Article(id=1190310112246989243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1105.2025.0221, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721491200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1733760000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-10, onlineDate=1761721645652, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761721645652, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761721645652, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761721645652, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190243275249390089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='505', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761705710470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765784077922, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=553, endPage=557, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190310113098432965, articleId=1190310112246989243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=The application value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in grading acute gastrocnemius muscle injuries, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the application value of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in grading acute gastrocnemius muscle injuries. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on ultrasound images of 291 patients who presented with sudden calf pain and suspected acute gastrocnemius muscle injury in the General Hospital of Central Theater Command from March 2019 to July 2024. The images were independently reviewed and assessed by three ultrasound doctors with different qualifications to determine the presence and grade of gastrocnemius muscle injury. The consistency of grading results among three doctors was compared. The diagnostic results of three doctors were summarized. Then, the diagnostic results of 29 patients who underwent routine MRI scans were compared with those of MSUS, and the agreement between the two imaging modalities was assessed using the Kappa test. Results Among the 291 patients, 171 cases (58.8%) were diagnosed with gastrocnemius muscle injury, including 55 cases (32.2%) with grade Ⅰ, 109 cases (63.7%) with grade Ⅱ, and 7 cases (4.1%) with grade Ⅲ. There were 159 cases (93.0%) of unilateral medial head injury, 10 cases (5.8%) of unilateral lateral head injury, and 2 cases (1.2%) of bilateral medial and lateral head injury. Compared with patients without gastrocnemius muscle injury, patients with gastrocnemius muscle injury were older (P<0.05), with no significant difference in gender and laterality (P>0.05). No significant differences in baseline characteristics were found among patients with different grades of injury (P>0.05). The three doctors diagnosed 173 (59.5%), 171 (58.8%), and 171 (58.8%) cases of injury, respectively, with an inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.947 (P<0.001). Among 29 patients who underwent MRI, the diagnostic agreement between MRI and ultrasound for grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ injury was 8 (27.6%), 18 (62.1%) and 3 (10.3%) for MRI; and 9 (31.0%), 17 (58.6%) and 3 (10.3%) for MSUS, respectively, with a Kappa value of 0.808 (P<0.001). Conclusions MSUS is effective for assessing the grade of acute gastrocnemius muscle injury, and shows high diagnostic consistency among doctors with different qualifications. It is recommended as the preferred method for diagnosing gastrocnemius muscle injury.

, correspAuthors=Rui Du, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨肌骨超声(MSUS)在腓肠肌急性损伤分级中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月-2024年7月于中部战区总医院因小腿突发疼痛就诊且怀疑腓肠肌急性损伤的291例患者的超声图像。由3名不同资历的超声科医师独立观察所有超声图像,判断腓肠肌是否损伤及其损伤分级;比较3位医师损伤分级的一致性;汇总协商一致的诊断结果。将29例行MRI检查者的诊断结果与MSUS结果进行对比,并通过Kappa检验比较两种影像学方法诊断损伤分级的一致性。结果 291例患者中,确诊腓肠肌损伤171例(58.8%),其中,腓肠肌Ⅰ级损伤55例(32.2%),Ⅱ级损伤109例(63.7%),Ⅲ级损伤7例(4.1%);内侧头单侧损伤159例(93.0%),外侧头单侧损伤10例(5.8%),内、外侧头双侧损伤2例(1.2%)。与无腓肠肌损伤者比较,腓肠肌损伤患者年龄较大(P<0.05),但性别和损伤侧别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同分级的腓肠肌损伤患者基线特征比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3名超声科医师分别诊断腓肠肌损伤173例(59.5%)、171例(58.8%)、171例(58.8%),诊断结果的一致性相关性系数(ICC)值为0.947(P<0.001)。29例行MRI检查的患者中,MRI诊断腓肠肌损伤Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级者分别为8例(27.6%)、18例(62.1%)和3例(10.3%),MSUS诊断结果分别为9例(31.0%)、17例(58.6%)和3例(10.3%),两种方法诊断结果的一致性Kappa值为0.808(P<0.01)。结论 MSUS可用于评估腓肠肌急性损伤分级,且不同资历医师诊断结果的一致性较高,可作为腓肠肌损伤的首选检查方法。

, correspAuthors=杜锐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杜锐,E-mail:
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陈自力,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及肌骨疾病超声诊断方面的研究

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陈自力,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及肌骨疾病超声诊断方面的研究

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陈自力,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及肌骨疾病超声诊断方面的研究

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Workplace Health Saf, 2021, 69(4): 182-186., articleTitle=“Tennis leg”: a state-of-the-science review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330434195133122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=90, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=刘超然, 李威, 王宁华, journalName=中国康复医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘超然, 李威, 王宁华. 肌骨超声评估腓肠肌在康复领域中的应用进展[J]. 中国康复医学杂志, 2019, 34(1): 90-95., articleTitle=肌骨超声评估腓肠肌在康复领域中的应用进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190330429233271394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330429241660003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, companyId=1190330429233271394, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330429250048612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, companyId=1190330429233271394, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中部战区总医院超声诊断科,湖北武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190330431603053200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Examples of musculoskeletal ultrasound for gastrocnemius muscle injury, figureFileSmall=vahalpFP8LBoohp4tOINPA==, figureFileBig=VNR3DaeqN1wFDvoRIiSWgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330431670162065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, language=CN, label=图1, caption=腓肠肌损伤肌骨超声示例

A. 腓肠肌长轴切面Ⅰ级损伤(35岁男性,跑步后出现左侧腓肠肌Ⅰ级损伤);B. 腓肠肌长轴切面Ⅱ级损伤(29岁男性,跳跃后出现右侧腓肠肌Ⅱ级损伤);C. 腓肠肌长轴切面Ⅲ级损伤(36岁男性,跑步后出现右侧腓肠肌Ⅲ级损伤)

, figureFileSmall=vahalpFP8LBoohp4tOINPA==, figureFileBig=VNR3DaeqN1wFDvoRIiSWgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330431804379794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of baseline characteristics between the patients with gastrocnemius muscle injury and control patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标无腓肠肌损伤组(n=120)腓肠肌损伤组(n=171)Z/χ2P
年龄(岁, x±s)32(22, 43)40(31, 48)-4.327<0.001
性别[例(%)]0.161
99(82.5)151(88.3)1.963
21(17.5)20(11.7)
损伤侧别[例(%)]0.0080.928
59(49.2)85(49.7)
61(50.8)86(50.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1190330431875682963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

腓肠肌损伤患者与无腓肠肌损伤者基线特征比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标无腓肠肌损伤组(n=120)腓肠肌损伤组(n=171)Z/χ2P
年龄(岁, x±s)32(22, 43)40(31, 48)-4.327<0.001
性别[例(%)]0.161
99(82.5)151(88.3)1.963
21(17.5)20(11.7)
损伤侧别[例(%)]0.0080.928
59(49.2)85(49.7)
61(50.8)86(50.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1190330431955374740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of baseline characteristics of different grades of gastrocnemius muscle injury

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

Ⅰ级损伤

(n=55)

Ⅱ级损伤

(n=109)

Ⅲ级损伤

(n=7)

H/χ2P
年龄(岁, x±s)40(25, 48)40(32, 48)56(37, 57)4.2880.117
性别[例(%)]0.231
48(87.3)98(89.9)5(71.4)2.538
7(12.7)11(10.1)2(28.6)
损伤侧别[例(%)]2.3270.312
31(56.4)52(47.7)2(28.6)
24(43.6)57(52.3)5(71.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1190330432018289301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310112246989243, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同等级腓肠肌损伤患者基线特征比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标

Ⅰ级损伤

(n=55)

Ⅱ级损伤

(n=109)

Ⅲ级损伤

(n=7)

H/χ2P
年龄(岁, x±s)40(25, 48)40(32, 48)56(37, 57)4.2880.117
性别[例(%)]0.231
48(87.3)98(89.9)5(71.4)2.538
7(12.7)11(10.1)2(28.6)
损伤侧别[例(%)]2.3270.312
31(56.4)52(47.7)2(28.6)
24(43.6)57(52.3)5(71.4)
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肌骨超声在腓肠肌急性损伤分级中的应用价值
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陈自力 , 杨谧 , 梁浩 , 梅枭雄 , 杨莉 , 向慧娟 , 杜锐 *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025,50(5): 553-557
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025, 50(5): 553-557
肌骨超声在腓肠肌急性损伤分级中的应用价值
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陈自力, 杨谧, 梁浩, 梅枭雄, 杨莉, 向慧娟, 杜锐*
作者信息
  • 中部战区总医院超声诊断科,湖北武汉 430070
  • 陈自力,硕士研究生,主要从事甲状腺及肌骨疾病超声诊断方面的研究

通讯作者:

杜锐,E-mail:
The application value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in grading acute gastrocnemius muscle injuries
Zi-Li Chen, Mi Yang, Hao Liang, Xiao-Xiong Mei, Li Yang, Hui-Juan Xiang, Rui Du*
Affiliations
  • Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1105.2025.0221
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目的 探讨肌骨超声(MSUS)在腓肠肌急性损伤分级中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月-2024年7月于中部战区总医院因小腿突发疼痛就诊且怀疑腓肠肌急性损伤的291例患者的超声图像。由3名不同资历的超声科医师独立观察所有超声图像,判断腓肠肌是否损伤及其损伤分级;比较3位医师损伤分级的一致性;汇总协商一致的诊断结果。将29例行MRI检查者的诊断结果与MSUS结果进行对比,并通过Kappa检验比较两种影像学方法诊断损伤分级的一致性。结果 291例患者中,确诊腓肠肌损伤171例(58.8%),其中,腓肠肌Ⅰ级损伤55例(32.2%),Ⅱ级损伤109例(63.7%),Ⅲ级损伤7例(4.1%);内侧头单侧损伤159例(93.0%),外侧头单侧损伤10例(5.8%),内、外侧头双侧损伤2例(1.2%)。与无腓肠肌损伤者比较,腓肠肌损伤患者年龄较大(P<0.05),但性别和损伤侧别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同分级的腓肠肌损伤患者基线特征比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3名超声科医师分别诊断腓肠肌损伤173例(59.5%)、171例(58.8%)、171例(58.8%),诊断结果的一致性相关性系数(ICC)值为0.947(P<0.001)。29例行MRI检查的患者中,MRI诊断腓肠肌损伤Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级者分别为8例(27.6%)、18例(62.1%)和3例(10.3%),MSUS诊断结果分别为9例(31.0%)、17例(58.6%)和3例(10.3%),两种方法诊断结果的一致性Kappa值为0.808(P<0.01)。结论 MSUS可用于评估腓肠肌急性损伤分级,且不同资历医师诊断结果的一致性较高,可作为腓肠肌损伤的首选检查方法。

超声检查  /  肌骨  /  腓肠肌  /  急性损伤

Objective To explore the application value of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in grading acute gastrocnemius muscle injuries. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on ultrasound images of 291 patients who presented with sudden calf pain and suspected acute gastrocnemius muscle injury in the General Hospital of Central Theater Command from March 2019 to July 2024. The images were independently reviewed and assessed by three ultrasound doctors with different qualifications to determine the presence and grade of gastrocnemius muscle injury. The consistency of grading results among three doctors was compared. The diagnostic results of three doctors were summarized. Then, the diagnostic results of 29 patients who underwent routine MRI scans were compared with those of MSUS, and the agreement between the two imaging modalities was assessed using the Kappa test. Results Among the 291 patients, 171 cases (58.8%) were diagnosed with gastrocnemius muscle injury, including 55 cases (32.2%) with grade Ⅰ, 109 cases (63.7%) with grade Ⅱ, and 7 cases (4.1%) with grade Ⅲ. There were 159 cases (93.0%) of unilateral medial head injury, 10 cases (5.8%) of unilateral lateral head injury, and 2 cases (1.2%) of bilateral medial and lateral head injury. Compared with patients without gastrocnemius muscle injury, patients with gastrocnemius muscle injury were older (P<0.05), with no significant difference in gender and laterality (P>0.05). No significant differences in baseline characteristics were found among patients with different grades of injury (P>0.05). The three doctors diagnosed 173 (59.5%), 171 (58.8%), and 171 (58.8%) cases of injury, respectively, with an inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.947 (P<0.001). Among 29 patients who underwent MRI, the diagnostic agreement between MRI and ultrasound for grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ injury was 8 (27.6%), 18 (62.1%) and 3 (10.3%) for MRI; and 9 (31.0%), 17 (58.6%) and 3 (10.3%) for MSUS, respectively, with a Kappa value of 0.808 (P<0.001). Conclusions MSUS is effective for assessing the grade of acute gastrocnemius muscle injury, and shows high diagnostic consistency among doctors with different qualifications. It is recommended as the preferred method for diagnosing gastrocnemius muscle injury.

ultrasonography  /  musculoskeletal  /  gastrocnemius muscle  /  acute injury
陈自力, 杨谧, 梁浩, 梅枭雄, 杨莉, 向慧娟, 杜锐. 肌骨超声在腓肠肌急性损伤分级中的应用价值. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (5) : 553 -557 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1105.2025.0221
Zi-Li Chen, Mi Yang, Hao Liang, Xiao-Xiong Mei, Li Yang, Hui-Juan Xiang, Rui Du. The application value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in grading acute gastrocnemius muscle injuries[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (5) : 553 -557 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1105.2025.0221
小腿三头肌在人体活动中起重要作用,在进行跳跃或蹬地等动作时因强烈收缩或过度拉伸可能导致损伤[1-3]。随着健身运动的普及,小腿损伤患者日益增多。有研究显示,近年来普通人群小腿三头肌损伤发病率增高[4-5];一项对2013-2018年经超声诊断的1208例小腿三头肌损伤的回顾性分析显示,腓肠肌损伤占比高达90%[6]。既往腓肠肌损伤的诊断主要依赖患者主诉、体格检查及临床医师的经验[7];由于缺乏明确、直观的影像学依据,误诊的情况时有发生,进而影响了治疗效果[8]。腓肠肌损伤的严重程度直接影响其临床治疗方案,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级损伤通常采用非手术治疗,而Ⅲ级损伤则多需手术治疗[9-10]。因此,准确评估腓肠肌损伤严重程度至关重要。近年来,已有多种影像学检查方法被用于肌肉损伤的诊断。MRI作为诊断肌肉损伤的常用方法,具有多平面成像能力和较高的分辨率,可清晰显示出血及筋膜损伤等细节[11-12];但因预约及检查时间长、费用高等,其临床应用受限。肌骨超声(musculoskeletal ultrasound,MSUS)凭借其快速、便捷、可实时动态观察及重复性高等优点,已成为肌肉和骨骼损伤诊断的常用工具。本研究回顾性分析疑似腓肠肌损伤患者的超声图像,探讨不同损伤程度的超声表现,以期提高MSUS用于腓肠肌损伤分级的准确性,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。
回顾性选取2019年3月-2024年7月于中部战区总医院因小腿突发疼痛就诊的291例疑似腓肠肌损伤患者,均为单侧损伤。纳入标准:(1)患者在活动后或外伤后突发疼痛就诊,临床医师怀疑为腓肠肌闭合性损伤;(2)损伤后48 h内就诊。排除标准:(1)合并下肢骨折;(2)伴有陈旧性腓肠肌损伤;(3)既往有踝关节、膝关节外伤史。本研究获中部战区总医院伦理委员会审批[(2024)089-01]。
采用Mindray DC-8、GE LOGIQ E9、GE Vivid E9、SIEMENS S2000、Philips EPIQ7彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,均配备高频线阵探头(频率范围5~12 MHz),具体频率根据备检部位深度进行调整。检查过程中,患者取俯卧位,踝关节处于中立位,脚悬离检查床行超声检查[13],采用肌骨条件进行图像获取。检查按以下方案进行:扫查范围自股骨内、外侧髁至跟腱移行处,连续扫描小腿后侧皮肤层、皮下软组织层、肌肉、筋膜和肌腱,先纵向扫查后横向扫查,重点观察患侧小腿腓肠肌肌纤维连续性,是否有撕裂、血肿、肌纹理紊乱,并检查腱腹交界处的连续性。同时使用彩色多普勒和能量多普勒观察血流情况,并与健侧进行对照观察,以排除假阳性和假阴性。本研究采用盲法评估,3名超声科医师(住院医师、主治医师、副主任医师各1名)在不知晓患者其他临床信息(如影像学检查结果、治疗方案及预后)的情况下,独立对所有病例的超声图像进行读片、分析和损伤程度分级,以确保评估的客观性,并减少潜在的偏倚。
主要采用Philips 3.0T超导型MRI扫描仪进行检查。患者取仰卧位,膝关节及踝关节均处于中立位,采用膝部线圈进行采集,扫描序列和方位包括:T1加权像(T1 weighted image,T1WI)序列轴位、T2加权像(T2 weighted image,T2WI)序列轴位、冠状位、矢状位、质子密度加权像(proton density weighted image,PDWI)压脂序列轴位,最大矩阵为444×330。评估内容包括肌肉损伤部位、程度、异常信号区形态,以及有无肌筋膜损伤、浅筋膜渗出、肌间束渗出、肌间积液、断端积液、出血等。
根据文献[14]、[15],将腓肠肌损伤分为3级:Ⅰ级为腓肠肌拉伤,局部存在积液或出血,但肌肉形态正常;Ⅱ级为腓肠肌部分撕裂,部分肌纤维中断,可见弥漫或局限出血;Ⅲ级为腓肠肌完全断裂,肌肉回缩,断裂处可见血肿弥漫分布。
Ⅰ级损伤:腓肠肌内侧头远端与比目鱼肌间的夹角变钝,肌纤维回声增强,损伤区腓肠肌较对侧肿胀增厚,回声不均但无明显中断或血肿。Ⅱ级损伤:腓肠肌增厚、回声增强,部分肌纤维中断或部分肌纤维从腱膜撕脱、回缩,肌肉内可见血肿。Ⅲ级损伤:腓肠肌肌纤维完全中断,断端回缩,腱膜撕脱、回缩,纤维脂肪隔断裂,腱膜间隙内血肿,探头加压时可完全变瘪,腓肠肌和比目鱼肌肌腹分离,为完全撕裂。
Ⅰ级损伤,肌肉形态正常,可存在局部积液或出血;Ⅱ级损伤,肌肉部分撕裂,部分肌纤维连续性被破坏;Ⅲ级损伤,肌肉完全断裂。
3名不同资历的超声科医师(住院医师、主治医师、副主任医师各1名)分别根据MSUS与MRI检查结果,作出腓肠肌损伤的分级诊断;将3名超声医师的诊断结果汇总,结果不一致时,由3名医师协商并取得一致结果,再将MSUS与MRI检查结果对照。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,两组间比较采用非参数检验-Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用非参数检验-Kruskal-Wallis检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。对3名医师的腓肠肌损伤分级诊断结果进行一致性检验,组内相关系数(ICC)≤0.40提示一致性较差,0.40~0.75提示一致性中等,0.75~0.90提示一致性较好,0.90~1.00提示一致性极好。采用Kappa检验比较MSUS与MRI检查结果的一致性,Kappa值≤0.40提示一致性一般,0.40~0.60提示一致性中等,0.60~0.80提示一致性良好,0.80~1.00提示一致性极佳。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共纳入疑似腓肠肌损伤患者291例,男250例(85.9%),女41例(14.1%);年龄11~89(37.2±13.2)岁;其中左侧144例(49.5%),右侧147例(50.5%)。291例中,284例(97.6%)主诉在进行篮球、羽毛球、跑步、跳跃或急行等活动时,部分患者感到小腿后部似被重物击打伴有声响,并伴小腿疼痛、肿胀、跛行甚至无法行走;7例(2.4%)正常行走时突发小腿疼痛和跛行。所有患者临床体格检查均显示小腿后侧压痛,部分患者伴有肿胀,皮下可见散在淤斑。所有患者均在伤后48 h内接受超声检查。
291例患者中确诊腓肠肌损伤171例(58.8%),其中,腓肠肌Ⅰ级损伤55例(32.2%),Ⅱ级损伤109例(63.7%),Ⅲ级损伤7例(4.1%);余120例无腓肠肌损伤。171例腓肠肌损伤患者中,内侧头单侧损伤138例(80.7%),外侧头单侧损伤10例(5.8%),内、外侧头双侧损伤2例(1.2%);内侧头合并跖肌损伤17例(9.9%),内侧头合并跟腱损伤1例(0.6%),内侧头合并比目鱼肌损伤1例(0.6%),外侧头合并跖肌损伤2例(1.2%)。
Ⅰ级损伤,损伤区腓肠肌较对侧肿胀增厚,回声不均,未见明显血肿及局限性异常回声(图1A);Ⅱ级损伤,损伤区腓肠肌内侧头腱肌结合处部分肌纤维连续性中断,内可见梭形低回声区,低回声区内可见片状无回声(图1B);Ⅲ级损伤,损伤区腓肠肌跟腱交界处连续性完全中断,断端肌肉回缩,断端处可见大量无回声区(图1C)。
与无腓肠肌损伤者比较,腓肠肌损伤患者年龄较大(P<0.05),但性别和损伤侧别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。不同分级的腓肠肌损伤患者基线特征比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
在291例疑似腓肠肌损伤患者中,3名不同年资超声科医师分别诊断腓肠肌损伤173例(59.5%)、171例(58.8%)、171例(58.8%);其中诊断Ⅰ级损伤分别为45例、51例、54例,诊断Ⅱ级损伤分别为120例、112例、110例,诊断Ⅲ级损伤分别为8例、8例、7例。3名不同年资超声科医师诊断结果的一致性ICC值为0.947(P<0.001)。
共有29例腓肠肌损伤患者行MRI检查,MRI诊断腓肠肌Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级损伤分别为8例(27.6%)、18例(62.1%)、3例(10.3%),而MSUS诊断腓肠肌Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级损伤分别为9例(31.0%)、17例(58.6%)、3例(10.3%)。MSUS与MRI诊断腓肠肌损伤分级的一致性Kappa值为0.808(P<0.01)。
腓肠肌是一组位于小腿后侧浅层的肌肉,分为内侧头和外侧头,分别起于股骨内、外上髁,与深方的比目鱼肌共同形成小腿三头肌,向下移行为粗大的跟腱止于跟骨结节[1]。腓肠肌内含有较多Ⅱ型快肌纤维,后者跨越了踝关节和膝关节,可为行走、跑步和跳跃提供推动力[18],同时可使身体维持直立,防止身体前倾。腓肠肌内侧头较外侧头更长,产生的张力也大于外侧头,但内侧头缩短速度潜力低于外侧头,因此,腓肠肌内侧头比外侧头更易损伤[19]。本研究中,腓肠肌内侧头损伤占比为93.0%(159/171),与代孟等[20]的研究结果一致。不同分级的腓肠肌损伤需要采用不同的治疗方式:Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级损伤常采用非手术治疗,包括休息、冰敷、热疗、水浴、加压和制动等;而对于Ⅲ级损伤,由于腓肠肌完全断裂,非手术治疗效果不佳,通常采用手术治疗[9,21]。尽管MRI能准确诊断腓肠肌损伤严重程度[19],但由于预约和检查时间较长、费用较高,以及体内金属异物等的制约,限制了其临床应用。本研究经MSUS诊断为腓肠肌损伤的171例患者中,只有29例接受了MRI检查。
相比之下,MSUS操作便捷、禁忌证较少、可动态观察、可重复性高[17],已成为腓肠肌损伤诊断的常用方法之一。然而,当腓肠肌损伤较轻时,如仅有轻度肌肉肿胀,超声特点不明显,Ⅰ级损伤与正常腓肠肌之间的鉴别存在一定难度,偶有误诊或漏诊情况[22]。随着损伤程度加重,受周围出血及腱膜的干扰,超声检查时部分Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级损伤难以区分[23]。因此,为提高MSUS在腓肠肌损伤分级中的准确度,超声医师需要准确区分肌腱与腱膜,进行多角度、多切面动态扫查和对比扫查,以减少误诊和漏诊。总体而言,MSUS误诊和漏诊率较低。本研究分析不同年资医师诊断腓肠肌损伤分级的一致性,结果显示其一致性极好,提示MSUS在不同年资医师中具有较高的临床适用性。另外,本研究结果显示,MSUS在诊断腓肠肌损伤及其分级方面与MRI的一致性很高,提示MSUS作为一种便捷、无创、经济的检查手段,在腓肠肌损伤评估中具有重要的临床价值。与MRI相比,MSUS具有禁忌证少、操作灵活、可动态观察且重复性高等优势[21],可作为诊断腓肠肌损伤的首选方法。
本研究显示,腓肠肌损伤患者男女占比分别为85.9%和14.1%,男性明显多于女性;究其原因,可能与男性和女性的运动方式不同有关。篮球、跑步等需要快速移动、跳跃的运动在男性中更流行[24],而这些运动易导致腓肠肌因骤然承受大负荷而出现损伤[25]。本研究中腓肠肌损伤患者年龄为(39.9±12.2)岁,与既往研究一致[7]。当年龄≥40岁时,腓肠肌退变速度加快,损伤风险增加[26],甚至在日常活动中也可能发生腓肠肌损伤;本组病例中1例中年患者和6例老年患者在正常行走过程中出现腓肠肌损伤。本研究结果还显示,腓肠肌Ⅲ级损伤占比为4.1%,Ⅰ级损伤占比32.2%,明显低于王军辉等[7]的报道。这可能与部分Ⅰ级损伤患者临床仅表现为轻微疼痛且无明显肌肉功能障碍,因此就医比例较低有关;而Ⅲ级损伤患者因临床体征明显,肌肉功能几乎完全丧失,因此多选择MRI检查而未接受MSUS检查。
本研究仍存在一定的局限性:(1)接受MRI检查的患者数量较少且缺乏腓肠肌损伤诊断的“金标准”,无法进一步评估MSUS诊断的准确性及其临床效能;(2)纳入病例均为在超声科就诊的患者,不能完全代表普通人群中的腓肠肌损伤情况;(3)作为回顾性研究,选用的均为超声检查的静态图像,可能存在图像存储不规范导致读图误差,进而影响医师判断的准确性。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,MSUS可用于腓肠肌急性损伤的分级诊断,且不同资历医师诊断结果的一致性较高,建议将其作为疑似腓肠肌损伤的首选临床检查方法。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1105.2025.0221
  • 接收时间:2024-07-21
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-21
  • 录用日期:2024-12-10
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    中部战区总医院超声诊断科,湖北武汉 430070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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