Article(id=1190310110590239127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0165.2024.1125, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1707062400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1711555200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-28, onlineDate=1761721645256, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761721645256, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761721645256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761721645256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190243275249390089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='505', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761705710470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765784077922, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207349188233372410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1190243275249390089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=592, endPage=598, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190310110879646110, articleId=1190310110590239127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Effects of moderate static magnetic field exposure on emotional behavior and brain damage related molecules in mice, columnId=1190310110212751762, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of a 100 mT static magnetic field (SMF) on emotional behavior and brain damage-related molecules in mice. Methods Fifty-eight C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group (n=25) and observation group (n=33). Mice in observation group were exposed to a 100 mT SMF for 0.5 h/d over 14 consecutive days, while mice in control group underwent pseudo-exposure. On the 7 and 14 days of exposure, anxiety-like behavior was assessed using open field and elevated plus maze tests. Cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser speckle imaging, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, central nervous system specific protein β (S100β), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by radioimmunoassay. BDNF expression in the brain was detected by immunofluorescence. Results On the 7 and 14 days of SMF exposure, the open field and elevated plus maze tests showed no statistically significant differences between observation and control groups in the frequencies, durations, and distance entering the central area of the open field and the open arm of the elevated plus maze (P>0.05). Laser speckle imaging revealed no significant difference in cerebral cortical perfusion compared with pre-exposure period (P>0.05). The results of radioimmunoassay showed that compared with control group, on the 7 d of SMF exposure, the serum IL-1β, NSE and S100β levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum BDNF level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the IL-1β and TNF-α contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in observation group (P<0.01). On the 14 d of SMF exposure, serum IL-1β, TNF‑α, NSE, and S100β levels were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.0001), and the brain IL-1β and TNF‑α levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in observation group. No statistically significant differences were found in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 level of serum and brain tissue or BDNF content of brain tissue between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Continuous exposure to a 100 mT SMF for 14 d at 0.5 h/d induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in mice, without inducing anxiety-like behavior.

, correspAuthors=Feng-Song Liu, Yang Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Li Yang, E-mail:
Liu Feng-Song, E-mail:
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目的 观察100 mT静磁场暴露对小鼠情绪行为及脑损伤相关分子的影响。方法 将58只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为对照组(n=25)与观察组(n=33)。观察组小鼠全身暴露于静磁场强度100 mT,0.5 h/d,连续14 d;对照组小鼠进行伪暴露。分别于静磁场暴露7、14 d后,采用旷场和高架十字迷宫实验观察小鼠的情绪行为;采用激光散斑成像技术检测小鼠大脑皮质血流灌注量;采用放射免疫法检测小鼠血清和脑组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-4、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、中枢神经特异性β蛋白(S100β)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)含量;采用免疫荧光检测小鼠脑组织BDNF表达水平。结果 静磁场暴露7、14 d后,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验结果显示,观察组小鼠在进入旷场中央区域和高架十字迷宫开放臂的次数、时间和路程与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);激光散斑成像结果显示,小鼠脑皮质血流灌注量与暴露前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。放射免疫学检测结果显示,与对照组比较,在静磁场暴露7 d后,观察组小鼠血清IL-1β、NSE和S100β水平明显升高(P<0.05),血清BDNF水平明显降低(P<0.05),脑组织IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.01);在静磁场暴露14 d后,观察组小鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、NSE和S100β水平均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.0001),脑组织IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.01);两组血清和脑组织抗炎细胞因子IL-4、脑组织BDNF水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 100 mT静磁场连续暴露14 d、0.5 h/d,可导致小鼠产生神经炎症及脑损伤,但未见焦虑样行为。

, correspAuthors=柳峰松, 李杨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李杨,E-mail:
柳峰松,E-mail:
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王雪佳,硕士研究生,主要从事神经生物学方面的研究

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王雪佳,硕士研究生,主要从事神经生物学方面的研究

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中强静磁场暴露对小鼠情绪行为及脑损伤相关分子的影响
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王雪佳 1, 2 , 杨雪枫 2 , 叶雨萌 2 , 王勇懿 2 , 郝延辉 2 , 左红艳 2 , 柳峰松 1, * , 李杨 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2025,50(5): 592-598
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解放军医学杂志 | 基础研究 2025, 50(5): 592-598
中强静磁场暴露对小鼠情绪行为及脑损伤相关分子的影响
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王雪佳1, 2, 杨雪枫2, 叶雨萌2, 王勇懿2, 郝延辉2, 左红艳2, 柳峰松1, * , 李杨1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定 071002
  • 2军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850
  • 王雪佳,硕士研究生,主要从事神经生物学方面的研究

通讯作者:

李杨,E-mail:
柳峰松,E-mail:
Effects of moderate static magnetic field exposure on emotional behavior and brain damage related molecules in mice
Xue-Jia Wang1, 2, Xue-Feng Yang2, Yu-Meng Ye2, Yong-Yi Wang2, Yan-Hui Hao2, Hong-Yan Zuo2, Feng-Song Liu1, * , Yang Li1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
  • 2Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0165.2024.1125
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目的 观察100 mT静磁场暴露对小鼠情绪行为及脑损伤相关分子的影响。方法 将58只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为对照组(n=25)与观察组(n=33)。观察组小鼠全身暴露于静磁场强度100 mT,0.5 h/d,连续14 d;对照组小鼠进行伪暴露。分别于静磁场暴露7、14 d后,采用旷场和高架十字迷宫实验观察小鼠的情绪行为;采用激光散斑成像技术检测小鼠大脑皮质血流灌注量;采用放射免疫法检测小鼠血清和脑组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-4、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、中枢神经特异性β蛋白(S100β)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)含量;采用免疫荧光检测小鼠脑组织BDNF表达水平。结果 静磁场暴露7、14 d后,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验结果显示,观察组小鼠在进入旷场中央区域和高架十字迷宫开放臂的次数、时间和路程与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);激光散斑成像结果显示,小鼠脑皮质血流灌注量与暴露前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。放射免疫学检测结果显示,与对照组比较,在静磁场暴露7 d后,观察组小鼠血清IL-1β、NSE和S100β水平明显升高(P<0.05),血清BDNF水平明显降低(P<0.05),脑组织IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.01);在静磁场暴露14 d后,观察组小鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、NSE和S100β水平均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.0001),脑组织IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.01);两组血清和脑组织抗炎细胞因子IL-4、脑组织BDNF水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 100 mT静磁场连续暴露14 d、0.5 h/d,可导致小鼠产生神经炎症及脑损伤,但未见焦虑样行为。

静磁场  /  焦虑  /  血流  /  脑损伤  /  炎症

Objective To investigate the effects of a 100 mT static magnetic field (SMF) on emotional behavior and brain damage-related molecules in mice. Methods Fifty-eight C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group (n=25) and observation group (n=33). Mice in observation group were exposed to a 100 mT SMF for 0.5 h/d over 14 consecutive days, while mice in control group underwent pseudo-exposure. On the 7 and 14 days of exposure, anxiety-like behavior was assessed using open field and elevated plus maze tests. Cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser speckle imaging, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, central nervous system specific protein β (S100β), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by radioimmunoassay. BDNF expression in the brain was detected by immunofluorescence. Results On the 7 and 14 days of SMF exposure, the open field and elevated plus maze tests showed no statistically significant differences between observation and control groups in the frequencies, durations, and distance entering the central area of the open field and the open arm of the elevated plus maze (P>0.05). Laser speckle imaging revealed no significant difference in cerebral cortical perfusion compared with pre-exposure period (P>0.05). The results of radioimmunoassay showed that compared with control group, on the 7 d of SMF exposure, the serum IL-1β, NSE and S100β levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum BDNF level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the IL-1β and TNF-α contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in observation group (P<0.01). On the 14 d of SMF exposure, serum IL-1β, TNF‑α, NSE, and S100β levels were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.0001), and the brain IL-1β and TNF‑α levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in observation group. No statistically significant differences were found in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 level of serum and brain tissue or BDNF content of brain tissue between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Continuous exposure to a 100 mT SMF for 14 d at 0.5 h/d induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in mice, without inducing anxiety-like behavior.

static magnetic field  /  anxiety  /  blood flow  /  brain injury  /  inflammation
王雪佳, 杨雪枫, 叶雨萌, 王勇懿, 郝延辉, 左红艳, 柳峰松, 李杨. 中强静磁场暴露对小鼠情绪行为及脑损伤相关分子的影响. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (5) : 592 -598 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0165.2024.1125
Xue-Jia Wang, Xue-Feng Yang, Yu-Meng Ye, Yong-Yi Wang, Yan-Hui Hao, Hong-Yan Zuo, Feng-Song Liu, Yang Li. Effects of moderate static magnetic field exposure on emotional behavior and brain damage related molecules in mice[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (5) : 592 -598 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0165.2024.1125
静磁场(static magnetic field, SMF)是指磁场强度和方向保持不变的磁场。用于医学诊断的磁共振成像(通常为0.3~7.0 T)可产生较强的静磁场,对生物系统的可能影响逐渐引起关注。在磁生物学领域,静磁场可分为弱磁场(<1 mT)、中强磁场(1 mT~1 T)、强磁场(>1~5 T)和超强磁场(>5 T)[1-2]。根据磁场的均匀性,可分为均匀磁场和非均匀磁场。流行病学调查及动物实验研究均显示,脑是磁场暴露损伤的主要敏感靶器官[3],可表现为认知功能损伤、情绪行为异常、脑电活动及脑组织病理改变[4-6]。磁场生物效应与磁场频率、强度及暴露时间等因素密切相关[7]。目前,静磁场的神经生物学效应及其潜在机制尚未阐明。本研究观察在100 mT中等强度的静磁场连续暴露后小鼠的焦虑情绪变化,以及对脑皮质血流动力学和相关脑损伤分子、炎性细胞因子的影响,探究100 mT静磁场暴露的脑损伤效应。
58只6~8周龄雄性SPF级C57BL/6N小鼠,体重(20±2) g,购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司 [实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2021-0006]。将小鼠随机分为对照组(n=25)与观察组(n=33);其中,行为学实验用小鼠24只,每组12只;激光散斑血流成像实验用观察组小鼠5只,采用自身对照;放射免疫实验用小鼠20只,每组10只;免疫荧光实验用观察组小鼠6只(暴露7 d和14 d各3只),对照组3只。小鼠于军事科学院军事医学研究院实验动物中心无特定病原体条件下饲养。本研究经军事科学院军事医学研究院动物伦理委员会审批(批准号:IACUC-DWZX-2022-590)。
戊巴比妥钠、旷场箱和高架十字迷宫购自深圳瑞沃德生命科技有限公司;肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-4、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、中枢神经特异性β蛋白(central nervous system specific protein β,S100β)放射免疫检测试剂盒购自美国凤凰生物;RIPA裂解液购自北京兰博利德生物技术有限公司;蛋白酶抑制剂购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;抗鼠源脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)抗体和羊抗鼠IgG二抗购自英国Abcam公司。
观察组小鼠置于有机玻璃盒内,采用本课题组自行研制的静磁场暴露装置,采用SG-41型数字特斯拉计检测磁场强度,暴露强度为100 mT,0.5 h/d,连续14 d。对照组小鼠进行同等条件的伪暴露。
(1)旷场实验:采用40 cm×40 cm×40 cm旷场箱,正式实验开始前连续3 d将小鼠置于实验室环境中30 min。采用Anymaze行为学分析软件进行记录。分别于静磁场暴露7 d和14 d后进行实验,记录小鼠5 min内进入中央区域的次数、时间和路程。(2)高架十字迷宫实验:实验装置由高架十字迷宫和数据自动采集及处理系统两部分组成,高架十字迷宫四条臂长均为30 cm,宽5 cm,高15 cm,正上方2 m处设置一台跟踪摄像机,摄像机视野可覆盖整个高架十字迷宫内部及周围环境;实验前3 d将小鼠置于待测实验室30 min,使小鼠适应环境;实验过程中保持实验室环境安静,将小鼠背对实验者放入高架十字迷宫中央,面向开放臂,采用Anymaze行为学分析软件记录5 min;实验结束后清洗高架十字迷宫内壁及底部,用75%乙醇擦拭旷场箱内壁及底部,以清除小鼠在测试过程中遗留的大小便、气味等;更换下一只小鼠,继续进行实验。
小鼠称重,0.5%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉;小鼠常规备皮,消毒,分别以前囟和后囟为前后参考点,采集范围为前囟前0.2 cm,后囟后0.2 cm,距离中线左右各0.5 cm,充分暴露小鼠颅骨表面,对大脑皮质血流进行检测。将小鼠放置在激光散斑成像系统显示器正下方,采集时间为2 min,30帧/min,共采集60张图片。每只小鼠检测3次,分别于静磁场暴露前、暴露7 d及14 d后观察脑皮质血流灌注量的变化,每次实验时用碘伏对小鼠头皮进行消毒清理,沿头皮中间纵向剪开头皮,暴露小鼠颅骨表面,实验完成后使用缝合线对小鼠头皮进行缝合并消毒。
分别于暴露7、14 d后,每组随机选5只小鼠,腹腔注射0.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,剪开腹部,腹腔静脉取血,冰上静置15 min,3500 r/min离心10 min,吸取上清置于-80℃冰箱保存。取右侧前脑提取蛋白,按照1:100的比例加入蛋白酶抑制剂和RIPA裂解液,加入磁珠后放入匀浆机中进行研磨,设置为65 Hz,中断15 s,运行7次,研磨结束后于冰上静置10 min,后离心机12 000 r/min离心10 min,最后吸取上清于新离心管中,置于-80℃冰箱保存,待后续测定脑组织蛋白浓度后进行放射免疫学检测。血清样本3500 r/min离心10 min后进行检测。在样品管中加入100 μl样品,非特异性绑定管(NSB)和零标准管(S0)中分别加入200 μl、100 μl缓冲液,其他管中加入100 μl的抗体,然后在管中加入100 μl的BDNF、S100β、NSE和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-4的放射性标志物,混匀后置于4 ℃冰箱过夜。最后,所有管中加500 μl二抗分离剂,混匀后离心25 min(4 ℃),弃去上清液后检测各管沉淀放射性能量值(cpm)。
 
分别于暴露7、14 d后,对照组与观察组分别随机选3只小鼠,腹腔注射0.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后进行断头处理,在冰上快速剥离出小鼠全脑,放到冷冻切片台上快速冷冻2 h以上,然后将全脑包备在OCT中,进行冠状切片(20 μm)。将冷冻切片浸入4 ℃的4% PFA中15 min,用0.25% Triton进行破膜处理后封闭2 h(10%山羊血清),与一抗鼠源BDNF(1:400)在4℃下孵育过夜;与二抗羊抗鼠IgG(1:1000)室温孵育2 h后,滴加DAPI对细胞核染色后封片。最后,使用荧光显微镜观察并采集图像,ImageJ软件对海马组织中BDNF阳性细胞面积进行定量分析,并将其定量分析结果与放射免疫法检测结果进行互相验证。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料经正态分布检验均符合正态分布,以$\bar{x}±s$表示;旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验和放射免疫数据结果采用两因素方差分析,进一步组间比较采用SNK-q检验;脑皮层血流灌注量数据采用重复测量方差分析,BDNF免疫荧光定量分析结果采用单因素方差分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
旷场行为学实验结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组小鼠在100 mT静磁场暴露7、14 d后的进入中央区域次数、时间和路程差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高架十字迷宫实验结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组小鼠在静磁场暴露7、14 d后的进入开放臂次数、时间、路程差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,图1)。
激光散斑血流成像结果显示,100 mT静磁场暴露7、14 d后,小鼠脑皮质血流灌注量与暴露前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图2)。
放射免疫学检测结果显示,与对照组比较,在静磁场暴露7 d后,观察组小鼠血清IL-1β水平明显升高(P<0.05),脑组织TNF-α和IL-1β水平明显升高(P<0.01);在静磁场暴露14 d后,观察组小鼠血清IL-1β和TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.0001),脑组织TNF-α和IL-1β水平明显升高(P<0.01);两组血清和脑组织抗炎性细胞因子IL-4 差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,图3A、B)。
放射免疫学检测结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组小鼠在暴露14 d后血清BDNF水平明显降低(P<0.05),在暴露7、14 d后血清NSE和S100β水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。放射免疫法检测及脑组织免疫荧光定量分析结果均显示,两组小鼠脑组织中BDNF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图4图5)。
目前关于磁场暴露对情绪行为影响的研究报道较少。流行病学调查结果显示,磁场暴露与痴呆、抑郁发生明显相关[8]。人员在场强>1.0 μT的磁场长期暴露后,可致使因抑郁而自杀的相对危险系数升高[9]。静磁场暴露对大鼠行为学影响的实验结果显示,在其幼年时期经5 mT静磁场连续暴露5 d、2 h/d,成年后大鼠自我梳理行为增加,出现焦虑样行为[10];而16 mT静磁场连续暴露30 d可减少焦虑样行为,对情绪行为产生积极影响[2]。Ammari等[10]报道,旷场实验检测结果显示,128 mT的中等强度恒定静磁场暴露连续5 d,1 h/d,对大鼠情绪行为的影响不明显。本研究通过旷场和高架十字迷宫实验检测静磁场暴露是否导致小鼠焦虑样行为,结果显示,100 mT静磁场暴露,0.5 h/d,暴露7、14 d后,小鼠在旷场中心的活动无明显变化,在高架十字迷宫开放臂的活动也无明显变化,提示100 mT静磁场连续暴露14 d可能不会导致小鼠出现焦虑样行为。综上,静磁场是否对动物的情绪行为产生影响主要由暴露强度和暴露时间决定。
激光微循环血流显像系统采用激光散斑对比成像技术,可实时观察微血管的血流分布状态及血流数值相对变化[11]。研究显示,情绪行为发生变化时,脑血流调节能力也随之发生变化。邢英琦等[12]采用经颅多普勒超声卧-立位脑血流检测方法发现,焦虑症组较对照组立位时脑血流速度下降,提示焦虑症患者存在脑血流调节的异常。Shi等[13]发现,丘脑出血卒中引起大鼠产生焦虑和抑郁样行为,采用激光散斑对比成像技术对局部脑血流量进行检测,结果显示,丘脑出血性脑卒中大鼠局部脑血流量明显减少,提示局部脑血流变化与焦虑程度有一定相关性。关于静磁场暴露对体内微循环血流动力学影响的研究较少。Gurfinkel等[14]发现,在48 μT静磁场中暴露1 h,暴露人员毛细血管血流速度明显加快,血流量增加,关闭磁场后,可逐渐恢复到原有水平,提示磁场暴露可影响微循环,加快血流速度。本研究中,100 mT静磁场暴露7、14 d后,小鼠脑皮质血流灌注量较暴露前差异不明显,提示本暴露条件的静磁场对脑皮质血流的影响不明显。
神经炎症是中枢神经系统对干扰体内稳态平衡产生的一种免疫应答反应。通常情况下,在中枢神经系统受到损伤、感染和毒素的刺激或机体自身免疫的作用下会出现神经炎症[15]。小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统的常驻免疫细胞,其介导的神经炎症与多种神经退行性疾病的发展有关[16]。另外,小胶质细胞具有不同的形态和功能,在正常情况下主要以静息状态存在,在脑损伤或发生疾病时,小胶质细胞从静息状态转变为激活状态,炎性细胞因子分泌增加,进而出现神经炎症[17]。根据小胶质细胞激活的状态,分为经典激活型(M1表型)和替代激活型(M2表型)。M1型小胶质细胞具有促炎作用,可分泌促炎细胞因子,包括TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β、蛋白酶、趋化因子和活性氧等。而M2型小胶质细胞主要促进抗炎因子的释放(如IL-4、IL-10、IL-13和TGF-β),从而发挥抗炎作用,并通过清除损伤部位细胞碎片,表现出抑制炎症免疫反应[18];另外,它还可发挥神经保护作用,对损伤组织修复、促进血管生成具有重要意义[19-20]。本研究发现,静磁场暴露导致小鼠血清和脑组织内促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β水平明显升高,表明静磁场暴露可导致神经炎症,提示小胶质细胞在静磁场作用下向M1型极化。
NSE和S100β蛋白是反映中枢神经元损伤的重要指标。NSE是一种主要由神经元、神经内分泌细胞释放的可溶性细胞蛋白[21]。当神经元细胞结构受损,NSE便会释放进入脑脊液中,血脑屏障被破坏后,NSE能从脑脊液进入血液,血清NSE水平也相应升高。有研究显示,血清NSE水平与脑脊液中NSE水平呈正相关,因此血清NSE水平变化可用来评估脑损伤程度[22]。S100β是一种主要由星形胶质细胞分泌的酸性钙结合蛋白,对钙稳态的维持和学习、记忆发挥一定的作用,在神经系统中的表达水平较高。在正常生理情况下,S100β蛋白不能透过血脑屏障,但是当血脑屏障受到损害后,S100β蛋白可从损伤部位渗出进入脑脊液,并穿过血脑屏障进入血液,导致血清S100β水平迅速升高,因此血清S100β蛋白水平常被作为脑损伤的诊断指标[23-24]。BDNF是神经营养因子家族的一员,与突触可塑性和神经元的生长与分化关系密切,主要由神经元及神经胶质细胞产生。Karege等[25]采用免疫分析法和反转录聚合酶链式反应的检测结果显示,小鼠成长发育过程中血清和脑组织BDNF的表达水平具有相关性,认为血清BDNF水平可反映脑组织中BDNF的表达水平。Huang等[26]发现,抑郁症患者血清BDNF水平明显降低,血清BDNF水平有可能成为评估抑郁症严重程度的潜在生物标志物。此外,血清BDNF可反映精神分裂症患者的脑损伤程度,患者神经元、神经系统损伤会导致血清BDNF水平下降[27]。另外,有研究显示,抑郁症患者的血清BDNF水平明显降低[28]。刘静[29]发现,神经节苷脂结合高压氧治疗可明显降低缺血缺氧性脑病新生儿血清中的BDNF水平,提示BDNF水平变化可作为脑损伤效应评估的诊断指标。本研究发现,静磁场暴露导致小鼠血清BDNF水平明显降低,NSE和S100β水平明显升高,提示100 mT静磁场暴露可导致脑损伤。
综上所述,本研究发现,100 mT静磁场暴露导致小鼠脑组织和血清促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β水平明显升高,提示静磁场暴露可能导致小鼠神经炎症;并可引起小鼠血清BDNF水平降低,S100β和NSE水平升高,提示该条件静磁场暴露可导致脑损伤;但尚未导致小鼠神经行为异常。本研究的局限性在于,尚未揭示静磁场暴露脑损伤的强度效应与时间效应关系,未涉及相关的损伤机制,后续研究将进行深入探讨。
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.0165.2024.1125
  • 接收时间:2024-02-05
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-05
  • 录用日期:2024-03-28
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    1河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定 071002
    2军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京 100850

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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