Article(id=1194613946213700019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194613942065533315, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1369.2024.1223, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725379200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1731513600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-14, onlineDate=1762747759630, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762747759630, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762747759630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762747759630, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194613942065533315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, year='2025', volume='50', issue='3', pageStart='245', pageEnd='365', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762747758641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762749141462, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1194619742100103439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194613942065533315, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1194619742100103440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, issueId=1194613942065533315, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=254, endPage=260, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194613946440192439, articleId=1194613946213700019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, language=EN, title=Analysis of factors affecting bacterial overgrowth in small intestine of different gas-producing types, columnId=1194613943957164424, journalTitle=Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, columnName=Special Issue on Role of Gut Microbiota in Disease Occurrence and Treatment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the influencing factors of different types of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods A total of 539 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2021 to December 2021 and who underwent methane-hydrogen breath test were retrospectively selected. Based on breath test results, patients were divided into SIBO-negative group (n=300) and SIBO-positive group (n=239). The clinical data were compared between two groups. According to the specific values of breath test results, SIBO-positive patients were further divided into hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth (hydrogen-positive, n=103), intestinal methanogen overgrowth (methanogen-positive, n=80), and simultaneous methanogen and hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth (double positive, n=56) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors of different SIBO types. Additionally, SIBO-positive patients were categorized by age into <45 years (n=23), 45-60 years (n=82), 60-75 years (n=124), and ≥75 years (n=10) to compare SIBO positivity rates across age groups. Results The patients in SIBO-positive and double positive groups were older and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than those in SIBO-negative group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the patients in SIBO-negative group, those in hydrogen-positive group showed a higher proportion of history of coronary heart disease, those in methanogen-positive group were older, and higher proportion of statin use, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, among different SIBO types, a history of coronary heart disease served as an independent risk factor for hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth (OR=2.728, 95%CI 1.271-5.857, P=0.010). For methanogen overgrowth, increasing age was identified as an independent risk factor (OR=1.040, 95%CI 1.009-1.063, P=0.010), while the application of statin played the role of an independent protective factor (OR=0.420, 95%CI 0.236-0.754, P=0.003). As for the simultaneous overgrowth of methane-producing and hydrogen-producing bacteria, increased BMI was found to be an independent protective factor (OR=0.870, 95%CI 0.786-0.964, P=0.008). In SIBO-positive group, it was found that for patients aged <45 years, both the methane-positive rate and the double-positive rate were significantly lower than the hydrogen positivity rate (P<0.05). Moreover, among patients aged 45-60 years, the double-positive rate was significantly lower than the hydrogen positivity rate (P<0.01). When it comes to the hydrogen-positive rate, it was significantly lower for patients aged 45-60 and 60-75 years compared with that of patients aged <45 years (P<0.05). In contrast, the methane-positive rate and the double-positive rate were significantly higher for patients aged 45-60 and 60-75 years than those of patients aged <45 years (P<0.01). Conclusion A history of coronary heart disease and increasing age are independent risk factors for intestinal hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth and methanogen overgrowth, respectively. The application of statins and increased BMI are independent protective factors for intestinal methanogen simultaneous overgrowth of methanogen and hydrogen-producing bacteria, respectively.

, correspAuthors=Li-Hong Cui, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
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目的 探讨不同类型小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)的影响因素。方法 选取2021年6-12月于解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科住院并行甲烷氢呼气试验的539例患者进行回顾性分析。根据甲烷氢呼气试验结果分为SIBO阴性组(n=300)与SIBO阳性组(n=239),比较两组患者的临床资料。根据甲烷氢呼气试验结果将SIBO阳性患者进一步分为产氢菌过度生长组(氢阳组,n=103)、产甲烷菌过度生长组(甲烷阳组,n=80)、产氢菌及产甲烷菌同时过度生长组(双阳组,n=56);采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析不同类型SIBO的影响因素。根据年龄将SIBO阳性患者分为<45岁(n=23)、45~60岁(n=82)、60~75岁(n=124)、≥75岁(n=10)亚组进行分层分析,比较不同年龄段患者SIBO阳性率的差异。结果 与SIBO阴性组比较,SIBO阳性组和双阳组患者年龄增加,体重指数(BMI)降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);氢阳组冠心病史比例增高,甲烷阳组年龄增加,他汀类药物应用比例降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,冠心病史是产氢菌过度生长的独立危险因素(OR=2.728,95%CI 1.271~5.857,P=0.010);年龄增长是产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素(OR=1.040,95%CI 1.009~1.063,P=0.010),而他汀类药物应用是其独立保护因素(OR=0.420,95%CI 0.236~0.754,P=0.003);BMI升高是产氢菌及产甲烷菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素(OR=0.870,95%CI 0.786~0.964,P=0.008)。在SIBO阳性组中,<45岁的患者甲烷阳率、双阳率均明显低于氢阳率(P<0.05),45~60岁的患者双阳率明显低于氢阳率(P<0.01);45~60岁、60~75岁的患者氢阳率明显低于<45岁的患者(P<0.05),甲烷阳率、双阳率明显高于<45岁的患者(P<0.01)。结论 冠心病史和年龄增长分别是产氢菌和产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素,他汀类药物应用和BMI升高分别是产甲烷菌过度生长、产甲烷菌及产氢菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素。

, correspAuthors=崔立红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
崔立红,E-mail:
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刘晓娜,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事肠道微生态方面的研究

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刘晓娜,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事肠道微生态方面的研究

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Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(13): 7341., articleTitle=Identification of SIBO subtypes along with nutritional status and diet as key elements of SIBO therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194634132912316951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=193, issue=2, pageStart=699, pageEnd=703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Tang S, Li J, Ma J, journalName=Ir J Med Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang S, Li J, Ma J, et al. Comparison of jejunal aspirate culture and methane and hydrogen breath test in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth[J]. 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Am J Gastroenterol, 2022, 117(12): 2055-2066., articleTitle=Methanogens and hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria guide distinct gut microbe profiles and irritable bowel syndrome subtypes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1194634128164364732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, awardId=, language=EN, fundingSource=Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH 2020-2-5113)(), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1194634128260833726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, awardId=, language=CN, fundingSource=首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2020-2-5113)(), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194634122518831395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194634122527220003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, companyId=1194634122518831395, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194634122539802916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, companyId=1194634122518831395, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1解放军医学院研究生院,北京 100853)]), AuthorCompany(id=1194634122653049127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194634122657243433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, companyId=1194634122653049127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194634122665632041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, companyId=1194634122653049127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科,北京 100048)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194634127216452007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of different types of SIBO, figureFileSmall=qsisNnBCvP9zX5QF3diq3Q==, figureFileBig=jQuE2/Y5Hv31KWyExg44KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634127291949482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=CN, label=图1, caption=多因素logistic回归分析不同类型SIBO的影响因素

SIBO. 小肠细菌过度生长;BMI. 体重指数

, figureFileSmall=qsisNnBCvP9zX5QF3diq3Q==, figureFileBig=jQuE2/Y5Hv31KWyExg44KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194634127442944429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of the clinical data of the two groups of patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SIBO阴性组(n=300)SIBO阳性组(n=239)Z/χ2/tP
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]58.0(49.3, 64.0)61.0(53.0, 66.0)-2.8420.004
性别[例(%)]0.2990.584
164(54.7)125(52.3)
136(45.3)114(47.7)
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]24.69(21.97, 26.67)23.83(21.76, 25.95)-2.3100.021
吸烟史[例(%)]63(21.0)52(21.8)0.0450.831
饮酒史[例(%)]126(42.0)90(37.7)1.0450.307
冠心病史[例(%)]17(5.7)20(14.6)1.5190.218
高血压病史[例(%)]108(36.0)69(28.9)3.0660.080
甲状腺功能减退[例(%)]12(4.0)11(4.6)0.1180.731
胃肠道手术史[例(%)]22(7.3)12(5.0)1.2040.273
胆囊切除史[例(%)]8(2.6)11(4.6)1.4660.226
抗血小板药物应用[例(%)]27(9.0)18(7.5)0.3740.540
他汀类药物应用[例(%)]127(42.3)85(35.5)2.5540.110
脂肪肝[例(%)]124(41.3)89(37.2)0.9330.334
幽门螺杆菌感染[例(%)]100(33.3)88(36.8)0.7120.399
FPG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]5.24(4.87, 5.80)5.32(4.91, 5.82)-0.4800.631
TC[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]4.88(4.19, 5.56)4.77(4.06, 5.44)-0.7250.468
TG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.40(0.98, 2.16)1.29(0.97, 1.95)-1.4820.138
LDL-C(mmol/L, s)2.90±0.832.85±0.770.8550.393
HDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.24(1.08, 1.53)1.24(1.06, 1.50)-0.2440.808
), ArticleFig(id=1194634127531024815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患者临床资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SIBO阴性组(n=300)SIBO阳性组(n=239)Z/χ2/tP
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]58.0(49.3, 64.0)61.0(53.0, 66.0)-2.8420.004
性别[例(%)]0.2990.584
164(54.7)125(52.3)
136(45.3)114(47.7)
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]24.69(21.97, 26.67)23.83(21.76, 25.95)-2.3100.021
吸烟史[例(%)]63(21.0)52(21.8)0.0450.831
饮酒史[例(%)]126(42.0)90(37.7)1.0450.307
冠心病史[例(%)]17(5.7)20(14.6)1.5190.218
高血压病史[例(%)]108(36.0)69(28.9)3.0660.080
甲状腺功能减退[例(%)]12(4.0)11(4.6)0.1180.731
胃肠道手术史[例(%)]22(7.3)12(5.0)1.2040.273
胆囊切除史[例(%)]8(2.6)11(4.6)1.4660.226
抗血小板药物应用[例(%)]27(9.0)18(7.5)0.3740.540
他汀类药物应用[例(%)]127(42.3)85(35.5)2.5540.110
脂肪肝[例(%)]124(41.3)89(37.2)0.9330.334
幽门螺杆菌感染[例(%)]100(33.3)88(36.8)0.7120.399
FPG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]5.24(4.87, 5.80)5.32(4.91, 5.82)-0.4800.631
TC[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]4.88(4.19, 5.56)4.77(4.06, 5.44)-0.7250.468
TG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.40(0.98, 2.16)1.29(0.97, 1.95)-1.4820.138
LDL-C(mmol/L, s)2.90±0.832.85±0.770.8550.393
HDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.24(1.08, 1.53)1.24(1.06, 1.50)-0.2440.808
), ArticleFig(id=1194634127644271026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Analysis of factors affecting different types of SIBO

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SIBO阴性组(n=300)氢阳组(n=103)甲烷阳组(n=80)双阳组(n=56)F/H/χ2P
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]58.0(49.3, 64.0)59.0(51.0, 65.0)62.0(51.0, 67.0)(1)62.5(57.3, 67.0)(1)3.0420.007
性别[例(%)]5.0200.170
164(54.7)52(50.5)49(61.3)24(42.9)
136(45.3)51(49.5)31(38.8)32(57.1)
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]24.69(21.97, 26.67)23.72(21.99, 26.06)24.35(22.13, 26.43)23.38(20.88, 25.36)(1)(2)(3)10.6030.014
吸烟史[例(%)]63(21.0)24(23.3)20(25.0)8(14.3)2.5560.465
饮酒史[例(%)]126(42.0)37(35.9)34(42.5)19(33.9)2.2790.516
冠心病史[例(%)]17(5.7)15(14.6)(1)4(5.0)1(1.8)11.7170.008
高血压病史[例(%)]108(36.0)30(29.1)24(30.0)15(26.8)3.2260.358
甲状腺功能减退[例(%)]12(4.0)3(2.9)6(7.5)2(3.6)-0.508#
胃肠道手术史[例(%)]22(7.33)4(3.88)5(6.25)3(5.4)1.7770.620
胆囊切除史[例(%)]8(2.7)8(7.8)2(2.5)1(1.8)-0.128#
抗血小板药物应用[例(%)]27(9.0)7(6.8)8(10.0)3(5.6)1.5190.678
他汀类药物应用[例(%)]127(42.3)42(40.8)20(25.0)(1)23(41.1)8.1800.042
脂肪肝[例(%)]124(41.3)35(34.0)33(41.3)21(37.5)1.9310.578
幽门螺杆菌感染[例(%)]100(33.3)41(39.8)31(38.8)16(28.6)2.9260.403
FPG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]5.24(4.87, 5.80)5.27(4.88, 5.81)5.30(4.88, 5.81)5.30(4.89, 5.80)4.9690.174
TC[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]4.77(4.19, 5.56)4.79(4.09, 5.42)4.58(3.90, 5.42)4.90(4.15, 5.54)2.6860.443
TG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.40(0.98, 2.16)1.25(0.89, 1.96)1.37(1.02, 2.02)1.24(0.95, 1.64)3.6000.308
LDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.87(2.29, 3.45)3.00(2.27, 3.42)2.75(2.23, 3.26)2.84(2.26, 3.37)1.8940.595
HDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.24(1.08, 1.53)1.22(1.07, 1.47)1.20(1.03, 1.40)1.33(1.18, 1.60)6.8850.076
), ArticleFig(id=1194634127749128629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同类型SIBO的影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SIBO阴性组(n=300)氢阳组(n=103)甲烷阳组(n=80)双阳组(n=56)F/H/χ2P
年龄[岁, M(Q1, Q3)]58.0(49.3, 64.0)59.0(51.0, 65.0)62.0(51.0, 67.0)(1)62.5(57.3, 67.0)(1)3.0420.007
性别[例(%)]5.0200.170
164(54.7)52(50.5)49(61.3)24(42.9)
136(45.3)51(49.5)31(38.8)32(57.1)
BMI[kg/m2, M(Q1, Q3)]24.69(21.97, 26.67)23.72(21.99, 26.06)24.35(22.13, 26.43)23.38(20.88, 25.36)(1)(2)(3)10.6030.014
吸烟史[例(%)]63(21.0)24(23.3)20(25.0)8(14.3)2.5560.465
饮酒史[例(%)]126(42.0)37(35.9)34(42.5)19(33.9)2.2790.516
冠心病史[例(%)]17(5.7)15(14.6)(1)4(5.0)1(1.8)11.7170.008
高血压病史[例(%)]108(36.0)30(29.1)24(30.0)15(26.8)3.2260.358
甲状腺功能减退[例(%)]12(4.0)3(2.9)6(7.5)2(3.6)-0.508#
胃肠道手术史[例(%)]22(7.33)4(3.88)5(6.25)3(5.4)1.7770.620
胆囊切除史[例(%)]8(2.7)8(7.8)2(2.5)1(1.8)-0.128#
抗血小板药物应用[例(%)]27(9.0)7(6.8)8(10.0)3(5.6)1.5190.678
他汀类药物应用[例(%)]127(42.3)42(40.8)20(25.0)(1)23(41.1)8.1800.042
脂肪肝[例(%)]124(41.3)35(34.0)33(41.3)21(37.5)1.9310.578
幽门螺杆菌感染[例(%)]100(33.3)41(39.8)31(38.8)16(28.6)2.9260.403
FPG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]5.24(4.87, 5.80)5.27(4.88, 5.81)5.30(4.88, 5.81)5.30(4.89, 5.80)4.9690.174
TC[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]4.77(4.19, 5.56)4.79(4.09, 5.42)4.58(3.90, 5.42)4.90(4.15, 5.54)2.6860.443
TG[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.40(0.98, 2.16)1.25(0.89, 1.96)1.37(1.02, 2.02)1.24(0.95, 1.64)3.6000.308
LDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]2.87(2.29, 3.45)3.00(2.27, 3.42)2.75(2.23, 3.26)2.84(2.26, 3.37)1.8940.595
HDL-C[mmol/L, M(Q1, Q3)]1.24(1.08, 1.53)1.22(1.07, 1.47)1.20(1.03, 1.40)1.33(1.18, 1.60)6.8850.076
), ArticleFig(id=1194634127853986231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of various types of SIBO positivity rates at different ages in SIBO subgroups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标<45岁(n=23)45~60岁(n=82)60~75岁(n=124)≥75岁(n=10)χ2P
氢阳性14(60.9)38(46.3)(3)46(37.1)(3)5(50.0)(4)(6)(7)58.447<0.001
甲烷阳性4(17.4)(1)25(30.5)(4)47(37.9)(4)(6)4(40.0)(6)(7)84.400<0.001
双阳性5(21.7)(1)19(23.2)(2)(4)31(25.0)(4)(5)1(10.0)(6)(7)53.714<0.001
χ28.9717.9534.6803.540
P0.0110.0190.0960.170
), ArticleFig(id=1194634127979815354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873630562394117, articleId=1194613946213700019, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SIBO阳性亚组中不同年龄段患者各类SIBO阳性率比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标<45岁(n=23)45~60岁(n=82)60~75岁(n=124)≥75岁(n=10)χ2P
氢阳性14(60.9)38(46.3)(3)46(37.1)(3)5(50.0)(4)(6)(7)58.447<0.001
甲烷阳性4(17.4)(1)25(30.5)(4)47(37.9)(4)(6)4(40.0)(6)(7)84.400<0.001
双阳性5(21.7)(1)19(23.2)(2)(4)31(25.0)(4)(5)1(10.0)(6)(7)53.714<0.001
χ28.9717.9534.6803.540
P0.0110.0190.0960.170
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不同类型小肠细菌过度生长的影响因素分析
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刘晓娜 1, 2 , 王晓辉 2 , 王少鑫 2 , 刘茜 2 , 王巍 2 , 董昌昊 2 , 胡安平 1, 2 , 崔立红 1, 2, *
解放军医学杂志 | 肠道菌群在疾病发生及治疗中的作用专题 2025,50(3): 254-260
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解放军医学杂志 | 肠道菌群在疾病发生及治疗中的作用专题 2025, 50(3): 254-260
不同类型小肠细菌过度生长的影响因素分析
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刘晓娜1, 2, 王晓辉2, 王少鑫2, 刘茜2, 王巍2, 董昌昊2, 胡安平1, 2, 崔立红1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1解放军医学院研究生院,北京 100853
  • 2解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科,北京 100048
  • 刘晓娜,硕士研究生,主治医师,主要从事肠道微生态方面的研究

通讯作者:

崔立红,E-mail:
Analysis of factors affecting bacterial overgrowth in small intestine of different gas-producing types
Xiao-Na Liu1, 2, Xiao-Hui Wang2, Shao-Xin Wang2, Xi Liu2, Wei Wang2, Chang-Hao Dong2, An-Ping Hu1, 2, Li-Hong Cui1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
  • 2Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1369.2024.1223
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目的 探讨不同类型小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)的影响因素。方法 选取2021年6-12月于解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科住院并行甲烷氢呼气试验的539例患者进行回顾性分析。根据甲烷氢呼气试验结果分为SIBO阴性组(n=300)与SIBO阳性组(n=239),比较两组患者的临床资料。根据甲烷氢呼气试验结果将SIBO阳性患者进一步分为产氢菌过度生长组(氢阳组,n=103)、产甲烷菌过度生长组(甲烷阳组,n=80)、产氢菌及产甲烷菌同时过度生长组(双阳组,n=56);采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析不同类型SIBO的影响因素。根据年龄将SIBO阳性患者分为<45岁(n=23)、45~60岁(n=82)、60~75岁(n=124)、≥75岁(n=10)亚组进行分层分析,比较不同年龄段患者SIBO阳性率的差异。结果 与SIBO阴性组比较,SIBO阳性组和双阳组患者年龄增加,体重指数(BMI)降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);氢阳组冠心病史比例增高,甲烷阳组年龄增加,他汀类药物应用比例降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,冠心病史是产氢菌过度生长的独立危险因素(OR=2.728,95%CI 1.271~5.857,P=0.010);年龄增长是产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素(OR=1.040,95%CI 1.009~1.063,P=0.010),而他汀类药物应用是其独立保护因素(OR=0.420,95%CI 0.236~0.754,P=0.003);BMI升高是产氢菌及产甲烷菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素(OR=0.870,95%CI 0.786~0.964,P=0.008)。在SIBO阳性组中,<45岁的患者甲烷阳率、双阳率均明显低于氢阳率(P<0.05),45~60岁的患者双阳率明显低于氢阳率(P<0.01);45~60岁、60~75岁的患者氢阳率明显低于<45岁的患者(P<0.05),甲烷阳率、双阳率明显高于<45岁的患者(P<0.01)。结论 冠心病史和年龄增长分别是产氢菌和产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素,他汀类药物应用和BMI升高分别是产甲烷菌过度生长、产甲烷菌及产氢菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素。

小肠细菌过度生长  /  呼气试验  /  产甲烷菌过度生长  /  产氢菌过度生长  /  年龄  /  冠心病

Objective To explore the influencing factors of different types of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods A total of 539 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2021 to December 2021 and who underwent methane-hydrogen breath test were retrospectively selected. Based on breath test results, patients were divided into SIBO-negative group (n=300) and SIBO-positive group (n=239). The clinical data were compared between two groups. According to the specific values of breath test results, SIBO-positive patients were further divided into hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth (hydrogen-positive, n=103), intestinal methanogen overgrowth (methanogen-positive, n=80), and simultaneous methanogen and hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth (double positive, n=56) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors of different SIBO types. Additionally, SIBO-positive patients were categorized by age into <45 years (n=23), 45-60 years (n=82), 60-75 years (n=124), and ≥75 years (n=10) to compare SIBO positivity rates across age groups. Results The patients in SIBO-positive and double positive groups were older and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than those in SIBO-negative group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the patients in SIBO-negative group, those in hydrogen-positive group showed a higher proportion of history of coronary heart disease, those in methanogen-positive group were older, and higher proportion of statin use, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, among different SIBO types, a history of coronary heart disease served as an independent risk factor for hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth (OR=2.728, 95%CI 1.271-5.857, P=0.010). For methanogen overgrowth, increasing age was identified as an independent risk factor (OR=1.040, 95%CI 1.009-1.063, P=0.010), while the application of statin played the role of an independent protective factor (OR=0.420, 95%CI 0.236-0.754, P=0.003). As for the simultaneous overgrowth of methane-producing and hydrogen-producing bacteria, increased BMI was found to be an independent protective factor (OR=0.870, 95%CI 0.786-0.964, P=0.008). In SIBO-positive group, it was found that for patients aged <45 years, both the methane-positive rate and the double-positive rate were significantly lower than the hydrogen positivity rate (P<0.05). Moreover, among patients aged 45-60 years, the double-positive rate was significantly lower than the hydrogen positivity rate (P<0.01). When it comes to the hydrogen-positive rate, it was significantly lower for patients aged 45-60 and 60-75 years compared with that of patients aged <45 years (P<0.05). In contrast, the methane-positive rate and the double-positive rate were significantly higher for patients aged 45-60 and 60-75 years than those of patients aged <45 years (P<0.01). Conclusion A history of coronary heart disease and increasing age are independent risk factors for intestinal hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth and methanogen overgrowth, respectively. The application of statins and increased BMI are independent protective factors for intestinal methanogen simultaneous overgrowth of methanogen and hydrogen-producing bacteria, respectively.

small intestinal bacterial overgrowth  /  breath test  /  intestinal methanogen overgrowth  /  hydrogen-producing bacterial overgrowth  /  age  /  coronary disease
刘晓娜, 王晓辉, 王少鑫, 刘茜, 王巍, 董昌昊, 胡安平, 崔立红. 不同类型小肠细菌过度生长的影响因素分析. 解放军医学杂志, 2025 , 50 (3) : 254 -260 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1369.2024.1223
Xiao-Na Liu, Xiao-Hui Wang, Shao-Xin Wang, Xi Liu, Wei Wang, Chang-Hao Dong, An-Ping Hu, Li-Hong Cui. Analysis of factors affecting bacterial overgrowth in small intestine of different gas-producing types[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2025 , 50 (3) : 254 -260 . DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1369.2024.1223
小肠细菌过度生长(small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,SIBO)是由于小肠内菌群数量或种类紊乱引起的非特异性消化症状,研究发现,其与年龄、功能性胃肠病、肠道器质性疾病、幽门螺杆菌感染、肠道解剖结构异常、肝脏疾病、胃轻瘫、胰腺炎、内分泌代谢性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、神经系统疾病、哮喘、心力衰竭等存在相关性[1-5]。根据甲烷氢呼气试验测得的甲烷和氢气的浓度,SIBO阳性可分为以甲烷浓度升高为主、以氢气浓度升高为主,以及甲烷和氢气浓度同时升高3种情况[6]。目前的研究多局限于SIBO阳性与各系统疾病的相关性,而不同产气类型SIBO影响因素的研究鲜见。本研究旨在探讨不同类型SIBO的影响因素,以期加深对SIBO的认识,为不同人群缓解消化道症状提供更具针对性的治疗方案。
回顾性选取2021年6-12月于解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科住院的539例患者。纳入标准:年龄18~80岁;自愿接受甲烷氢呼气试验。排除标准:检查前4周内口服抗生素、抑酸药;检查前1个月内行胃肠镜检查、灌肠等措施;检查前1周内口服调节胃肠动力药、通便药及肠道微生态制剂;合并急性感染;处于肝硬化、自身免疫性疾病活动期;因各种原因不能耐受甲烷氢呼气试验。本研究获解放军总医院第六医学中心伦理委员会审批(HZKY2020-41)。
所有检查、检验均在甲烷氢呼气试验检测前后48 h内于解放军总医院第六医学中心完成。检查前准备及检查流程:被检者检查前1 d避免进食可发酵食物及饮料;呼气试验前禁食12 h,可饮水;检查前至少2 h及检查过程中禁烟;检查过程中意识清醒,检查前及检查过程中避免剧烈运动。使用乳果糖氢气甲烷呼气试验仪(QuinTron,美国QuinTron Instrument Company公司)进行呼气试验检测,测量甲烷、氢气、二氧化碳浓度,以百万分之一(parts per million,ppm)为计量单位。口服乳果糖前行甲烷氢呼气试验检测作为基线水平,此后口服乳果糖10 g/15 ml(杜密克,荷兰Abbott Healthcare Products BV公司)。每隔30 min采集一次受试者的呼出气标本,分别检测甲烷、氢气及二氧化碳的浓度;共采集8次,整个检查过程为210 min。行血生化等实验室检查前空腹时间>10 h,于清晨6:00-9:00完成抽血检查;超声检查前空腹时间>8 h,采用飞利浦超声仪器C5-1探头,由解放军总医院第六医学中心超声科完成检查。
根据北美共识及美国胃肠病协会SIBO指南[6-7],甲烷氢呼气试验检测结果判断标准如下:在90 min内氢气浓度较基线增加≥20 ppm和(或)90 min内甲烷浓度较基线增加≥10 ppm为SIBO阳性。根据不同节点甲烷和氢气浓度的不同,界定在90 min内氢气浓度较基线增加≥20 ppm但不满足甲烷浓度较基线增加≥10 ppm为产氢菌过度生长,90 min内甲烷浓度较基线增加≥10 ppm但不满足氢气浓度较基线增加≥20 ppm为产甲烷菌过度生长,90 min内氢气浓度较基线增加≥20 ppm且甲烷浓度较基线增加≥10 ppm为产氢菌和产甲烷菌同时过度生长[6,8]
收集患者性别、年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、个人史(包括吸烟史、饮酒史)、既往史(包括冠心病史、高血压病史、甲状腺功能减退、胃肠道手术史、胆囊切除史、抗血小板药物应用、他汀类药物应用)、脂肪肝、幽门螺杆菌感染、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)等临床资料。
(1)根据甲烷氢呼气试验检测结果不同将患者分为SIBO阴性组(n=300) 及SIBO阳性组 (n=239),采用单因素分析两组患者的临床资料。(2)根据甲烷氢呼气试验检测结果,进一步将SIBO阳性患者分为产氢菌过度生长组(氢阳组,n=103)、产甲烷菌过度生长组(甲烷阳组,n=80)与产氢菌及产甲烷菌同时过度生长组(双阳组,n=56),分析不同类型SIBO的影响因素。(3)根据年龄将SIBO阳性患者分为<45岁(n=23)、45~60岁(n=82)、60~75岁(n=124)、≥75岁(n=10)亚组进行分层分析,比较不同年龄段患者SIBO阳性率的差异。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar{x}±s$表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1Q3)表示,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析不同类型SIBO的影响因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共纳入539例患者,年龄(58.1±10.7)岁;男289例(53.6%),女250例(46.3%);SIBO阴性300例(55.7%),阳性239例(44.3%)。SIBO阳性组患者年龄大于SIBO阴性组,BMI低于SIBO阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病史、高血压病史、甲状腺功能减退、胃肠道手术史、胆囊切除史、抗血小板药物应用、他汀类药物应用、脂肪肝、幽门螺杆菌感染比例,以及FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
SIBO阴性组、氢阳组、甲烷阳组、双阳组间年龄、BMI及冠心病史、他汀类药物应用比例比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与SIBO阴性组比较,双阳组年龄增加、BMI降低,氢阳组冠心病史比例增高,甲烷阳组年龄增加、他汀类药物应用比例降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组间性别,吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、甲状腺功能减退史、胃肠道手术史、胆囊切除史、抗血小板药物应用比例,以及FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05) (表2)。
表2P<0.05的因素(冠心病史赋值:否=0,是=1;他汀类药物应用:否=0,是=1;年龄和BMI为数值变量,原值带入)纳入多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,冠心病史是产氢菌过度生长的独立危险因素(OR=2.728,95%CI 1.271~5.857,P=0.010);年龄增长是产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素(OR=1.040,95%CI 1.009~1.063,P=0.010),而他汀类药物应用是其独立保护因素(OR=0.420,95%CI 0.236~0.754,P=0.003);BMI增高是产氢菌及产甲烷菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素(OR=0.870,95%CI 0.786~0.964,P=0.008,图1)。
在SIBO阳性组中,不同年龄段患者的各类SIBO阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.144,P=0.043)。<45岁、45~60岁患者的氢阳率、甲烷阳率、双阳率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.011、0.019),其中<45岁患者甲烷阳率、双阳率均明显低于氢阳率(P<0.05),45~60岁患者双阳率明显低于氢阳率(P<0.01);60~75岁及≥75岁患者氢阳率、甲烷阳率、双阳率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表3)。
45~60岁、60~75岁患者氢阳率明显低于<45岁患者(P<0.05),甲烷阳率、双阳率明显高于<45岁患者(P<0.01);≥75岁患者氢阳率、甲烷阳率高于45~60岁、60~75岁患者(P<0.01),双阳率明显低于45~60岁、60~75岁患者(P<0.01) (表3)。
肠道菌群在消化吸收、免疫调节、营养代谢等过程中发挥着重要作用[9]。肠道微生物群具有形成肠上皮、维持肠道完整性、产生维生素和防止病原体侵入等重要作用[10]。健康人体消化道不同部位肠道菌群的种类及数量各不相同,但保持相对稳定的状态[11]。胃酸分泌、胰酶分泌、胆汁酸、小肠蠕动功能、神经电活动、免疫系统等参与维持小肠微生态稳定,当这些因素发生改变后均可导致SIBO的发生[4,7]。研究表明,引起肠道微生态紊乱的原因主要有肠道解剖结构异常、运动障碍、酸碱失衡及抗生素应用等[12-14]。既往研究发现,SIBO与肠道炎症性疾病、胃食管反流、脂肪性肝病、急慢性胰腺炎、肝胆疾病(如肝硬化、胆囊结石等)、糖尿病、代谢性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、神经精神系统疾病等有关[15-19]。目前对于不同疾病与不同类型SIBO相关性的研究较少。
本研究结果显示,冠心病史是产氢菌过度生长的独立危险因素。Fialho等[20]发现,SIBO可能是冠心病的危险因素,其导致的慢性炎症可能是冠心病发生发展的重要原因之一。在SIBO的影响下,小肠细菌负荷增加,致使肠道屏障功能损伤进一步加重,通透性增加,从而激活全身炎症和免疫反应。此外,Mollar等[21]发现,心力衰竭患者体内氧化三甲胺(trime thylamine N-oxide,TMAO)水平与氢气浓度呈正相关。胆碱和左旋肉碱是TMAO的主要来源,在肠道菌群作用下可产生三甲胺(TMA),后者通过门静脉进入肝脏,并在黄素单氧化酶3的催化下生成TMAO[22-23]。最近研究发现,TMAO不仅影响动脉粥样硬化,而且在动脉硬化发生发展中起着重要作用[24]。此外,在动物实验中发现产甲烷菌的定植能够降低小鼠体内TMAO的浓度,分析原因可能与产甲烷菌可消耗TMA有关。因此推测产甲烷菌可能对冠心病等心血管疾病具有一定保护作用[25],未来需要进一步研究来验证产甲烷菌在心血管疾病中的作用及其具体机制。
本研究发现,SIBO阳性组患者年龄大于SIBO阴性组;多因素logistics回归分析显示年龄增长是产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素。年龄分层分析结果显示60~75岁患者中产甲烷菌过度生长、产甲烷菌及产氢菌同时过度生长阳性率均较高,与既往研究结果一致[26-28]。Bushyhead等[26]发现,SIBO在老年患者中更为常见,老年患者肠道蠕动减弱导致小肠运动障碍可能是其SIBO阳性率较高的主要原因。Talamantes等[27]对斯坦福研究临床数据库(STARR)中的相关数据进行回顾性分析发现,甲烷氢呼气试验阳性患者的肠道传输时间明显长于阴性患者(40 h 29 min vs. 28 h 51 min,P=0.028);而在SIBO阳性患者中,与非产甲烷菌过度生长者比较,产甲烷菌过度生长者小肠传输时间及结肠传输时间延长(小肠传输时间:5 h 15 min vs. 4 h 32 min,P=0.021;结肠传输时间:44 h 23 min vs. 28 h 51 min,P=0.030)。而Gomaa[28]发现,老年人的拟杆菌与厚壁杆菌比例较低,肠杆菌丰度降低,原因可能与食物多样性减少及炎性因子增加有关。
本研究还发现,他汀类药物应用是产甲烷菌过度生长的独立保护因素。既往研究表明,他汀类药物可抑制3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶介导的细胞膜生物合成作用,从而抑制甲烷的产生[29],缓解便秘症状,但其具体机制仍需进一步研究。本研究中BMI增高是产甲烷菌及产氢菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素。目前SIBO与BMI的关系尚无定论。Basseri等[30]发现,肥胖个体的甲烷生成与BMI呈正相关;人体中产生甲烷的古生菌通过厌氧发酵产生甲烷,产甲烷菌可去除H+并加速多糖和碳水化合物的发酵,使短链脂肪酸产生增加并被肠道吸收,从而导致肥胖。Jung等[31]发现,肥胖是产氢菌过度生长的保护因素;产氢菌过度生长导致氢气增加和营养物质吸收不足,进而造成短链脂肪酸产生增多,使胃传输时间缩短,从而导致非便秘型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)。同时,SIBO可能影响消化酶的作用,导致营养吸收不良。在动物实验中发现胆汁酸代谢异常可能引起肠道菌群种类和丰度发生改变[32]。SIBO患者中游离胆汁酸(主要为次级胆汁酸)产生过多,可刺激黏膜炎症并导致吸收不良,造成胶束形成受损,脂肪吸收不良,最终导致脂肪储存减少[33-34]
既往一项SIBO亚型与营养状况及饮食结构的相关性调查研究发现,甲烷阳组患者脂肪摄入量高于双阳组及氢阳组[35];高脂饮食为冠心病发生的危险因素之一,而BMI受饮食结构影响较大。BMI与不同类型SIBO之间的关系,除产氢菌引起肠道炎症外,还可能与不同类型SIBO患者的饮食结构有关,未来仍需深入探讨。
SIBO诊断的金标准为小肠抽吸液培养[7],而甲烷氢呼气试验作为一种简便无创的检测方式,广泛应用于临床。Tang等[36]的研究证实,甲烷氢呼气试验与空肠液细菌培养具有高度契合性。日本Bamba等[37]对十二指肠液细菌培养进行16S rRNA基因测序,结果显示,SIBO阳性患者肠道微生物组的特征为链球菌相对丰度增高,拟杆菌相对丰度降低。对不同肠易激综合征(IBS)亚型进行分析发现,便秘型肠易激综合征(IBS-C)患者甲烷氢呼气试验检测甲烷浓度较高,粪便中产甲烷古菌、甲烷短杆菌、史密斯氏菌的绝对丰度较高,而IBS-D患者甲烷氢呼气试验检测氢气浓度较高,且与产氢菌(包括梭杆菌和脱硫弧菌属)的相对丰度较高相关[38]
综上所述,本研究结果显示,冠心病史是产氢菌过度生长的独立危险因素;年龄增长是产甲烷菌过度生长的独立危险因素,而他汀类药物应用是其独立保护因素;BMI增高是产甲烷菌及产氢菌同时过度生长的独立保护因素。该结果进一步提高了人们对SIBO的认识,也为未来的临床治疗提供了理论依据。但本研究为单中心单学科研究,样本量有限,结果具有一定局限性。后续可进行多学科、多中心、大样本量研究,以进一步评估不同系统、不同因素与SIBO之间的相关性。
  • 首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2020-2-5113)()
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doi: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.1369.2024.1223
  • 接收时间:2024-09-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04
  • 录用日期:2024-11-14
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Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH 2020-2-5113)()
首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2020-2-5113)()
作者信息
    1解放军医学院研究生院,北京 100853
    2解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科,北京 100048

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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