Article(id=1199688711765066378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1997.2023.0628, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1664121600000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1668614400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-11-17, onlineDate=1763957678023, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1703692800000, pubDateStr=2023-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763957678023, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763957678023, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763957678023, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199688705905623579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2023', volume='48', issue='12', pageStart='1359', pageEnd='1491', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763957676626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763958367038, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199691601774739749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1199688705905623579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1433, endPage=1438, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199688712054473363, articleId=1199688711765066378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Diagnostic value and clinical application of surface electromyography in children with congenital muscular torticollis, columnId=1190310109000602400, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Clinical Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the EMG characteristics and clinical application value of surface EMG in cervical muscle group of children with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 478 children diagnosed as CMT from January 2018 to August 2022 in Rehabilitation Center of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University. The torticollis side of the same case was included in observation group and the healthy side was included in control group. Surface EMG was used to record the electromyography root-mean-square values of bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles, platysma muscles and upper trapezius muscles in the rest and different exercise states. The difference of root-mean-square values between the affected side and the healthy side muscle groups at rest and under different exercise states and the diagnostic value were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the severity of congenital muscular torticollis on the affected side and the root mean square value of each cervical muscle group. Results The root-mean-square value of sternocleidomastoid muscle on the affected side of CMT children was higher than that on the healthy side during relaxation and lower than that on the healthy side during contraction, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), the abnormal root-mean-square value of the affected side in the resting position and in all motion state has higher diagnostic value. The root-mean-square value of platysma muscle on the affected side was higher than that on the healthy side when it was in the resting position and the reverse neck rotation relaxed state (P<0.05), and lower than that on the healthy side when it was in the same neck rotation contraction state (P<0.05), abnormal values detected in resting sitting position and elevation of head have higher value. Root-mean-square value of upper trapezius muscle on the affected side was higher than that on the healthy side in the relaxed state (P<0.05). The abnormal values in sitting position, turning neck and bending head have high diagnostic value. The severity of CMT was positively correlated with the root-mean-square values of sternocleidomastoid muscle, platysma muscle, and upper trapezius muscle (r was 0.721, 0.612, 0.655, P<0.001). Conclusion sEMG could be used as a good method for the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of congenital muscular torticollis in children.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Xia Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)儿童颈部肌群中的肌电特征及临床应用价值。方法 选取2018年6月-2022年8月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复中心确诊为CMT的478例患儿进行回顾性分析。采用同一病例斜颈侧纳入患侧组、健侧纳入对照组的自身对照方法,采用表面肌电图记录静息和不同运动状态下双侧胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)的均方根(RMS)值,比较患侧与健侧肌群在静息及不同运动状态下的差异及诊断价值;采用Spearman相关系数评估患侧CMT严重程度与颈部各肌群的关系。结果 CMT儿童患侧胸锁乳突肌RMS值在放松时高于健侧,收缩时低于健侧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),患侧在静息坐位及各种运动状态下的RMS值异常均有较高诊断价值。患侧颈阔肌在静息坐位、反向转颈放松状态时的RMS值均高于健侧(P<0.05),同向转颈收缩状态时的RMS值均低于健侧(P<0.05),且在静息坐位、仰头时检测值异常具有较高价值。患侧斜方肌(上)在放松状态时RMS值高于健侧(P<0.05),在坐位、转颈及低头时的检测值异常具有较高检查价值。CMT的严重程度与胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)RMS值均呈正相关(r分别为0.721、0.612、0.655,P<0.001)。结论 表面肌电图检查可作为CMT儿童临床诊断及疗效评估的一种较好的方法。

, correspAuthors=陈玉霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈玉霞,E-mail:
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冯雪菲,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事神经发育性疾病方面的研究

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冯雪菲,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事神经发育性疾病方面的研究

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冯雪菲,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事神经发育性疾病方面的研究

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J Gannan Med Univ, 2021, 41(7): 740-744., articleTitle=The application of sEMG in clinical rehabilitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199700891457647459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=7, pageStart=740, pageEnd=744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=28, authorNames=胡凤丹, 蔡华安, 胡德, journalName=赣南医学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡凤丹, 蔡华安, 胡德, 等. 表面肌电在临床康复中的应用进展[J]. 赣南医学院学报, 2021, 41(7): 740-744., articleTitle=表面肌电在临床康复中的应用进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199700881949160070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199700881953354375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, companyId=1199700881949160070, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital in Shuangliu District of Chengdu/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199700881961742984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, companyId=1199700881949160070, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市双流区第一人民医院/四川大学华西空港医院儿科,四川成都 610200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199700882037240461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199700882041434767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, companyId=1199700882037240461, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199700882049823374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, companyId=1199700882037240461, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室,重庆 400014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199700886290264824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison and diagnostic values of RMS on the affected and healthy sternocleidomastoid muscles in testing and active states in patients with CMT (n=478)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体位RMS($\bar{x}±s$, μV)tPAUC(95%CI)截断值(μV)敏感度(%)特异度(%)
患侧健侧
静息坐位15.46±6.6712.13±4.2911.350.0000.851(0.814~0.888)14.573.779.1
同向转颈21.91±7.3719.60±6.056.290.0000.836(0.798~0.874)21.572.882.6
反向转颈42.82±13.1445.26±12.444.070.0000.794(0.754~0.834)39.588.861.0
仰头38.71±13.9139.88±14.832.000.0460.732(0.687~0.777)34.580.158.1
低头20.50±10.6815.45±5.3810.500.0000.849(0.810~0.888)15.583.572.5
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886424482554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

患侧与健侧胸锁乳突肌在静息及活动状态下RMS值比较及其判断CMT的价值(n=478)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体位RMS($\bar{x}±s$, μV)tPAUC(95%CI)截断值(μV)敏感度(%)特异度(%)
患侧健侧
静息坐位15.46±6.6712.13±4.2911.350.0000.851(0.814~0.888)14.573.779.1
同向转颈21.91±7.3719.60±6.056.290.0000.836(0.798~0.874)21.572.882.6
反向转颈42.82±13.1445.26±12.444.070.0000.794(0.754~0.834)39.588.861.0
仰头38.71±13.9139.88±14.832.000.0460.732(0.687~0.777)34.580.158.1
低头20.50±10.6815.45±5.3810.500.0000.849(0.810~0.888)15.583.572.5
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886525145853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison and diagnostic values of RMS on the affected and healthy platysma muscles in testing and active states of patients with CMT (n=478)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体位RMS($\bar{x}±s$, μV)tPAUC(95%CI)截断值(μV)敏感度(%)特异度(%)
患侧健侧
静息坐位11.01±5.639.86±4.444.9500.0000.789(0.742~0.836)8.581.666.9
同向转颈33.54±11.2234.59±11.902.0810.0380.619(0.562~0.675)32.552.867.0
反向转颈14.35±11.0213.66±11.342.9550.0370.681(0.625~0.737)15.567.964.3
仰头12.18±10.1411.71±9.811.6600.0980.492(0.443~0.514)12.582.263.6
低头24.82±15.4624.58±15.210.7730.4400.429(0.346~0.512)28.572.551.4
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886609031935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

患侧与健侧颈阔肌在静息及活动情况下RMS比较及其判断CMT的价值(n=478)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体位RMS($\bar{x}±s$, μV)tPAUC(95%CI)截断值(μV)敏感度(%)特异度(%)
患侧健侧
静息坐位11.01±5.639.86±4.444.9500.0000.789(0.742~0.836)8.581.666.9
同向转颈33.54±11.2234.59±11.902.0810.0380.619(0.562~0.675)32.552.867.0
反向转颈14.35±11.0213.66±11.342.9550.0370.681(0.625~0.737)15.567.964.3
仰头12.18±10.1411.71±9.811.6600.0980.492(0.443~0.514)12.582.263.6
低头24.82±15.4624.58±15.210.7730.4400.429(0.346~0.512)28.572.551.4
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886726472450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison and diagnostic values of RMS on the affected and healthy bilateral upper trapezius muscles in testing and active states in patients with CMT (n=478)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体位RMS($\bar{x}±s$, μV)tPAUC(95%CI)截断值(μV)敏感度(%)特异度(%)
患侧健侧
静息坐位19.65±7.715.44±6.5711.0170.0000.838(0.798~0.879)16.178.572.2
同向转颈40.72±12.5341.68±12.931.6760.0940.498(0.451~0.545)37.582.663.7
反向转颈25.33±8.5022.43±7.827.2720.0000.769(0.722~0.816)22.580.964.0
仰头33.71±13.6333.32±13.530.6760.5000.410(0.340~0.479)49.561.192.6
低头26.00±7.8321.48±7.5112.5100.0000.793(0.737~0.850)24.576.174.0
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886814552837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CMT儿童双侧斜方肌(上)在静息及活动状态下RMS的比较及其判断CMT的价值(n=478)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体位RMS($\bar{x}±s$, μV)tPAUC(95%CI)截断值(μV)敏感度(%)特异度(%)
患侧健侧
静息坐位19.65±7.715.44±6.5711.0170.0000.838(0.798~0.879)16.178.572.2
同向转颈40.72±12.5341.68±12.931.6760.0940.498(0.451~0.545)37.582.663.7
反向转颈25.33±8.5022.43±7.827.2720.0000.769(0.722~0.816)22.580.964.0
仰头33.71±13.6333.32±13.530.6760.5000.410(0.340~0.479)49.561.192.6
低头26.00±7.8321.48±7.5112.5100.0000.793(0.737~0.850)24.576.174.0
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886898438921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of RMS of bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle in CMT children of different ages under testing and active conditions states(μV, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月龄静息坐位同向转颈反向转颈仰头低头
健侧患侧健侧患侧健侧患侧健侧患侧健侧患侧
0~6(n=115)14.58±4.1817.10±6.01(2)20.44±4.1222.68±6.12(2)41.65±9.4539.79±9.34(1)35.90±8.5734.42±9,02(1)17.17±5.0322.29±7.10(2)
7~12(n=183)12.56±4.2715.66±7.46(2)21.15±6.3722.68±8.15(2)45.66±11.9943.10±12.43(1)39.66±13.4437.28±12.63(1)16.55±5.3720.93±8.41(2)
13~24(n=103)11.95±4.1214.74±5.68(2)19.45±6.7221.49±7.00(1)46.87±12.2141.73±12.48(1)40.82±12.9337.97±13.67(1)14.80±5.7521.24±16.96(2)
25~36(n=34)11.70±4.3813.16±4.82 (1)18.21±9.8117.56±7.2948.05±14.3544.95±20.67(1)47.91±26.4141.16±19.40(1)14.64±6.6315.40±6.31
≥37(n=43)9.24±3.639.41±4.0917.88±6.7417.50±7.0753.76±14.6447.82±17.74(1)49.47±17.2545.41±19.66(1)12.62±5.8213.03±6.82
), ArticleFig(id=1199700886978130700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1199688711765066378, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同年龄段CMT儿童双侧胸锁乳突肌在静息及活动状态下RMS比较(μV, $\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月龄静息坐位同向转颈反向转颈仰头低头
健侧患侧健侧患侧健侧患侧健侧患侧健侧患侧
0~6(n=115)14.58±4.1817.10±6.01(2)20.44±4.1222.68±6.12(2)41.65±9.4539.79±9.34(1)35.90±8.5734.42±9,02(1)17.17±5.0322.29±7.10(2)
7~12(n=183)12.56±4.2715.66±7.46(2)21.15±6.3722.68±8.15(2)45.66±11.9943.10±12.43(1)39.66±13.4437.28±12.63(1)16.55±5.3720.93±8.41(2)
13~24(n=103)11.95±4.1214.74±5.68(2)19.45±6.7221.49±7.00(1)46.87±12.2141.73±12.48(1)40.82±12.9337.97±13.67(1)14.80±5.7521.24±16.96(2)
25~36(n=34)11.70±4.3813.16±4.82 (1)18.21±9.8117.56±7.2948.05±14.3544.95±20.67(1)47.91±26.4141.16±19.40(1)14.64±6.6315.40±6.31
≥37(n=43)9.24±3.639.41±4.0917.88±6.7417.50±7.0753.76±14.6447.82±17.74(1)49.47±17.2545.41±19.66(1)12.62±5.8213.03±6.82
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表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈儿童中的诊断价值及临床应用
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冯雪菲 1 , 刘苑 2 , 龚德志 1 , 成少华 1 , 陈玉霞 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023,48(12): 1433-1438
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解放军医学杂志 | 临床研究 2023, 48(12): 1433-1438
表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈儿童中的诊断价值及临床应用
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冯雪菲1, 刘苑2, 龚德志1, 成少华1, 陈玉霞2, *
作者信息
  • 1成都市双流区第一人民医院/四川大学华西空港医院儿科,四川成都 610200
  • 2重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室,重庆 400014
  • 冯雪菲,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事神经发育性疾病方面的研究

通讯作者:

陈玉霞,E-mail:
Diagnostic value and clinical application of surface electromyography in children with congenital muscular torticollis
Xue-Fei Feng1, Liu-Yuan2, De-Zhi Gong1, Shao-Hua Chen1, Yu-Xia Chen2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital in Shuangliu District of Chengdu/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
  • 2Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
出版时间: 2023-12-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1997.2023.0628
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目的 探讨表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)儿童颈部肌群中的肌电特征及临床应用价值。方法 选取2018年6月-2022年8月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复中心确诊为CMT的478例患儿进行回顾性分析。采用同一病例斜颈侧纳入患侧组、健侧纳入对照组的自身对照方法,采用表面肌电图记录静息和不同运动状态下双侧胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)的均方根(RMS)值,比较患侧与健侧肌群在静息及不同运动状态下的差异及诊断价值;采用Spearman相关系数评估患侧CMT严重程度与颈部各肌群的关系。结果 CMT儿童患侧胸锁乳突肌RMS值在放松时高于健侧,收缩时低于健侧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),患侧在静息坐位及各种运动状态下的RMS值异常均有较高诊断价值。患侧颈阔肌在静息坐位、反向转颈放松状态时的RMS值均高于健侧(P<0.05),同向转颈收缩状态时的RMS值均低于健侧(P<0.05),且在静息坐位、仰头时检测值异常具有较高价值。患侧斜方肌(上)在放松状态时RMS值高于健侧(P<0.05),在坐位、转颈及低头时的检测值异常具有较高检查价值。CMT的严重程度与胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)RMS值均呈正相关(r分别为0.721、0.612、0.655,P<0.001)。结论 表面肌电图检查可作为CMT儿童临床诊断及疗效评估的一种较好的方法。

先天性肌性斜颈  /  胸锁乳突肌  /  颈阔肌  /  斜方肌(上)  /  表面肌电图  /  均方根值

Objective To investigate the EMG characteristics and clinical application value of surface EMG in cervical muscle group of children with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 478 children diagnosed as CMT from January 2018 to August 2022 in Rehabilitation Center of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University. The torticollis side of the same case was included in observation group and the healthy side was included in control group. Surface EMG was used to record the electromyography root-mean-square values of bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles, platysma muscles and upper trapezius muscles in the rest and different exercise states. The difference of root-mean-square values between the affected side and the healthy side muscle groups at rest and under different exercise states and the diagnostic value were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the severity of congenital muscular torticollis on the affected side and the root mean square value of each cervical muscle group. Results The root-mean-square value of sternocleidomastoid muscle on the affected side of CMT children was higher than that on the healthy side during relaxation and lower than that on the healthy side during contraction, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), the abnormal root-mean-square value of the affected side in the resting position and in all motion state has higher diagnostic value. The root-mean-square value of platysma muscle on the affected side was higher than that on the healthy side when it was in the resting position and the reverse neck rotation relaxed state (P<0.05), and lower than that on the healthy side when it was in the same neck rotation contraction state (P<0.05), abnormal values detected in resting sitting position and elevation of head have higher value. Root-mean-square value of upper trapezius muscle on the affected side was higher than that on the healthy side in the relaxed state (P<0.05). The abnormal values in sitting position, turning neck and bending head have high diagnostic value. The severity of CMT was positively correlated with the root-mean-square values of sternocleidomastoid muscle, platysma muscle, and upper trapezius muscle (r was 0.721, 0.612, 0.655, P<0.001). Conclusion sEMG could be used as a good method for the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of congenital muscular torticollis in children.

congenital muscular torticollis  /  sternocleidomastoid muscle  /  platysma muscle  /  upper trapezius muscle  /  surface electromyography  /  root-mean-square value
冯雪菲, 刘苑, 龚德志, 成少华, 陈玉霞. 表面肌电图在先天性肌性斜颈儿童中的诊断价值及临床应用. 解放军医学杂志, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1433 -1438 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1997.2023.0628
Xue-Fei Feng, Liu-Yuan, De-Zhi Gong, Shao-Hua Chen, Yu-Xia Chen. Diagnostic value and clinical application of surface electromyography in children with congenital muscular torticollis[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2023 , 48 (12) : 1433 -1438 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1997.2023.0628
先天性肌性斜颈(congenital muscular torticollis,CMT)是以颈侧屈和颈旋转为特征的颈部姿势性畸形[1-2],临床表现为患儿头部向患侧歪斜,下颌转向健侧,除累及患侧胸锁乳突肌外,也经常影响颈部周围的肌肉组织、血管、神经、筋膜等,是一种较为严重的肌肉畸形疾病。CMT至今尚缺乏标准化的临床分型,在临床中常将其分为非肿块型、卵圆形肿块型及条索状肿块型[3-4]。目前,CMT通常以客观病情、临床触诊、超声检查胸锁乳突肌结构等方法明确诊断[5-6],但这类检查手段仅对胸锁乳突肌存在结构性病变的患儿敏感,缺乏协助诊断患儿病情严重程度及评估预后的有效的功能性评估量化指标和方法。表面肌电图(surface electromyography,sEMG)能够实时、准确地在非损伤状态下反映肌肉的活动、功能及疲劳状态,故采用sEMG评价肌肉功能已成为近年来神经康复医学研究的一个重要领域[7]。均方根(root-mean-square,RMS)值可代表肌电信号的平均强度,是肌电时域值中最可靠的参数,可用于评价肌肉在运动及静息状态下的肌力大小[8]。本研究选择RMS值作为颈部各肌群肌电反应的记录方法,探索颈部各肌群的RMS特征,以期为临床CMT功能状态和康复疗效的评价提供有效、可行的临床方法。
收集2018年6月-2022年8月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复中心确诊为CMT的478例患儿进行回顾性分析。所有患儿中,男296例,女182例,中位年龄0.8(0.2~9.0)岁。所有患儿均须符合2013年美国物理治疗协会儿科组的临床实践指南对CMT的诊断标准[9]:头部持续向患侧歪斜、下巴转向健侧,排除骨性、眼性、神经源性、听性和感染性斜颈。纳入标准:(1)符合CMT诊断标准,仅发生在单侧;(2)病情平稳,无急性疾病发作;(3)大运动、认知发育正常。排除标准:(1)颈部外伤、锁骨骨折等急性疾病;(2)脊椎异常、眼性斜颈、中枢神经系统病变、斜头畸形等慢性疾病;(3)体重过轻或过重(过轻,低于M-2SD;过重,大于M+2SD)。本研究已获得重庆医科大学附属儿童医院伦理评审委员会审批(审第S2012-013)。
将入组患儿斜颈侧视为患侧,作为观察组,斜颈对侧视为健侧,作为对照组,其中左侧斜颈264例,右侧斜颈214例。根据2018年美国物理治疗协会儿科学部发布的CMT严重程度分类系统(CMT-SCS)[9]将患儿分为轻度(n=180,仅有姿势性的偏向或肌肉紧张,颈部旋转受限<15°)、中度(n=199,伴有肌肉紧张及颈部旋转受限15~30°)、重度(n=99,伴有肌肉紧张及颈部旋转受限>30°)。
本研究采用芬兰Mega公司生产的八通道生物机能实验系统采集肌电信号,应用配套Mega Win软件(芬兰Mega公司)表面肌电分析系统对采集的原始肌电信号进行分析。用75%乙醇擦拭清洁患儿双侧胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上),将测试电极片放置备检肌肉肌腹最饱满处,与所检肌肉肌纤维方向一致,同一肌肉上电极片之间的距离>1 cm,参考电极置于测试电极外侧骨性标志突出处。环境温度保持在26~28 ℃。被检者保持清醒放松状态,固定为坐位,颈部保持中立位。听检查者指令做以下动作:(1)头颈静息居中位;(2)主动运动,被检查者行患侧同向转颈、反向转颈、后仰及前屈。每次检查颈部活动均需达到关节活动度的最大角度,且体位至少保持5 s。患儿因年龄小听不懂指令时可在检查者或监护人逗引下最大程度地接近标准动作。记录并测量RMS值。
比较患侧与健侧胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)在静息、转颈、前屈、后仰时RMS的差异;对患儿年龄进行分层,比较不同年龄段患侧与健侧胸锁乳突肌在静息及活动状态下RMS的差异。以RMS作为检验变量,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC)以寻找最佳截断值,确定患侧RMS对不同肌群在不同体位下的判断价值;并分析患侧CMT严重程度与各肌群RMS的相关性。
采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料先进行正态分布和方差齐性检查,正态分布且方差齐时以$\bar{x}±s$表示,组间比较采用配对t检验;非正态分布时以(Q1,Q3)表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。采用ROC曲线分析RMS值在患侧与健侧的诊断效能,曲线下面积(AUC)在≤0.5时诊断价值较低,0.5<AUC<1有诊断价值,其中AUC>0.7提示诊断价值较高。采用Spearman相关分析患侧CMT严重程度与各肌群RMS的相关性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
当胸锁乳突肌处于静息坐位、同向转颈、低头放松状态时,患侧组RMS高于健侧组(P<0.05),处于反向转颈、仰头收缩状态时患侧组RMS低于健侧组(P<0.05)。患侧RMS在静息坐位及各运动状态下AUC值均>0.5(表1)。
当颈阔肌处于静息坐位、反向转颈放松状态时,患侧RMS值高于健侧(P<0.05),而当处于同向转颈收缩状态时,患侧RMS值低于健侧(P<0.05);在仰头和低头时RMS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患侧RMS在静息坐位及转颈时AUC值均>0.5(表2)。
当患儿斜方肌(上)处于静息坐位及反向转颈、低头放松状态时,患侧RMS高于健侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在处于同向转颈、仰头收缩时RMS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患侧RMS在静息坐位、反向转颈、低头放松体位下AUC值均>0.5(表3)。
0~6、7~12、13~24月龄患儿患侧与健侧在静息坐位和不同活动状态下RMS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中,当胸锁乳突肌处于静息坐位、同向转颈、低头放松状态时患侧RMS高于健侧(P<0.05),处于反向转颈、仰头收缩时患侧RMS低于健侧(P<0.05)。25~36月龄患儿处于静息坐位放松状态时患侧RMS高于健侧(P<0.05),处于反向转颈、仰头收缩体位时患侧RMS低于健侧(P<0.05),处于同向转颈、低头放松状态时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≥37月龄患儿处于反向转颈、仰头收缩体位时,患侧RMS低于健侧(P<0.05),处于静息坐位、同向转颈、低头放松状态时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表4)。
Spearman相关分析显示,当患儿处于静息坐位时,CMT严重程度与胸锁乳突肌、颈阔肌、斜方肌(上)RMS均呈正相关(r分别为0.721、0.612、0.655,P<0.001)。
CMT早诊断是预防远期不良事件发生的关键,超声检查虽能检出具有形态学改变的肌性斜颈,但在准确量化肌纤维化程度和肌肉功能方面具有一定的局限性[10],因此,临床上需要找到客观量化的指标来评价患儿的颈部肌肉功能。根据既往文献报道,CMT患儿患侧肌群的肌电图较临床表现更为广泛、复杂[11-13]。本研究也发现,无论何种程度的斜颈,肌电活动均呈现出不同程度的异常,因而能在一定程度上反映患儿患侧肌群在收缩和放松状态下的肌肉功能变化情况。
目前,国内采用sEMG检测颈部肌群肌肉功能的文章报道较少,且以患侧胸锁乳突肌单一体位的肌电变化报道为主[8,14]。本研究通过多个体位检查发现,患儿患侧胸锁乳突肌在不同体位下均呈现异常的肌电反应,且较单一体位表现得更为广泛和复杂。患儿患侧胸锁乳突肌在静息坐位、同向转颈、低头放松体位下RMS均高于健侧(P<0.05),反映患侧胸锁乳突肌存在静态或动态肌张力增高的现象,导致肌肉在静息或运动过程中放松不良,延展性变弱,这与桂彤等[14]、Nacpil等[15]的研究结果一致。当患侧胸锁乳突肌处于反向转颈、仰头收缩体位时RMS低于健侧(P<0.05),提示患侧胸锁乳突肌在收缩时运动单位时限缩短,激活、募集和参与活动的肌纤维数量减少,肌肉兴奋性差[15-16],同时亦可能存在电冲动在肌细胞膜上传导不均匀,导致同一个运动单元内的肌纤维放电不同步,出现共同收缩能力弱的现象[17-18]。本研究还发现,CMT患儿患侧胸锁乳突肌RMS在静息及各种运动状态下AUC均大于0.7,提示在静息坐位及各种运动状态下RMS检测值异常具有较高价值,sEMG可能在诊断CMT患儿胸锁乳突肌功能异常方面具有较好的判断价值。
目前,国内外对CMT的报道主要围绕着胸锁乳突肌,而关于颈部活动协同肌对CMT的影响却鲜有报道,仅王诗忠等[19]、Chotigavanichaya等[20]对少量患者颈部其他肌群进行肌电测量,证实了维持颈部平衡及协调运动还需颈部其他肌群的共同参与。本研究不仅检测胸锁乳突肌,还对颈阔肌及斜方肌(上)这类相对表浅的协同肌进行肌电测量,发现患侧协同肌在主被动运动时仍存在异常的肌电反应,这一结果反映协同肌在CMT患儿颈部活动时存在功能上的限制,相似的姿势异常可由不同肌肉收缩异常导致,而相同肌肉由于体位不同,亦可表现出不同的临床表现。当患儿患侧颈阔肌在静息坐位、反向转颈的放松体位时RMS高于健侧(P<0.05),提示患侧颈阔肌存在静态和动态肌张力增高,可导致肌肉放松不良;而当患侧同向转颈肌肉收缩时RMS低于健侧(P<0.05),表现出收缩时肌力不足的现象,提示治疗师可根据患侧颈阔肌肌电特征给予相应的主被动训练。另一协同肌斜方肌(上)在静息坐位、反向转颈、低头放松状态下RMS明显高于健侧(P<0.05),提示患侧斜方肌(上)存在放松不良、延展性下降的肌肉特征,治疗师应重视斜方肌的放松训练。综上,对CMT患儿协同肌进行sEMG测量发现,CMT除累及患侧的胸锁乳突肌外,还可影响胸锁乳突肌周围的肌肉组织。因此,建议物理治疗师在对CMT患儿进行斜颈纠正时,除关注胸锁乳突肌,还需关注协同肌的功能恢复。
既往关于CMT的临床实践指南报道,发现较晚的CMT婴儿其治疗周期较发现较早者明显延长[15],且可能会增加最终使用更具侵入性的干预措施的风险[20],因此,早期识别和治疗对防止继发性损伤及预防并发症至关重要[11,21]。本研究发现,sEMG对各类型的CMT均有良好的检出率,随着CMT严重程度的进展,RMS值也随之增高,两者呈正相关。但sEMG检查容易受体重、年龄、肌肉发育情况等干扰[2,22],目前尚未见文献报道不同年龄段CMT患儿胸锁乳突肌RMS的参考范围。本研究将478例CMT儿童分为5个年龄层,发现各年龄层患儿患侧胸锁乳突肌均存在不同程度的肌电异常表现,尤其是≤2岁的CMT患儿,无论是在静息还是在活动状态下,患侧与健侧胸锁乳突肌的RMS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示sEMG用于≤2岁CMT儿童具有良好的检出率,临床中可尝试采用sEMG对≤2岁儿童进行胸锁乳突肌静息及活动状态的功能性评估,以协助诊疗和康复方案的制定。但由于本研究针对>2岁CMT儿童的样本量相对较小,仍有待进一步扩大样本量来分析不同年龄层CMT患儿胸锁乳突肌的肌电表现。
综上所述,CMT患儿的不同肌群在不同体位下存在不同的肌电反应,提示sEMG用于CMT患儿的检查和疗效评估是有效、可行的。但目前国内外文献均未报道健康儿童颈部各肌群在静止或运动状态下RMS的参考值范围,因此,下一步可对年龄段、性别、体重进行分层采集,进一步探索sEMG作为儿童CMT客观诊断及疗效评估工具的应用价值。
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2023年第48卷第12期
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1997.2023.0628
  • 接收时间:2022-09-26
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-12-28
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26
  • 录用日期:2022-11-17
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    1成都市双流区第一人民医院/四川大学华西空港医院儿科,四川成都 610200
    2重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室,重庆 400014

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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