Article(id=1190310111609455028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1504.2025.0324, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1733760000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-10, onlineDate=1761721645500, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761721645500, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761721645500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761721645500, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190243275249390089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='505', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761705710470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765784077922, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=599, endPage=606, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190310112926466496, articleId=1190310111609455028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of different exercise acclimatization durations on liver injuries and inflammation responses in exertional heatstroke mice, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To compare the effects of different exercise acclimatization (EA) durations on liver injury and inflammatory response in mice with exertional heatstroke (EHS). Methods A total of 168 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups using a random number table: no exercise acclimation group (EA0W, n=54), 1-week exercise acclimation group (EA1W, n=54), 2-week exercise acclimation group (EA2W, n=54), and blank control group (n=6). The blank control group did not undergo acclimatization training or EHS modeling. The EA1W and EA2W groups underwent daily 2-hour exercise training at a speed of 10 m/min in an environment maintained at (26.0±0.5) ℃ for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, followed by a 2-day rest after training completion. EHS modeling was performed in mice of EA0W, EA1W, and EA2W groups through running at 10 m/min under controlled environmental conditions (39.5 ℃ ambient temperature, 65% relative humidity). The modeling endpoint was defined as loss of consciousness accompanied by a core body temperature ≥42.7 ℃. All modeling procedures were systematically documented. Following modeling, 18 mice from EA0W, EA1W, and EA2W groups underwent 24-hour survival analysis. Blood samples from the abdominal aorta and liver tissues were collected at 6, 12 and 24 hours post-modeling (6 mice per time point for each group). Plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) were quantified. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver tissue specimens underwent hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and pathological scoring. Results The EHS model was successfully established in all EA groups. When all mice in EA0W group developed EHS (65 min after the modeling initiation), the incidence rates in EA1W and EA2W groups were 50.0% and 22.2%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between EA0W group and the latter two groups (P<0.05). When all mice in the three groups developed EHS, the time to EHS onset was significantly longer in both EA1W and EA2W groups compared to EA0W group, with EA2W group showing a longer onset time than EA1W group (P<0.05). Survival analysis revealed a significantly higher 24-hour survival rate in EA2W group (61.1%) compared to EA0W group (33.3%) (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between EA1W group and the other two groups (P>0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and CK were highest at 6 h post-modeling in all EA groups (P<0.05), and liver injury was most severe at 12 h post-modeling (P<0.05). Compared to EA0W group, the levels of ALT, AST, and IL-1β, as well as liver pathology scores, were significantly lower at 12 h post-modeling in both EA1W and EA2W groups (P<0.05), with EA2W group showing significantly lower ALT and AST levels, as well as liver pathology scores than EA1W group (P<0.05). At 6 h post-modeling, CK levels were significantly higher in EA1W and EA2W groups compared to EA0W group (P<0.05), with EA2W group exhibiting higher CK levels than in EA1W group (P<0.05). Conclusions Exercise acclimation helps reduce the incidence of EHS. Following EHS onset, the survival rate of exercise-acclimated mice is higher than that non-acclimated mice, with a significantly higher survival rate in mice acclimated for 2 weeks compared to non-acclimated mice. However, no significant difference in survival rate is observed between mice acclimated for 1 week and non-acclimated mice. Additionally, exercise acclimation for 2 weeks is more effective in reducing liver injury and inflammatory responses compared to 1-week acclimation.

, correspAuthors=Fei-Hu Zhou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 比较不同运动习服时长对劳力型热射病(EHS)小鼠肝损伤和炎症反应的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将168只C57雄性小鼠分为无运动习服组(EA0W组,n=54)、习服1周组(EA1W组,n=54)、习服2周组(EA2W组,n=54)及空白对照组(n=6)。空白对照组不进行习服训练及造模;EA1W组、EA2W组在(26.0±0.5) ℃环境下以10 m/min的速度进行运动训练,2 h/d,分别训练1周或2周,训练完成后休息2 d。EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W小鼠在温度39.5 ℃,相对湿度65%环境下以10 m/min的速度跑步进行造模,造模终点为意识丧失伴核心体温≥42.7 ℃。记录造模情况。EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后各取18只进行24 h生存分析。EA各组于造模后6、12、24 h取腹主动脉血及肝组织,每个时间点6只;检测血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血浆白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平;肝组织行HE染色并进行病理评分。结果 EA各组均成功建立EHS模型,当EA0W组小鼠全部发生EHS时(造模开始后65 min),EA1W组、EA2W组发病率为50.0%、22.2%,与后两组发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。当3组小鼠全部发生EHS时,与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模用时均延长,且EA2W组明显长于EA1W组(P<0.05)。生存分析显示,EA2W组24 h生存率(61.1%)明显高于EA0W组(33.3%)(P<0.05);EA1W组生存率与其他两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的IL-1β、IL-6、CK水平最高(P<0.05),造模后12 h肝损伤最重(P<0.05);与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12 h的ALT、AST、IL-1β水平及肝损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05),且EA2W组的ALT、AST水平及肝损伤病理评分明显低于EA1W组(P<0.05)。与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的CK水平明显升高(P<0.05),且EA2W组明显高于EA1W组(P<0.05)。结论 运动习服有助于降低EHS的发病率;当EHS发生后,运动习服小鼠的生存率增高,其中习服2周小鼠的生存率较未习服小鼠明显增高,但习服1周与未习服小鼠的生存率无明显差异。运动习服2周比习服1周能更明显地减轻肝损伤及炎症反应。

, correspAuthors=周飞虎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周飞虎,E-mail:
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戴智,硕士研究生,主要从事急危重症疾病的相关研究

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2Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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2解放军总医院第一医学中心重症医学科,北京 100853
3解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部/肾脏疾病全国重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853, bio={"content":"

戴智,硕士研究生,主要从事急危重症疾病的相关研究

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戴智,硕士研究生,主要从事急危重症疾病的相关研究

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3Department of Nephrology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
4School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190330552071852142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, authorId=1190330551899885673, language=CN, stringName=王晓晨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, 4, address=2解放军总医院第一医学中心重症医学科,北京 100853
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EA0W、EA1W、EA2W分别为运动习服0、1、2周

, figureFileSmall=Q8E3c95w/ggKIDZ/Bw6LrQ==, figureFileBig=qpQuI+FSeT0FuD4qPocMgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330554588434571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The cumulative incidence of EHS and 24-hour survival curve analysis of mice in each group, figureFileSmall=rva5NUw/WI/WJ9Y03pvk3g==, figureFileBig=vz5WZAeAo/B6zTqniVdcsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330554680709260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组小鼠劳力型热射病(EHS)累积发病率、24 h生存曲线分析

EA0W、EA1W、EA2W分别为运动习服0、1、2周;A. 劳力型热射病(EHS)小鼠Kaplan‐Meier累积发病率曲线;B. EHS小鼠造模后24 h Kaplan‐Meier生存曲线;与EA0W组比较,(1)P<0.05,(2)P<0.001;与EA1W组比较,(3)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=rva5NUw/WI/WJ9Y03pvk3g==, figureFileBig=vz5WZAeAo/B6zTqniVdcsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330554743623821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Plasma levels of ALT, AST, and CK, and hepatic pathological changes and injury scores in each group of mice

EA0W、EA1W、EA2W分别为运动习服0、1、2周;A. 各组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平比较;B. 各组肝组织HE染色(×100)和肝损伤病理评分;与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与EA0W组比较,(2)P<0.05;与EA1W组比较,(3)P<0.05;与造模后6 h比较,(4)P<0.05;与造模后12 h比较,(5)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=aE2UnMWz1fZEUbHXuGsMDg==, figureFileBig=8XBnxVTbon76tV+O29lUDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330554856870030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组小鼠血浆ALT、AST、CK水平及肝病理学变化和损伤评分, figureFileSmall=aE2UnMWz1fZEUbHXuGsMDg==, figureFileBig=8XBnxVTbon76tV+O29lUDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330556794638479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of plasma interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 level in each group of mice, figureFileSmall=+siPCyknQIetEvzKZ7nCqg==, figureFileBig=dtiw1lpp9mOM6wJ1IUCMfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330556849164432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组小鼠血浆白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平比较

EA0W、EA1W、EA2W分别为运动习服0、1、2周;与空白对照组比较,(1)P<0.05;与EA0W组比较,(2)P<0.05;与EA1W组比较,(3)P<0.05;与造模后6 h比较,(4)P<0.05;与造模后12 h比较,(5)P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=+siPCyknQIetEvzKZ7nCqg==, figureFileBig=dtiw1lpp9mOM6wJ1IUCMfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190330556920467601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic information of mice modeling in each group ($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别造模前体重(g)造模后体重(g)体重损失比(%)造模用时(min)造模最长用时(min)
空白对照组(n=6)25.1±0.13----
EA0W组(n=18)25.0±0.3123.1±0.314.8±0.1550.3±2.4865
EA1W组(n=18)25.1±0.3623.6±0.355.8±0.4265.3±4.19(1)98
EA2W组(n=18)25.1±0.2223.3±0.237.4±0.40(1)(3)82.4±4.06(2)(3)107
), ArticleFig(id=1190330556983382162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1190310111609455028, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组小鼠造模一般情况($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别造模前体重(g)造模后体重(g)体重损失比(%)造模用时(min)造模最长用时(min)
空白对照组(n=6)25.1±0.13----
EA0W组(n=18)25.0±0.3123.1±0.314.8±0.1550.3±2.4865
EA1W组(n=18)25.1±0.3623.6±0.355.8±0.4265.3±4.19(1)98
EA2W组(n=18)25.1±0.2223.3±0.237.4±0.40(1)(3)82.4±4.06(2)(3)107
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不同运动习服时长对劳力型热射病小鼠肝损伤和炎症反应的影响
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戴智 1, 2, 3 , 胡婕 2 , 王晓晨 2, 3, 4 , 韩子伟 1, 5 , 毛智 2 , 周飞虎 2, 3, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2025,50(5): 599-606
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2025, 50(5): 599-606
不同运动习服时长对劳力型热射病小鼠肝损伤和炎症反应的影响
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戴智1, 2, 3, 胡婕2, 王晓晨2, 3, 4, 韩子伟1, 5, 毛智2, 周飞虎2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军医学院,北京 100853
  • 2解放军总医院第一医学中心重症医学科,北京 100853
  • 3解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部/肾脏疾病全国重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853
  • 4南开大学医学院,天津 300071
  • 5陆军第951医院急危重症学科,新疆库尔勒 841000
  • 戴智,硕士研究生,主要从事急危重症疾病的相关研究

通讯作者:

周飞虎,E-mail:
Effects of different exercise acclimatization durations on liver injuries and inflammation responses in exertional heatstroke mice
Zhi Dai1, 2, 3, Jie Hu2, Xiao-Chen Wang2, 3, 4, Zi-Wei Han1, 5, Zhi Mao2, Fei-Hu Zhou2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • 3Department of Nephrology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases/Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
  • 4School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
  • 5Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, the 951st Hospital of the PLA Army, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1504.2025.0324
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目的 比较不同运动习服时长对劳力型热射病(EHS)小鼠肝损伤和炎症反应的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将168只C57雄性小鼠分为无运动习服组(EA0W组,n=54)、习服1周组(EA1W组,n=54)、习服2周组(EA2W组,n=54)及空白对照组(n=6)。空白对照组不进行习服训练及造模;EA1W组、EA2W组在(26.0±0.5) ℃环境下以10 m/min的速度进行运动训练,2 h/d,分别训练1周或2周,训练完成后休息2 d。EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W小鼠在温度39.5 ℃,相对湿度65%环境下以10 m/min的速度跑步进行造模,造模终点为意识丧失伴核心体温≥42.7 ℃。记录造模情况。EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后各取18只进行24 h生存分析。EA各组于造模后6、12、24 h取腹主动脉血及肝组织,每个时间点6只;检测血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血浆白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平;肝组织行HE染色并进行病理评分。结果 EA各组均成功建立EHS模型,当EA0W组小鼠全部发生EHS时(造模开始后65 min),EA1W组、EA2W组发病率为50.0%、22.2%,与后两组发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。当3组小鼠全部发生EHS时,与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模用时均延长,且EA2W组明显长于EA1W组(P<0.05)。生存分析显示,EA2W组24 h生存率(61.1%)明显高于EA0W组(33.3%)(P<0.05);EA1W组生存率与其他两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的IL-1β、IL-6、CK水平最高(P<0.05),造模后12 h肝损伤最重(P<0.05);与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12 h的ALT、AST、IL-1β水平及肝损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05),且EA2W组的ALT、AST水平及肝损伤病理评分明显低于EA1W组(P<0.05)。与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的CK水平明显升高(P<0.05),且EA2W组明显高于EA1W组(P<0.05)。结论 运动习服有助于降低EHS的发病率;当EHS发生后,运动习服小鼠的生存率增高,其中习服2周小鼠的生存率较未习服小鼠明显增高,但习服1周与未习服小鼠的生存率无明显差异。运动习服2周比习服1周能更明显地减轻肝损伤及炎症反应。

劳力型热射病  /  运动习服  /  肝损伤  /  炎症反应

Objective To compare the effects of different exercise acclimatization (EA) durations on liver injury and inflammatory response in mice with exertional heatstroke (EHS). Methods A total of 168 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups using a random number table: no exercise acclimation group (EA0W, n=54), 1-week exercise acclimation group (EA1W, n=54), 2-week exercise acclimation group (EA2W, n=54), and blank control group (n=6). The blank control group did not undergo acclimatization training or EHS modeling. The EA1W and EA2W groups underwent daily 2-hour exercise training at a speed of 10 m/min in an environment maintained at (26.0±0.5) ℃ for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, followed by a 2-day rest after training completion. EHS modeling was performed in mice of EA0W, EA1W, and EA2W groups through running at 10 m/min under controlled environmental conditions (39.5 ℃ ambient temperature, 65% relative humidity). The modeling endpoint was defined as loss of consciousness accompanied by a core body temperature ≥42.7 ℃. All modeling procedures were systematically documented. Following modeling, 18 mice from EA0W, EA1W, and EA2W groups underwent 24-hour survival analysis. Blood samples from the abdominal aorta and liver tissues were collected at 6, 12 and 24 hours post-modeling (6 mice per time point for each group). Plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) were quantified. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver tissue specimens underwent hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and pathological scoring. Results The EHS model was successfully established in all EA groups. When all mice in EA0W group developed EHS (65 min after the modeling initiation), the incidence rates in EA1W and EA2W groups were 50.0% and 22.2%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between EA0W group and the latter two groups (P<0.05). When all mice in the three groups developed EHS, the time to EHS onset was significantly longer in both EA1W and EA2W groups compared to EA0W group, with EA2W group showing a longer onset time than EA1W group (P<0.05). Survival analysis revealed a significantly higher 24-hour survival rate in EA2W group (61.1%) compared to EA0W group (33.3%) (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between EA1W group and the other two groups (P>0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and CK were highest at 6 h post-modeling in all EA groups (P<0.05), and liver injury was most severe at 12 h post-modeling (P<0.05). Compared to EA0W group, the levels of ALT, AST, and IL-1β, as well as liver pathology scores, were significantly lower at 12 h post-modeling in both EA1W and EA2W groups (P<0.05), with EA2W group showing significantly lower ALT and AST levels, as well as liver pathology scores than EA1W group (P<0.05). At 6 h post-modeling, CK levels were significantly higher in EA1W and EA2W groups compared to EA0W group (P<0.05), with EA2W group exhibiting higher CK levels than in EA1W group (P<0.05). Conclusions Exercise acclimation helps reduce the incidence of EHS. Following EHS onset, the survival rate of exercise-acclimated mice is higher than that non-acclimated mice, with a significantly higher survival rate in mice acclimated for 2 weeks compared to non-acclimated mice. However, no significant difference in survival rate is observed between mice acclimated for 1 week and non-acclimated mice. Additionally, exercise acclimation for 2 weeks is more effective in reducing liver injury and inflammatory responses compared to 1-week acclimation.

heat stroke  /  acclimatization  /  liver injuries  /  inflammation
戴智, 胡婕, 王晓晨, 韩子伟, 毛智, 周飞虎. 不同运动习服时长对劳力型热射病小鼠肝损伤和炎症反应的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (5) : 599 -606 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1504.2025.0324
Zhi Dai, Jie Hu, Xiao-Chen Wang, Zi-Wei Han, Zhi Mao, Fei-Hu Zhou. Effects of different exercise acclimatization durations on liver injuries and inflammation responses in exertional heatstroke mice[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (5) : 599 -606 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1504.2025.0324
热射病分为经典型热射病(classic heatstroke,CHS)和劳力型热射病(exertional heatstroke,EHS)。与CHS相比,EHS致热损伤原因包括外界环境的热辐射及运动时肌肉产生的热量。EHS好发于军人、运动员等无基础疾病的年轻人[1]。随着全球气温逐渐升高,EHS的发病率也逐渐增高。由于缺乏针对发病机制的治疗手段,EHS病死率高达30%~80%,且存活后往往遗留重要器官功能障碍[2-3]。急性肝损伤是EHS的常见器官损伤[4-6],也是导致热射病患者死亡的主要原因之一[2,5-7];同时炎性因子在热射病的发病机制中起到重要作用[8-11]。为增强运动员及军事人员在炎热环境中的运动能力,减少EHS的发生[12-14],《军事训练防治中暑/热射病降温方法专家共识》[15]推荐进行运动习服并在EHS相关研究中得到了广泛应用[16-19],但目前EHS模型运动习服时长尚不固定,以习服时间1周或2周为主[16-17]。如King等[16]使用时长1周的运动习服方案探究EHS小鼠发生多器官损伤及炎性因子释放等情况;也有研究使用时长2周的运动习服方案探讨EHS模型的温度、湿度设定情况[17]。但以上研究未对比不同运动习服时长对EHS的影响,其报道的发病率、病死率、肝损伤程度及炎症反应结果也不一致,缺少统一的结论。已有研究证实,长期运动训练会对生物体各个器官产生多方面的影响[20],减少炎性细胞的产生[21],从而减轻炎症反应[22]。了解不同运动习服训练时长对EHS的影响,可为制定预防EHS发生的习服训练方案提供依据。为此,本研究对比不同运动习服时长(1周和2周)对小鼠EHS发病率、生存率、肝损伤及炎症反应等的影响,以期为防治EHS的相关研究提供参考。
168只野生型C57BL/6雄性小鼠(8~10周龄)购自北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司(实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK2024-0001),于解放军总医院动物实验中心SPF级实验室分笼(5只/笼)适应性饲养1周,正常摄食水,12 h/12 h光照/黑暗,室温(26.0±0.5) ℃,湿度55%±5%。按照随机数字表法将小鼠分为无运动习服组(EA0W组,n=54)、习服1周组(EA1W组,n=54)、习服2周组(EA2W组,n=54)与空白对照组(n=6)。空白对照组不进行习服训练及造模,用于提供相关指标基线值及病理对照。EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后各取18只进行24 h生存分析。根据文献[16]、[17]及预实验造模死亡率(约50%),EA各组于造模后6、12、24 h进行取材,每个时间点6只小鼠。本研究经解放军总医院动物实验伦理委员会审批(2023-X19-113)。小鼠运动习服及造模流程如图1所示。
EA1W组、EA2W组在室温(26.0±0.5) ℃、相对湿度55%±5%环境下,使用小动物跑步机(ZS-PT-III,北京众实迪创科技发展有限责任公司)进行强制性跑步运动训练,速度为10 m/min,2 h/d,训练期间小鼠停止跑动时机器自动予以电刺激(0.5 mA,单次电击时长<5 s),使其持续跑动。训练前后测量小鼠体重,将小动物体温计(FT3400,北京众实迪创科技发展有限责任公司)插入其直肠2 cm,测定核心体温。EA1W组、EA2W组分别在造模前训练1周和2周。训练期间剔除不配合的小鼠。每次训练结束后,返回与EA0W组和对照组小鼠相同环境下饲养。训练周期完成后,在正式造模前小鼠休息2 d。
EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组小鼠置于高温高湿环境模拟舱(LTH-575N-01,上海龙跃仪器设备有限公司)内,环境条件设定为温度39.5 ℃、相对湿度65%[17]。小鼠测量体重、体温后休息30 min,放入恒温舱跑步机中,初始速度5 m/min,持续10 min;然后在10 s内均匀加速至8 m/min,持续10 min;再次10 s内均匀加速至10 m/min,保持10 m/min速度至造模成功。其间每10 min测量一次肛温。EHS造模成功标准:小鼠意识丧失(失去行动能力>5 s,刺激后无爬行或改变位置);伴有核心体温≥42.7 ℃[23]。EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模时空白对照组小鼠继续原条件饲养。
造模成功后测量小鼠出舱体重、体温,记录出舱时间,并计算体重损失比。继续饲养在原来的笼中,保证食物和水的自由供给。体重损失比(%)=造模前后体重差值/造模前体重×100%。
小鼠予0.5%戊巴比妥钠(0.5~1.0 ml/10 g)腹腔注射,药物完全起效后予以固定,暴露腹腔,腹主动脉取血(0.4~0.6 ml/只),置于含EDTA的抗凝EP管中,4 ℃下3500 r/mim离心15 min。吸取上清血浆收集于EP管中,置于-80 ℃冰箱保存备用。非灌流条件下于腹腔中取肝组织,使用多聚甲醛溶液固定保存。
使用全自动生化分析仪(日本东芝公司)检测血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及肌酸激酶(CK)水平。
使用ELISA试剂盒(M0037、M0044,武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司)检测血浆中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平,严格按照试剂盒说明书操作。
肝组织离体后,切成合适大小,用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定24 h后,梯度乙醇(75%、85%、95%、100%)脱水、二甲苯透明、常规浸蜡、石蜡包埋、切片(厚3 μm),置于载玻片上,用烘箱烘干,行常规HE染色。
参照文献[24]制定肝损伤分级评分标准,由两位独立的经验丰富的病理专家采用盲法进行肝损伤病理评分,每组取6个病理切片,每张病理切片选取10个200倍视野进行评分。检查切片视野内细胞质颜色褪色、空泡化,细胞核凝聚、核碎裂、核褪色和红细胞淤积等6个参数,按损伤百分比进行评分:0分为0%,1分为0~10%,2分为10%~50%,3为50%~100%。每项按4分量表(0~3)进行评分,总分为各视野评分的总和。
采用SPSS 15.0软件进行统计分析,GraphPad Prism 9.5软件制图。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析累积发病率及生存率,组间比较采用log-rank检验。均为双侧检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
造模前各组小鼠初始体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EA0W组造模前后体重损失比最低,EA2W组体重损失比最高,EA2W组体重损失比明显高于EA1W组、EA0W组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。各组EHS造模用时存在差异:EA0W组造模用时最短,EA2W组造模用时最长;与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模用时均延长,且EA2W组长于EA1W组(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)(表1)。
当EA0W组18只小鼠全部发生EHS时(造模开始后最长用时65 min,表1),EA1W组发病率为50.0%(9/18),EA2W组发病率为22.2%(4/18),EA2W组、EA1W组EHS发病率均明显低于EA0W组,且EA2W组明显低于EA1W组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.001,图2A)。3组造模结束后,观察24 h,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组生存率分别为33.3%(6/18)、50.0%(9/18)、61.1%(11/18)。EA2W组生存率明显高于EA0W组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(图2B)。
与空白对照组比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6、12 h的ALT、AST水平均明显升高(P<0.05),而EA1W组、EA2W组造模后24 h 的ALT、AST水平与空白对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12、24 h的ALT、AST水平均明显降低(P<0.05);与EA1W组比较,EA2W组造模后12 h的ALT、AST水平明显降低(P<0.05,图3A)。与造模后6 h比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12、24 h的ALT、AST水平均明显升高(P<0.05);与造模后12 h比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后24 h的ALT、AST水平均明显降低(P<0.05,图3A)。
与空白对照组比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6、12 h的CK水平均明显升高(P<0.05),而造模后24 h 的CK水平与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的CK水平均明显升高,EA2W组造模后12 h的CK水平明显升高(P<0.05);与EA1W组比较,EA2W组造模后6、12 h的CK水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与造模后6 h比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12、24 h的CK水平均明显降低(P<0.05);与造模后12 h比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后24 h的CK水平进一步降低(P<0.05,图3A)。
HE染色显示,空白对照组肝细胞形态大小均一,胞质呈均匀淡嗜酸性染色,未见空泡变性或脂质沉积,细胞核形态规则;小叶结构清晰完整,肝索以中央静脉为中心呈放射状排列,窦状隙内无红细胞淤积,汇管区未见炎性细胞浸润。与空白对照组比较,EA0W组多处肝细胞出现胞质褪色、空泡化,胞核出现核凝聚、核碎裂和核褪色;肝小叶结构部分破坏,肝细胞排列紊乱,出现水肿和变性,细胞体积增大,形态不规则,细胞边界模糊;小叶中央静脉附近可见中性粒细胞浸润,伴有红细胞淤积。EA1W组局部肝细胞出现胞质褪色,胞核出现核凝聚和核褪色;肝小叶结构局部破坏,肝细胞排列紊乱,细胞水肿,体积增大,细胞边界模糊;小叶中央静脉附近可见中性粒细胞浸润,伴有红细胞淤积。EA2W组少量肝细胞出现胞质褪色,胞核出现核褪色,肝细胞排列紊乱,少量细胞水肿,体积增大;小叶中央静脉附近可见少量中性粒细胞浸润(图3B)。与EA0W组比较,EA2W组造模后6 h肝损伤病理评分明显降低,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12 h肝损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05);与EA1W组比较,EA2W组造模后12 h肝损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05)。与造模后12 h比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后24 h肝损伤病理评分明显降低(P<0.05,图3B)。
与空白对照组比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6、12 h的IL-1β、IL-6水平均明显升高(P<0.05),而造模后24 h 的IL-1β、IL-6水平与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与EA0W组比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的IL-1β、IL-6水平均明显降低,造模后12 h的IL-1β水平明显降低(P<0.05);与EA1W组比较,EA2W组造模后6 h的IL-1β水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与造模后6 h比较,EA0W组、EA1W组、EA2W组造模后12、24 h的IL-1β、IL-6水平均明显降低(P<0.05);与造模后12 h比较,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后24 h的IL-1β、IL-6水平进一步降低(P<0.05)(图4)。
热射病是由环境温度过高、相对湿度过大引起的,以中枢神经系统损伤(谵妄、癫痫和昏迷)及严重高热(核心体温>40 ℃)为主要特征的疾病,可迅速进展为多器官功能不全综合征,导致患者死亡。肝损伤是热射病诊断的重要标准之一[2],而全身炎症反应是热射病的重要发病机制[25]。EHS的特点在于运动时肌肉产生大量热量,由于无法及时散热,可导致更严重的脏器损伤及全身炎症反应[2]
目前,EHS相关研究大多聚焦于环境温度与湿度的设定、动物的选择、体温终点的设定等问题[16-17,26-27],但作为EHS核心特点的运动因素研究有限。运动对机体的影响一直备受关注,适度运动对多种疾病有着积极的预防作用[20,28]。运动习服是预防EHS的常用手段[12,15,29]。为了能更好地模拟EHS好发人群的特点,运动习服在EHS相关模型中被广泛应用[16-19,30],但运动习服时长尚不统一,研究多以1周或2周为主[16-17]。本研究比较了不同时长运动习服对EHS造模用时、生存率、肝损伤及炎症反应的影响,结果显示,对于EHS小鼠,运动习服2周较未习服者生存率明显增高,且同样的习服条件下,习服2周比1周更能减轻肝损伤及炎症反应。
肝是热射病的常见损伤器官,且肝损伤是导致患者死亡的重要因素[4-7,31];中性粒细胞[32]及炎性因子[24,33]在热射病肝损伤中起着一定作用。本研究结果显示,运动习服后小鼠肝损伤减轻,且在高温高湿环境下更晚发生EHS,发病率更低。有研究报道炎症反应、肝损伤和凝血功能异常等与EHS小鼠死亡密切相关[34-35],本研究运动习服小鼠在发生EHS后,死亡率低于未习服小鼠,与上述研究一致。
EHS常伴有横纹肌溶解[2,36],也可导致AST水平升高。本研究结果显示,各组血浆CK水平在造模后6 h达到高峰;EA2W组造模后6、12 h的CK水平明显高于EA0W组。其原因可能是小鼠运动习服时间越长,在EHS造模时到达成模标准的跑步时间越长,导致横纹肌损伤越重,CK水平越高。同时本研究发现,EA1W组、EA2W组造模后6 h的AST水平明显高于EA0W组,与CK变化趋势一致;但造模后12 h,即各组肝损伤最重时,EA1W组、EA2W组ALT、AST水平及肝损伤病理评分均明显低于EA0W组。据此可排除横纹肌溶解对肝酶检测值的影响。
本研究发现运动习服可减轻EHS小鼠的肝损伤,推测其原因可能与炎症反应的减轻有关。有研究证实,全身炎症反应是热射病的重要发病机制之一[25],而运动训练可减少炎性细胞的产生及炎性因子的释放[21-22]。运动习服可降低EHS的炎症反应程度,而炎症反应与肝损伤密切相关[33,37],故运动习服后小鼠的肝损伤减轻。目前已有研究探讨了中性粒细胞[36]及炎性因子[27]在肝损伤机制中的作用,后续可进一步开展中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在EHS肝损伤中的作用机制研究。本研究通过检测IL-1β、IL-6水平来反映炎症情况,结果显示其高峰出现在造模后6 h,早于肝损伤的高峰,与既往研究一致[25]。同时本研究通过HE染色发现中性粒细胞在肝小叶中央静脉附近浸润。此外,3组小鼠发病后,运动习服2周组生存率较未习服组明显增高,但习服1周组与未习服组无明显差异。作为一种多器官损伤的危重疾病,EHS的系统性预防更值得关注。由此可见,对于EHS,运动习服2周比1周更能起到保护作用。但更长的运动习服时间(如3周或4周)是否会进一步增强保护作用仍需进一步探索。
本研究从造模用时、生存率、急性肝损伤和全身炎症反应4个方面综合比较了运动习服1、2周对EHS小鼠的影响,为EHS基础和临床研究中选择最佳运动习服时间提供了依据。但本研究仍存在一些局限:研究中无法使用同一只小鼠在不同时间点进行多次取血检测;小鼠的汗腺分布情况与人类不同,其EHS也可能与人类存在一定差异。同时,本研究仅初步探讨了不同习服时长对EHS肝损伤及炎症反应的影响,其具体机制仍需在后续研究中探讨。
综上所述,本研究结果表明,运动习服有助于降低EHS发病率;EHS发生后,运动习服的小鼠生存率可增高,其中习服2周小鼠的生存率明显高于未习服小鼠,但习服1周与未习服小鼠的生存率无明显差异;习服2周比习服1周能更明显地减轻肝损伤及炎症反应。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1504.2025.0324
  • 接收时间:2024-09-27
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27
  • 录用日期:2024-12-10
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    1解放军医学院,北京 100853
    2解放军总医院第一医学中心重症医学科,北京 100853
    3解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部/肾脏疾病全国重点实验室/国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心/肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100853
    4南开大学医学院,天津 300071
    5陆军第951医院急危重症学科,新疆库尔勒 841000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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