1227
肺纤维化是肺部疾病的常见终末期表现,主要特征为成纤维细胞过度增殖,细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉积,并伴有炎性损伤和组织结构破坏[1]。近年来,单细胞转录组测序和空间转录组测序技术的兴起推动了肺部疾病研究的快速发展。单细胞转录组测序可揭示个体细胞基因差异表达的异质性,鉴定不同细胞类型和组织器官的细胞图谱[2-3];而空间转录组测序技术可揭示基因表达的空间位置;两者结合可更加清楚地揭示基因的时空表达特性[4-5]。二氧化硅(SiO2)是肺纤维化的已知致病因素之一,而转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)是研究较充分且有效的纤维化刺激因子[6-7]。本研究采用气管滴注SiO2的方法构建小鼠矽肺模型,并在体外采用TGF-β1处理成纤维细胞构建矽肺离体细胞模型,结合单细胞转录组测序与空间转录组测序技术,观察矽肺纤维化进程中成纤维细胞和ECM的改变,以进一步探究肺纤维化的发病机制。
6只7~8周龄、体重23~25 g的健康雄性C57B/6小鼠购自南京中骅生物科技有限公司[实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(浙)2024-0004]。小鼠饲养于SPF级动物房,采用简单随机法分为对照组与矽肺组,每组3只。本研究获东南大学动物伦理委员会审批(20200402024)。
人成纤维细胞(HPF-a)、小鼠肺成纤维细胞(MLg)购自美国ATCC生物标准品资源中心(American Type Culture Collection)。为了观察TGF-β1对基质金属蛋白酶3(matrix metalloproteinase 3,MMP3)的影响,将HPF-a随机分为对照(0 h)组和实验(1、3、6、12、24 h)组。为了观察在TGF-β1刺激下MLg分泌的MMP3在小鼠肺组织ECM中的蓄积情况,将MLg随机分为对照组与实验(TGF-β1)组,并将其移植回正常的ECM中,对照组进行脱细胞处理。
矽肺组小鼠采用气管滴注SiO2悬液的方法构建矽肺模型。首先将小鼠麻醉固定,仔细剔除其脖颈处的毛发,使用乙醇棉球严格消毒,充分暴露气管。经气管滴注充分混匀的50 mg/ml SiO2(美国Sigma公司)混悬液100 μl;待小鼠状态恢复稳定后,进行手术缝合,并对伤口进行消毒处理,继续喂养56 d以建立小鼠矽肺模型。对照组小鼠在相同条件下经气管滴注等量生理盐水。
为了构建矽肺离体细胞模型,将HPF-a消化后加入24孔板中,每孔约1×105个,之后在24孔板中加入TGF-β1(5 ng/ml),分别刺激0、1、3、6、12、24 h。为了观察在TGF-β1刺激下MLg分泌的MMP3在ECM中的蓄积情况,将MLg消化后加入24孔板中,之后在24孔板中加入TGF-β1(5 ng/ml)分别处理0 h和24 h,并将其移植回对照组小鼠的ECM中,对照组进行脱细胞处理。
对饲养56 d的两组小鼠实施麻醉、无菌处理、灌注等操作后提取肺组织,并迅速置于4 ℃预冷的PBS快速漂洗3次,将肺组织切为直径1 mm左右的小块,采用肺分离试剂盒(德国Miltenyi Biotech公司)进行细胞分离;由北京博奥晶典生物技术公司进行单细胞测序分析,并将获得的基因测序数据集(GSE183682)上传至GEO数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)。
收集小鼠肺组织后用OCT胶(美国Sakura公司)进行包埋。在冷冻切片机中将组织切成厚度10 μm的切片,随后将其放置在含有RNA捕获探针的玻片上,送至北京博奥晶典生物技术公司进行空间转录组测序,相关测序数据集(GSE183683)上传至GEO数据库。
为进一步探究小鼠肺组织ECM改变的机制,根据本研究组前期的研究结果[8],将小鼠肺组织单细胞转录组测序和空间转录组测序结果先后使用Cell Ranger4.0.0和Cell Ranger aggr包对数据归一化后进行聚类,按照细胞表面标志的差异,将其分为20群,并且通过t-分布随机邻域嵌入(t-SNE)在二维空间中进行可视化。AUCell可识别sc-RNA数据中具有活跃基因集或基因模块的细胞,即可将某个通路的富集情况展现在聚类细胞上,从而可鉴定具有特定基因特征的细胞群。AUCell评分采用“Area Under the Curve”(AUC)来计算输入基因集的关键子集是否在每个细胞内富集。Dimplot用于可视化降维后的单细胞数据,并展示不同细胞群落之间的关系,显示变量之间的密度情况,其中每个点都是一个细胞的定位,单元格按其标识类着色。
根据单细胞基因测序数据集GSE183682,使用R软件4.3.1版本的AUCell包找到与小鼠肺ECM相关的关键细胞,然后使用Seurat包的Find Markers函数找到成纤维细胞内与基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)家族相关的差异表达基因,同时结合STRING数据库(http://string-db.org/)和Cytoscape软件的CytoHubba插件进行蛋白相互作用网络分析,根据CytoHubba插件的3种算法,即最大邻域分量(maximum neighborhood component,MNC)、边缘渗透分量(edge percolated component,EPC)和基于最短路径的中心性(Bottleneck),选择排名靠前的基因作为关键基因。
从-80 ℃下取出肺组织在冰盒上缓慢解冻后,用OCT胶进行包埋处理,随后利用冷冻切片机(德国Leica公司)制作厚度为180~200 μm的肺切片。将切片置于6孔板中,每孔6或7片,分别加入4 ml的1% SDS(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司)溶液,之后每隔1 h更换一次新鲜的SDS溶液,振荡频率为50~60次/min,第3次更换新鲜的1% SDS溶液后在室温下振荡过夜,以确保样品的充分处理;次日在每个孔中加入4 ml 1% TritonX-100(美国Biosharp公司)溶液,每隔1 h更换一次新鲜的1% TritonX-100溶液,振荡频率为50~60次/min,第3次更换新鲜的1% TritonX-100溶液后在室温下震荡过夜;次日用磷酸盐缓冲液洗3次,去离子水洗6次,每孔加入4 ml 1 mol/L NaCl(成都科隆化学试剂)溶液,振荡1 h后用PBS和去离子水各洗2次;随后每孔加入4 ml DNAase(20 μg/ml)(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司)和MgCl2(4.2 mmol/L)的混合溶液,在烘箱内孵育1 h后用去离子水漂洗3次;最后在细胞房超净台内每孔加入4 ml 4.8%乙酸(国药集团上海有限公司)溶液,于37 ℃烘箱(上海一恒科技有限公司)内消毒20 min,用无菌PBS洗3次后置于4 ℃冰箱保存。实验流程如图1所示。
将制备好的ECM取出,置于24孔板的底部,随后将其移入温度设定为37 ℃的细胞培养箱中孵育1 h,将密度为3×105/ml的MLg细胞悬液滴加在ECM上(约40 μl/片),置于37 ℃细胞培养箱中孵育1 h,待细胞黏附后加入培养基,37 ℃培养72 h后用于后续实验。
用4%多聚甲醛溶液对小鼠肺组织进行固定,经蔗糖溶液梯度脱水沉降后,置于-80 ℃冰箱保存;脱细胞的ECM放入4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定过夜后,同样置于-80 ℃冰箱保存,用于后续的组织切片。将小鼠肺组织或ECM用OCT胶包埋,凝固后切片,先使用30 μm初始修片厚度,经过精细调整后最终得到8 μm厚度的组织片。
选用改良Masson三色染色试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)进行染色。首先从-80 ℃冰箱中取出小鼠肺组织或脱细胞的ECM切片,55 ℃烘箱孵育5 min,将切片置于托盘,倒入媒染液盖过组织片,37 ℃放置过夜;次日用流水冲洗10 min,天青蓝染色2 min,用ddH2O清洗2次;Mayer苏木精染色2 min,用ddH2O清洗2次,随后用酸性分化液分化5 s后水洗终止分化;丽春红酸性品红染色10 min,用ddH2O清洗15 s×2次;磷钼酸染色10 min后将液体弃去,滴加苯酚蓝染色5 min,随后将切片置于弱酸溶液中10 min清洗苯酚蓝溶液。使用95%乙醇溶液脱水30 s,再使用无水乙醇依次脱水30 s、1 min,二甲苯透明2 min×2次。最后用自来水清洗5 min,ddH2O清洗5 min,用无尘纸轻轻擦拭水迹,晾干后用中性树脂封片,可直接观察或置于4 ℃保存。
使用天狼腥红染色试剂盒(英国Abcam公司)进行染色。将切好的肺组织玻片放在玻璃皿中,用PBS洗5 min×3次;将天狼猩红试剂滴到组织上,室温孵育1 h,用乙酸冲洗,乙醇脱水、冲洗;用中性树脂封片,4 ℃保存。
将小鼠肺组织或ECM切成8 μm厚的薄片,晾干后用PBS洗去多余OCT包埋胶;用疏水笔圈住玻片上的组织样品,先用0.3% TritonX-100溶液(美国Biosharp公司)处理切片30 min;接着将10%山羊血清(NGS,美国Life Technologies公司)和0.3% TritonX-100按照1:9的比例混匀配制封闭液,将切片封闭2 h后在组织上滴加兔抗MMP3(美国Proteintech公司)、羊抗波形蛋白(美国SantaCruze公司)一抗(均为1:200),4 ℃过夜;次日在避光状态下,室温孵育488和546荧光素标记山羊抗兔(美国Invitrogen公司)的荧光偶联二抗(均为1:200)2 h,用PBS洗去多余抗体,晾干封片后,使用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(FV3000)(日本Olympus公司)观察并拍照。
将收集到的HPF-a用冷PBS冲洗2次后加入RIPA裂解液(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司),在冰上振荡30 min后用枪头轻轻刮下,转移到EP管中;另将冻存于液氮中的小鼠肺组织置于冰上,用手术刀切取适宜体积的样本(黄豆大小),转移至含1.5 ml RIPA裂解液的EP管中,于冰上用组织匀浆仪充分研磨,至无明显组织块为止。采用Western blotting法测定蛋白浓度,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳后将样品转到PVDF膜(美国Millipore公司)上,用5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,加入兔抗MMP3和鼠抗GAPDH、β-actin一抗(1:1000;美国Proteintech公司)于4 ℃冰箱过夜,次日用辣根酶标记山羊IgG的二抗(1:2000;美国Proteintech公司)孵育1~2 h,最后经化学发光试剂(ECL)显色后检测蛋白的表达情况。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析和作图。计量资料均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验;同组不同时间点MMP3蛋白表达水平采用重复测量方差分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
Masson染色和天狼腥红染色结果显示,矽肺组小鼠肺泡结构破坏且伴有出血点,肺泡间隔增厚且肺组织出现大面积高密度影,出现明显的纤维化样改变(图2)。与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠体重增加值明显降低(P<0.05,图3),提示小鼠矽肺模型构建成功,可进行后续实验。
Masson染色和天狼腥红染色结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织ECM结构紊乱程度严重,胶原沉积明显(图4)。
AUCell评分结果显示,ECM组成的改变主要与成纤维细胞有关(图5);DimPlot结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺成纤维细胞明显增多(图6)。
提取成纤维细胞中MMPs家族的差异基因,选择Cytoscape软件CytoHubba插件中的3种分类方法(EPC、MNC、BottleNeck)的前3个基因。选择3种分类方法获得的、总排名最靠前的差异基因,筛选出一个关键基因——MMP3
Spot原位展示表明,矽肺组小鼠中MMP3 mRNA表达水平升高,且主要分布于纤维化病灶部位(图7)。单细胞测序结果显示,MMP3主要来源于成纤维细胞(图8)。
Western blotting检测结果显示,TGF-β1处理24 h后,HPF-a中MMP3蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图9A)。与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织MMP3蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图9B)。
免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺ECM中MMP3蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,图10);将TGF-β1处理后的MLg种植到正常小鼠肺组织ECM后,其MMP3蛋白表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05,图11);移植MLg的小鼠肺组织ECM经脱细胞处理后,MMP3蛋白表达水平同样高于对照组(P<0.01,图12)。免疫荧光染色结果还显示,与对照组比较,矽肺组小鼠肺组织中波形蛋白和MMP3在矽结节及其周围的共定位信号明显增强(P<0.01,图13)。
矽肺是危害严重的职业病[9]。不溶性SiO2颗粒沉积在气道和肺泡间隙会引发级联反应,包括炎症、慢性纤维化病变,最终可导致患者死亡[10]。在慢性纤维化进程中,成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞转化,同时MMPs被异常激活,其催化结构域与蛋白质底物接触并在特定位点发生裂解,从而破坏细胞外支架或修饰ECM中的生物活性分子,导致器官发生纤维化[11-12]。MMPs是一类锌依赖性内肽酶,在病理状态下可通过影响ECM的各种蛋白质组分而导致ECM重塑[13]。ECM不仅是细胞生长和发育不可或缺的结构基础,同时在维护组织稳态中也发挥重要作用,可确保器官功能的正常运行,而其作为驱动疾病进展的关键因素,在病理条件下会发生广泛的重构。当机体经历长期、持续的组织损伤后,ECM的过度产生和沉积会导致肺部发生纤维化。因此,本研究聚焦于小鼠肺部ECM,关注其是否存在纤维化改变。
本研究结果显示,肺组织ECM的改变是小鼠肺纤维化的主要原因之一。在病理条件下,多种细胞(如间充质细胞、巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞等)被异常激活,可通过合成新的成分,产生MMPs重塑ECM,并促进ECM的增多[14]。本研究还发现,来源于成纤维细胞的MMP3是影响矽肺ECM改变的关键分子,在体内及体外纤维化模型中均呈高表达,且与肺部纤维化程度呈正相关。已有研究报道,特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者的肺组织表达更高水平的MMP3;进一步的体内研究显示,通过腺病毒介导的基因传递和气管内给药重组MMP3可在大鼠中引起强烈的促纤维化反应;相反,MMP3基因缺陷的小鼠对博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化具有抗性[15]。因此,笔者推测MMP3高表达可加速小鼠矽肺的发展进程。
MMPs不仅参与损伤阶段ECM的降解,也可能参与了ECM的过度沉积,最终导致ECM的改变[16]。虽然MMPs最初是基于其降解胶原蛋白和其他ECM成分的功能而被确定的,但近期研究显示,其非降解功能也十分重要。在本研究中,正常成纤维细胞受到TGF-β1刺激后可分泌大量MMP3潴留在ECM中而发挥作用。同时,另有研究显示,包括MMP3在内的MMPs可通过改变其他非基质蛋白(包括细胞因子和膜受体)的活性来调节组织修复[17-18],并通过有限的蛋白水解加工促进细胞信号转导,触发导致EMT的通路激活,从而促进胶原沉积[19]。为了进一步验证矽肺中成纤维细胞的病理状态,本研究对肺组织进行免疫荧光染色发现,相较于对照组,矽肺组小鼠肺组织中胶原沉积明显,成纤维细胞大量聚集,且MMP3分泌增多;全肺组织脱细胞以后,MMP3在纤维化样ECM中的表达依然增高,提示矽肺中成纤维细胞在病理条件下可分泌MMP3潴留在ECM中。据此推测,在矽肺中,当TGF-β1信号通路被触发后,MMP3在ECM中蓄积;这种蓄积通过ECM与细胞间的复杂交互作用,对上皮细胞的迁移、增殖以及表型变化产生明显影响,进而参与ECM的沉积,促进肺纤维化。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,MMP3在矽肺纤维化的体内外模型中表达均上调,同时MLg在TGF-β1处理后可分泌大量MMP3并蓄积在ECM中,提示MMP3可能通过影响肺部ECM的改变参与矽肺纤维化的病理进程,MMP3可能成为矽肺纤维化治疗的潜在靶点。但本研究仍存在一定局限性,如采用小鼠模型模拟矽肺患者的体内情况,但由于啮齿动物与人类的差异,使得结果的转化存在一定不确定性;此外,本研究仅报告MMP3可能通过影响ECM促进肺纤维化,尚未详细验证其相关分子机制,后续可结合矽肺患者样本进行进一步的探究和验证。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82373547)
参考文献 引证文献
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0920.2024.1227
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2025-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
  • 录用日期:2024-07-23
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373547)
国家自然科学基金(82373547)
作者信息
    1东南大学公共卫生学院/环境医学工程教育部重点实验室,江苏南京 210009
    2东南大学医学院医学生理系,江苏南京 210009

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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