Article(id=1190310111810781623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1662.0831, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702742400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706112000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-25, onlineDate=1761721645548, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761721645548, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761721645548, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761721645548, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190243275249390089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='505', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761705710470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765784077922, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=523, endPage=530, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190310113010352578, articleId=1190310111810781623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Relationship between visceral adiposity index and nocturia: an analysis based on NHANES database from 2007 to 2020, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the relationship between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and nocturia in the US adult population. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. Data from subjects aged ≥20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2020 were collected, including waist circumference, triglyceride, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein, age, gender, race, poverty income ratio, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep disorders, depression, occupation, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, cancer, and nocturnal urination frequency. Weighted analysis, multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model (GAM), and curve fitting were employed to evaluate the association between VAI and nocturia, adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty income ratio, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep disorders, depression, occupation, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, race, hypertension and diabetes to further evaluate the relationship between VAI and the risk of nocturia. Results A total of 29,196 American adults were included. All subjects were divided into 4 groups based on VAI quartiles: Q1 group (0.32≤VAI<1.01), Q2 group (1.01≤VAI<1.70), Q3 group (1.70≤VAI<2.95), and Q4 group (2.95≤VAI<13.59), with nocturia prevalence rates of 28.5%, 31.4%, 33.3%, and 34.9%, respectively. In subgroup analyses, the risk of nocturia significantly increased with higher VAI in the 20-40 age group, females and other Hispanics (OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.006; OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, P=0.035; OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.09, P=0.026). GAM analysis results showed a nonlinear relationship between VAI and nocturia. Conclusion VAI is positively associated with the risk of nocturia, and may be an effective indicator for predicting the risk of nocturia occurrence.

, correspAuthors=Qing Yuan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 分析美国成年人群内脏肥胖指数(VAI)与夜尿症之间的关系。方法 本研究为横断面研究。收集2007-2020年美国国家健康与营养检查调查(NHANES)数据库中年龄≥20岁的受试者的相关数据,包括腰围、三酰甘油、体重指数(BMI)、高密度脂蛋白、年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭、癌症及夜间小便情况等指标。采用加权、多因素logistic分析、广义加性模型(GAM)和曲线拟合等方法,通过调整年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和癌症等因素,并按照年龄、性别、种族、高血压和糖尿病进行亚组分析,评估VAI与夜尿症的关系。结果 共纳入29 196名美国成年人。所有参与者根据VAI四分位数分为4组:Q1组(0.32≤VAI<1.01)、Q2组(1.01≤VAI<1.70)、Q3组(1.70≤VAI<2.95)与Q4组(2.95≤VAI≤13.59),其夜尿症发生率分别为28.5%、31.4%、33.3%、34.9%。在亚组分析中,随着VAI增加,20~40年龄段、女性以及其他西班牙裔夜尿症发生风险明显升高(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.01~1.08,P=0.006;OR=1.02,95%CI 1.00~1.04,P=0.035;OR=1.05,95%CI 1.01~1.09,P=0.026)。GAM分析结果显示,VAI与夜尿症之间的关系是非线性的。结论 VAI与夜尿症的发生风险呈正相关,可能是预测夜尿症发生风险的有效指标。

, correspAuthors=袁清, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
袁清,E-mail:
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罗振君,硕士研究生,主要从事泌尿外科下尿路相关疾病的研究

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罗振君,硕士研究生,主要从事泌尿外科下尿路相关疾病的研究

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BJU Int, 2008, 102(7): 808-814., articleTitle=Nocturia and associated morbidity in a Danish population of men and women aged 60-80 years, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444039164804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=64, issue=3, pageStart=329, pageEnd=336, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Ineichen GB, Burkhard FC, journalName=Panminerva Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ineichen GB, Burkhard FC. Metabolic syndrome and male lower urinary tract symptoms[J]. Panminerva Med, 2022, 64(3): 329-336., articleTitle=Metabolic syndrome and male lower urinary tract symptoms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444152411014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=55, issue=4, pageStart=1133, pageEnd=1140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Natali A, Toschi E, Baldeweg S, journalName=Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Natali A, Toschi E, Baldeweg S, et al. Clustering of insulin resistance with vascular dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes[J]. 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J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2012, 132(1-2): 80-92., articleTitle=Testosterone and farnesoid X receptor agonist INT-747 counteract high fat diet-induced bladder alterations in a rabbit model of metabolic syndrome, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444588618638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=9, issue=6, pageStart=453, pageEnd=466, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Fowler CJ, Griffiths D, de Groat WC, journalName=Nat Rev Neurosci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fowler CJ, Griffiths D, de Groat WC. The neural control of micturition[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008, 9(6): 453-466., articleTitle=The neural control of micturition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444659921806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=41714, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Kim SY, Bang W, Kim MS, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim SY, Bang W, Kim MS, et al. Analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with nocturia in adult Korean men[J]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 41714., articleTitle=Analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with nocturia in adult Korean men, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444748002191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=1569, pageEnd=1575, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Moon S, Yu SH, Chung HS, journalName=Neurourol Urodyn, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moon S, Yu SH, Chung HS, et al. Association of nocturia and cardiovascular disease: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2021, 40(6): 1569-1575., articleTitle=Association of nocturia and cardiovascular disease: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444815111057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=38, issue=8, pageStart=2250, pageEnd=2254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Ito H, Aoki Y, Oe H, journalName=Neurourol Urodyn, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ito H, Aoki Y, Oe H, et al. Low and high body mass index values are associated with female nocturia[J]. Neurourol Urodyn, 2019, 38(8): 2250-2254., articleTitle=Low and high body mass index values are associated with female nocturia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330444928357267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=2, pageStart=238, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Lazar JM, Posner A, Akbar K, journalName=J Community Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lazar JM, Posner A, Akbar K, et al. Home blood pressure monitoring and nocturia in adults[J]. J Community Health, 2023, 48(2): 238-244., articleTitle=Home blood pressure monitoring and nocturia in adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190330445138072469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=144, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Moon S, Kim YJ, Chung HS, journalName=Int Neurourol J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moon S, Kim YJ, Chung HS, et al. The relationship between nocturia and mortality: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey[J]. Int Neurourol J, 2022, 26(2): 144-152., articleTitle=The relationship between nocturia and mortality: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190330440306234185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, awardId=2022YFC3602905, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3602905), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190330440465617738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, awardId=2022YFC3602905, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFC3602905), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190330440545309516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, awardId=20220284230, language=EN, fundingSource=Beijing Nova Program(20220284230), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190330440608224078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, awardId=20220284230, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市科技新星计划交叉课题(20220284230), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190330440687915856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, awardId=22QNCZ016, language=EN, fundingSource=Youth Independent Innovation Science Fund of Chinese PLA General Hospital(22QNCZ016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190330440780190546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, awardId=22QNCZ016, language=CN, fundingSource=解放军总医院青年自主创新科学基金(22QNCZ016), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190330435231126236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330435239514844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, companyId=1190330435231126236, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330435247903453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, companyId=1190330435231126236, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东第二医科大学临床医学院,山东潍坊  261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190330435352761055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330435369538272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, companyId=1190330435352761055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330435373732577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, companyId=1190330435352761055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科医学部,北京 100039)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190330435457618661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330435461812966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, companyId=1190330435457618661, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190330435470201575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, companyId=1190330435457618661, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190330439299601209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Association between VAI and nocturia, figureFileSmall=MohpbfsbxcyU562vOVdmvg==, figureFileBig=yETmzKRe0BV+JHOl4mA6BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330439467373371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=CN, label=图1, caption=VAI与夜尿症之间的关系

VAI. 内脏肥胖指数;蓝线表示变量之间的平滑曲线拟合,蓝色虚线范围表示拟合的95%置信区间。该曲线调整了年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和癌症

, figureFileSmall=MohpbfsbxcyU562vOVdmvg==, figureFileBig=yETmzKRe0BV+JHOl4mA6BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330439576425277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of American adults in 2007-2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Q1组(n=7299)Q2组(n=7299)Q3组(n=7299)Q4组(n=7299)χ2P
夜尿症[例(%)]2083(28.5)2290(31.4)2430(33.3)2550(34.9)75.974<0.001
年龄[例(%)]539.888<0.001
20~40岁3021(41.4)2463(33.7)2063(28.3)1846(25.3)
40~60岁2135(29.3)2399(32.9)2508(34.4)2815(38.6)
60~80岁1752(24.0)1981(27.1)2265(31.0)2262(31.0)
≥80岁391(5.4)456(6.2)463(6.3)376(5.2)
性别[例(%)]41.246<0.001
3456(47.3)3778(51.8)3804(52.1)3691(50.6)
3843(52.7)3521(48.2)3495(47.9)3608(49.4)
种族[例(%)]1220.578<0.001
非西班牙裔白人2813(38.5)2998(41.1)3142(43.0)3295(45.1)
非西班牙裔黑人2327(31.9)1742(23.9)1246(17.1)825(11.3)
墨西哥裔美国人675(9.2)970(13.3)1255(17.2)1401(19.2)
其他西班牙裔605(8.3)770(10.5)852(11.7)909(12.5)
其他879(12.0)819(11.2)804(11.0)869(11.9)
贫困收入比[例(%)]150.868<0.001
<1.3%1834(25.1)1949(26.7)2055(28.2)2333(32.0)
1.3%~3.5%2464(33.8)2473(33.9)2542(34.8)2521(34.5)
>3.5%2345(32.1)2204(30.2)2015(27.6)1798(24.6)
未知656(9.0)673(9.2)687(9.4)647(8.9)
学历[例(%)]347.511<0.001
高中以下1270(17.4)1527(20.9)1822(25.0)2052(28.1)
高中或GED1600(21.9)1673(22.9)1704(23.3)1772(24.3)
高中以上4429(60.7)4099(56.2)3773(51.7)3475(47.6)
婚姻状况[例(%)]508.881<0.001
已婚或与伴侣同住3967(54.3)4288(58.7)4443(60.9)4704(64.4)
丧偶、离婚、分居1421(19.5)1589(21.8)1707(23.4)1686(23.1)
未结婚1911(26.2)1422(19.5)1149(15.7)909(12.5)
吸烟[例(%)]132.962<0.001
从不4325(59.3)4199(57.5)4010(54.9)3721(51.0)
曾经1562(21.4)1744(23.9)1873(25.7)1907(26.1)
当前1412(19.3)1356(18.6)1416(19.4)1671(22.9)
饮酒[例(%)]5828(79.8)5646(77.4)5585(76.5)5330(73.0)97.468<0.001
睡眠障碍[例(%)]1606(22.0)1850(25.3)2056(28.2)2242(30.7)157.556<0.001
抑郁[例(%)]655(9.0)697(9.5)868(11.9)1022(14.0)118.114<0.001
工作[例(%)]4582(62.8)4276(58.6)3982(54.6)3844(52.7)180.474<0.001
高血压[例(%)]2008(27.5)2461(33.7)2923(40.0)3308(45.3)562.288<0.001
糖尿病[例(%)]670.525<0.001
6646(91.1)6370(87.3)6029(82.6)5592(76.6)
503(6.9)768(10.5)1080(14.8)1472(20.2)
未知150(2.1)161(2.2)190(2.6)235(3.2)
充血性心力衰竭[例(%)]153(2.1)211(2.9)248(3.4)291(4.0)46.912<0.001
癌症[例(%)]614(8.4)647(8.9)788(10.8)794(10.9)41.031<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1190330439693865792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2007-2020年美国成年人群基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Q1组(n=7299)Q2组(n=7299)Q3组(n=7299)Q4组(n=7299)χ2P
夜尿症[例(%)]2083(28.5)2290(31.4)2430(33.3)2550(34.9)75.974<0.001
年龄[例(%)]539.888<0.001
20~40岁3021(41.4)2463(33.7)2063(28.3)1846(25.3)
40~60岁2135(29.3)2399(32.9)2508(34.4)2815(38.6)
60~80岁1752(24.0)1981(27.1)2265(31.0)2262(31.0)
≥80岁391(5.4)456(6.2)463(6.3)376(5.2)
性别[例(%)]41.246<0.001
3456(47.3)3778(51.8)3804(52.1)3691(50.6)
3843(52.7)3521(48.2)3495(47.9)3608(49.4)
种族[例(%)]1220.578<0.001
非西班牙裔白人2813(38.5)2998(41.1)3142(43.0)3295(45.1)
非西班牙裔黑人2327(31.9)1742(23.9)1246(17.1)825(11.3)
墨西哥裔美国人675(9.2)970(13.3)1255(17.2)1401(19.2)
其他西班牙裔605(8.3)770(10.5)852(11.7)909(12.5)
其他879(12.0)819(11.2)804(11.0)869(11.9)
贫困收入比[例(%)]150.868<0.001
<1.3%1834(25.1)1949(26.7)2055(28.2)2333(32.0)
1.3%~3.5%2464(33.8)2473(33.9)2542(34.8)2521(34.5)
>3.5%2345(32.1)2204(30.2)2015(27.6)1798(24.6)
未知656(9.0)673(9.2)687(9.4)647(8.9)
学历[例(%)]347.511<0.001
高中以下1270(17.4)1527(20.9)1822(25.0)2052(28.1)
高中或GED1600(21.9)1673(22.9)1704(23.3)1772(24.3)
高中以上4429(60.7)4099(56.2)3773(51.7)3475(47.6)
婚姻状况[例(%)]508.881<0.001
已婚或与伴侣同住3967(54.3)4288(58.7)4443(60.9)4704(64.4)
丧偶、离婚、分居1421(19.5)1589(21.8)1707(23.4)1686(23.1)
未结婚1911(26.2)1422(19.5)1149(15.7)909(12.5)
吸烟[例(%)]132.962<0.001
从不4325(59.3)4199(57.5)4010(54.9)3721(51.0)
曾经1562(21.4)1744(23.9)1873(25.7)1907(26.1)
当前1412(19.3)1356(18.6)1416(19.4)1671(22.9)
饮酒[例(%)]5828(79.8)5646(77.4)5585(76.5)5330(73.0)97.468<0.001
睡眠障碍[例(%)]1606(22.0)1850(25.3)2056(28.2)2242(30.7)157.556<0.001
抑郁[例(%)]655(9.0)697(9.5)868(11.9)1022(14.0)118.114<0.001
工作[例(%)]4582(62.8)4276(58.6)3982(54.6)3844(52.7)180.474<0.001
高血压[例(%)]2008(27.5)2461(33.7)2923(40.0)3308(45.3)562.288<0.001
糖尿病[例(%)]670.525<0.001
6646(91.1)6370(87.3)6029(82.6)5592(76.6)
503(6.9)768(10.5)1080(14.8)1472(20.2)
未知150(2.1)161(2.2)190(2.6)235(3.2)
充血性心力衰竭[例(%)]153(2.1)211(2.9)248(3.4)291(4.0)46.912<0.001
癌症[例(%)]614(8.4)647(8.9)788(10.8)794(10.9)41.031<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1190330439798723393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of the relationship between VAI and nocturia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
VAI(连续)1.04(1.03~1.06)<0.0011.05(1.04~1.06)<0.0011.01(0.99~1.02)0.375
VAI四分位数
Q11.00-1.001.00-
Q21.14(1.07~1.23)<0.0011.10(1.07~1.13)<0.0011.04(0.96~1.12)0.342
Q31.25(1.16~1.34)<0.0011.18(1.09~1.27)<0.0011.01(0.94~1.10)0.749
Q41.34(1.25~1.44)<0.0011.33(1.22~1.44)<0.0011.04(0.96~1.12)0.370
), ArticleFig(id=1190330439890998082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

VAI与夜尿症关系的多因素logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
VAI(连续)1.04(1.03~1.06)<0.0011.05(1.04~1.06)<0.0011.01(0.99~1.02)0.375
VAI四分位数
Q11.00-1.001.00-
Q21.14(1.07~1.23)<0.0011.10(1.07~1.13)<0.0011.04(0.96~1.12)0.342
Q31.25(1.16~1.34)<0.0011.18(1.09~1.27)<0.0011.01(0.94~1.10)0.749
Q41.34(1.25~1.44)<0.0011.33(1.22~1.44)<0.0011.04(0.96~1.12)0.370
), ArticleFig(id=1190330439983272772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Subgroup analysis on association of VAI with nocturia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
年龄
20~40岁1.05(1.03~1.08)<0.0011.10(1.07~1.13)0.0111.04(1.01~1.08)0.006
40~60岁1.02(1.00~1.05)0.0171.05(1.03~1.07)<0.0011.00(0.98~1.02)0.840
60~80岁1.02(1.00~1.05)0.0361.04(1.02~1.06)0.0011.00(0.98~1.03)0.789
≥80岁0.97(0.97~1.02)0.2610.97(0.92~1.03)0.3860.96(0.90~1.02)0.173
种族
墨西哥裔美国人1.04(1.02~1.07)0.0021.02(0.99~1.06)0.1141.00(0.97~1.04)0.861
非西班牙裔白人1.08(1.05~1.12)<0.0011.05(1.02~1.09)0.0041.00(0.96~1.040.953
非西班牙裔黑人1.06(1.04~1.08)<0.0011.05(1.03~1.07)<0.0011.00(0.98~1.02)0.799
其他西班牙裔1.11(1.07~1.15)<0.0011.08(1.04~1.13)<0.0011.05(1.01~1.09)0.026
其他1.05(1.02~1.09)0.0051.04(1.00~1.08)0.0511.01(0.96~1.05)0.776
性别
1.08(1.06~1.10)<0.0011.08(1.06~1.10)<0.0011.02(1.00~1.04)0.035
1.01(0.99~1.02)0.4981.02(1.01~1.04)0.0111.00(0.98~1.02)0.895
糖尿病
1.03(1.01~1.04)<0.0011.04(1.02~1.06)<0.0011.01(0.99~1.02)0.316
0.99(0.97~1.02)0.6141.02(0.99~1.05)0.2611.00(0.97~1.03)0.877
未知0.98(0.92~1.05)0.5591.02(0.95~1.10)0.5061.00(0.93~1.08)0.908
高血压
1.04(1.02~1.06)<0.0011.05(1.03~1.07)<0.0011.02(1.00~1.04)0.107
0.99(0.97~1.01)0.4061.02(1.00~1.04)0.0511.00(0.98~1.02)0.625
), ArticleFig(id=1190330440079741766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111810781623, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

VAI与夜尿症关系的亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目模型1模型2模型3
OR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)POR(95%CI)P
年龄
20~40岁1.05(1.03~1.08)<0.0011.10(1.07~1.13)0.0111.04(1.01~1.08)0.006
40~60岁1.02(1.00~1.05)0.0171.05(1.03~1.07)<0.0011.00(0.98~1.02)0.840
60~80岁1.02(1.00~1.05)0.0361.04(1.02~1.06)0.0011.00(0.98~1.03)0.789
≥80岁0.97(0.97~1.02)0.2610.97(0.92~1.03)0.3860.96(0.90~1.02)0.173
种族
墨西哥裔美国人1.04(1.02~1.07)0.0021.02(0.99~1.06)0.1141.00(0.97~1.04)0.861
非西班牙裔白人1.08(1.05~1.12)<0.0011.05(1.02~1.09)0.0041.00(0.96~1.040.953
非西班牙裔黑人1.06(1.04~1.08)<0.0011.05(1.03~1.07)<0.0011.00(0.98~1.02)0.799
其他西班牙裔1.11(1.07~1.15)<0.0011.08(1.04~1.13)<0.0011.05(1.01~1.09)0.026
其他1.05(1.02~1.09)0.0051.04(1.00~1.08)0.0511.01(0.96~1.05)0.776
性别
1.08(1.06~1.10)<0.0011.08(1.06~1.10)<0.0011.02(1.00~1.04)0.035
1.01(0.99~1.02)0.4981.02(1.01~1.04)0.0111.00(0.98~1.02)0.895
糖尿病
1.03(1.01~1.04)<0.0011.04(1.02~1.06)<0.0011.01(0.99~1.02)0.316
0.99(0.97~1.02)0.6141.02(0.99~1.05)0.2611.00(0.97~1.03)0.877
未知0.98(0.92~1.05)0.5591.02(0.95~1.10)0.5061.00(0.93~1.08)0.908
高血压
1.04(1.02~1.06)<0.0011.05(1.03~1.07)<0.0011.02(1.00~1.04)0.107
0.99(0.97~1.01)0.4061.02(1.00~1.04)0.0511.00(0.98~1.02)0.625
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内脏肥胖指数与夜尿症的关系:一项基于2007-2020年NHANES数据库的分析
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罗振君 1, 2 , 郝晓伟 2 , 王杰 1, 2 , 黄帅 2, 3 , 吴洋洋 2 , 吕凯凯 2 , 杨国荣 2 , 袁清 1, 2, *
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2025, 50(5): 523-530
内脏肥胖指数与夜尿症的关系:一项基于2007-2020年NHANES数据库的分析
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罗振君1, 2, 郝晓伟2, 王杰1, 2, 黄帅2, 3, 吴洋洋2, 吕凯凯2, 杨国荣2, 袁清1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1山东第二医科大学临床医学院,山东潍坊  261053
  • 2解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科医学部,北京 100039
  • 3河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000
  • 罗振君,硕士研究生,主要从事泌尿外科下尿路相关疾病的研究

通讯作者:

袁清,E-mail:
Relationship between visceral adiposity index and nocturia: an analysis based on NHANES database from 2007 to 2020
Zhen-Jun Luo1, 2, Xiao-Wei Hao2, Jie Wang1, 2, Shuai Huang2, 3, Yang-Yang Wu2, Kai-Kai Lyu2, Guo-Rong Yang2, Qing Yuan1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
  • 2Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
  • 3Department of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1662.0831
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目的 分析美国成年人群内脏肥胖指数(VAI)与夜尿症之间的关系。方法 本研究为横断面研究。收集2007-2020年美国国家健康与营养检查调查(NHANES)数据库中年龄≥20岁的受试者的相关数据,包括腰围、三酰甘油、体重指数(BMI)、高密度脂蛋白、年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭、癌症及夜间小便情况等指标。采用加权、多因素logistic分析、广义加性模型(GAM)和曲线拟合等方法,通过调整年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和癌症等因素,并按照年龄、性别、种族、高血压和糖尿病进行亚组分析,评估VAI与夜尿症的关系。结果 共纳入29 196名美国成年人。所有参与者根据VAI四分位数分为4组:Q1组(0.32≤VAI<1.01)、Q2组(1.01≤VAI<1.70)、Q3组(1.70≤VAI<2.95)与Q4组(2.95≤VAI≤13.59),其夜尿症发生率分别为28.5%、31.4%、33.3%、34.9%。在亚组分析中,随着VAI增加,20~40年龄段、女性以及其他西班牙裔夜尿症发生风险明显升高(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.01~1.08,P=0.006;OR=1.02,95%CI 1.00~1.04,P=0.035;OR=1.05,95%CI 1.01~1.09,P=0.026)。GAM分析结果显示,VAI与夜尿症之间的关系是非线性的。结论 VAI与夜尿症的发生风险呈正相关,可能是预测夜尿症发生风险的有效指标。

夜尿症  /  内脏肥胖指数  /  相关性  /  横断面研究

Objective To analyze the relationship between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and nocturia in the US adult population. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. Data from subjects aged ≥20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2020 were collected, including waist circumference, triglyceride, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein, age, gender, race, poverty income ratio, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep disorders, depression, occupation, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, cancer, and nocturnal urination frequency. Weighted analysis, multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model (GAM), and curve fitting were employed to evaluate the association between VAI and nocturia, adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty income ratio, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep disorders, depression, occupation, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, race, hypertension and diabetes to further evaluate the relationship between VAI and the risk of nocturia. Results A total of 29,196 American adults were included. All subjects were divided into 4 groups based on VAI quartiles: Q1 group (0.32≤VAI<1.01), Q2 group (1.01≤VAI<1.70), Q3 group (1.70≤VAI<2.95), and Q4 group (2.95≤VAI<13.59), with nocturia prevalence rates of 28.5%, 31.4%, 33.3%, and 34.9%, respectively. In subgroup analyses, the risk of nocturia significantly increased with higher VAI in the 20-40 age group, females and other Hispanics (OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.006; OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, P=0.035; OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.09, P=0.026). GAM analysis results showed a nonlinear relationship between VAI and nocturia. Conclusion VAI is positively associated with the risk of nocturia, and may be an effective indicator for predicting the risk of nocturia occurrence.

nocturia  /  visceral obesity index  /  association  /  cross-sectional analysis
罗振君, 郝晓伟, 王杰, 黄帅, 吴洋洋, 吕凯凯, 杨国荣, 袁清. 内脏肥胖指数与夜尿症的关系:一项基于2007-2020年NHANES数据库的分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (5) : 523 -530 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1662.0831
Zhen-Jun Luo, Xiao-Wei Hao, Jie Wang, Shuai Huang, Yang-Yang Wu, Kai-Kai Lyu, Guo-Rong Yang, Qing Yuan. Relationship between visceral adiposity index and nocturia: an analysis based on NHANES database from 2007 to 2020[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (5) : 523 -530 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1662.0831
健康生活质量问卷评估显示,夜尿症是所有下尿路症状(lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS)中最令人烦恼的,也是与生活质量下降最密切相关的疾病[1-2]。夜尿症的病理生理学机制复杂,一般可分为泌尿系统和非泌尿系统起源两大类[3]。泌尿系统起源的夜尿症主要与LUTS相关,包括良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)和膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder,OAB)。而肥胖、睡眠状态、葡萄糖耐受不良、高血压、心脏病、中枢神经系统疾病和抑郁与非泌尿系统起源的夜尿症相关[4]。目前的研究表明,代谢综合征与夜尿症的发生风险增加有关[5],其中肥胖的作用引起了研究人员的更多关注[6-7]。肥胖已成为许多国家的公共卫生问题[8],其与机体大多数慢性疾病有关,除引起心血管疾病外,体内脂肪堆积过多还可能增加血清中尿酸的产生并抑制其排泄,最终导致尿酸代谢紊乱并影响肾功能。Shiri等[9]发现,体重指数(body mass index,BMI)高的男性轻度夜尿症的发生风险较BMI正常男性高0.6倍(95%CI 1.1~2.4),而中度或重度夜尿症的发生风险高1.3倍(95%CI 1.1~4.7)。此外,肥胖引起的BMI和腰围变化与夜尿症发生风险呈正相关,腰围增大是夜尿症发生风险增加的独立危险因素[6]。尽管高BMI与夜尿症密切相关,但BMI并不能代表具体的代谢综合征紊乱类型,即代谢综合征与夜尿症状的相关性不一定显著。此外,BMI并不能精确衡量肥胖状态,如存在部分腹型肥胖但BMI并不高的人群以及BMI高但并不肥胖的健身人群。因此预测夜尿症发生风险的肥胖指标应更加可靠、准确且具有代表性。
内脏肥胖指数(visceral adiposity index,VAI)通过结合腰围、BMI两个测量指标以及三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白两个代谢指标在临床上用于评估内脏脂肪水平[10],综合考虑了外在躯体测量指标与内在代谢指标,可更全面地评估机体的肥胖状态及代谢紊乱等[11]。VAI已成为高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病等疾病发病风险的可靠预测指标[12-14]。一项研究表明,BMI、腰围、三酰甘油及高密度脂蛋白与夜尿症的发展密切相关[15],但目前身体总体状态与夜尿症之间关系的证据有限,且临床上也缺乏便捷、实用、全面的指标评估其关系。本研究基于美国国家健康与营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,NHANES)数据库分析VAI与夜尿症之间的关系,以期为预测夜尿症的发生风险提供依据。
本研究为横断面研究。NHANES是一个由美国疾病控制和预防中心组织,通过访谈、检查和实验室研究来评估参与调查的美国人健康和营养状况的研究项目,其设计、数据收集程序、样本权重和知情同意书由美国国家卫生统计中心详细阐述,相关数据可从中公开获得。纳入标准:(1)NHANES数据库2007-2020年纳入的受试者;(2)年龄≥20岁。排除标准:(1)怀孕;(2)夜尿症问卷回答不全;(3)VAI为空值;(4)缺失值。
收集受试者的腰围、三酰甘油、BMI、高密度脂蛋白、年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭、癌症及夜间小便情况等指标。
主要结局指标为受试者是否有夜尿症。通过NHANES数据库发布的2007-2020年数据集,筛选其中与夜尿症相关的问卷,对“在过去30 d内,从晚上睡觉到早上起床,您每晚最常起床小便几次?”的答案为“两次或两次以上”者被认为患有夜尿症。主要暴露因素为VAI,并将其作为主要变量。根据性别特定的数学模型计算VAI:
男性VAI=腰围36.58+1.89×BMI×三酰甘油0.81×1.52高密度脂蛋白
女性VAI=腰围39.68+1.88×BMI×三酰甘油1.03×1.31高密度脂蛋白
为了使夜尿症与VAI之间的关联更加稳健,调整以下协变量:年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和癌症。年龄分为20~40岁、40~60岁、60~80岁和≥80岁。种族包括非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、墨西哥裔美国人、其他西班牙裔和其他。贫困收入比分别定为≤1.3%、1.3%~3.5%、>3.5%和未知。学历包括高中以下、高中或美国高中同等学历证书(General Educational Development,GED)、高中以上。婚姻状况包括已婚或与伴侣同住,丧偶、离婚、分居,以及未结婚。吸烟定义为从不、曾经及当前吸烟。饮酒被定义为每年<12杯或≥12杯酒精饮料。采用PHQ-9问卷评估脑卒中患者抑郁状态,评分≥10分定义为抑郁。
将所有受试者根据VAI四分位数分为Q1组(0.32≤VAI<1.01)、Q2组(1.01≤VAI<1.70)、Q3组(1.70≤VAI<2.95)与Q4组(2.95≤VAI<13.59),使用多因素logistic回归模型分析VAI与夜尿症的关系,并针对各种潜在混杂因素进行调整。模型1未调整。模型2根据年龄、性别和种族进行调整。模型3根据年龄、性别、种族、贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和癌症进行调整。然后将年龄、种族、性别、糖尿病以及高血压作为亚组,使用逻辑回归模型进行亚组分析,探寻VAI与夜尿症之间的关系。回归风险模型中包括的所有协变量均测试是否符合比例风险假设。另外,利用广义加性模型(generalized additive models,GAM)和曲线拟合,进一步分析VAI与夜尿症发生风险是否存在非线性关联。如果是,则进行两段线性回归模型分析,以平滑图的形式计算VAI对夜尿症的阈值效应,并使用递归方法自动计算拐点。
所有数据均使用R软件4.2.2版进行分析。计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用logistic回归模型分析VAI与夜尿症的关系,并对各种潜在的混杂因素进行调整。以VAI为连续和分类变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,通过将VAI四分位数视为连续变量来估计趋势。使用分层logistic回归模型对潜在的混杂因素进行亚组分析。采用GAM和曲线拟合分析VAI与夜尿症发生风险之间是否存在非线性关联。所有统计检验均为双侧检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
最终纳入29 196名参与者。将所有参与者根据VAI四分位数分为Q1组、Q2组、Q3组与Q4组,每组7299名。表1展示了不同VAI组的基线特征。Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4组夜尿症的发生率分别为28.5%、31.4%、33.3%、34.9%。20~40年龄段人群在VAI更低的人群中占比更高,各组中占比分别为41.4%、33.7%、28.3%、25.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。相较于男性,女性在VAI更高的人群中占比更高(P<0.001),在Q2、Q3和Q4组中分别为51.8%、52.6%、50.6%。随着VAI的增加,患抑郁、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭或癌症人群的占比升高(P<0.001)。
对混杂因素进行不同调整的多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在连续变量模型1(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.03~1.06,P<0.001)和模型2(OR=1.05,95%CI 1.04~1.06,P<0.001)中,VAI增加显示出夜尿症发生风险增加的趋势。在模型3(OR=1.01,95%CI 0.99~1.02,P=0.375)中,VAI与夜尿症发生风险无明显关系;在分类变量模型3中VAI与夜尿症也未显示出明显的关系(表2)。
表3显示了亚组分析的结果。年龄亚组分析结果显示,在模型1和模型2中VAI增加均显示出夜尿症发生风险增加的趋势,在模型3中仅20~40岁年龄段人群VAI每增加一个单位则夜尿症发生风险增加4%(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.01~1.08,P=0.006),而在其他3个年龄段VAI与夜尿症发生风险无明显关系。种族亚组分析结果显示,在模型3中其他西班牙裔的VAI每增加一个单位,夜尿症的发生风险增加5%(OR=1.05,95%CI 1.01~1.09,P=0.026),而在其他几个种族VAI与夜尿症发生风险无明显关系。性别亚组分析结果显示,在模型3中女性的VAI每增加一个单位,夜尿症的发生风险增加2%(OR=1.02,95%CI 1.00~1.04,P=0.035),而在男性中未发现VAI与夜尿症发生风险有明显关系。糖尿病与高血压亚组分析结果显示,在模型1和模型2中未患糖尿病或高血压者VAI增加均显示出夜尿症发生风险增加的趋势,而在模型3中均未发现其存在明显关系。
GAM和平滑曲线拟合(图1)分析显示,随着VAI的增加,夜尿症发生概率在VAI达到一定值后呈现下降趋势然后再次升高,但发生夜尿症的总体风险呈增加趋势。进一步进行分段线性回归以找到拐点:当VAI<1.919时,VAI每增加一个单位,夜尿症的发生风险增加2%(OR=1.02,95%CI 0.93~1.11,P=0.678),提示VAI与夜尿之间的关联是非线性的。
本研究基于NHANES数据库中的大量人口数据,分析VAI与夜尿症发生风险之间的关系。结果表明,在20~40岁年龄段、其他西班牙裔以及女性中,VAI与夜尿症的发生率呈正相关。VAI增加显示出夜尿症总体风险增加的趋势,尽管并不显著。因此,笔者认为VAI与夜尿症发生风险之间存在一定的关系,有可能成为临床评估夜尿症发生风险的指标。作为内脏肥胖障碍的特定指标,VAI具有比腰围、BMI、血脂更高的敏感度和特异度,与心血管疾病、高血压、胰岛素抵抗、非酒精性脂肪肝、慢性肾脏病和甲状腺功能明显相关[14,16-19]。一项横断面研究显示,身体脂肪或内脏脂肪积累与夜尿症有关[20]。肥胖可通过中枢性肥胖引起的腹内压增加而增加膀胱压力和尿道活动能力[21]。另一项研究发现,BMI和脂肪量(总量及百分比)较高的男性更有可能罹患夜尿症[22],较高的脂肪量更容易导致夜尿症。由于较高的体重与老年男性的脂肪量增加以及瘦体重增加有关,BMI与夜尿症之间的关联可能是由较高的脂肪量而不是单独的BMI驱动的。因此,与体重或BMI相比,内脏脂肪可能是更好的夜尿症预测指标。虽然关于VAI与夜尿症关联的直接证据相当有限,但腰围、BMI、血脂是计算VAI的临床指标,它们与夜尿症之间的相关性已得到广泛证实[6,23-25],这可能是较高的VAI更可能导致夜尿症发生发展的原因。
VAI增加导致夜尿症发生风险增高的机制尚未完全阐明,但可能与以下几个方面有关。首先,内脏肥胖与胰岛素抵抗密切相关[26],而胰岛素抵抗可抑制胰岛素受体在肾小管细胞和足细胞上的表达[27],从而影响肾小管的重吸收、分泌和排泄功能。其次,脂肪组织不仅对来自传统激素系统和中枢神经系统的传入信号做出反应,而且可表达及分泌蛋白质激活肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统来改变尿液的排泄[28]。第三,Morelli等[29]建立的兔模型证实了高脂饮食诱导的代谢综合征(包括内脏脂肪增加)与膀胱紊乱有关。VAI更高的人群接受高脂饮食的可能性更大,更易引起膀胱紊乱(包括炎症、缺氧和纤维化等),从而引起排尿的改变。最后,内脏肥胖可引起腹内压升高,从而增加膀胱压力,使膀胱被动扩张,膀胱壁内的牵张感受器受到刺激而兴奋,冲动沿盆神经传入纤维传到骶髓的排尿反射初级中枢,同时由脊髓将膀胱肿胀的信息上传至大脑皮质的排尿反射高级中枢,进而产生尿意[30]
本研究中模型3调整了多种潜在混杂因素后,发现VAI与夜尿症无明显关系,这可能是因为相较于模型2,模型3对贫困收入比、学历、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠障碍、抑郁、工作、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和癌症这些变量进行调整后,受到了其他未考虑到的混杂因素的影响,掩盖了VAI与夜尿症之间的真实关系,从而使研究结果产生系统性偏离;也可能是纳入分析模型的混杂因素过多,整体样本量相对较少,导致检验效能下降。在曲线拟合中,随着VAI的增加,发生夜尿症的风险总体趋势增加,且在VAI较低与较高部分发生夜尿症的风险趋势增加得更快。这可能是因为VAI是由BMI、腰围、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白组成的综合性指标,其与夜尿症的关系受到这几个因素的共同影响,从而导致该结果。既往研究发现,高脂血症、腰围>80 cm与夜尿症的发生明显相关[23,31-32],而在BMI与夜尿症的关系方面,低BMI(<18.5 kg/m2) (OR=1.5,95CI 1.1~1.9,P=0.005)以及高BMI(>25 kg/m2) (OR=1.4,95CI 1.1~1.8,P=0.007)均与夜尿症的发生明显相关[33]。综合BMI、腰围、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白四者与夜尿症发生的关系,这可能是在曲线拟合中VAI与夜尿症的关系并非线性以及在VAI较低与较高部分发生夜尿症的风险趋势增加得更快的原因。本研究的优势在于使用各种亚组分析,因为夜尿症常见于老年女性,且种族、高血压和糖尿病是其常见的危险因素[34-35],对年龄、性别、种族、高血压和糖尿病进行亚组分析非常重要,可以减少其造成的混杂效应。在按年龄分层的亚组分析中,在20~40岁年龄段人群中随着VAI升高,夜尿症的发生风险升高,这提供了管理和控制年轻人群VAI这一预防夜尿症的新策略。低龄是代谢综合征的保护因素,但其对夜尿症的发生发展没有明显的保护作用,因此通过高VAI预测夜尿症可能在年轻人中具有更高的特异性。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,VAI与夜尿症的发生风险呈正相关,提示VAI可能是预测夜尿症发生风险的有效指标。但本研究仍存在一些不足之处。首先,由于采用横断面研究设计,无法得出VAI与夜尿症发生率之间的因果关系;其次,尽管对一些潜在的混杂因素进行了调整,但不能完全排除一些未知变量引起的混杂作用;第三,由于缺乏数据而排除了NHANES数据库中的大多数参与者,可能存在选择偏倚;最后,缺乏通过MRI或CT评估VAI的直接数据。因此,尚无法进一步验证VAI与夜尿症之间的关系。
  • 国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFC3602905)
  • 北京市科技新星计划交叉课题(20220284230)
  • 解放军总医院青年自主创新科学基金(22QNCZ016)
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1662.0831
  • 接收时间:2023-12-17
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-17
  • 录用日期:2024-01-25
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3602905)
国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFC3602905)
Beijing Nova Program(20220284230)
北京市科技新星计划交叉课题(20220284230)
Youth Independent Innovation Science Fund of Chinese PLA General Hospital(22QNCZ016)
解放军总医院青年自主创新科学基金(22QNCZ016)
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    1山东第二医科大学临床医学院,山东潍坊  261053
    2解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科医学部,北京 100039
    3河北北方学院研究生学院,河北张家口 075000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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